Evolution of Genome Size and Chromosome Number in The
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Carnivorous Plant Newsletter Vol 47 No 1 March 2018
What’s new in the world of carnivorous plants – Summary of two symposia held in July 2017 Simon Poppinga • Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg • Germany • simon.poppinga@ biologie.uni-freiburg.de Firman Alamsyah • Ctech Labs and Indonesian Carnivorous Plant Community • Indonesia Ulrike Bauer • University of Bristol • UK Andreas Fleischmann • Botanische Staatssammlung München • Germany Martin Horstmann • University of Bochum • Germany Saskia Klink • University of Bayreuth • Germany Sebastian Kruppert • University of Bochum • Germany Qianshi Lin • University of British Columbia • Canada Ulrike Müller • California State University Fresno • USA Amanda Northrop • University of Vermont • USA Bartosz J. Płachno • Jagiellonian University in Kraków • Poland Anneke Prins • Middlesex University • UK Mathias Scharmann • ETH Zürich • Switzerland Dagmara Sirová • University of South Bohemia • Czech Republic Laura Skates • University of Western Australia • Australia Anna Westermeier • Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg • Germany Aaron M. Ellison • Harvard Forest • USA • [email protected] Dozens of scientific papers about carnivorous plant research are published each year on diverse topics ranging from new species descriptions, through phylogenetic approaches in taxonomy and systematics, to ecology and evolution of botanical carnivory, biomechanics and physiology of traps, among many others. By the time a paper is published, however, it is already “old news” because the salient results often are presented months or even years earlier at scientific conferences. Such meetings are the perfect venues to discuss ongoing research and “hot” topics and present them to colleagues from around the world. The first and last authors of this report were in the lucky situation to organize symposia about carnivorous plant biology during two major conferences: Simon Poppinga chaired a one-day ses- sion—“Carnivorous plants - Physiology, ecology, and evolution”—on July 6, 2017, as part of the Annual Main Meeting of the Society for Experimental Biology (SEB) in Gothenburg, Sweden. -
Foraging Modes of Carnivorous Plants Aaron M
Israel Journal of Ecology & Evolution, 2020 http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22244662-20191066 Foraging modes of carnivorous plants Aaron M. Ellison* Harvard Forest, Harvard University, 324 North Main Street, Petersham, Massachusetts, 01366, USA Abstract Carnivorous plants are pure sit-and-wait predators: they remain rooted to a single location and depend on the abundance and movement of their prey to obtain nutrients required for growth and reproduction. Yet carnivorous plants exhibit phenotypically plastic responses to prey availability that parallel those of non-carnivorous plants to changes in light levels or soil-nutrient concentrations. The latter have been considered to be foraging behaviors, but the former have not. Here, I review aspects of foraging theory that can be profitably applied to carnivorous plants considered as sit-and-wait predators. A discussion of different strategies by which carnivorous plants attract, capture, kill, and digest prey, and subsequently acquire nutrients from them suggests that optimal foraging theory can be applied to carnivorous plants as easily as it has been applied to animals. Carnivorous plants can vary their production, placement, and types of traps; switch between capturing nutrients from leaf-derived traps and roots; temporarily activate traps in response to external cues; or cease trap production altogether. Future research on foraging strategies by carnivorous plants will yield new insights into the physiology and ecology of what Darwin called “the most wonderful plants in the world”. At the same time, inclusion of carnivorous plants into models of animal foraging behavior could lead to the development of a more general and taxonomically inclusive foraging theory. -
Ber Gl an D V on G U a Y A
ISLAS LOS ROQUES ©REISE KNOW-HOW 2012 Venezuela - östlicher Teil 629 622 ISLAS LOS TESTIGOS 586 ISLAS LOS FRAILES San Juan de los Cayos ISLA MARGARITA Karibisches Meer 578 La Asunción TOBAGO Chichiriviche Porlamar Punta 268 PORT TRINIDAD & o Nationalpark 209 La Los ISLA LA TORTUGA de Piedras OF SPAIN Morrocoy GuairaCaracas Carúpano 289 Puerto Maiquetía 216 245 TOBAGO Morón Choroní Chuspa Irapa Güiria Cabello 169 Higuerote Cumaná Cariaco Casanay 558 537 Guatire Puerto Golfo TRINIDAD Henri Maracay CARACAS Caucagua Cueva del Valencia Pittier 226 La Cruz Cagua El Guapo Guácharo deParia San Fernando Nat. Park Cua Barcelona San Caripito a Bejuma Francisco Villa de 431 Cura Santa Fé La Encrucijada La Toscana 299 Tinaquillo San Juan Altagracia de los Morros Maturín Tinaco de Orituco Aragua de Barcelona 316 Anaco Orinoco- Chaguaramas La Horqueta El Sombrero Zaraza 306 Los Güires 436 Tucupita 434 Valle de El Tigrito Temblador El Baúl la Pascua 317 San Antonio Calabozo El Tigre de Tabasca Delta Moja 322 Barrancas Casabe Ciudad Nationalpark Guayana 333 Aguaro-Guariquito Río Gua Ciudad 361 Campamento na r 416 Río Grande e Bolívar Upata San Fernando Apurito Moitaco El Palmar de Apure Mapire Achaguas Cabruta 398 R Caicara 345 ío A Bochinche pure del Orinoco Las Ciudad ual o Adjuntas 363 c Piar Embalse 363 o n de Guri ri El Callao Tumeremo O El Manteco Río Serranía La Urbana Serranía Turagua 345 de Imataca La Vergareña Paragua 364 Nationalpark Guaniamo El Dorado Santos Luzardo 410 Puerto Río ío Meta C R a Páez u GUYANA Puerto r San Isidro a 346 Carreño -
Catalogue of the Amphibians of Venezuela: Illustrated and Annotated Species List, Distribution, and Conservation 1,2César L
Mannophryne vulcano, Male carrying tadpoles. El Ávila (Parque Nacional Guairarepano), Distrito Federal. Photo: Jose Vieira. We want to dedicate this work to some outstanding individuals who encouraged us, directly or indirectly, and are no longer with us. They were colleagues and close friends, and their friendship will remain for years to come. César Molina Rodríguez (1960–2015) Erik Arrieta Márquez (1978–2008) Jose Ayarzagüena Sanz (1952–2011) Saúl Gutiérrez Eljuri (1960–2012) Juan Rivero (1923–2014) Luis Scott (1948–2011) Marco Natera Mumaw (1972–2010) Official journal website: Amphibian & Reptile Conservation amphibian-reptile-conservation.org 13(1) [Special Section]: 1–198 (e180). Catalogue of the amphibians of Venezuela: Illustrated and annotated species list, distribution, and conservation 1,2César L. Barrio-Amorós, 3,4Fernando J. M. Rojas-Runjaic, and 5J. Celsa Señaris 1Fundación AndígenA, Apartado Postal 210, Mérida, VENEZUELA 2Current address: Doc Frog Expeditions, Uvita de Osa, COSTA RICA 3Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Apartado Postal 1930, Caracas 1010-A, VENEZUELA 4Current address: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Río Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Laboratório de Sistemática de Vertebrados, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Porto Alegre, RS 90619–900, BRAZIL 5Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Altos de Pipe, apartado 20632, Caracas 1020, VENEZUELA Abstract.—Presented is an annotated checklist of the amphibians of Venezuela, current as of December 2018. The last comprehensive list (Barrio-Amorós 2009c) included a total of 333 species, while the current catalogue lists 387 species (370 anurans, 10 caecilians, and seven salamanders), including 28 species not yet described or properly identified. Fifty species and four genera are added to the previous list, 25 species are deleted, and 47 experienced nomenclatural changes. -
The Terrestrial Carnivorous Plant Utricularia Reniformis Sheds Light on Environmental and Life-Form Genome Plasticity
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article The Terrestrial Carnivorous Plant Utricularia reniformis Sheds Light on Environmental and Life-Form Genome Plasticity Saura R. Silva 1 , Ana Paula Moraes 2 , Helen A. Penha 1, Maria H. M. Julião 1, Douglas S. Domingues 3, Todd P. Michael 4 , Vitor F. O. Miranda 5,* and Alessandro M. Varani 1,* 1 Departamento de Tecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil; [email protected] (S.R.S.); [email protected] (H.A.P.); [email protected] (M.H.M.J.) 2 Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-070, Brazil; [email protected] 3 Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil; [email protected] 4 J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; [email protected] 5 Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil * Correspondence: [email protected] (V.F.O.M.); [email protected] (A.M.V.) Received: 23 October 2019; Accepted: 15 December 2019; Published: 18 December 2019 Abstract: Utricularia belongs to Lentibulariaceae, a widespread family of carnivorous plants that possess ultra-small and highly dynamic nuclear genomes. It has been shown that the Lentibulariaceae genomes have been shaped by transposable elements expansion and loss, and multiple rounds of whole-genome duplications (WGD), making the family a platform for evolutionary and comparative genomics studies. To explore the evolution of Utricularia, we estimated the chromosome number and genome size, as well as sequenced the terrestrial bladderwort Utricularia reniformis (2n = 40, 1C = 317.1-Mpb). -
Evaluating the Adaptive Evolutionary Convergence of Carnivorous Plant Taxa Through Functional Genomics
Evaluating the adaptive evolutionary convergence of carnivorous plant taxa through functional genomics Gregory L. Wheeler and Bryan C. Carstens Department of Evolution, Ecology, & Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America ABSTRACT Carnivorous plants are striking examples of evolutionary convergence, displaying complex and often highly similar adaptations despite lack of shared ancestry. Using available carnivorous plant genomes along with non-carnivorous reference taxa, this study examines the convergence of functional overrepresentation of genes previously implicated in plant carnivory. Gene Ontology (GO) coding was used to quantitatively score functional representation in these taxa, in terms of proportion of carnivory- associated functions relative to all functional sequence. Statistical analysis revealed that, in carnivorous plants as a group, only two of the 24 functions tested showed a signal of substantial overrepresentation. However, when the four carnivorous taxa were analyzed individually, 11 functions were found to be significant in at least one taxon. Though carnivorous plants collectively may show overrepresentation in functions from the predicted set, the specific functions that are overrepresented vary substantially from taxon to taxon. While it is possible that some functions serve a similar practical purpose such that one taxon does not need to utilize both to achieve the same result, it appears that there are multiple approaches for the evolution of carnivorous function in plant genomes. Our approach could be applied to tests of functional convergence in other systems provided on the availability of genomes and annotation data for a group. Submitted 27 October 2017 Accepted 13 January 2018 Subjects Bioinformatics, Evolutionary Studies, Genomics, Plant Science Published 31 January 2018 Keywords Carnivorous plants, Gene Ontology, Functional genomics, Convergent evolution Corresponding author Gregory L. -
Aquatic Vascular Plants of New England, Station Bulletin, No.528
University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository NHAES Bulletin New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station 4-1-1985 Aquatic vascular plants of New England, Station Bulletin, no.528 Crow, G. E. Hellquist, C. B. New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/agbulletin Recommended Citation Crow, G. E.; Hellquist, C. B.; and New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station, "Aquatic vascular plants of New England, Station Bulletin, no.528" (1985). NHAES Bulletin. 489. https://scholars.unh.edu/agbulletin/489 This Text is brought to you for free and open access by the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in NHAES Bulletin by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BIO SCI tON BULLETIN 528 LIBRARY April, 1985 ezi quatic Vascular Plants of New England: Part 8. Lentibulariaceae by G. E. Crow and C. B. Hellquist NEW HAMPSHIRE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE DURHAM, NEW HAMPSHIRE 03824 UmVERSITY OF NEV/ MAMP.SHJM LIBRARY ISSN: 0077-8338 BIO SCI > [ON BULLETIN 528 LIBRARY April, 1985 e.zi quatic Vascular Plants of New England: Part 8. Lentibulariaceae by G. E. Crow and C. B. Hellquist NEW HAMPSHIRE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE DURHAM, NEW HAMPSHIRE 03824 UNtVERSITY or NEVv' MAMP.SHI.Ht LIBRARY ISSN: 0077-8338 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We wish to thank Drs. Robert K. Godfrey and George B. Rossbach for their helpful comments on the manuscript. We are also grateful to the curators of the following herbaria for use of their collections: BRU, CONN, CUW, GH, NHN, KIRI, MASS, MAINE, NASC, NCBS, NHA, NEBC, VT, YU. -
Pandon Ekamanin.Pdf
© Texto e ilustraciones: Hanneke Wagenaar © Fundación Editorial El perro y la rana, 2010 Centro Simón Bolívar Torre Norte, piso 21, El Silencio, Caracas - Venezuela, 1010. Teléfonos: (0212) 7688300 / 7688399. Correos electrónicos: [email protected] [email protected] Páginas web: www.elperroylarana.gob.ve www.ministeriodelacultura.gob.ve Edición al cuidado de: Rodolfo Castillo Elis Labrador Mónica Piscitelli Hecho el Depósito de Ley Depósito legal lf 40220108002277 ISBN 978-980-14-1076-8 IMPRESO EN VENEZUELA Hanneke Wagenaar Pandón ekamanín (Cuentacuentos) Al valle de Kamarata Nota de la ekamanín La primera idea que me asalta es que no son mis cuentos, son de los pemón, de su tradición oral, a ellos les pertenecen. La segunda idea es que, de ninguna manera, este trabajo tiene pretensiones antro- pológicas. Son sencillamente la razón para dibujar tepuyes, selvas y sabanas; arcoíris, nubes y cielos; personas que son pájaros y árboles que son personas; rocas parlantes, tucusitos en busca de una flor y acures que viajan dentro de troncos huecos en un mundo alucinado; anacondas gigantes y cerros que se abren para dibujar una tierra que me ha impactado quedándose pegada al cuerpo como una nueva capa de piel, utilizando los colores del cuero sutil de la boa tornasolada con la que los pájaros se cubrie- ron en el tiempo de Piá, cuando todo lo nombrable era humano. Es por ello -y con todo mi respeto- que escribo, a mi entender, los cuentos que escuché o leí en algún momento y que ahora les cuento a los karán, es decir, a los visitantes de otras latitudes y a los tüponkén de la ciudad. -
The Miniature Genome of a Carnivorous Plant Genlisea Aurea
Leushkin et al. BMC Genomics 2013, 14:476 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/14/476 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access The miniature genome of a carnivorous plant Genlisea aurea contains a low number of genes and short non-coding sequences Evgeny V Leushkin1,2, Roman A Sutormin1, Elena R Nabieva1, Aleksey A Penin1,2,3, Alexey S Kondrashov1,4 and Maria D Logacheva1,5* Abstract Background: Genlisea aurea (Lentibulariaceae) is a carnivorous plant with unusually small genome size - 63.6 Mb – one of the smallest known among higher plants. Data on the genome sizes and the phylogeny of Genlisea suggest that this is a derived state within the genus. Thus, G. aurea is an excellent model organism for studying evolutionary mechanisms of genome contraction. Results: Here we report sequencing and de novo draft assembly of G. aurea genome. The assembly consists of 10,687 contigs of the total length of 43.4 Mb and includes 17,755 complete and partial protein-coding genes. Its comparison with the genome of Mimulus guttatus, another representative of higher core Lamiales clade, reveals striking differences in gene content and length of non-coding regions. Conclusions: Genome contraction was a complex process, which involved gene loss and reduction of lengths of introns and intergenic regions, but not intron loss. The gene loss is more frequent for the genes that belong to multigenic families indicating that genetic redundancy is an important prerequisite for genome size reduction. Keywords: Genome reduction, Carnivorous plant, Intron, Intergenic region Background evolutionary and functional points of view. In a model In spite of the similarity of basic cellular processes in eu- plant species, Arabidopsis thaliana, number of protein- karyotes, their genome sizes are extraordinarily variable. -
Carnivorous Plant Responses to Resource Availability
Carnivorous plant responses to resource availability: environmental interactions, morphology and biochemistry Christopher R. Hatcher A doctoral thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy of Loughborough University November 2019 © by Christopher R. Hatcher (2019) Abstract Understanding how organisms respond to resources available in the environment is a fundamental goal of ecology. Resource availability controls ecological processes at all levels of organisation, from molecular characteristics of individuals to community and biosphere. Climate change and other anthropogenically driven factors are altering environmental resource availability, and likely affects ecology at all levels of organisation. It is critical, therefore, to understand the ecological impact of environmental variation at a range of spatial and temporal scales. Consequently, I bring physiological, ecological, biochemical and evolutionary research together to determine how plants respond to resource availability. In this thesis I have measured the effects of resource availability on phenotypic plasticity, intraspecific trait variation and metabolic responses of carnivorous sundew plants. Carnivorous plants are interesting model systems for a range of evolutionary and ecological questions because of their specific adaptations to attaining nutrients. They can, therefore, provide interesting perspectives on existing questions, in this case trait-environment interactions, plant strategies and plant responses to predicted future environmental scenarios. In a manipulative experiment, I measured the phenotypic plasticity of naturally shaded Drosera rotundifolia in response to disturbance mediated changes in light availability over successive growing seasons. Following selective disturbance, D. rotundifolia became more carnivorous by increasing the number of trichomes and trichome density. These plants derived more N from prey and flowered earlier. -
Amazon Alive: a Decade of Discoveries 1999-2009
Amazon Alive! A decade of discovery 1999-2009 The Amazon is the planet’s largest rainforest and river basin. It supports countless thousands of species, as well as 30 million people. © Brent Stirton / Getty Images / WWF-UK © Brent Stirton / Getty Images The Amazon is the largest rainforest on Earth. It’s famed for its unrivalled biological diversity, with wildlife that includes jaguars, river dolphins, manatees, giant otters, capybaras, harpy eagles, anacondas and piranhas. The many unique habitats in this globally significant region conceal a wealth of hidden species, which scientists continue to discover at an incredible rate. Between 1999 and 2009, at least 1,200 new species of plants and vertebrates have been discovered in the Amazon biome (see page 6 for a map showing the extent of the region that this spans). The new species include 637 plants, 257 fish, 216 amphibians, 55 reptiles, 16 birds and 39 mammals. In addition, thousands of new invertebrate species have been uncovered. Owing to the sheer number of the latter, these are not covered in detail by this report. This report has tried to be comprehensive in its listing of new plants and vertebrates described from the Amazon biome in the last decade. But for the largest groups of life on Earth, such as invertebrates, such lists do not exist – so the number of new species presented here is no doubt an underestimate. Cover image: Ranitomeya benedicta, new poison frog species © Evan Twomey amazon alive! i a decade of discovery 1999-2009 1 Ahmed Djoghlaf, Executive Secretary, Foreword Convention on Biological Diversity The vital importance of the Amazon rainforest is very basic work on the natural history of the well known. -
Discovery of Digestive Enzymes in Carnivorous Plants with Focus on Proteases
A peer-reviewed version of this preprint was published in PeerJ on 5 June 2018. View the peer-reviewed version (peerj.com/articles/4914), which is the preferred citable publication unless you specifically need to cite this preprint. Ravee R, Mohd Salleh F‘, Goh H. 2018. Discovery of digestive enzymes in carnivorous plants with focus on proteases. PeerJ 6:e4914 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4914 Discovery of digestive enzymes in carnivorous plants with focus on proteases Rishiesvari Ravee 1 , Faris ‘Imadi Mohd Salleh 1 , Hoe-Han Goh Corresp. 1 1 Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia Corresponding Author: Hoe-Han Goh Email address: [email protected] Background. Carnivorous plants have been fascinating researchers with their unique characters and bioinspired applications. These include medicinal trait of some carnivorous plants with potentials for pharmaceutical industry. Methods. This review will cover recent progress based on current studies on digestive enzymes secreted by different genera of carnivorous plants: Drosera (sundews), Dionaea (Venus flytrap), Nepenthes (tropical pitcher plants), Sarracenia (North American pitcher plants), Cephalotus (Australian pitcher plants), Genlisea (corkscrew plants), and Utricularia (bladderworts). Results. Since the discovery of secreted protease nepenthesin in Nepenthes pitcher, digestive enzymes from carnivorous plants have been the focus of many studies. Recent genomics approaches have accelerated digestive enzyme discovery. Furthermore, the advancement in recombinant technology and protein purification helped in the identification and characterisation of enzymes in carnivorous plants. Discussion. These different aspects will be described and discussed in this review with focus on the role of secreted plant proteases and their potential industrial applications.