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Xorox University Microfilms 300 North Z W B Rood Ann Arbor, Michigan 4310# 75-3066 INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological maans to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again - beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. 5. PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. Xorox University Microfilms 300 North Z w b Rood Ann Arbor, Michigan 4310# 75-3066 FITZPATRICK* John Steven* 1948- UNDERGROUND MINING: A CASE STUDY OF AN OCCUPATIONAL SUBCULTURE OF DANGER. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1974 Sociology, labor relations Xerox University Microfilms,Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 © 1974 JOHN STEVEN FITZPATRICK ALL RIGHTS RESERVED THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED. UNDERGROUND MINING: A CASE STUD* OF AN OCCUPATIONAL SUBCULTURE OF DANGER DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduato School of the Ohio State University By John Steven Fitspotrick, B. A., M. A. The Ohio S tate U nivorsity 197U Reading Committee: Approved By Dr. Russell Dyne3 Dr. Enrico Quarantelli Dr. Margaret Helfrich Department of Sociology ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to extend my deepest appreciation to my professors Dr. Russell Dynes, Dr. Enrico Quarantelli, Dr. Margaret Uelfrich, and Dr. Hoscce Hinkle for their help, time, and consideration during my stay in graduate school ar.d in assisting mo to reach my educational goals. My thanks also goes to t.lie members of my family: Connie, my wife; Natalie, my mother; Marcus, my father: Thomas and Eugene, my brothers for their continued help, assistance, and support in my effort to become a Doctor of Philosophy. i i VITA September 19, 19L6 . • • Born - Anaconda, Montana 1970 ...................................... Bachelor of Arts, University of Montana, M issoula, Montana 1971 ...................................... Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1971 - 197U ......................... Research Associate, Disaster Research Center, The Chio State University, Colunbu3, Ohio 1973 ...................................... Teaching Associate, Department of Sociology, The Ohio S tate U niversity, Columbus, Ohio PUBLICATIONS AND PAPERS The March. 1972, Louisville, Kentucky, Chlorine Leak Threat and EvacuaTion; Observations on Community Coordination (co-authorl. Working Paper No. UU (Columbus, Ohio* D isaster Research Center, 1972). A Social Control Organizational Perspective of Four Disturbances (co-author), Preliminary Paper No. d '(Columbus, Ohio: Disaster Research Center, 1973)* Polico Department Perceptions on the Occurrences of Civil Disturbances (co-author) paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Southern Sociological Society, Atlanta, Georgia, April 12, 197U. "Polico Department Perceptions of the Occurrences of Civil Disturbances," (co-author), Sociology and Social Research, October 197U (forthcoming). FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field? Sociology Industrial Sociology. Professor Margaret Helfrich Social Stratification. Professor Russell Dyne3 Social Theory. Professor Roscoe Hinkle i i i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.......................................................................... i i VITA...................................................................................................................................i l l LIST OF FIGURES....................................................................................... v ii Chapter I . INTRODUCTION ..................................... 1 The Problem Concepts and Definitions Significance of the Rosoorch Outline of Chaptors Notes I I . EXISTING RESEARCH...................................................................... 15 Major Themes Theme li The Dangerous Nature of Mining os an Occupation Theme 2: The Nature of Mine Dangers: Size, Scale, and Predictability Theme 3: The Nature of Mine Dangors: Controllable? By Whom? Theme U: The Human C ontribution to Mine Dangers Theme 5: The Effoct of Occupational Danger, Particularly Mine Danger, on Human Populations Summary Notes I I I . SETTING AND METHODS.................................................................. 36 Introduction The Occupation The S ettin g The Research Role and Methodology Data Collection, Recording, and Evaluation Data Organization and Presentation Notes iv Chapter IV. THE SOCIAL ORGANIZATION OF THE MINE, . , . Introduction The Formal Organization of the Mine Technology, Work Flow, and Mine Work Physical S tru ctu re, Technology, and Formal Organization The Union and the Government Summary Notes V. ANALYSIS OF COLLECTBO DATA ............................. Introduction Structural Analysis Normative-Valuativo System: Belief Summary Notes VI. ANALYSIS OF COLLECTED DATA ............................. Introduction Structural Analysis Continued Normative-Valuativo System: Norms Nonnative-Valuative System: Sanctions Normative-Valuative System: Values Summary Note3 VII. ANALYSIS OF COLLECTED DATA............................. Introduction Structural Analysis Continued Position Network Summary of Structural Analysis Processual Analysis Summary of Processual Analysis Functional Analysis Summary of Functional Analysis Note3 V III. AN OCCUPATIONAL SUBCULTURE OF DANGER . Introduction A Model * Generalization from the Model Summary Notes Chapter Page IX. CONCLUSION 2hh Introduction General Summary The Research Contribution Directions for Further Research Hote3 APPENDIX As A 01os3ary of Mining Torr.iinolgy, 257 B: Examples of Three Days of F ield Notes. 262 BIBLIOGRAPHY...................................................... 271 vi L IS T OF fTJURES T itle ‘ ' Page 1. Formal Organizational Chart ................................................... 62 2. Dimensions of a Subculture....................................................... 87 3. The Development of a S u b c u ltu re ........................................... 218 U. A Model of an Occupational Subculture of Danger . * • 221 $, The Formation of Occupational Subcultures of Danger in Varied Occupational Settings.......................................... 237 v i i CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The Problem Thia is a stud/ of how people who work in dangerous occupations adapt to the stresses, threats> losses, and injuries to which they are exposed in the course of their work. The effect of danger upon partici­ pants in an occupational context has received little systematic examina­ tion. This research, through a detailed case study of the social set­ ting of one dangerous occupation, w ill construct a theoretical framework that seeks to explain how people adapt to the dangers of their work en­ vironment. A major precedent for this research has come from the study of natural disasters. Recently sociologists have looked more closely at the effects of natural disasters on segments of the population which are systematically subjected to these events. Hurricanes and floods have been of particular interest because of their propensity to strike fre­ quently within certain geographical boundaries. In assessing the relationship between these natural phenomena and the affected human popu­ lation, sociologists have advanced the possibility that distinct subcul­ tures may characterize human populations in areas vulnerable to natural d is a s te rs . This idea is not without intellectual and historical precedent. 1 Writing in the mid 1800's, the English social historian, Henry Buckle, advanced a thesis which suggested geography and geographical conditions as being the prime force in the development and evolution of human culture.3- More recently anthropologist Fella Keesing has stated! The habitat will be seen as providing not a single or prime determiner of culture . , rather, its constit­ uents - climate, physiography, resources, and so on - comprise another type or class of determinants which help to shape the behavior of groups and Individuals, and which in turn are shaped by such behavior.2 In a similar fashion, Kelville Herskovits,3
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