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PC Week Special Report Feburary 28, 1994

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gaged in a struggle to re-engineer ,BY Dan Farber their info_nnation systeins. Terms like downsiring, ·upsizing, rightsiz­ en ~ears ago this v,;; e,k._:0}>~ ;" nahsts labored _long mto. the . ing, and scalable have become part of every managei 's .vocabul~ry: . ~ighttopr~ducethepremier issue of PC Week. •; One point is clear. The, expone~­ lThe front-i;>age·bahner headline tial growth 'in -power and perfor­ announced new graphics capabili-· mance of PCs has created an envi­ ties for IBM's.327_0 PC: Apple's Mo- 6 ronment npe forclient/servercom­ torola 68000-based Lisa workstation ', puting. Mainframes are sharing pro- was expected to give it stiff compe,­ . cessingdutieswithlow-costPCs,and tition. Compaq hadjust completed· rapid application-development tools its first year d .business with•$1 _1 0 that provide seamless .data access million in s·ales, Pr~sident ·Reaga:n ~~e 1:i~gin~ing -~o ,proliferllte. Lega; ! .'' ' • ' :i i.:.; ..\: ,:~ • ·'' ' • was .entenng his fourthyear-in the cy operating systems such as CICS, White House, and'Lo~~ iriint­ . ' MVS,andVMSarefindingtheirway, ingmoneywith its 1-2~3 spre~~heet . · onto modern RISC platforms, and Fast-forward-· to 1994. Sam Whit- · .,. new enterprise operati~g systems . from Microsoft and IBM are start- In 1984, about30 ing to emerge. Spreadsheets, word percent or our. rocessors, and databas­ -'the standard ap- . catiol!-s that readers had LANs~ fined . com­ puting-are Today,"100 percent _becoming pow­ erful, multimedia . are connected. tools for collabora- more,John Dodge, Matt Kramer, . tion. E-mail is .now and Beth Freedman-original PC · the hub application Week staff members-are still toil­ for, global corporations. ing at their trade. The crew of20 has ~d mobile co~puting has. grown to more than 100 writers, ed­ . ev,olved, froip the .15-pound itors, proiiuct-review analysts, de- portables !0yearsagotohand- . ,.· signers, and artists. Spencer F. Katt has , held' devices ,with wireless con: barely aged, andremainsourchieth . nectioris"and maihl~me ;ccess:· ' . ·/ 'It is also ·ci~a'r that·ihe ~on~-, telligence officer (see ,Page 77) . ' , ' -f PC Week readers are stilltrying to mental changes that occurred.over connect to mainframes, butnotp · the last decade.will be·dwarfed by changes in the years ahead. It is our marilyforterminal. .• · · · connectivity is no, Job at PC Week to reflect. those tralizing fo~ · chang~s in our weekly co~erage,'and puting sit ,, . to highlight the pro?uds, tre'nds;­ percent.of Sti:ategies, and companies that will ',' ·,. ii LANsatthei . enable_you to"ri:ake: criti~al te~h- cent of our' r •nology choices, ,.,_ F'·' , and they are 'we look fo;,;.;:nfto serving' you ; for another decade. 1 · :.- , ' PC WEEK SPECIAL REPORT• FEBRUARY 28, 1994 By John Dodge , . In 1985, IBM had expansion slots, enough n termtof important events, the came down wjth a , memory ( lM byte standard; ex­ · ,last 10 years ani,lil be evenly split , nasty co.Id, which,., pandable to BM bytes.) to run betweenlBM arid);Jicrosoft Corp .. • by 1987,had wors- <''. th,e Mac GUI half de~erit!y, · IBM r:ulidihe first five; Microsoft . , eried into the flu. anda hard disk built in. We took over in.the.last five. Appl£' ' When, in-1992, it reported a $5 bil- could h'ave arioi,ntedjan'. 'Computerl11c., Compaq Computer lion fiscal loss, the patient entered · 24, 1984-the day The Ma:c ICorp:; LotusDevewpment Corp., Intel the ICU with .a new team of doc- was introduced~as the Corp., arulNovellinc.' allenjuyed t}0r tors. Let's look back at the origins most important Mac moments in the sun, but-the time line •ofIBM's poor health. , . date. But the ori~al IS notched ~s/ly f7J IBM arul Microsoft Blinded by 1984's record profits, Macintosh was over- milestones. · I~M brass over the next two years . priced and underpow-· Recurri7!g themes were the progms­ rightfully believed c~tomers want- ered, much like its · si!lely fast.er pace oftechnow{fj, con- , ed to tie their·disparate systems ugly predecessor, stantly droppingprices, arul the eru1 of together, but wrot!gly coI;1cluded the Lisa. IBM mainfrarr,,e tyran?IY· .Seven-figur~ · that tJle only important computers The SE and · computers 'have-{argely gone away, re, brandished the Big Blue placard. Mac II made the ,P,/aced f7J small~;' fheaper,faster:RISG · , IBM not only-ignored, but flaunt- Mac viable in in- arul X8f>.bdsedPCs, 'workstations, arul ed ifs disdain for open standards, formation-sysq!m:s \~ ' servers,' aUrou_tinely networked. ,, · such,as the PC AT architecture it in: .. , c:lepartments ai;id it began. Here are /{ie'/iey-events, trends, arul tro\iuced iii.Au gust 1984. The com- .making appe.:µ-ances in corporate peopk_ofthepast IOye~rs. · · pany's arrogance was symbolized by America. The IS drive culminated the Micro_Channef architectµre, ,. • in 1992, when PowerBooks Who knows what the biJs technologyfor the new six- achieved a 20 percent share of the Don Estridg~ member PS/ 2 family rolled out on· portables market. Many executives would have April 2, 1987. OS/ 2wasunwrapped . gave up'their X86 notebooks for ., accompJished or , that same fateful day. Micro Chan- ·_ the jazzy PowerBooks . ----- where he would nel architecture was billed as a ,Apple's IS drive has since · have ended i:i'.p, had he not tragic­ "four-lane highway" <;:ompared to fizzled, but with PowerPC Macs ally died with his wife in'an August the PC AT's two.lanes. arrjving ne:<t month, 1994 should 198_5 jetline{ crash?Withl)ut a · . Reviledfor strbng:arming users . prove to be a crucial year in Ap- ' ' doubt, 'it wouldn't have been wi'th ( ' . 'int<;> buying a new standard that ob, pie's rolkr-co~ter existence. , . • 1 ~ ·~.ry IBM " . ;,· . ' .· soleted AT add-in.cards, IBM never · B~d th; Bjg_B)ue hierar~hy a . ·~- won wide support (gr the.¥icro . ,Novell may Jack clue to the directio9 of computing Channel. T~e following Septem- , the sturm urui in 1985,Estfidgi:wouldn'thave ber, it acknowledged defeat by drangof a Mi- been shunted from IBM's red-hot launching the PS/ 2 Mqdel 30-286, crosoft/ IBM feud, PC unit to an irrelevant manufac­ an ISA-based PC (what the.AT stan- but NetWare, with turingjob. He ·wo4ld have helped dard became once IBM relin- 20 million,users, is the · to mold whatIBMshouldhave be­ quished it). ISA ancfits superset, undisputed stan- ccime-atleast, that's what we'd EISA, are still going strong, <lard networking ' like to think would have happened. OS/ 2 also got off to a roc½y start.- operating system . As·a 22-year IBM veteran, . Standard Edition 1.0 ship~c! in · The proprietary Estridge that March quietly accept­ December 1987 amid a spike in S-Net hardware server ed hi& new position and was'not . RAM prices and a'.subsequent. arrived in 1983, be- heard from_agaii:i until.he m,et his .' shortage. Ruinors that IBM would coming Advanced Net- untimely end._J\lmostalfof his. col-. corner the ',\7orld's,RAM supply and· Ware'l.0i_n 198S.:,..:the ., leagi,ies from the g_lory day~,ht: the ,·· · give it to rteedyOS/ 2 pistomers lle~orlfoperating sys- E.ntry Systems,Division are now turned out to be.untrue. Even:ifit tern file server was born. gone from IBM', ' 9ad, there werevirtually no appli- Aavanced NetWare 2.0, ,. Estridge 's accomplishments cations for OS/ 2, and its touted came the following ye.u-, within IBM's smothering atmos­ GUI, the Prese'ritation Manager, growing in pow,;r a»d pliere ofthi: early '80swere noth­ was nowhere il) sight. popularity with nothing ing short of remarkable. He Inl987,IBM'sVietnamwasa initsway._ · · ramrodded the-PC. throµgh IBM's , OJ?-e-page state!llent announcing With Net- notoriously slow and rigid manage­ SAA (SystemsApplicationArchitec-- . Ware 3.0 ment'committee,.delivering it on ture):Although never surewhy_it . (a.k.a.-Net- . tirpeAugi l2, l'9SL Not content to .. was doing,SAA, IBM poured a ton of: Ware 386, de­ rest with that, he then built a-$5 bil­ res<iurces into it. SAA has since been livered•in. lion,bµsiness tha~, by the time he ·' abandoned and replaced.by individ- . August ' was "promoted," accounted for ,o ' ual stf\ltegies.. _. , , ''.. .":, · . · .1989) and percent ofIBM!s sales. The rest is . SAA and.Micro.Channel constl' · '• NetWate hjstol:y. _· , : , . tuted two egregious strategic. er- . 4.0 (d¢liv- What colle;igues remember most rors. Thejuryjs still out on OS/ 2. ered in about hin1 was h,is energy.and un­ ~ In April 1993, an outsider, Louis April flagging OIJtimism. in the f!1ce of set­ Gerstner,·took the helm from the · 1993), -- backsi Dan Wilke, who worked for (alleh)olin Akers. In terms of em- Novell · him, summed up D0n Estridge as ployment,IBMis;nowhalfthesize . has follows in a 1989 interview in it was,wh~n it caught the.co!d, , PC/Computing magazine: "With , Don, ifyoU: tripped or fell, you In early March didn't worry about somebody 1,987,Apple shootingyoi; in_the kneecaps. He'd Computer in­ tell you to ·get up,,b,ush yourself troduced the off, and _keep 6!1, running. It made · $2,769MacSE ,, . you want to climb mountains fo,r arid the $3,699 Mac II.', the guy.'\ ,4 · F0r the first tiine, the Macintosh , a,;,;,.a~--~...... ~---L.11,.a.-;..a ...:~' -I. ,,, ' 1, ' ,,.' . FEBRUARY 28, 1994 • PC WEEK SPECIAL REPORT A DECADE OF COMPUTING 71 moved into the enterprise. exceeding the wildest projections. launched Compaq in February fending its rich X86 turf, IBM want­ The geniuses behind NetWare's As the saying goes, Windows was in 1982 with a 30-pound arm-wrench­ ing to pilfer some of it.
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  • INDUSTRY LEADERS INVEST in CALDERA SYSTEMS, INC. Sun

    INDUSTRY LEADERS INVEST in CALDERA SYSTEMS, INC. Sun

    INDUSTRY LEADERS INVEST IN CALDERA SYSTEMS, INC. Sun, Citrix, Novell, SCO, Egan-Managed Capital and Chicago Venture PartnersTake Equity Positions in Linux Company. Submitted by: Archetype (Text100) Tuesday, 11 January 2000 OREM, UT - January 10, 2000 - Caldera Systems, Inc., today announced that it will receive $30 million in private equity financing from technology and investment leaders including: * Sun Microsystems, Inc. * Citrix * Novell * SCO * Chicago Venture Partners * Egan-Managed Capital Caldera Systems will use the capital provided by these investors to fund operations and accelerate the growth and acceptance of Linux. "We are encouraged by the support of these technology leaders - which we take as an endorsement of the Linux industry as a whole and the Open Source movement in particular - and we look forward to their strategic counsel," said Ransom Love, President and CEO of Caldera Systems, Inc. "Given our strategic goal of enabling access to any application on any platform with any device, an investment in a Linux company such as Caldera makes perfect sense," according to John Cunningham, Citrix Chief Financial Officer. "Sun's investment in Caldera is a testament to our support of Open computing," said Jonathan Schwartz, vice president of Sun's Equity Investment Portfolio. "We're the leading provider of UNIX server systems and a longtime supporter and supplier of Open Source technologies," said Mike Orr, senior vice president of Marketing, SCO. "We look forward to furthering the relationship with Caldera by working together on initiatives that bring Linux and UNIX closer together." "Novell is the broadest supplier of Net infrastructure software," said Carl Ledbetter, Novell senior vice president for business and corporate development.