23. RADIOLARIA FROM THE NORTH PACIFIC, DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT, LEG 32
Helen P. Foreman, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio
CONTENTS Introduction 579 Ranges of Radiolaria 594 Presentation of results 579 List of events with Tables 9 and 10 594 Radiolaria from each Site 580 Explanation of correlation and Radiolaria from Site 303 with Table 1 580 range charts with Figures 3, 4, and 5 607 Radiolaria from Site 304 with Table 2 581 Systematic Section 607 Radiolaria from Site 305 with Table 3 581 Cretaceous 607 Radiolaria from Site 306 with Table 4 583 Cenozoic 618 Radiolaria from Site 307 with Table 5 584 Acknowledgments 622 Radiolaria from Site 310 with Tables 6 and 585 References 622 Radiolaria from Site 313 with Table 8 585 Explanation of Plates with Synchronopticon 625 Radiolarian Zones 586 Plates 1A-1D, 1F-1H, and 2C-2L; and Cretaceous zonation with Figure 1 586 other Plates 3-9. Early Eocene zonation 591 Index 674 Neogene zonation with Figure 2 591
INTRODUCTION PRESENTATION OF RESULTS Radiolaria were recovered from 7 of the 10 sites in- As stated above, the main body of this chapter con- vestigated on DSDP Leg 32. Their localities are as cerns the Cretaceous Radiolaria. With the exception of follows: the Late Cretaceous Radiolaria at Site 313, the Cre- Site 303—40°48.50'N, 154°27.07'E; water depth 5609 taceous Radiolaria selected for study have been de- meters. scribed, tabulated at each site, their upper and lower Site 304—39°20.27'N, 155°04.19'E; water depth 5630 limits arranged in an events list, and their ranges pre- meters. sented in a chart. A synchronopticon comprising 17 Site 305—32°OO.13'N, 157°51.00'E; water depth 2903 plates illustrates in horizontal rows species which co- meters. occur, and in vertical rows species ranges and evolu- Site 306—31°52.02'N, 157°28.71'E; water depth 3399 tionary relationships. meters. For the Paleogene and Neogene Radiolaria, only a Site 307—28°35.26'N, 161°00.28'E; water depth 5696 few species have been described. In general, the meters. Systematic Section gives only references to papers where Site 310—36°52.11'N, 176°54.09'E; water depth 3516 the species mentioned are fully described or which con- meters. tain more complete synonymies. For the Paleogene at Site 313—20°10.52'N, 17O°57.15'W; water depth Site 313, selected species are tabulated, and a list of 3484 meters. events compares the Leg 32 sequence with that found on Sites 305 and 306 were drilled on the Shatsky Rise, Leg 10 in the Gulf of Mexico. For the Neogene, the Site 310 on Hess Rise, and Site 313 in a basin of the Radiolaria in the long sequence at Site 310 have been Mid-Pacific mountains. The remaining sites, 303, 304, tabulated. A range chart presents these results. and 307, were drilled at abyssal depths. Unless otherwise stated, ranges are considered to be Radiolaria were recovered in significant amounts as morphological. follows: Early Cretaceous, Sites 303-307; Late In the Systematic Section families are arranged alpha- Cretaceous, Site 303, 307, 310, and 313; Paleogene, Site betically within the orders Spumellaria and Nassellaria 313; Neogene, Sites 303-306 and 310. and species are arranged alphabetically under each fami- The long sequences of Cretaceous Radiolaria fre- ly. This order is maintained on the tabulation tables. quently co-occurring with calcareous fossils are of con- For a variety of reasons (paucity of forms, unreliability siderable significance, and the main body of this report of information, etc.), some of these species are not in- concerns these Cretaceous occurrences. cluded on the range charts where the species are ar- Also investigated but with less detail are the early ranged according to age. In order to facilitate finding a Eocene Radiolaria at Site 313 and the Neogene oc- species on these charts and to indicate when they have currences, with particular emphasis on the long se- been omitted, the species have been numbered con- quence at Site 310. secutively on the range charts and these numbers are
579 H. P. FOREMAN
given, along with the descriptions, in the Systematic Sec- below the range of the Hays (1970) zonation for the tion and in the list of events. North Pacific and the age determination is made on the The following abbreviations are used on the tables basis of the Riedel and Sanfilippo (1971) equatorial which record the relative abundance and the quality of zonation: Core 3 is late Miocene, {Stichocorys peregrina preservation of the Radiolaria in each sample: A, abun- Zone) and Core 4 is mid-Miocene (Cannartus petters- dant; C, common; F, few; and R, rare; G, good; M, sonii Zone). moderate; and P, poor. The abundances for individual species are indicated as Cretaceous follows: Samples of both pelagic clay and chert were exam- For the Cenozoic, where there are generally more ined. In general, the Radiolaria are better preserved in recognizable species on a slide: C, common, more than the chert and, unless otherwise stated, age assignments 29 specimens on a slide; F, few, 10-29 specimens; R, 3-9 have been made from these samples. specimens; +, 1-2 specimens; , a single isolated Radiolaria were recovered from Core 5 in Hole 303 specimen. and Cores 1A-8A in Hole 303A, and age assignments For the Cretaceous, where preservation is such that are made on the basis of correlations with radiolarian there are frequently fewer individuals and among them events in Holes 305 and 306 which have calcareous fossil fewer recognizable forms than in the Cenozoic: C, com- control (see Figure 1). No other siliceous fossils were mon, more than 19 specimens on a slide; F, few, 6-19 observed. specimens; R, 2-5 specimens; +, one specimen on a Cores 5 and 1A at depths of 211-220 meters, and Core number of slides; , a single isolated specimen. For the 2A at 220-229 meters, contain few poorly to moderately synchronopticon, lower-case letters define the same rela- preserved Radiolaria which are considered to be Ceno- tive abundances. manian or late Albian, and late Albian, respectively. All belong to the Dictyomitra somphedia Zone. Cores 3A (229-238 m) with few, poorly preserved Radiolaria, and RADIOLARIA FROM EACH SITE 4A (238-247 m) with common, moderately preserved Radiolaria from Site 303 with Table 1 Radiolaria, are Albian, and Aptian or Barremian, and are assigned to the Acaeniotyle umbilicata Zone. An Neogene abrupt change in the fauna from Cores 4A to 5A marks Only siliceous fossils are present in Cores 1-4 the transition to the Eucyrtis tenuis Zone. The remaining recovered from Site 303. Radiolaria are common and Cores 6A to 8A all belong to this zone. Cores 5A (247- well-preserved in all of them. 257 m) with common poorly preserved and 6A (257-266 Core 1, at a depth of 0-12 meters below the sediment m) with common moderately preserved Radiolaria are surface, is late Quaternary (Artostrobium tumidulum Aptian to Barremian and Aptian to Barremian or Hau- Zone). Core 2, at a depth of 62-71 meters, is early terivian, respectively. Cores 7A (266-275 m) and 8A Pliocene (Sphaeropyle langii Zone). Cores 3 and 4, at (275-284 m) contain a fauna similar to but sparser and depths of 117-126 and 173-182 meters, respectively, are more poorly preserved than that in Core 6A.
TABLE 1 Occurrence and Abundance of Cretaceous Radiolaria at Site 303 21 41 19 1 43 31 16 28 26 39 38 3 36 12 18 53 42 5 51 59 64 52 62 54 27 67 17 40 4
O t3 ^ o I O K •S "I II K Si •2 ~ O ^
SJ «U
3 61 Rl p C C ao. ao. s s ^ <>? I a co co D. somph 5,CC - - CRO - - 2A,CC A. umbil. 3A,CC 4A, CC 5A.CC + C - - + E. tenuis 6A-1, 98-100 C M F F F - C 7A,CC F P R + R R C 8A, CC* RPR R + C
Note: * Absences have not been reported from Sample 8A, CC because of the poor preservation and paucity of forms. O Suspected downward contamination.
580 RADIOLARIA
Radiolaria from Site 304 with Table 2 respectively. Cores 5 and 6 belong to the Acaeniotyle umbilicata Zone and Cores 7-9 to the Eucyrtis tenuis Neogene Zone. Radiolaria are common and well preserved in Core 1. A well-preserved fauna is present in Samples 8-1, 130- Core 2 contains only fish teeth, except for a sample of 132 cm (pelagic clay) and 9-1, 101-103 cm (mudstone) moderate yellowish-brown pelagic clay (Core 2, Section with only a few elements in common with the radio- 1, 80-82 cm) probably representing cavings from up- larian fauna recovered from the chert. It resembles very hole, which contained common well-preserved much the fauna described by Tan Sin Hok (1927) from Radiolaria. No calcareous fossils are present in the the island of Roti and is considered contemporaneous Neogene section recovered from Hole 304. with the Radiolaria in the cherts, the only difference be- Core 1, at a depth of 106-115 meters below the sedi- ing the result of diversity in preservation. ment surface, is late Miocene (Stichocorys langii Zone) and the cavings of Core 2, at a depth of 216 meters, are Radiolaria from Site 305 with Table 3 mid-Miocene {Cannartus petterssonii Zone). Neogene Cretaceous Well-preserved Radiolaria are present in all of the five No siliceous fossils other than Radiolaria were Neogene cores recovered. They are common in Cores 1- recovered from samples of pelagic clay, mudstone, and 4 and rare in Core 5. chert in Cores 3-15. In general, the samples of mudstone The diagnostic fossils used by Hays (1970) in his zona- contain common, well-preserved Radiolaria. Abun- tion of the North Pacific are either missing or only rare- dance of Radiolaria in the cherts varies from common to ly present, and thus his zonation can be only tentatively very rare and preservation varies from moderate to very applied here. The Artostrobium tumidulum Zone is pre- poor. No consistent pattern of abundance or preserva- sent in Core 1 through Section 3 and the remainder of tion in relation to the color of the chert could be dis- the core may possibly be attributed to the Axoprunum cerned. Cores 12-15 contain calcareous fossils in the angelinum Zone, both of Pleistocene age. Core 2, Section lower part of the hole. Radiolaria in these cores are rare 2 is Pleistocene (Eucyrtidium matuyamai Zone) and to very rare, and poor to very poorly preserved, except Sample 2, CC is from the late Lamprocyrtis heteroporos in Core 13, for which the recovery was very poor, and in Zone. Cores 3, 4, and 5, Section 1 are early Pliocene to which Radiolaria are entirely absent. late Miocene (Sphaeropyle langii Zone) and Core 5, Sec- The age assignments for the Radiolaria are based on tion 3 is late Miocene (Stichocorys peregrina Zone). correlations with the Radiolaria in Holes 305 and 306. Core 3, at a depth of 235-244 meters, is late Albian Cretaceous (Dictyomitra somphedia Zone). Core 4 (244-253 m) is Al- Preservation of the Radiolaria is consistently better in bian to Aptian (Acaeniotyle umbilicata Zone). Cores 5-7, the calcareous sediment samples than in the cherts. This at depths of 253-281 meters, are considered to be Aptian is in contrast to Sites 303 and 304 where the Radiolaria to Barremian, and Cores 8-9 (281-299 m) Aptian to are consistently better preserved in the cherts. In the Barremian and Barremian to Hauterivian-Valanginian, calcareous samples of Cores 44-47 Radiolaria are few to
TABLE 1 -- Continued 24 35 10 49 44
.3g 1 •H iJl! •Si §
•fc t « | b 3 3 tS tS ^ Trochodiscus exaspina £ Theocampe salillum S J Syringocapsa limatum £ Sethocapsa trachyostraca ü Holocryptocanium barbui ti Zhamoidellum ornatum (? ) £ Sethocapsa leiostraca
R R R F R
- * ? _ R R R + R R R R C R R + R R • R ? + F R I R R R+ Θ
581 RADIOLARIAN ZONATION FORAMINIFERAL NANNOFOSSIL ZONATION ZONATION FOREMAN LUTERBACHER BUKRY MOORE, 1973 FOREMAN, 1973 PESSAGNO, in preparation RIEDEL&SANFILLIPO, 1974 Leg 32 Leg 32 Leg 32 AGE ZONE AGE ASSEMBLAGE AGE ZONE AGE ZONE AGE ZONE ZONE ZONE
approx. Theocapsorma Maest. corny s
Camp. approx. Amphxpyrulaj. Camp. enesseffi
A. gallouayi approx. Artostr>obi Alieviun Camp.- Artostrob•iu Interval with Coniac. Rotalipora br>otzeni, praegallowayi ; approx. Sphaer ostylm Val. E. Cret. Sethoσapsa Val. ' Sphaer o stylus cetia or Cretarhabdus lanceola L. Jur. assemblage Berr. lanaeola arenulatuβ Berr.. Nannoconuβ colomi. Figure 1. Relation of Leg 32 Cretaceous radiolarian zones to earlier proposed radiolarian zones and to the corresponding foraminiferal and nannofossil zones presented in this report. RADIOLARIA TABLE 2 Occuireπce and Abundance of Cretaceous Radiolaria at Site 304 21 41 19 1 43 31 16 28 26 39 38 3 36 12 18 53 42 57 51 59 64 52 62 54 27 67 17 40 4 Species 1 2 2 •2 "C t\ C<* *- ff* ^3 t~; If •Is o 53 P -SJ < -§ § S •S S 11 fs S 1 1 Sample 1 ^ O 3 (Interval a, jc i I co ü (in cm) Co St ~ somph. 3,CC C M 4, CC C M 5-1, 140-141 F P R - A. umbil. 6, CC R P R - - - R 7-1, 145-147 C P R + + R R - - - R E. tenuis 8-1, 130-132 C M R + - C - - F 9-1, 148-150 C M R - - + F TABLE 2- Continued 46 61 58 25 65 56 60 63 45 29 13 14 20 6 55 60 30 50 48 24 35 10 49 44 8 34 7 15 37 2 5 9 32 23 11 22 47 33 • hirsuta aensis u cephala H. capita mo -2 munL dia ayi a onica 'mula aff . P. ptera nda arguer >p . in c ilatata iphia barbui tum ( ' C K imcos macro a "traca δ d CO •dd s •2 -§ sa (? ) rotu ium tina ssa (? ) pe ium urna tocanium halus spp . pe mediod a tricola a amphitre scus exaspi gallowayi praegallow lophacus p ) gen . an d oe salillum ~>capsa con tra alievi tra apiariu) tra boesii tra carpatU tra cosmoc tra koslova tra (? ) lacr tra somph t nicropora 'enuis 'as tytthop a (?) polyl a tetracola a triacanth sa (? ) orca ipsa limatu •> tocapsa s p ellum oma tra duodec tra pseudo sa cetia S sa trachyo a, b u I 1•S Sethocap Syringoa Trochodi Sethocap Sethocap Theocam Sethocap Stichocap Podocaps Lithomel Dibolach) Podoburs Podoburs Spyrid ( ? Lithocam Podoburs Podoburs Dictyomi Eucyrtis) Eucyrtis Alievium Diacantht Dictyomi Dictyomi Dictyomi Dictyomi Dictyomi Dictyomi Dictyomi Alievium Alievium Pseudoau Artostrob Dictyomi Dictyomi Artostrob a. c + _ _ _ + R F • - - - R - + - - + • - - + - . R ------R + F - - - - - R • + C R F + R - -R R - + - F R F + - R R + F R - R common and poorly preserved. They are few to abun- Radiolaria from Site 306 with Table 4 dant and moderately well preserved in Cores 49-52, 58- This site was drilled to continue the sequence of con- 61, and 63-66. Chert samples from Core 17, 19, 21, 22, tinuous coring at Site 305. All the cores recovered are of 33, 35, and 38 contained no Radiolaria. Cores 31, 32, 34, Mesozoic age, except the first which is a mixture of 41, 42, 44, 53-57 contained very rare to few, very poorly sediments of Neogene and Cretaceous age. to poorly preserved Radiolaria, and Cores 39 and 49, Radiolaria are few and poorly preserved in Cores 2-4, common, very poorly preserved Radiolaria. common and moderately to poorly preserved in Cores 5- Radiolaria in Cores 31 and 32, at a depth of 280-298.5 14, and few and poorly preserved in Cores 16-19. meters, are considered to be Santonian-Campanian in Radiolarian abundance and preservation are very rare age. Radiolaria in Core 46 (428.5-438 m) belong to the and very poorly preserved in Cores 20 through 39, with Dictyomitra somphedia Zone; Cores 50-52 (466-494 m) the exception of Core 21 where they are few and and Cores 58-59 (541-560 m), Cores 60-61 (560-579 m), moderate. Core 40 has Radiolaria which are common and Cores 63-64 (588-607 m) belong to the Acaeniotyle and moderately preserved; in Core 41 they are abundant umbilicata Zone. Radiolaria in Cores 65 and 66 (607-626 and moderately preserved, and in Core 42 they are few m) are assigned to the Eucyrtis tenuis Zone. and moderately preserved. 583 H. P. FOREMAN TABLE J Occurrence and Abundance of Cretaceous Radiolaria at Site 305 \ 21 41 19 1 43 31 16 28 26 39 38 3 36 12 18 53 42 57 51 59 64 52 62 54 27 67 17 40 4 CO \ Species 5-1 co to 0 3 53 des JC cu s •S ε o rei "π U o I -ε •Sá \ . T. echoi amphidia pposiden icranacan eta s (? ) yaoi i bilicata nceola g r 'ptempor * F nianum arinatus s nzonalis ariabilis s (? ) eidai s horridu. shueyi s hueyi g i s (?) moo s (? ) prec s squinab s (? ) spp . o Radiolaria n Zo "S j M Sample \ a sp . A sphaera sp . thodrcus t thodrcus v •2 •~ 59-1, 100-102 F P R + 60-1, 138-140 C M R _ + + - R s 1 61-1, 145-147 C P R _ + R - _ - 63-1, 100-102 C M R - + ------R - - 63, CC C M R _ + _ _ + + R R R - 64-1, 148-150 c M R F R _ _ _ _ + + + R R - _ • 65-1, 108-110 M R R + _ _ F _ _ + + ______E. tenuis c 66-1, 100-102 c M R + R - • C - + + + - - + - - R - + Samples of the hard flint-like chert were prepared nary age. Fish teeth are common in this sample and in from the core catchers of Cores 28, 30, and 32 through the core catcher. 35. As at Site 305, they contained only very rare, very Radiolaria from the Mesozoic cores are few to com- poorly preserved, unidentifiable Radiolaria. Generally mon in abundance and moderate to poor in preservation only recrystallized fragments were recovered. in both chert and soft sediment samples from Cores 2 to Cores 2-4 (9.5-47 m) belong to the Dictyomitra som- 9. The core catcher of Core 6 consists only of small chips phedia Zone. Cores 5 through 12 (47-160.5 m) belong to of chert and Porcellanite. Three different lithologies the Acaeniotyle umbilicata Zone and contain a fauna were sampled: light gray chert, dark brown chert, and which with further study may prove to be related to light reddish-brown Porcellanite. The light reddish- some of the forms described by Aliev (1965) from the brown sample contains the oldest fauna and is con- late Early Cretaceous of Azerbaidzhan. Cores 14-19 sidered to be the most likely to be in situ. The other two (217-271 m) belong to the Eucyrtis tenuis Zone, and samples both contain a fauna younger than that found Core 21 (281-290 m) to the Sethocapsa trachyostraca in Core 5. Chert in Cores 10, 11, and 13, and a mudstone Zone. The Radiolaria in Cores 20, and 22 to 39 are too sample from Core 12 contain only rare to few, poorly poor to give an age assignment. Cores 40-42 are below preserved Radiolaria. the oldest core (195B-2, CC) of DSDP Leg 20 which In Core 2 (37.5-47 m) saturnalin rings and Tripo- could be dated on the basis of nannofossils and which is sphaeridae similar to those of 310A-18 suggest that these considered to be Valanginian-early Hauterivian in age. cores may be contemporaneous, so Core 2 is thus con- The fauna in Cores 40 and 42 is very similar to the next- sidered to be early Cenomanian or late Albian {Dictyo- older core recovered from Leg 20 (196-5). It had no co- mitra somphedia Zone). Cores 3-4 (56-85 m), of late Al- occurring calcareous fossils and, on the basis of the bian and Albian age, belong to the Dictyomitra som- Radiolaria, was considered to be Neocomian-?Late phedia and A caeniotyle umbilicata Zones, respectively. A Jurassic in age. This fauna is now considered to be distinct change in the fauna between Cores 4 and 5, with Valanginian-Berriasian on the basis of the associated the last occurrence of Sphaerostylus lanceola and Dictyo- nannofossils in Cores 40-42 and is assigned to the mitra (?) lacrimula in Core 5, marks the transition from Sphaerostylus lanceola Zone. the Acaeniotyle umbilicata Zone to the Eucyrtis tenuis Zone. Core 5 (103-112 m) is considered to be Aptian to Barremian, and Core 6 and 7 (121-167 m) Barremian to Radiolaria from Site 307 with Table 5 Hauterivian or Valanginian. All three are assigned to Radiolaria are present in all of the cores recovered. the Eucyrtis tenuis Zone. Core 8 (195-204 m) is also The only Neogene sample was from the top of Core 1 Barremian to Hauterivian or Valanginian, and Core 9 where about 50 cm of soupy, very liquid brown pelagic (232-241 m) is Valanginian. Both are assigned to the clay was washed to recover some very rare, well-pre- Sethocapsa trachyostraca Zone. Cores 10-12 (270-307 m) served, mostly nondiagnostic Cenozoic Radiolaria. One are Valanginian to Berriasian {Sphaerostylus lanceola specimen of Spongaster tetras tetras suggests a Quater- Zone). 584 RADIOLARIA TABLE 3 - Continued 46 61 58 25 65 56 60 63 45 29 13 14 20 6 55 66 30 50 48 24 35 10 49 44 8 34 7 15 37 2 5 9 32 23 11 22 47 33 3 2 C 0 o 8• cola rotu o anth •s s o• a. S S δ δ δ ü ^-^ .3 .a is § >-. s s hras rsa t rsa I δ δ δ δ δ δ I1 o o o o o o o I 9 ^ 3 3 3 q q q q q q q q q q 1*5 1 1 + F - R - R R C F C C R - F F + R _ _ _ _ + Radiolaria from Site 310 with Tables 6 and 7 Cores 8A, 10A, 16A, and 17A, common and poorly preserved in Cores 11A through 13A, very rare and very Neogene poorly preserved in Core 14A, and few and poor in Core 18A. Radiolaria from Hole 310 are common and their Radiolaria in Cores 8A-13A (231-287 m) are assigned preservation is good in Cores 1 through 6, and few and to the Artostrobium urna Zone and in Cores 16A-18A good in Cores 7 to 9 through Section 4. Radiolaria are (306-353 m) to the Dictyomitra somphedia Zone. not present in Section 5 through the core catcher of Core 9. Radiolaria from Site 313 with Table 8 In Core 1 through Section 2 the latest Quaternary (Ar- tostrobium tumidulum Zone, 0 to 0.4 m.y.) was recog- Cenozoic nized. Core 1, Section 3 to Core 2, Section 4 is assigned Radiolaria are present only in Cores 1, 2,9, 12, and 13 to the Pleistocene Axoprunum angelinum Zone, and Core of the Cenozoic section. They are well preserved and 3 is early Pleistocene (Eucyrtidium matuyamai Zone, 9 to common to abundant in all of these cores except Core 1, 1.8 m.y.). Core 4 through Core 5, Section 1 is assigned to where they are rare. the late Pliocene Lamprocyrtis heteroporos Zone, (2 to Core 1 (0-8 m) contains a mixed Quaternary-Pliocene 2.7 m.y.) and Core 5, Section 2 through Core 7, Section assemblage. Radiolaria in Core 2 (35-45 m) are of late 3 to the Sphaeropyle langii Zone which ranges from the early Miocene age {Calocycletta costata Zone). How- early Pliocene to the late Miocene. Core 7, Section 5, ever, this same core is considered to be of middle Mio- through Core 8, Section 4, is considered to be late cene age on the basis of the associated foraminifera and Miocene {Stichocorys peregrina Zone). Core 8, Section 5 nannofossils. In Core 9 the Radiolaria belong to the up- is in the Ommatartus penultimus Zone and Cores 8, Sec- per part of the Buryella clinata Zone, and are considered tion 6 through 9, Section 1 are considered to belong to to be late early Eocene. Cores 12 and 13 (205-223 m) the Ommatartus antepenultimus Zone. The absence of O. contain Radiolaria belonging to the Bekoma bidarfensis antepenultimus and Cannartus laticonus from Core 9, Zone, both early Eocene. Sections 2-4 makes a zonal assignment uncertain. Details of this zonation are given in Figure 2. Cretaceous Radiolaria are not present in Cores 15 to 19, except Cretaceous for some very poorly preserved and very rare specimens Radiolaria are absent in all of the Cretaceous cores of in Core 15. They are also missing in Cores 24, 33 Hole 310. They were recovered from the cuttings in through 36, and Sample 40-2, 99-101 cm. They are rare some of the core-catcher samples of Hole 310A. They to few in Cores 20 through 23, 25 through 27, 30 are common to few and moderately well preserved in through 32, and 37 through 42. 585 H. P. FOREMAN TABLE 4 Occurrence and Abundance of Cretaceous Radiolaria at Site 306 21 41 19 1 43 31 16 28 26 39 \ Species §• « 8 1 2 2 1 bp S 111 1 to U S •I ^ δ á ^t* 3 ^* ^ O* •2 •2 2 "§. ^ Sample \ δ δ g S ^j Qj ^j Q >-" Radiolaria n Zone s (Interval \ ijfll Abundanc e Triactoma hybum £ Triactoma tithonianum Preservatio n Crucella cachensis σ \ Spongosaturnalis (? ) eidalimus Q Spongosaturnalis horridus ^ Spongosaturnalis hueyi ^ Spongosaturnalis hueyi grou p £ Spongosaturnalis (? ) ichikawai £ g Spongosaturnalis (? ) yaoi w > Spongosaturnalis (? ) spp . t o Spongosaturnalis (? ) moorei σ s Spongosaturnalis (? ) preclarus < Λ Spongosaturnalis squinaboli σ \ Paronaella (? ) hipposidericus • ^ Emiluvia chica Acanthocircus dicranacanthos £ Acanthocircus trizonalis £ Acanthocircus variabilis Paronaella (? ) diamphidia • Acanthocircus carinatus s.s. ^ in cm) \ ^ ^ "^ O Q Q to to ^ k w D. som- 2, CCa F P phedia 3, CCa F P 4,CCa F P a 5, CC C P R - - R 6, CC C M + - R F 7, CC C P + — — 8-1, 15-17 C M R 8-1, 138-140 C M - - + R - - R 9-1, 130-132 C M - 9, CC C M otyle umbilicata 10-1, 124-125 C G F - R F - - R R - - 11, CC C M - - R F - - R R R + - R Acaeni 12-1, 60-62 C M R - - F - - R C + - F 12-1, 144-146 C M R + R R - - + 14, CC C M F - R - C - R R F + - + + - C Eucyrtis 16, CC F P F tenuis 17, CC F P F 18, CC F P R • 19, CC F P R S. track 21b F M R - R 1 40-1, 119-121 C M C - - - - + - F R 41-1, 126-128 C M C R R • 42-1, 105-107 F G F 42-1, 116-118 F S. lanceola C M + + F C F + + Samples are winnowed so that light material, such as saturnalin rings which one would expect to be present, are missing. Small forms may be lacking due to sieving, therefore absences have not been recorded. The poorly preserved Radiolaria of Cores 20 through dicates by hachures or blank spaces the areas of uncer- 23 (336-409 m) and 30 through 32 (466-494 m) are at- tainty. Although in the sites considered for the zonation tributed to the late Late Cretaceous and the moderately scheme of Leg 32 no material younger than Santonian to well-preserved Radiolaria of Cores 25 through 27 was used, the subsequent zones of Moore (1973) and (419-447 m) and 37 through 41 (532-578 m) to the Cam- Riedel and Sanfilippo (1974) are included to indicate panian. The poorly preserved Radiolaria of Core 42 their relationship to each other. Among the levels deter- (578-588 m) are considered to be Late Cretaceous. Cores mined by Moore, his RK3/RK4 boundary may ap- 26, 38, 39, and 41 may be assigned to the Amphipyndax proximate that of Acaeniotyle umbilicata/Dictyomitra enesseffi Zone. No tabulations were made for Radio- somphedia boundary of Foreman (this chapter). Other laria from the Late Cretaceous of Hole 313. apparent firm points are the base of the RK6 Zone and the RK6/RK7 boundary, both of which fall within the Artostrobium urna Zone. Indeed, the base of the RK6 RADIOLARIAN ZONES Zone may be approximately synchronous with the base of the Alievium gallowayi Zone of Pessagno (in prep- Cretaceous Zonation with Figure 1 aration). Three zonal schemes and one series of informal Of the Late Cretaceous zones proposed by Pessagno, assemblages have been proposed in the past 2 years for only the Alievium gallowayi and A. praegallowayi zones Radiolaria in part of, or the whole Cretaceous. Figure 1 could be recognized. They apparently fall within the presents these schemes in historical perspective with the Artostrobium urna Zone. The zonal marker species oldest at the left side of the page and the more recent below the A. praegallowayi Zone were not identified, ones progressing in order to the right. It was not possi- which may be due to the fauna on which that zonation is ble to recognize all the proposed zones and the figure in- based developing under different ecological conditions. 586 RADIOLARIA TABLE 4- Continued 46 61 58 25 65 24 35 10 49 44 37 2 5 9 3223 11 22 47 33 •S i 3 s § '1 1 1 SJ j j | j j •g. •-. ! £- s ? 1 ^j •« •^ "S; çs to o H "δ o 1 -g 1 e | 1 I 1 It "δ § a. § ^ S § g s s 1 i 11 i to to 11 ~ =s ε ε ε § •t; > o K h Illli >*. ^ O O ^ Hui O _s .3 .3 O >S >>£ •s: •s; -s; Theocampe salillum < * Spyrid (? ) gen . an d sp indet Mill Artostrobium tina <£ Artostrobium urna g Diacanthocapsa communis £ Dictyomitra alievi N > Dictyomitra apiarium £ Dictyomitra boesii £ Dictyomitra carpatica (? ) g Dictyomitra cosmoconica ^ Dictyomitra duodecimcostata Q Dictyomitra koslovae g } Stichocapsa (? ) rotunda Podobursa (? ) polylophia Dictyomitra (? ) lacrimula g Dictyomitra pseudomacrocephala g Dictyomitra somphedia £ tq ty >5 i^ δ^ Podobursa tetracola ^ o | || g Dibolachras tytthopora £ Podobursa triacantha £ a^ a, co co co S ^ ΛI ^ « - R • R R - R - R F . R i i + 1 I + T ? ? - R R + ? R + - R 1 + J O I 1 i 1 l R R - C * C c C + F i + i ii n j o T i c C + - - R - R R - F • - - C ? R R ? + + R - - - F R - - ? R FRF R ? F F R - R • R F - - R R R + • R R • R C • R R R F F F F F + F R R R The three informal assemblages proposed by Fore- in just what order they do actually first appear. Litho- man (1973) approximate the first three zones proposed melissa (?) petila may even have a slightly earlier first by Riedel and Sanfilippo (1974). However, with the appearance. D. somphedia was selected as the marker longer, more complete sequence from DSDP Leg 17, fossil for this zone because of its large distinctive form Site 167 with which they worked, they could select some and because it appeared to be the most widespread and more suitable zonal marker species and thus their names common of these four species, appearing most frequent- are used here. An exception is the new Sethocapsa ly both in the Leg 20 and the Leg 32 material studied. trachyostraca Zone which replaces the Staurosphaera The relation of foraminiferal and nannofossil zones to septemporata Zone. Its base is defined by the first the radiolarian zones are given in the last two columns appearance of Sethocapsa trachyostraca. This is at a of Figure 3. The correlation is made on the basis of lower level than the first appearance of Staurosphaera material presented by Bukry and Luterbacher in other septemporata and thus lowers the top of the Sphaero- chapters of this volume. stylus lanceola Zone. The Cretaceous zones used are defined as follows: Two other new zones, A caeniotyle umbilicata and Dic- Artostrobium urna Zone Riedel and Sanfilippo (1974) tyomitra somphedia, are introduced to divide the long in- The base is defined by the earliest morphotypic terval between the Eucyrtis tenuis and Artostrobium urna appearance of A rtostrobium urna. zones. The base of the Dictyomitra somphedia Zone, Dictyomitra somphedia Zone Foreman, new zone which is defined by that form's first appearance, may be The base is defined by the first morphological approximately synchronous with the base of Moore's appearance of Dictyomitra somphedia. This may, in RK.4 Zone, which is defined by the first appearance of more southern latitudes, be approximately synchronous Dictyomitra pseudomacrocephala. It may also ap- with the first appearance of Dictyomitra veneta. proximate the first appearances of Dictyomitra veneta The upper limit is defined by the first morphotypic and Lithomelissa (?) petila. However, their occurrences appearance of Artostrobium urna. Included are the last are so spotty and rare that it is not possible to determine occurrences of Platycryphalus spp. aff. P. hirsuta, Dic- 587 H. P. FOREMAN TABLE 5 Occurrence and Abundance of Cretaceous Radiolaria at Site 307 \ 41 19 1 43 31 16 28 26 39 38 3 36 12 18 53 42 57 51 59 64 52 62 54 27 67 17 40 4 \ Species \ On S3 0 3 a δ Ü H I M CO \ echiod 1 3 1 uinabo w phidia cata 'ola gr o zmporal tatus s.s macant malis ibilis orridus xeyi ' ) yaoi ' ) spp . osideric Io St w O -s: -s: fc eta dei -S3 IO a. j? % §: Sample \ Radiolaria n 1 (Interval \ Crucella cachen. Triactoma echio Triactoma hybu Triactoma tithoi Spongosaturnali Spongosaturnali Spongosaturnali Spongosaturnali Paronaella (? ) A i Emiluvia chica Abundanc e Triactoma sp . c f Spongosaturnali Spongosaturnali Spongosaturnali Spongosaturnali Spongosa turnali Paronaella (? ) di Spongosaturnali Preservatio n Cenosphaera sp . Sphaerostylus la Staurosphaera se Acanthocircus d Acanthocircus ft Acanthocircus v Dicroa sp . A Dicroa periosa Acanthocircus c in cm) \ Acaeniotyle diap Acaeniotyle heli Acaeniotyle umi o 2, CC R M ______R _ D. somph. 3-1, 126-128 C P - - - + - - - - - F A. umbil 1 4, CC C P ------(R) - - - - - F pa (•) E. tenuis 5, CC F R 6, CC C M R + R _ _ C + R _ + R _ _ R _ _ 7-1, 75-77 C M F + R _ R C + R + R R + F + R + _ 8, CC C M p F p r p F F P S. trach- 9-1, 80-82 C M R _ R c F R _ _ _ _ F F + R _ yostraca 10-1, 119-120 F P + R _ c _ _ P. + _ F -o2 10-1, 142-144 F P c - R + R - F sçej 11-1, 102-104^ R P R 12-1, 120-122b R P R R + + R Except one small sample of ash sediment with rare good Radiolaria. Absences are not recorded because of the poor preservation and poverty of forms. (_) Suspected downward contamination. tyomitra pseudomacrocephala, D. somphedia, and Litho- chronous with the extinction of Dibolachras tytthopora, melissa (?) petila, and the first appearances of Spongo- Sethocapsa (?) orca, Zhamoidellum ornatum (?), A caenio- saturnalis (?) predarus, S. (?) eidalimus, and S. (?) yaoi. tyle helicta, and Dictyomitra (?) lacrimula. Acaeniotyle umbilicata Zone Foreman, new zone The upper limit is defined by the first morphological The base is defined by the extinction of the Sphaero- appearance of Dictyomitra somphedia. Included are the stylus lanceola group, which may be approximately syn- last occurrence of Dictyomitra periosa, the first ap- TABLE6 Occurrence and Abundance of Cretaceous Radiolaria at Site 310 21 41 19 1 4331 16 28 26 39 38 3 36 12 18 53 42 57 51 59 64 52 62 54 27 67 17 40 4 Species Fs δ a, P O 3 II tn tn c 588 RADIOLARIA TABLE 5 - Continued 46 61 58 25 6< 56 60 63 45 29 13 14 20 55 66 30 50 Ai 24 35 10 49 8 34 1 15 37 2 5 c 3: 23 11 22 4' 33 S -S sis suta | se ft •h α> g -s: •S2 (? ) petila (? ) lacrimula boesii cosmoconica carpatica (? ) duodecimcos koslovae somphedia alievi apiarium mediodilatatc pseudomacro (? ) rotunda ropora tytthopora hacus pargue) mphitreptera lowayi s exaspina legallowayi n tina n urna salillum psa commum 'M S spp . aff P. ? ) polylophia etracola riacantha ricola cetia (? ) orca trachyostraca a limatum capsa spp . cf im ornatum ( ;n . an d sp in leiostraca ionium barbu á S δ δ I r r odiscu crypto trobiw campe trobiw achras omitra omitra omitra omitra nthoca omitra omitra omitra omitra omitra omitra gocaps ?ampe tis mic tis ten crypha ocapsa bursa ( bursa t bursa t capsa a •>capsa )capsa >capsa loidelh a ->capsa 3 3 § 3 1 & ù -Ti 0 •g •g •JS δ & è• boi cty cty cty cty iev aca ich o •1 8 5 icy πin -S; SJ 1 1 1 K q q q q q q q q q Sj CO q «; CO CO CO co' ft! N - - - - - F R R - R ------(+) R - - - + - F R R - R F - R - - + - • F F R + - - R R + - F - - R R + + + + F _ F C R _ _ _ F _ F R - - + + - + - R F R + F R F R + R _ R _ _F + + - - R - R F F - - F • - R R R R _ R R _ F + - - F - F + R - - - R + - - - + - - - - : + + + R R pearances of Platycryphalus spp. aff. P. hirsuta and Di- Eucyrtis tenuis from Eucyrtis micropora. In more acanthocapsa communis, and the last occurrence of southerly latitudes it may well be that this distinction Acaeniotyle umbilicata and A. diaphorogona. can be more easily made. Eucyrtis tenuis Zone Riedel and Sanfilippo (1974) The base is here defined by the first appearance of emend. Foreman Dibolachras tytthopora. This is believed to be approxi- This zonal name continues to be used to cover ap- mately synchronous with or slightly earlier than the first proximately the same interval as indicated by Riedel and appearance of Eucyrtis tenuis, and with the first Sanfilippo (1974). Only the definition of the base is appearance of large well-developed specimens of Dictyo- altered because of the rarity of and the difficulty in con- mitra (?) lacrimula. The upper limit is defined by the last fidently distinguishing the original basal marker species occurrence of members of the Sphaerostylus lanceola TABLE 6 - Continued 46 61 58 25 65 56 60 63 45 29 13 14 20 6 55 66 30 50 48 24 35 10 49 44 8 34 7 15 37 2 5 9 32 23 11 22 47 33 S 3 T3 ε I -2 « δ d .3 δ δ 2 α C ε o "§ •S 3 a a, •3 ~ *3 ~» li ina 3 a. •5? 55 KS o i §I 1a 'o§ a. ss S1 c II •8 5 ε 9 •l ‰> 5J ^ S δ 53 11II c a. o II 60 o o δ S δ δ δ δ •I •§ ^ ^ o o o o o 8 I δ -SJ -SJ -SJ I! & ^ ^ ^ q q q q q q q q q q K q R - + R C C F C RFC C - - R F - - F C R - + R ? R R ? R - 589 H. P. FOREMAN TABLE 7 Occurrence and Abundance of Neogene Radiolaria at Site 310 590 RADIOLARIA group, which may be approximately synchronous with AGF RADIOLARIA FORAMINIFERA NANNOFOSSILS Foreman Vincent Bukry the last occurrences of Dibolachras tytthopora, Sethocap- sa (?) orca, and Zhamoidellum ornatum (?). Thus it ap- LU + •z. Emiliania pears that the total range of D. tytthopora may span the LU C_> Artostrobium huxleyi range of this zone. " O LU |— tumidulum and Included are the last occurrences of Acanthocircus c_> oo o >-< Gephyrocapsa dicranacanthos, Sethocapsa trachyostraca, and Stauro- O_J —LIU oceamca sphaera septemporata, and the first appearance of 31 Q. Acaeniotyle helicta. Sethocapsa trachyostraca Zone Foreman, new zone Axoprunum The base is defined by the first appearance of Setho- angelinum N22-N23 capsa trachyostraca and the upper limit by the first oc- currence of Dibolachras tytthopora. Included are the first Gephyrocapsa EN E appearances of Stauro-sphaera septemporata, Dicroa sp. o oceamca A, and Sethocapsa (?) orca, and the last occurrence of h- 00 Dictyomitra cosmoconica. LU It may be that this zone can be divided into two zones, α_ Eucyrtidium matuyamai the first based on the earliest appearance of Sethocapsa G~ephyrocapsa trachyostraca and the second on the earliest appearance caribbeanica of Staurosphaera septemporata. This step is not now ?Emiliania annula taken because of the uncertainty concerning the time in- '///// Emiliania terval between the earliest appearance of these two ////// annula forms. Lamprocyrtis Y///////A Sphaerostylus lanceola Zone Riedel and Sanfilippo heteroporos N21 Discoaster (1974) emend. Foreman LU pentaradiatus The base continues to be defined by the first z evolutionary appearance of Sphaerostylus lanceola 11(_>1 y///////// Discoaster (Riedel and Sanfilippo, 1974). The top, however, is _l Ml Q tamalis lowered and is defined by the first appearance of Setho- Q_ Svhaeropule capsa trachyostraca. langii to ///////f/ / N19-N20 Ceratolithus rugosus Early Eocene Zonation C. acutus Only three radiolarian-bearing cores were recovered from the early Eocene: Core 313-9 (Buryella clinata Zone) and Cores 313-12 and 13 (Bekoma bidarfensis Stichocorys Ceratolithus Zone). peregrvna prvmus Buryella clinata Zone Foreman, 1973a, emend. The base continues to be defined as the earliest evolutionary appearance of Buryella clinata. Only its LU ancestor is changed. The evolutionary progression ex- LU tends from Pterocodon (?) anteclinata to Buryella clinata O O Ommatartus Discoaster rather than as stated earlier from Buryella tetradica to B. SL penultimus berggrenii clinata. The top continues to be defined by the earliest 111 N15-N17 evolutionary appearance of Phormocyrtis striata striata. (— et _l Bekoma bidarfensis Zone Foreman, 1973a ?D.berggrenii The definition of this zone can be amplified to include near its top the first morphological appearance of Theo- Ommatartus campe urceolus. The base continues to be defined by the antepenul- earliest morphotypic appearance of Bekoma bidarfensis timus Discoaster and the top by the earliest evolutionary appearance of neohamatus Buryella clinata. , Neogene Zonation with Figure 2 Previous zones for the Neogene proposed by Hays C_) Discoaster (1970) for the Pliocene-Pleistocene of the North Pacific, o hamatus and Riedel and Sanfilippo (1970, 1971) for the late M.M I Miocene of the equatorial Pacific, have been used. The post-Miocene zones of Riedel and Sanfilippo for the equatorial Pacific could not be recognized. The species Figure 2. Relation of Neogene radiolarian zones to the fora- used by Nigrini (1971) in her zonation of the Quaternary miniferal and nannofossil zones presented in this report. of the equatorial Pacific were looked for, but with the 591 TABLE 8 Occurrence and Abundance of Early Eocene Radiolaria at Site 313 RADIOLARIA CORES LEG 32 303 304 305 306 307 310A LEG 20 303 304 305 306 307310A N CORES Sant. to L. Turon. 5,1 A J] Late E. Ceno, Albian Late or Albian Late L. Alb. Albian L. early Albian Albian early Albian E. Alb. L. Apt. L. Apt. Aptian Aptian E. Apt. E. Apt. Haut. or Val. Haut. E. Haut. or or Val. Val. 195B- 1CC to 2CC E. Haut, or L. Val. löi* Val. or Berr. 196- 5CC 'Cores 41, 26 and 30 contain no Radiolaria but are included because they This figure may be compared to Figure 4. The top are used to correlate (Core 41), and to indicate the lower limits of the of Core 8 in Hole 310A corresponds to the top of Barremian or Hauterivian (Core 26) and the Valanginian (Core 30). the Range Chart, Figure 4. Figure 3. Correlation of Cretaceous cores based on radiolarian and foraminiferal events with age assignments according to foraminifera and nannofossils. exception of Theocorythium trachelium trachelium and The Neogene Zones are defined as follows: Theocorythium vetulum, were either not found or oc- Artostrobium tumidulum Zone Hays, 1970 curred too sporadically to attempt a correlation with The base is defined by the presence of Artostrobium Hays (1970) zones for the North Pacific. tumidulum subsequent to the extinction of Axoprunum To accommodate the interval between the late angelinum. This zone extends to the top of Recent Miocene-early Pliocene, the Stichocorys peregrina Zone sediments. and the earliest zone of Hays (Lamprocyrtis heteroporos Axoprunum angelinum Zone Hays, 1970 Zone), a new zone for the North Pacific, the Sphaero- This zone is defined by the range of Axoprunum pyle langii Zone, has been introduced. This zone ap- angelinum subsequent to the extinction of Eucyrtidium proximates the range of the Spongaster pentas Zone in matuyamai. Its base may also be coincident with the last more southern latitudes. occurrence of Theocorythium vetulum. 593 H. P. FOREMAN Eucyrtidium matuyamai Zone Hays, 1970, lines. The resulting areas of uncertainty between zone emend. Foreman boundaries are represented by hachured lines on the In the material examined the last occurrence of Lam- range chart. procyrtis heteroporos was about midway in the range of The events are indicated as occurring between the pair Eucyrtidium matuyamai, well above the Pliocene-Pleisto- of cores where the species is present and the first subse- cene boundary, and thus the definition of the Zone is quent core where the species was not observed. Num- amended to include the complete evolutionary range of bers in parentheses below the core numbers indicate the E. matuyamai only, regardless of the last occurrence of depth below the sea floor in meters for each core. In the Lamprocyrtis heteroporos. Included are the last oc- left-hand column the species name is accompanied by a currence of Sphaeropyle robusta and the first "T" for top, last occurrence, or a "B" for base, first appearances of Spongaster tetras irregularis and Lam- appearance. The number in this column is the consecu- procyrtis haysi. tive running number for the species as it appears on the Lamprocyrtis heteroporos Zone Hays, 1970, range chart. emend. Foreman Events at the top above the last sample and at the base The base is defined by the occurrence of Lampro- below the last sample are arbitrarily arranged as there is cyrtis heteroporos subsequent to the extinction of Sticho- no information in this report that would indicate their corys peregrina and the top by the first evolutionary order. Similarly, events in the body of the chart which appearance of Eucyrtidium matuyamai. correlate across between the same sets of core pairs are Sphaeropyle langii Zone Foreman, new zone also arbitrarily arranged. The base is defined by the first morphological In Hole 306 Samples 16, CC through 20, CC contain appearance of Sphaeropyle langii and the top by the base only a few poorly preserved or no Radiolaria, and 21, of the Lamprocyrtis heteroporos Zone. The first morpho- CC was oversieved, so absences of small forms from that logical appearance of Lamprocyrtis heteroporos is in- sample are not reliable. Therefore, because it might be cluded in this zone. The range of this zone approximates misleading, absences have not been recorded from these that of the Spongaster pentas Zone of the equatorial levels. Pacific. For species which have their first observed occurrence Stichocorys peregrina Zone Riedel and Sanfilippo, in one of these samples, the base is considered to fall 1970, emend. Foreman between that sample and the next lower sample with The base is defined by the earliest evolutionary common moderately well-preserved Radiolaria (i.e., 40- appearance of Stichocorys peregrina and the top by the 1, 119-121). Conversely, for species which have their last base of the Sphaeropyle langii Zone. The top of this zone occurrence in Sample 40-1, 119-121, the top is con- is redefined for the North Pacific where the Spongaster sidered to fall between that sample and the next higher pentas Zone cannot be recognized. one with common moderately well-preserved Radiolaria Ommatartus penultimus Zone Riedel and (i.e., either 21, CC if it is a large form or 14, CC if it is Sanfilippo, 1970 small or frequently recognized only from a fragment). The base is defined by the earliest evolutionary In the same manner a list of events (Table 10) has appearance of Ommatartus penultimus and the top by been made for the early Eocene section sampled at Site the base of the Stichocorys peregrina Zone. 313. Because of the time limits in preparing this report, Ommatartus antepenult imus Zone Riedel and only selected early Eocene Radiolaria from Cores 9, 12, Sanfilippo, 1970 and 13 were tabulated and arranged in this events list. It The base is defined by the earliest evolutionary compares the events of DSDP Leg 32 with the events in appearance of Ommatartus ante penultimus and the top the same time span in Leg 10. Unfortunately, in Leg 32 by the base of the O. penultimus Zone. many of these events fall in the unsampled interval between Cores 9 and 12. All the events which fall within RANGES OF RADIOLARIA or above Core 9 except the base of Theocorys anaclasta occur at an earlier level in the material from Leg 10, in- List of Events with Tables 9 and 10 dicating some large discrepancies which cannot be The list of events (Table 9) for the Cretaceous has resolved until more comparative material is available. been constructed from the information in Tables 1-6. The events occurring in Cores 12, 13, and below Core This list gives, in order from youngest to oldest, the last 13 indicate that Cores 12 and 13 are high in the interval occurrence and the first appearance for most of the between Samples 94-31, CC and 94-32, CC of Leg 10, species considered here at Sites 303-307 and 310. Thus, thus representing an interval late in the Bekoma bidarf- the list serves to correlate in detail between sites, and in- ensis Zone. deed the information compiled here has been used to In the Leg 10 material the rather large time interval make the Cretaceous correlation chart (Figure 1). A few between Cores 94-31 and 94-32 made it appear that the species have been omitted from the list of events because ancestor of Buryella clinata would be Buryella tetradica. their occurrence was so rare or considered so unreliable Now that material from this interval is available in that listing them would have been misleading. If all were Cores 313-12 and 313-13 it is apparent that the ancestor perfect, lines drawn between sites for each event would of Buryella clinata is not Buryella tetradica but rather a progress evenly across in parallel rows. However, vari- new species related to Pterocodon (?) ampla (?), de- able conditions at each site, and probably unrecognized scribed and named Pterocodon (?) anteclinata in this reworking and caving result in the crossing of many chapter. The evolutionary change from P. (?) anteclinata 594 TABLE 9 List of Events for the Cretaceous of the North Pacific from DSDP Leg 32 Site Site Site Site Site Site Zones Events 303 304 305 306 307 310 T64 Spongosaturnalis (?) - - - - - Above 8A, CC moorei T54 Spongosaturnalis (?) - - - - - Above 8A, CC yaoi T55 Dictyomitra - - Above 32, CC - - Above 8A, CC I duodecimcostata T66 Dictyomitra - - - - - Above 8A, CC koslovae T59 Artostrobium - - - - - Above 8A, CC urna T60 Artostrobium - - - - - Above 8 A, CC tina T63 Theocampe - - - - - Above 8A, CC salillum T65 Pseudoaulophacus - - - - - Above 8A, CC pargueraensis T67 Crucella - - - - - Above 8A, CC cachensis T61 y4//eviM/n - - Above 32, CC - - Above 8A, CC galloway i T51 4,CC-5,CC 2, CC-3, CC l,CC-3-l Spongosaturnalis (183-211) (219-235) - - (8-58) Above 8A, CC hueyigroup G P G T21 4, CC-5, CC 2, CC-3, CC 52, CC-58, CC 4,CC-5,CC 1,CC-2,CC Spongosaturnalis (?) (183-211) (219-235) (485-541) (40-57) (8-40) Above 8A, CC spp. G G P P G B67 8A,CC-10A,CC Crucella - - - - - (71-90) cachensis G urna B66 8A, CC-10A, CC Dictyomitra - - - - - (71-90) Artostrobium koslovae G i Artostrobium urna Aliβvium Pseudoaulophacus praegallowayi pargueraensis Spongosaturnalis (?) Spongosaturnalis ichikawai hueyi Spongosaturnalis squinaboli T57 T58 Spongosaturnalis (?) Spongosaturnalis (?) T56 T61 B65 eidalimus T53 Alievium gallowayi salillum B64 squinaboli Spongosaturnalis B61 B63 praegallowayi B61 Theocampe Artostrobium hueyi Spongosaturnalis B58 Spongosaturnalis (?) ichikawai B57 urna B59 preclarus B60 Spongosaturnalis (?) T52 4, CC-5C 4,CC-5,CC (183-211) (183-211) ------G G 2,CC-3,CC (219-235) TABLE 9------P Continued 32, CC-46C (290^29) ------P ------3-1-4, C (58-85) ------P 10A, CC-11AC 1OA,CC-11A, C 1 A,CC-12AC 12A, CC-13A,CC 12A, CC-13AC 13A, CC-16AC 13 A,CC-16AC 13A,CC-16A,CC 13A, CC-16AC 13A,CC-16A, C 13A, CC-16A,CC 8A, CC-lOAC 8A, CC-lOAC 8A, CC-lOAC 8A,CC-10A, C (109-118) (109-118) (118-147) (118-147) (118-147) (118-147) (118-147) (118-147) (71-90) (90-99) (90-99) (71-90) (71-90) (71-90) (99-109) M G M G G G G G G G G M G G G m Dictyomitra somphedia Holocryptocaniu m Platycryphalus spp. Diacanthocapsa Dictyomitra petila Lithomelissa (?) pseudomacrocephala Dictyomitra hueyi group somphedia Spongosa turnalis barbui pseudomacrocephala communis exaspina TAI Dictyomitra Dictyomitra T45 B48 B49 B50 B51 T46 aff. Phirsuta T44 somphedia preclarus T50 eidalimus Spongosaturnalis (?) Spongosaturnalis (?) Trochodiscus T48 B53 B52 Artostrobium duodecimcostata Dictyomitra petila Lithomelissa (?) T49 B55 tina B56 2A, CC-3AC 2A, CC-3AC 2A, CC-3AC 2A, CC-3AC 2A, CC-3AC 2A, CC-3AC 1A,CC-2A, C 1A, CC-2A,CC 1A, CC-2AC 1A, CC-2AC 5, CC-2AC 5, CC-2AC (220-229) (220-229) (220-229) (211-220) (211-220) (220-229) (220-229) (211-220) (220-229) (211-220) (211-220) (211-220) 4,CC-5,CC (183-211) - - G G M G G P G G G G G G M 3, CC-4C 2, CC-3C 2, CC-3C 2, CC-3C 3, CC-4C (219-235) (235-244) (219-235) (219-235) (235-244) (253-272) 5-1-7-1 ------G G G G G P 46, CC-50C• 46, CC-50C 46, CC-50C 46, CC-50C 51,CC-52, C 32, CC-46;C 32, CC-46C 32, CC-46C 32, CC-46C 32, CC-46C (476-485) (290-429) (429-466) (429-466) (429-466) (290-429) (290-429) (429-466) (290-429) (290-429) - - - - - P M G G G G G G P G 4, CC-5C 4,CC-5,CC 5,CC-6, C 3, CC-4C 3, CC-4C 2, CC-3,C l.CC-2, C l.CC-2, C l,CC-2, C 3, CC-4C (19-40) (40-57) (10-19) (57-78) (40-57) (19-40) (19-40) (9-10) (9-10) (9-10) - - - - - G P G G M P G G G P l,CC-3-l 3-1 -4,C 3-1-4, C 3-1 -4,C 3-1 -4,C 3-1 -4,C l.CC-3-1 (58-85) (58-85) (58-85) (58-85) (58-85) (8-58) - - - - (8-58) - - - - P G G M M P G Below 17A,C Below 17A,C Below 17A,C Below 17A,C 16A.CC-17A, C 16A, CC-17AC 16A, CC-17AC (147-156) (147-156) (147-156) ------G G M //// //// Acaeniotyle umbilicata Acanthocircus Platycryphalus spp. Diacanthocapsa Acaeniotyle periosa Dicroa Eucyrtis periosa Dicroa Acaeniotyle umbilicata Dictyomitra Spongosaturnalis Eucyrtis T35 aff. Phirsuta communis T45 T43 carpatica (?) diaphorogona horridus T42 trizonalis T18 micropora T24 tenuis B44 T19 T20 Holocryptocanium echiodes T26 B43 T21 exaspina T25 T39 barbui cf. rechiodes Triactoma B46 B47 Trochodiscus spp. Triactoma sp. 4A, CC-5AC 4A, CC-5AC 4A, CC-5AC 4A, CC-5AC 4A, CC-5AC 4A, CC-5AC 3A, CC-4AC 3A, CC-4AC 3A, CC-4AC 3A, CC-4AC 2A, CC-3AC 3A, CC-4AC 1A, CC-2AC 3A, CC-4AC 3A, CC-4AC (229-239) (229-239) (220-229) (229-239) (239-251) (239-251) (239-251) (239-251) (211-220) (229-239) (239-251) (239-251) (220-229) (229-239) (229-239) 1 G G G M G P P G G G P P G G M 4, CC-6C 4, CC-5-1 4, CC-5-1 4, CC-6C 4, CC-5-1 4, CC-5-1 6, CC-7-1 3, CC-4C 5-1 -6,C 5-1 -6,C 5-1 -6,C 5-1 -6,C 5-1 -6,C (244-263) (244-253) (263-272) (253-263) (253-263) (244-253) (253-263) (253-263) (235-244) (244-253) (244-253) (244-268) (253-263) (253-263) (272-282) 5-1 -6,C 7-1 -8- - TABLE 9 M M M P M P P P M M P P P P M - Continued 58.CC-59-1 58, CC-60-1 52, CC-58C 52, CC-58C 52, CC-58C 52, CC-58C 52, CC-58C 63-1 -63,C 63-1-63, C 63-1 -63,C 63-1 -63,C 61-1-63-1 63-1 -63,C 61-1-63-1 60-1-61-1 (541-552) (485-541) (485-541) (541-561) (561-571) (485-541) (485-541) (485-541) (590-591) (571-590) (571-590) (590-591) (590-591) (590-591) (590-591) - G M G M G G G G P G G G G G M 11,CC-12-1 10-1 -12- 10-1-11, C 6, CC-7C 4, CC-5C 5, CC-6C 9, CC-10-1 5, CC-6C 5, CC-6C 9, CC-10-1 9, CC-10-1 5, CC-6C 6, CC-7C Within 8-1 10-1-11, C 10-1- 11,C (135-152) (135-152) (152-172) (135-152) (172-189) (152-172) (152-172) (78-94) (57-78) (57-78) (57-78) (78-94) (57-78) (40-57) (78-94) (113) M G G G M P P G G G G M P P P M 4, CC-5C 4, CC-6C 4, CC-6C 4, CC-6C 4, CC-6C 4, CC-5,CC 4, CC-6C 4, CC-6C 4, CC-6C 5, CC-6C 6, CC-7-1 4, CC-6C (122-158) (103-122) (85-122) (85-122) (85-103) (85-122) (85-122) (85-103) (85-122) (85-122) (85-122) (85-122) - - - - G G G G G P G G G M M G ------o T 38 5 A, CC-6 A-1 7-1 - 8-1 63-1 - 63, CC 10-1- 11, CC 4, CC-6, CC Triactoma (251-257) (272-282) (590-591) (152-172) (85-122) - hybum M G G G M T37 4A, CC-5A, CC 7-1 - 8-1 63, CC-64-1 10-1-11, CC 4, CC-6, CC Podobursa (239-251) (272-282) (591-599) (152-172) (85-122) - tricola G M G G M T40 7-1 - 8-1 63-1-63, CC 6, CC-7-1 Paronaella - (272-282) (590-591) - (122-158) - (?) hipposidericus P G M T 17 10-1-11, CC 6, CC-7-1 Paronaella (?) - - - (152-172) (122-158) - diamphidia G M T31 4A, CC-5A, CC 6, CC-7-1 65-1 - 66-1 10-1-11, CC 6, CC-7-1 Dicroa (239-251) (253-272) (608-618) (152-172) (122-158) - sp. A M M P G M T30 4A, CC-5A, CC 6, CC-7-1 63, CC-64-1 Within 12-1 4, CC - 5, CC Dictyomitra (?) (239-251) (263-272) (591-599) (189) (85-103) - lacrimula G G G G G T41 4A, CC-5A, CC 6, CC-7-1 63, CC-64-1 Within 12-1 4, CC-6, CC Acaeniotyle (239-251) (263-272) (591-599) (189) (85-122) - helicta M M G G M T29 7-1 - 8-1 63, CC-64-1 Within 12-1 4, CC-6, CC Dictyomitra - (272-282) (591-599) (189) (85-122) - alievi M G P M B42 64-1 - 65-1 14, CC-40-1 Spongosa turnalis ? - (599-608) (217-450) - - horridus G M T33 4 A, CC-5 A, CC 7-1 - 8-1 64-1 - 65-1 Within 12-1 4, CC - 6, CC Zhamoidellum (239-251) (272-282) (599-608) (189) (85-103) - ornatum (?) M G M G G T32 4A, CC-5A, CC 7-1 - 8-1 64-1 - 65-1 Within 12-1 4, CC-5, CC Sethocapsa (?) (239-251) (272-282) (599-608) (189) (85-122) - G G G G G T 16 4 A, CC-5 A, CC 6, CC-7-1 64-1-65-1 12-1 -14, CC 4, CC-5, CC Sphaerostylus (239-251) (263-272) (599-608) (189-217) (85-122) - lanceola group G G G G G T34 5 A, CC-6 A-1 7-1 - 8-1 64-1- 65-1 12-1 - 14, CC 4, CC-6, CC Dibolachras (251-257) (272-282) (599-608) (189-217) (85-103) - Itytthopora M G G G G T36 4, CC-6, CC Acanthocircus - - - - (85-122) - carinatus G T15 4A, CC-5A, CC 7-1 - 8-1 65-1 - 66-1 12-1 - 14, CC 4, CC-6, CC Podobursa (239-251) (272-282) (608-618) (189-217) (85-122) - Eucrytis tenuis triacantha G G G G G T28 7-1 - 8-1 4, CC-6, CC Staurosphaera - (272-282) - - (85-122) - septemporata P G TABLE 9 - Continued T 14 4, CC-6, CC Dictyomitra - - - (85-122) - boesii P T23 8-1 - 9-1 12-1- 14, CC 6, CC-7-1 Sethocapsa - (282-290) - (189-217) (122-158) - trachyostraca G G G T 13 12, CC-14, CC 6, CC-7-1 Dictyomitra - - - (191-217) (122-158) - apiarium P G Eucyrtis tenuis T22 6A-1 - 7A, CC 8-1 - 9-1 14, CC - 21, CC 6, CC-7-1 Hemicryptocapsa sp. (267-268) (282-290) - (217-283) (122-158) - aff. H. capita M P P G T 12 8-1 - 9-1 14, CC - 40-1 4, CC-6, CC Acanthocircus - (282-290) - (217-450) (85-122) - dicranacanthos M G P B41 8-1 - 9-1 12-1 - 14, CC 7-1 - 8, CC Acaeniotyle Below 7A, CC (282-290) Below 66-1 (189-217) (158-197) - hilicta G G G B40 8-1 - 9-1 Paronaella (?) - (282-290) Below 66-1 - - - hipposidericus P B 38 6A-1 -7A, CC 14, CC-40-1 7-1 - 8, CC Triactoma (237-268) Below 9-1 Below 66-1 (217-450) (158-197) - hybum P G G B39 14, CC-40-1 7-1 - 8, CC Triactoma sp. Below 7A, CC Below 9-1 Below 66-1 (217-450) (158-197) - cf. r. echiodes G M B 37 14, CC-40-1 7-1 - 8, CC Podobursa Below 7A, CC Below 9-1 Below 66-1 (217-450) (158-197) - tricola G G B36 14, CC-40-1 7-1 -8, CC Acanthocircus - - - (217-450) (158-197) - carinatus G G T 11 14, CC-16, CC 7-1 - 8, CC Syringocapsa - - - (217-235) (158-197) - lima turn M G T 10 14, CC-16, CC 7-1 - 8, CC Lithocampe - - - (217-235) (158-197) - mediodilatata G G B34 16,CC-21,CC 7-1 - 8, CC Dibolachras Below 8A, CC Below 9-1 Below 66-1 (235-283) (158-197) - tythopora M G B35 16, CC-40-1 7-1 - 8, CC Below 8A, CC Below 9-1 Below 66-1 (235-450) (158-197) - tenuis G G B33 19, CC-40-1 7-1 - 8, CC Zhamoidellum Below 8A, CC Below 9-1 Below 66-1 (263-450) (158-197) - f ornatum (?) P G B32 21,CC-40-l 7-1 - 8, CC Sethocapsa (?) Below 8A, CC Below 9-1 Below 66-1 (283-450) (158-197) G T9 7-1 - 8, CC Sethocapsa (158-197) leiostraca G T8 21,CC-40-l 7-1 - 8, CC Stichocapsa (?) (283-450) (158-197) rotunda M T7 21, CC-40-1 7-1 - 8, CC Podobursa (283-450) (158-197) tetracola M G T6 21, CC-40-1 7-1 - 8, CC Dictyomitra (283-450) (158-197) cosmoconica G B31 7-1-8-1 Within 12-1 8, CC-9-1 Dicroa Below 8A, CC (272-282) Below 66-1 (189) (197-233) sp. A M G B29 12-1-14, CC 8, CC-9-1 Dictyomitra Below 9-1 Below 66-1 (189-217) (197-233) alievi P B30 19, CC-40-1 8, CC-9-1 Dictyomitra (?) Below 7A, CC Below 9-1 Below 66-1 (263-450) (197-233) lacrimula M B21 14, CC-16, CC 9-1 - 10-1 Spongosaturnalis (?) Below 7A, CC Below 9-1 Below 66-1 (217-235) (233-271) Below 17 A, CC spp. P M B28 8-1 - 9-1 9-1 - 10-1 Staurosphaera (282-290) (233-271) septemporata M B26 14, CC-40-1 9-1 - 10-1 Triactoma Below 7 A, CC Below 9-1 Below 66-1 (217-450) (233-271) echiodes M B25 16, CC-40-1 9-1 - 10-1 Alievium Below 8A, CC Below 9-1 Below 66-1 (235-450) (233-271) spp. M B23 21, CC-40-1 9-1 - 10-1 Sethocapsa Below 9-1 (283-450) (233-271) trachyostraca G M B24 9-1 - 10-1 Euçyrtis Below 8A, CC Below 9-1 Below 66-1 (233-271) micropora M B22 21, CC-40-1 9-1 - 10-1 > Hemicryptocapsa spp. Below 7 A, CC Below 9-1 (283-450) (233-271) ö cf. //. cαp/ta M M δ r T5 14,CC-21,CC 9-1 - 10-1 > Sethocapsa (217-283) (233-271) cetia M G s TABLE 9 - Continued T4 21,CC^0-l 9-1 - 10-1 Emiluvia - - - (283-450) (233-271) - V chica M G ///A T3 21,CC-40-l 9-1 - 10-1 Triactoma - - - (283-450) (233-271) - tithonianum M G TI 21,CC-40-l Cenosphaera - - - (283-450) - - sp. M T2 21.CC-40-1 lanceola Podocapsa - - - (283^50) - - Spaerostylus amphitreptera M B17 7_1 _ 8, CC Paronaella (?) - - - Below 42-1 (158-197) - diamphidia P B 11 9-1 - 10-1 Syringocapsa - - Below 42-1 (233-271) - limatum P B 19 Below 8A, CC Below 9-1 Below 66-1 Below 42-1 Below 10-1 - umbilicata B21 /Icöemoo>/e Below 8A, CC Below 9-1 Below 66-1 Below 42-1 Below 10-1 - diaphorogona B9 Sethocapsa - - - Below 42-1 Below 10-1 - leiostraca B8 Stichocapsa (?) - - - Below 42-1 Below 10-1 - rotunda B 7 Podobursa - - - Below 42-1 Below 11-1 - tetracola B20 Dictyomitra Below 8A, CC Below 9-1 Below 66-1 Below 42-1 Below 12-1 - carpatica (?) B 15 Podobursa Below 7A, CC Below 9-1 Below 66-1 Below 42-1 Below 12-1 - triacantha B 18 Acanthocircus Below 8A, CC Below 9-1 Below 66-1 Below 42-1 Below 12-1 - trizonalis B 12 Acanthocircus - Below 9-1 - Below 42-1 Below 12-1 - Idicranacanthos B5 Sethocapsa - - - Below 42-1 Below 12-1 - cetia B4 Emiluvia - - - Below 42-1 Below 12-1 - chica B3 Triactoma - - - Below 42-1 Below 12-1 - tithonianum BIO Lithocampe - - - Below 42-1 Below 12-1 - mediodilatata B 13 Dictyomitra - - - Below 42-1 Below 12-1 - apiarium B14 Dictyomitra - - - Below 42-1 Below 12-1 - boesii B6 Dictyomitra - - - Below 42-1 Below 12-1 - cosmoconica I B2 Podocapsa - - - Below 42-1 - - amphitreptera Bl Cenosphaera - - - Below 42-1 - - sp. B 16 Sphaerostylus Below 8A, CC Below 9-1 Below 66-1 Below 42-1 Below 12-1 - lanceola group TABLE 10 Comparison of Early Eocene Events of Leg 32 in the North Pacific with those of Leg 10 in the Gulf of Mexico Zones DSDP Leg 10, Site 94 DSDP Leg 32, Site 313 Zones Phormocyrtis striata exquisita Above 9-1 + P. striata striata T Theocorys acroria Above 9-1 11 T Phormocyrtis cubensis Above 9-1 B Theocorys anaclasta m 28-5 - 28, CC B Theocorys anaclasta 9-1 - 9, CC (538.5-539.5) (187-188) M rye B Lychnocanomma bellum m 9-1 - 9, CC (187-188) B Lophocyrtis biaurita m 9-1 - 9, CC (187-188) Phormocyrtis striata exquisita 28, CC-29, CC -»• P. Striata striata (539.5-551) T Theocorys acroria 28, CC-29, CC (539.5-551) B Rhopalocanium ornatum 28, CC-29, CC B Rhopalocanium ornatum m 9, CC-12-1 (539.5-551) (188-206) M B Thyrsocyrtis hirsuta tensa m-e 28, CC-29, CC B Thyrsocyrtis hirsuta tensa m 9,CC-12-1 (539.5-551) (188-206) M B Theocampe amphora group m 28, CC-29, CC B Theocampe amphora group m 9, CC-12-1 (539.5-551) (188-206) T Giraffospyris lata 29, CC-30-1 T Giraffospyris lata 9, CC-12-1 (551-571.5) (188-206) M T Phormocyrtis cubensis 29, CC-30-1 (551-571.5) G T Buryella tetradica 29, CC-30-1 T Buryella tetradica 9, CC-12-1 (551-571.5) (188-206) 3 T Theocotyle (Theocotylissa) m 30-1 - 30-2 T Theocotyle (Theocotylissa) m 9, CC-12-1 (?) flmbria (571.5-573.5) (l)fimbria (188-206) B Amphipternis clava m 30-2-30, CC (573.5-574) B Phormocyrtis striata m 30-2 - 30, CC B Phormocyrtis striata 9, CC-12-1 striata (573.5-574) striata (188-206) 1 ¥/, Bekiima bidarfensis Buryel la clinata 7, i ficus alpha auctor •>T.(Theocotylissa) alpha •>r.(Theocotylissa) T Pterocodon(?)tenellus T Pterocodon(?)amp/ö B Lychnocanomabellum T Phormocyrtisturgida T Theocorys(?)phyzella Theocotyle (Theocotylissa) Theocotyle (Theocotylissa) B Lophocyrtisbiaurita T Bekomabidarfensis B Buryellaclinata B Theocampeurceolus r. hirsutahirstua Thyrsocyrtis tarsipes* B Theocotyle(Theocotyle) B Lithochytrisarchaea B Lamptoniumpennatum B Theocotyle(Theocotylissa) cryptocephala (?)nigriniae (?) fimbria m m m m m m m m&e m m m m m 30, CC-31,CC 30, CC-31,CC 30, CC-31,CC 30, CC-31,CC 30, CC-31,CC 31,CC-32, C 30, CC-31,CC 30, CC-31,CC 30, CC-31,CC 31,CC-32, C 31.CC-32, C 31,CC-32, C Below 32,C (589-609) 31,CC-32, C 31,CC-32, C 31,CC-32,CC (574-589) (574-589) (574-589) (574-589) (574-589) (574-589) (589-609) (589-609) (589-609) (574-589) (574-589) (589-609) (589-609) (589-609) M M G P G G G G G G G G G G G G 1 j j ficus alpha auctor •>T.(Theocotylissa) alpha •>T.(Theocotylissa) T Pterocodon(?)tenellus T Bekomabidarfensis T Theocorys(?)phyzella Theocotyle (Theocotylissa) T Phormocyrtisturgida Theocotyle (Theocotylissa) T Pterocondon(?)anteclinata B Buryellaclinata B Theocampeurceolus r. hirsutahirstua Thyrsocyrtis tarsipes* B Lithochyrtrisarchaea B Theocotyle(Theocotyle) B Lamptoniumpennatum B Theocotyle(Theocotylissa) * Buryellaclinata cryptocephala (?)nigriniae (?) fimbria m m m m m m m m m m 13-1-13-3 12-1 -3 (206-209) 9, CC-12-1 9, CC-12-1 9, CC-12-1 9, CC-12-1 9, CC-12-1 9, CC-12-1 9, CC-12-1 9, CC-12-1 Below 13,C (215-218) Below 13,C Below 13,C Below 13,C (188-206) (574-589) (188-206) (188-206) (188-206) (188-206) (188-206) (188-206) G G G G G G G G M G G G G G A A A { f i '/a i f //// bi 'koma darfensis 5P 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1112 131415 16 17 18 19 20 212223 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 3132 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 4142 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 505152 53 54 55 56 57 58 59606162 6364 65 66 67 TAXA t» s- o α T3 •ri P• S ta • Albian V///////////////////////////// ''/////////////////A 'XWWXr////////////////77?. 305 (41-68) Early Albian or Late Aptian ACAENIOTYLE UMBILICATA ZONE Early Aptian or Barremian Barremian EUCYRTIS TENUIS ZONE to Hauterivian z / or ? I I i I Valanginian SETHOCAPSA TRACHYOSTRACA ZONE 306 (12-42) Valanginian Valanginian or Bern" as i an ii SPHAEROSTYLUS LANCEOLA ZONE —Berriasian- Early Berriasian II Figure 4. Range chart for Cretaceous radiolaria. RADIOLARIA to B. clinata probably occurs immediately above Core A dashed line indicates uncertainty in the limit of the 313-12 in the interval represented by Core 313-11, from range of a species between two nonadjacent cores in the which only chert fragments in the core catcher were re- same hole, or when there are two equally reliable but covered. slightly conflicting limits for the range of a species from two different holes. Question marks indicate larger con- Explanation of Correlation and Range Charts with flicts of evidence among the holes considered in this Figures 3, 4, and 5 study or from outside reports. The Cretaceous correlation chart (Figure 1) has been The Neogene range chart (Figure 5) has been con- constructed from the information presented in the list of structed from the information i-n the tabulations at Site events (Table 9), and the range chart (Figure 4) con- 310 (Table 7). The scale is based on the depths below the structed from information presented in the list of events sediment surface of Cores 1-9 at that site. A question and the correlation chart. For the Late Cretaceous, mark at the lower end of the range for Theocorythium events in Hole 310A, Cores 8-17 are used, and for the \et\ilum indicates uncertainty concerning its lower limit. Early Cretaceous a composite of events in Holes 303, At the point where the ? occurs, T. vetulwn passes to a 3O3A, 304, 305, 306, and 307 is used. Core 310A-18 has form with an abdomen which is short and more barrel- been correlated with Core 305-41 on the basis of a shaped than conical. (T. sp. aff. T. vetulum, Plate 9, foraminiferal event, and the remainder of the cores in Figure 10.) Hole 305 with those of Hole 306 on the basis of both foraminiferal and radiolarian events. The scale is based on the depths below the sediment surface of cores in SYSTEMATIC SECTION Holes 310A (8-18), 305 (41-64), and 306 (12-42). Radiolarian events in Holes 303A and 304 are used to Cretaceous confirm the events indicated for Holes 305 and 306 and Family ACTINOMMIDAE Haeckel, 1862, rarely, if the information they contain is judged to be emend. Riedel, 1967a more reliable than for the other holes, to establish range lines. In general the Early Cretaceous ranges are based Genus ACAENIOTYLE Foreman on information from Holes 305, 306, and 307. Cores 8, Acaeniotyle Foreman, 1973b, p. 258. 9, 10, 11, and 12 of Hole 307 contain moderate (8 and 9) Acaeniotyle diaphorogona Foreman emend. to poorly preserved (10-12) Radiolaria and poorly (Plate 2F, Figures 1-5; Plate 3, Figures 1, 2) preserved nannoplankton. The Radiolaria in these cores (Range chart number 21) are older than those of Core 306-21 and younger than Acaeniotyle diaphorogona Foreman, 1973b, p. 258, pi. 2, fig. 2-5. those of 306-40. The determination of their position on Acaeniotyle tribulosa Foreman, 1973b, p. 258, pi. 2, fig. 8. the chart between these two cores is somewhat arbitrary, Acaeniotyle sp. aff. A. diaphorogona Foreman, 1973b, pi. 2, fig. 6,7; pi. 16, fig. 16. as there are no or only very poorly preserved Radiolaria Remarks: Acaeniotyle diaphorogona is here emended to include all in the section between the two Site 306 cores mentioned, forms with three spines, regardless of their length or their orientation. and therefore no exact correlation could be made for Some early forms (Plate 2F, Figure 5) have short thorns at the distal this level between the two holes. end of the spines. Rare forms in which the interior could be observed The correlation chart (Figure 1) shows that in the late show a small inner shell. A similar rare form in 310A-13, CC (Plate IF, Figure 1) differs in Cretaceous and late Early Cretaceous the age assign- having fewer, larger, more widely spaced pores. There are no connect- ments based on foraminiferal and nannoplankton data ing forms. agree rather closely. However in the Neocomian, as is the case in other reports, there is less agreement, with Acaeniotyle helicta Foreman, new species (Plate 2E, Figures 12, 13; Plate 3, Figure 5) the nannoplankton data consistently presenting an age (Range chart number 41) approximately one stage older than the foraminiferal Acaeniotyle umbilicata (Rust) in Foreman, 1973b, p. 258. data. Because no value judgments can be made, the Description: Shell as for Acaeniotyle umbilicata, differing only in complete ranges given for both the foraminifera and the the spines, one or both of which are twisted, and its size which is at the nannoplankton are used in assigning ages to the cor- small end of the size range for A. umbilicata. responding cores with only Radiolaria. Therefore, as ex- Measurements (based on 10 specimens from 3O3A-6-1, 98-100; 305- plained below, some rather long ranges result for the 64-1, 118-120; and 307-7-1, 75-77). Length overall, 330-515µ, of long spine 125-215µ, of short spine 100-145µ; diameter of shell in plane of radiolarian-bearing cores of Neocomian age. polar spines 105-155µ. On the basis of the nannofossils in this report and the Etymology: From the Greek adjective heliktos, twisted. Leg 20 Report, Cores 8 and 9 of Hole 307 would be assigned to the Hauterivian-Valanginian interval. How- Acaeniotyle umbilicata (Rust) (Plate 2E, Figures 14-17; Plate 3, Figure 3) ever, foraminiferal data give a Barremian-Hauterivian (Range chart number 19) age for this same interval, resulting in the rather extend- Xiphosphaera umbilicata Rust, 1898, p. 7, pi. 1, fig. 9. ed time ranges of Barremian to Hauterivian or Valangi- Xiphosphaera tuberosa Tan Sin Hok, 1927, p. 35, pi. 5, fig. 8. nian for these two cores in the Sethocapsa trachyostraca Spumellariinid, Pessagno, 1969, p. 610, pi. 4, fig. N. Zone and also for the cores in the next higher mid- to Acaeniotyle umbilicata (Rust) in Foreman, 1973b, p. 258, pi. 1, fig. 13, lower Eucyrtis tenuis Zone. Cores 10-12 have affinities 14, 16. with the fauna in Site 306, Cores 40-42, and are con- Remarks: One specimen was observed which showed a small spherical inner shell, attached by six radial beams to the outer shell. sidered to fall in the Valanginian or Berriasian range es- Similar forms observed from the Late Cretaceous in other material tablished on the basis of nannofossils for the cores in differ in having fewer, larger, more widely spaced pores. There are no Hole 306 immediately above Cores 41 and 42. connecting forms. 607 Figure 5. Range chart for Neogene radiolaria from Site 310. RADIOLARIA Acaeniotyle sp. aff. A. umbilicata RUst Remarks: This species differs from D. periosa only in the marked (Plate 2E, Figure 18) difference in size. It is not named, pending a more detailed description Acaeniotyle sp. aff. A. umbilicata Rust in Foreman, 1973b, pi. 1, fig. based on more complete specimens. Generally only the distinctive 15. forked spines were observed. It occurs consistently in strata older than Remarks: It seems useful to separate from Acaeniotyle umbilicata that in which D. periosa is found and may be considered the ancestor some exceptionally large forms with long, very sturdy spines (Fore- of that form. man, 1973b, p. 258) and with an apparent restricted range. As these large forms have not been tabulated, their presence in samples from Genus SPHAEROSTYLUS Haeckel 303A-4, CC; 305-65-1, 108-110; and 306-10-1, 124-125 and 11, CC, is Sphaerostylus Haeckel, 1881, p. 451. Foreman, 1973b. indicated here. Sphaerostylus lanceola (Parona) group Genus CENOSPHAERA Ehrenberg (Plate 2E, Figures 3-6) Cenosphaera Ehrenberg, 1854a, p. 237. (Range chart number 16) Type species (by monotypy) Cenosphaera plutonis Ehrenberg, 1854. Sphaerostylus lanceola (Parona) group in Foreman, 1973b, p. 258, pi. 1, fig.7-11 . Cenosphaera sp. Sphaerostylus lanceola (Parona) Riedel and Sanfilippo, 1974, pi. 1, fig. (Plate 3, Figure 4) 1-3. (Range chart number 1) Stylatractus ovatus Hinde in Moore, 1973, p. 823, pi. 2, fig. 1. [?] Conocaryomma (?) magnimamma (Rust) in Pessagno, 1973, p. 154, Remarks: Forms with one spine twisted (Plate 2E, Figure 3) have a 155, fig. 5, 6. rather restricted range. It may be useful to separate them from this Remarks: The few specimens that have been observed show that the group. nodose surface is formed by a series of ridges on the surface of the spherical shell which are raised at the point where they join to form Genus STAUROSPHAERA Haeckel uniform, evenly distributed nodes. Short cylindrical spines extend Staurosphaera Haeckel, 1881, p. 450. Foreman, 1973b, p. 259. from the apex of at least some of the nodes. Pores are rounded, very irregular in size and shape. Staurosphaera septemporata Parona (Plate 2E, Figure 7; Plate 3, Figure 6) DICROA Foreman, new genus (Range chart number 28) Type species: Dicroa periosa Foreman, new species. Staurosphaera septemporata Parona in Foreman, 1973b, p. 259, pi. 3, Definition: A spherical or elliptical shell bearing two or three bifur- fig. 4. Moore, 1973, p. 824, pi. 2, fig. 2. Riedel and Sanfilippo, cated polar spines. 1974, pi. 1, fig. 6-8. Remarks: Species belonging to this genus are known from the late Early Cretaceous of DSDP Leg 32, North Pacific, and from the early Genus STAUROSPHAERETTA Squinabol Santonian of Trinidad. Etymology: The generic name is from the Greek feminine noun Staurosphaeretta Squinabol, 1904, p. 192. dikroa, fork. Type species (by monotypy) Staurosphaera hindei Squinabol, 1904. Dicroa periosa Foreman, new species Staurosphaeretta hindei (Squinabol) (Plate 2E, Figure 8; Plate 3, Figure 8) (Plate IF, Figure 2; Plate 2F, Figure 8) (Range chart number 43) Staurosphaera hindei Squinabol, 1904, p. 191, pi. 3, fig. 3. Description: The shell is elliptical to circular and bears two ap- proximately equal, sturdy, three-bladed spines which bifurcate. The Genus TRIACTOMA Rust shell appears to be spongy internally, overlain by a meshwork of large, Triactoma Riist, 1885. Foreman, 1973b, p. 259. regular, angular pores. Some specimens are preserved with only the spongy part of the shell remaining and others with only the meshwork Triactoma echiodes Foreman of large pores. Generally the spongy shell and some fragments of the (Plate 2F, Figures 9, 10; Plate 3, Figure 10) outer meshwork are present. When the shell is elliptical, the largest (Range chart number 26) dimension is along the polar plane. The forked ends of the excep- tionally large, sturdy polar spines tend to recurve inwards. Triactoma echiodes Foreman, 1973b, p. 260, pi. 3, fig. 1; pi. 16, fig.21 . Measurements (based on 14 specimens from 303A-4, CC; 306-10-1, 124-125; and 307-6, CC). Length overall 1000-1230µ, of polar spines Triactoma sp. cf. T. echiodes Foreman 320-540µ (majority 400-500µ); width between tips of bifurcated spine (Range chart number 39) 250-575µ (majority 385-460µ), of spine near base 20-45µ (majority 30- Triactoma sp. cf. T. echiodes Foreman in Foreman, 1973b, p. 260, pi. 45µ), of shell in polar plane 100-175µ, in equatorial plane 100-170µ. 3, fig. 3 (not fig. 2). Remarks: Trisphaera bicornispinosa Zhamoida, 1968, is apparently Remarks: Included here are all small pored forms lacking a central a related form. It differs in having smaller pores and three spines; poor raised area, with spines more regularly disposed than for T. echiodes. preservation makes the character of the forked spines uncertain. These forms are generally smaller than T. echiodes. They are tabulated A single fragment of a form with a branched spine, not included in but not included in the events list or more completely described at this this species, was observed in 3O3A-3, CC (Plate 3, Figure 12). It differs time because of their rarity. See also Remarks under T. hybum. in its smaller size and having a shell that has smaller pores and is slightly nodose. Triactoma hybum Foreman, new species Etymology: From the Greek adjective periosus, immense. (Plate 2F, Figures 6, 7; Plate 3, Figures 7, 9) (Range chart number 38) Dicroa sp. A Triactoma sp. cf. T. echiodes Foreman in Foreman, 1973b, pi. 3, fig. 2 (Plate 2E, Figures 9-11; Plate 3, Figure 11) (not fig. 3). (Range chart number 31) Description: Shell as for T. echiodes with the exception that it is Description: The shell is circular and bears two three-bladed spines generally smaller, with smaller pores, has a distinct hump-like raised which bifurcate. The shell is apparently spongy internally, overlain by area at the center of the upper and lower surfaces, and the spines are a meshwork of large pores, similar to that of D. periosa. The forked somewhat more regularly disposed. ends of the spines tend to recurve inwards. Measurements (based on 10 specimens from 307-6, CC; 307-7-1, 75- Measurements (based on 8 specimens from 306-12-1, 60-62; 307-7-1, 77; 306-11, CC; 306-12-1, 60-62; and 306-14, CC). Diameter of shell 72-75; and 303A-7, CC). Length overall (based on two specimens) 515- 85-115µ, length of spines 115-195µ (majority 125-155µ). 525µ, of polar spines 175-225µ; width between tips of bifurcated spine Remarks: This species is apparently closely related and probably 110-170µ, of spine near base 20-25µ. descended from a form Triactoma sp. cf. T. echiodes Foreman with 609 H. P. FOREMAN which it co-occurs in the early part of its range and from which it Acanthocircus trizonalis (Rust) (?) in Foreman, 1973b, p. 261, pi. 4, fig. differs in having a distinct raised area as described above. Both differ 6-8. from T. echiodes in their size and more regularly disposed spines. Acanthocircus dizonius (Rust) in Riedel and Sanfilippo, 1974, pi. 2, fig. Etymology: The specific name is derived from the Greek adjective 3 (not fig. 4, 5). hybos, humped. Remarks: A. trizonalis is emended from Foreman, 1973b, to include forms such as Saturnatis (?) aff. amissus Squinabol in Zhamoida, 1969, Triactoma (ithoπianum Rust which have very small end spines and the saddle not, or only very (Plate 3, Figure 13) slightly, developed. Forms with bifurcated end spines are treated as (Range chart number 3) the separate species A. dicranacanthos. Triactoma tithonianum Rust in Foreman, 1973b, p. 260, pi. 2, fig. 1. Acanthocircus variabilis (Squinabol) (Plate 2C, Figures 9, 10) Actinommid, gen. and sp. indet. (Plate ID, Figure 1) Saturnalis variabilis Squinabol, 1914, pi. 22, fig. 8, 9. Acanthocircus sp. aff. Saturnalis variabilis in Foreman, 1973b, p. 261, •Remarks: This large ellipsoidal spongy form is distinguished by its pi. 5, fig. 4, 5; pi. 16, fig. 18. size and a shell which is thickened at one end, becoming thinner at the Spongosaturnalis variabilis in Moore, 1973, p. 824, pi. 6, fig. 2 (not fig. opposite end where short spines protrude. These spines extend at least 1,3). halfway around the margin on some forms. It is illustrated here Acanthocircus carinatus in Riedel and Sanfilippo, 1974, pi. 2, fig. 1, 2. because of its apparent short range. Remarks: Included here are elliptical saturnalin rings with two blades on their inner margin and with two or three approximately Actinommids, gen. and sp. indet. equal spines at each end of the ellipse. The two-spined forms do not (Plate 2F, Figures 12-14) have a ridge between the spines. They are tabulated, but are not in- Remarks: Under this heading are illustrated spongy discoidal cluded in the events list. (Figure 13) and lenticular (Figures 12 and 14) forms with, respectively, four and six smooth, slender spines. Acanthocircus sp. (Plate 2C, Figure 7) Subfamily SATURNALINAE Deflandre, 1953 Remarks: Although this rare form has not been treated in detail, it is illustrated here because of its apparent limited range. It differs from Genus ACANTHOCIRCUS Squinabol a similar form in the early Santonian of Trinidad in having blades on Acanthocircus Squinabol, 1903a, p. 124. Foreman, 1973b, p. 260. the inner margin of the ring which do not continue across the ends of the polar spines. Acanthocircus carinatus Foreman s.s. (Plate 2C, Figure 8; Plate 4, Figure 12) (Range chart number 36) Genus SPONGOSATURNALIS Campbell and Clark Acanthocircus carinatus Foreman, 1973b, p. 260, pi. 5, fig. 1, 2 (not Spongosaturnalis Campbell and Clark, 1944b, p. 7. Foreman, 1973b, p. Riedel and Sanfilippo, 1974, pi. 2, fig. 1, 2). 261. Spongosaturnalis variabilis Squinabol in Moore, 1973, p. 824, pi. 6, fig. 1, 3 (not fig. 2). Spongosaturnalis (?) eidalimus Foreman, new species Remarks: Included here are elliptical saturnalin rings with two (Plate IB, Figures 6, 7; Plate 4, Figure 5) blades on their inner margin and with a ridge between the two spines (Range chart number 53) at the narrow end of the ring. Forms with two end spines, but lacking a Description: This species is similar to S. (?) yaoi from which it ridge, are excluded and are assigned to Acanthocircus variabilis differs in having a ring more circular in shape and always elliptical in (Squinabol). cross-section. Also the spines adjacent to the polar spines are generally It was noted in Foreman (1973b) that early forms had a greater less divergent and may be parallel to each other. Early specimens may width between the end spines; in addition, early forms also tend to bear eight spines. have a less robust ridge between the end spines. Measurements (based on 10 specimens from 310A-11, CC; 13, CC; and 17, CC). Vertical diameter of ring 190-225µ, lateral diameter 255- Acanthocircus dicranacanthos (Squinabol) emend. 285µ; width of ring 15µ. (Plate 20, Figures 5, 6) Remarks: When the ring becomes smaller and more angular, this (Range chart number 12) species passes into S. (?) yaoi which may be considered a descendant. Saturnalis dicranacanthos Squinabol, 1914, p. 289, fig. 1; pi. 22, fig. 4- See also Remarks under S (?) yaoi. S. (?) eidalimus may itself be a 7; pi. 23, fig. 8. descendant of S. (?) sp. b described by Yao (1972) from which it differs Saturnalis novalensis Squinabol, 1914, p. 297, pi. 23, fig. 7; pi. 20, fig. 1. in having fewer spines. Saturnulus sp. Fischli, 1916, p. 46, 47, fig. 55. Etymology: The specific name eidalimus is from the Greek adjective Acanthocircus dizonius (Rust) (?) in Foreman, 1973b, p. 260, pi. 4, fig. eidalimos, comely. 4, 5. Riedel and Sanfilippo, 1974, pi. 2, fig. 4, 5 (not fig. 3). Spongosaturnalis dicranacanthos (Squinabol) in Pessagno, 1969, p. 610, Spongosaturnalis horridus (Squinabol) pi. 4, fig. A, B, Moore, 1973, p. 824, pi. 3, fig. 1, 3. (Plate 2C, Figure 1; Plate 4, Figure 3) Remarks: Included here are elliptical saturnalin rings with two (Range chart number 42) blades on the outer margin and with a single bifurcated spine at each Acanthocircus horridus Squinabol, 1903b, p. 125, pi. 9, fig. 3. narrow end, regardless of the nature of the shell. Rare specimens Saturnalis polymorphus Squinabol, 1914 (invalid name), p. 293. (Squinabol, 1914, pi. 22, fig. 7) with a bifurcated spine at one end only [?] Spongosaturnalis polymorphus (Squinabol) in Moore, 1973, p. 824, are also included. pi. 6, fig. 6. Description: The ring is circular (rarely elliptical), very broad, and Acanthocircus trizonalis (Rust) (?) emend. bladed on the inner margin. It bears 14 to 18 (rarely 12) pointed spines, (Plate 20, Figures 1-4) and rarely a spine may be branched. Fragments of a spongy shell (Range chart number 18) adhere to some specimens, and there is some evidence to suggest a [?] Saturnulus trizonalis Rust, 1898, p. 9, pi. 2, fig. 4. small inner shell may be present (Plate 4, Figure 3). Saturnalis amissus Squinabol, 1914, p. 296, pi. 23, fig. 2-5. Measurements (based on 10 specimens from 305-63, CC; 305-64-1, Saturnulus trizonalis RUst in Fischli, 1916, p. 46, 47, fig. 52. 148-150; and 306-12-1, 60-62). Vertical diameter of ring 140-235µ, Saturnatis ? aff. amissus Squinabol in Zhamoida, 1969, p. 19, fig. 9, p. lateral diameter 235-265µ; width of ring 25-30µ. 24. Remarks: This form may be distinguished from those included un- Spongosaturnalis amissus (Squinabol) in Moore, 1973, p. 824, pi. 3, fig. der S. (?) preclarus and S. (?) spp. in this chapter as described under 2. the Remarks accompanying their descriptions. 610 RADIOLARIA Spongosaturnalis hueyi (Pessagno) Spongosaturnalis (?) multidentatus (Squinabol) (Plate 1A, Figure 6; Plate 4, Figure 10) (Plate 1A, Figures 1-3) (Range chart number 57) Saturnalis multidentatus Squinabol, 1914, p. 298-299, pi. 23, fig. 11, 12. Spongosaturninus hueyi Pessagno, in preparation, pi. 12, fig. 1. Spongosaturnalis (?) multidentatus (Squinabol) in Foreman, 1973b, p. 261, pi. 15, fig. 4. Spongosaturnalis hueyi (Pessagno) group (Plate 1A, Figures 7, 8; Plate IB, Figures 1-3) (Range chart number 51) Spongosaturnalis (?) preclarus Foreman, new species (Plate 1A, Figures 4, 5; Plate 4, Figure 8) Spongosaturninus hueyi Pessagno, in preparation, pi. 12, fig. 1. (Range chart number 52) Description: Included in this group are forms with the general con- figuration of 5". hueyi. The ring may be angular or circular to elliptical. Description: The ring is circular, broad, smooth, flat, or with a It is smooth and may be lamellar or elliptical in cross-section, or very slight thickening of the outer margin. It bears numerous (generally 12 slightly thickened on both margins. It varies considerably in width and to 16) short to moderately long, smooth spines. bears 8 to 10 (rarely 12 on older forms) flat, generally spatulate, Measurements (based on 10 specimens from 310A-16, CC; 17, CC; sometimes branched, evenly distributed spines. The spines adjacent to and 303-5, CC). Vertical diameter of ring 195-270µ, lateral diameter the polar spines extend parallel to them or diverge only slightly. 195-340µ, width of ring 25-45µ. Measurements (based on 12 specimens from 310A-11, CC; 12, CC; Remarks: This species is distinguished from specimens identified as 13, CC; and 17, CC). Vertical diameter of ring 160-270µ, lateral S. (?) sp. (this chapter) by its broader smooth ring and from S. horridus diameter 160-340µ; width of ring 15-30µ. by its ring which is not bladed. It differs from 5. hueyi in having more Remarks: Members of this group are distinguished from S. (?) numerous pointed spines. moorei and 5. (?) yaoi by their greater number of spines, and from S. Etymology: The specific name preclarus is Latin and means very (?) spp. (this chapter) by lacking a bladed ring. They differ from S. (?) beautiful. preclarus in having a narrower ring and fewer spines. Specimens with eight spines differ from S. (?) ichikawai as described under that species. Spongosaturnalis squinaboli Foreman, new species The young forms tend to have shorter spines with those adjacent to (Plate 1C, Figures 1, 2; Plate 4, Figure 6) the polar spines less divergent. Older forms tend to have spines longer, (Range chart number 62) more divergent, and the very oldest specimens had spines that branched. Spongosaturnalis (?) sp. Foreman, 1971, p. 1674, pi. 1, fig. 4. Foreman, 1973b, pi. 15, fig. 6, 7. Description: The ring and spines are similar to those of S. (?) yaoi Spongosaturnalis (?) ichikawai Foreman, new species except that the ring is bladed on its outer margin. Short spiny (Plate IB, Figures 4, 5; Plate 4, Figure 7) protrusions on the polar spines of the specimens from DSDP Leg 7 (Range chart number 59) (Foreman, 1971) indicate the presence of a fragile outer spongy shell and a slightly sturdier, irregular, small inner shell. Description: The ring is a subangular to angular octagon, slender, Measurements (based on 10 specimens from 310A-10, CC and 12, smooth, elliptical in cross-section, with eight smooth (rarely seven), CC; and DSDP Leg 7, 61-1, CC). Vertical diameter of ring 165-230µ evenly distributed spines, extending one from each corner. The spines (majority 185-215µ), lateral diameter 215-260µ, width of ring 15-25µ. adjacent to the polar spines extend parallel to them or diverge only Remarks: This species differs from S. (?) hexagonus Yao in having slightly. smooth spines. Measurements (based on 11 specimens from 310A-10, CC; 11, CC). It is apparently widespread and is known from the Santonian- Vertical diameter of ring 185-250µ (majority 185-225µ), lateral diam- Campanian of DSDP Leg 7, 61-1, CC and Leg 20, 198A-4, CC in the eter 235-290µ (majority 235-27Oµ), width of ring 10-15µ. western Pacific, and from the early Santonian of Trinidad, Marac well Remarks: This species is distinguished from members of the S. 1 (Foreman, 1968). hueyi group with eight spines by its more slender, distinctly octagonal- This species is named for Senofonte Squinabol who first recognized shaped ring. It is apparently descended from similar older forms with the stratigraphic usefulness of saturnalins. more than eight spines of the S. hueyi group (Plate 1A, Figure 8). This species is named for Koichiro Ichikawa in recognition of his work with Mesozoic Radiolaria of Japan. Spongosaturnalis (?) yaoi Foreman, new species (Plate IB, Figures 8-10; Plate 4, Figures 1, 2) Spongosaturnalis (?) moorei Foreman, new species (Range chart number 54) (Plate IB, Figure 11; Plate 4, Figure 9) Description: The ring is angular, six-sided, generally slightly (Range chart number 64) broader than it is high, smooth and flattened or elliptical in cross- Spongosaturnalis sp. A Moore, 1973, p. 824, pi. 13, fig. 8. section. Six (rarely seven on older forms) uniform spines extend out- Description: The ring is rectangular with the sides adjoining the ward from the corners. The four spines adjacent to the polar spines polar spines almost straight and the lateral sides only slightly convex diverge. outwardly. It is smooth, lamellar to elliptical in cross-section, and Measurements (based on 12 specimens from 310A-10, CC; 11, CC; bears four spatulate spines, one at each corner, obliquely outward and 12, CC). Vertical diameter of ring 155-225µ, lateral diameter 185- directed. Rarely these may branch. 270µ width of ring 15-25µ. Measurements (based on 10 specimens from 31OA-8, CC; 10, CC; Remarks: Young specimens tend to have the side of the ring adja- and 11, CC). Vertical diameter of ring 140-175µ, lateral diameter 155- cent to a polar spine straight with little or no indentation at the point 195µ, width of ring 12-20µ. where the side joins the polar spine. Older forms, however, tend to Remarks: The origin of this species is not certain, but it is probably have that side indented so that sometimes it forms a broad V. the end member of a lineage that begins with a member of the S. hueyi Specimens in the median part of the range have some forms with the group, with the ring becoming progressively less circular and more spines appearing pinched or thickened, and sometimes branching. angular, and with an accompanying decrease in the number of spines. S. (?) yaoi has been described very broadly, and it may be that the (See also Remarks under S. [?] yaoi.) Less likely is the alternative that forms with a ring narrow and elliptical in cross-section (Plate 4, Figure it may be descended from a very rare, larger, more curved, four-spined 2) are not related to the forms with a more flattened ring (Plate 4, form S. (?) sp. cf. 5. (?) moorei (Plate 4, Figure 4). Figure 1). The former are apparently descended from S. (?) eidalimus Moore reports this form from the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomani- by the ring becoming more angular, while the latter are more likely to an/Turonian-Coniacian/Santonian) of the central Pacific basin, be descended from forms with flattened rings in the S. hueyi group by DSDP Leg 17, Hole 167. the loss of some spines. This species is named for Ted C. Moore who first recognized it as a This species is named for Akira Yao in recognition of his work with stratigraphically significant form in his work on DSDP Leg 17. the spongosaturnalids of central Japan. 611 H. P. FOREMAN Spongosaturnalis (?) spp. Description: The shape of the shell is similar to that of P. (?) (Plate 1C, Figures 3-10; Plate 2C, Figures 2-6) diamphidia except that the odd arm, extending from the apex of the (Range chart number 27) horseshoe, generally extends vertically, and that the basic structure of Zygostephanus aculeatus Rust, 1898, p. 37, pi. 7, fig. 13; Fischli, 1916, all three arms shows them to be approximately equal in size, except for p. 46, 47, fig. 50, 51. the addition of a spongy patagium on the margin of two of the arms. Zygostephanus aculeatus (?) Rust in Holmes, 1900, p. 703, pi. 38, fig. All three arms show a distinct linear structure. 13. Measurements (based on five specimens from 305-63,CC; 64-1, 148- Acanthocircus dendroacanthos Squinabol, 1903b, pi. 9, fig. 9. 50; and 66-1, 100-102). Greatest distance, exclusive of spines, between Saturnalis polymorphus Squinabol, 1914 (invalid name), p. 293, pi. 22, outer margin of two most prominent arms, 295-325µ; between inner fig. 11, 12; pi. 24, fig. 2, 5-7 (not fig. 3). margin, near end, of two most prominent arms, 115-130µ. Spongosaturnalis (?) aculeatus (?) (Rust) in Foreman, 1973b, pi. 4, fig. Remarks: This species appears to be descended from Paronaella (?) 2. diamphidia with which it co-occurs in the later part of the latter's Spongosaturnalis (?) sp. aff. S. (?) aculeatus (Rust) in Foreman, 1973b, range. However, the rarity of both forms in the material studied pi. 4, fig. 1, 3. precludes the setting of any evolutionary limits at this time. It is dis- Spongosaturnalis (?) sp. cf. S. (?) aculeatus (?) (Rust) in Foreman, tinguished from P. (?) diamphidia by its generally larger size and arms 1973b, pi. 14, fig. 1-3. with distinct linear structure. Spongosaturnalis (?) sp. cf. Zygostephanus aculeatus Riist (?) in Etymology: From the Greek adjectival form of hipposideros, hippo- Holmes, 1900, in Foreman, 1973b, pi. 14, fig. 10. siderikus, pertaining to a horseshoe. Spongosaturnalis (?) sp. in Foreman, 1973b, pi. 14, fig. 4, 5, 9; pi. 15, fig. 2, 3. Family PHACODISCIDAE Haeckel, 1881 (?) Description: Placed here are a great variety of multispined satur- nalins which it does not now seem practical to divide further. Forms Genus EMILUVIA Foreman, emend. included have a ring circular to elliptical, and bladed or thickened on Emiluvia Foreman, 1973b, p. 262. one or both margins. They bear eight or more spines. These tend to be Remarks: In the material from DSDP Leg 20 from which this genus blunt and short on the younger forms, and longer, more pointed, on was originally defined, only the external characteristics of its con- the older forms. Some spines may branch, and the spines adjacent to stituent species could be examined, and it thus seemed appropriate to the polar spines may be parallel or diverge. place this genus in the Family Pseudoaulophacidae. Since then inter- Measurements range as follows: vertical diameter 135-270µ, lateral nal casts have been observed. These show an internal structure which diameter 170-340µ, width of ring 15-25µ. suggests that a more appropriate assignment might be the Family Remarks: Excluded is a form S. horridus which would fit the above Phacodiscidae. However, the presence of an actual phacoid shell is still broad definition, but which it seems useful to separate because of its doubtful, and thus the assignment is only questionably made. This limited stratigraphic range. It may be distinguished from the other genus differs from others in the Family Phacodiscidae in that its con- forms included above by its exceptionally broad ring with a blade on stituent species have at least a partially nodular surface connected by the inner margin only, and numerous sharp pointed spines. bars, as for the Pseudoaulophacidae. Family HAGIASTRIDAE Riedel, emend. Pessagno, 1971 Emiluvia chica Foreman, emend. (Plate 5, Figures 12, 13) Genus CRUCELLA Pessagno (Range chart number 4) Crucella Pessagno, 1971, p. 52. Emiluvia chica Foreman, 1973b, p. 262, pi. 8, fig. 7. Remarks: The specimens observed in the DSDP Leg 32 material Crucella cachensis Pessagno agree well with the earlier description based on material from DSDP (Plate 5, Figure 6) Leg 20. In addition, internal casts show the presence of a probable (Range chart number 67) small internal phacoid shell (Plate 5, Figure 12). Crucella cachensis Pessagno, 1971, p. 53, pi. 9, fig. 1-3. Pessagno, in preparation, pi. 3, fig. 14, 15. Emiluvia pessagnoi Foreman Remarks: The rare specimens observed here agree well with the il- Emiluvia pessagnoi Foreman, 1973b, p. 262, pi. 8, fig. 6. lustrations and species description of Pessagno, who indicated that Remarks: Only one specimen of this large distinctive form was this species ranges from early to middle Turonian in California. observed in the material studied from DSDP Leg 32. Crucella irwini Pessagno (Plate ID, Figure 6; Plate 5, Figure 1) Family CENODISCIDAE Haeckel, 1887 Crucella irwini Pessagno, 1971, p. 55, pi. 9, fig. 4-6. Genus TROCHODISCUS Haeckel Crucella messinae Pessagno Trochodiscus Haeckel, 1887, p. 417. Type species (subsequent designa- (Plate 1D, Figures 8, 9; Plate 5, Figure 2) tion by Campbell, 1954, p. D77) Trochodiscus cenophacus Haeckel, Crucella messinae Pessagno, 1971, p. 56, pi. 6, fig. 1-3. 1887. Remarks: Forms identified as Crucella messinae agree well with Remarks: The species described below is probably not closely Pessagno's description and illustration. In addition, some forms with a related to the type species of Trochodiscus. The generic assignment somewhat more distinct linear structure have been illustrated as remains the same as that given by the original author until a more Crucella sp. (Plate ID, Figure 7; Plate 2D, Figures 9-11). suitable one is found. Genus PARONAELLA Pessagno Trochodiscus exaspina Squinabol (Plate 2F, Figure 11; Plate 4, Figure 11) Paronaella Pessagno, 1971, p. 46. Foreman, 1973b, p. 262. (Range chart number 46) Paronaella (?) diamphidia Foreman Trochodiscus exaspina Squinabol, 1914, p. 272, pi. 20, fig. 6. (Plate 5, Figures 4, 5) Remarks: Included under this heading are all the discoidal or (Range chart number 17) spherical porous forms with four or more short, broad, three-bladed spines. The spines are frequently shaped as the petals of a flower, i.e., Paronaella (?) diamphidia Foreman, 1973b, p. 262, pi. 8, fig. 3, 4. with the broadest part medianly. Paronaella (?) hipposidericus Foreman, new species (Plate 2E, Figures 1, 2; Plate 5, Figures 3, 7, 10) Family PSEUDOAULOPHACIDAE Riedel, 1967a (Range chart number 40) Paronaella (?) sp. aff. P. (?) diamphidia Foreman, 1973b, p. 262, pi. 8, Genus ALIEVIUM Pessagno fig. 5. Alievium Pessagno, 1972, p. 297. Foreman, 1973b, p. 262. 612 RADIOLARIA Alievium gallowayi (White) Family THEOPERIDAE Haeckel, 1881, emend. Riedel, 1967a (Plate ID, Figures 2, 3; Plate 5, Figure 11) (Range chart number 61) Genus CLATHROPYRGUS Haeckel Baculogypsina (?) gallowayi White, 1928, p. 305, pi. 41, fig. 9, 10. Clathropyrgus Haeckel, 1881, p. 439. No legal type species has been Pseudoaulophacus superbus (Squinabol) in Foreman, 1971, p. 1675, pi. assigned for this genus. 2, fig. 5. Alievium gallowayi (White) in Pessagno, 1972, p. 299, pi. 25, fig. 4-6; pi. Clathropyrgus titthium Riedel and Sanfilippo 26, fig. 5; pi. 31, fig. 2, 3. Pessagno, in preparation, pi. 9, fig. 1. (Plate 6, Figure 10) Remarks: The rare specimens observed here agree well with the Clathropyrgus titthium Riedel and Sanfilippo, 1974, pi. 3, fig. 12; pi. descriptions of Pessagno (1972). Besides the additional localities and 12, fig. 10-12. range (early Santonian to late Campanian) given by Pessagno (1972), Remarks: The first appearance of this form in 310A-8, CC serves as this species is also known from the Santonian-Campanian of Cuba the basis for correlating the base of Moore's RK6 Zone with the base and the Santonian-early Campanian of DSDP Leg 7, Site 61, in the of Pessagno's Alievium gallowayi Zone. western Pacific. Alievium praegallowayi Pessagno Genus DIACANTHOCAPSA Squinabol (Plate ID, Figures 4, 5; Plate 5, Figure 9) (Range chart number 58) Diacanthocapsa Squinabol, 1903a. Type species (by subsequent monotypy) Diacanthocapsa euganea Squinabol, 1903b. Alievium praegallowayi Pessagno, 1972, p. 301, pi. 25, fig. 2, 3. Remarks: Although Squinabol defined this genus as a two- segmented form with two opposite spines, D. euganea, the type species, Alievium spp. probably is a three-segmented form. However, in the absence of a (Plate 2D, Figures 7, 8; Plate 5, Figure 14) more suitable generic assignment, the two-segmented form described (Range chart number 25) below is assigned here. Alievium sp. Foreman, 1973b, p. 262, pi. 9, fig. 1, 2. Diacanthocapsa communis (Squinabol) Genus PSEUDOAULOPHACUS Pessagno (Plate 21, Figure 17; Plate 6, Figure 11) Pseudoaulophacus Pessagno, 1963, p. 200. (Range chart number 45) Xyphostylus communis Squinabol, 1903b, p. Ill, pi. 10, fig. 20. Pseudoaulophacus pargueraensis Pessagno Description: Shell as described and illustrated by Squinabol with (Plate 5, Figure 8) the exception that no slightly tuberculate forms have been observed (Range chart number 65) and the "cushion" supporting the "superior spine" is here interpreted Pseudoaulophacus pargueraensis Pessagno, 1963, p. 204, pi. 2, fig. 4, 7; as the cephalis. In addition, the cephalis is poreless, and the large pi. 6, fig. 4, 5. 1972, p. 309, pi. 30, fig. 4. thoracic segment, while generally spherical, may sometimes be flat- Remarks: Besides the localities and range (early Santonian-early tened apically. Pores of this segment are relatively large, subcircular to Campanian) given by Pessagno (1972, p. 309), this species is also angular, regular in size and distribution. It bears three (perhaps four) known from the Santonian-Campanian of Cuba, and the Santonian- slender, smooth, horizontal spines, evenly distributed medianly. These early Campanian of DSDP Leg 7, Site 61, in the western Pacific. are frequently broken or entirely missing. The two unequal spines of Squinabol are also smooth and are considered as the cephalic apical Suborder NASSELLARIA Ehrenberg, 1875 spine and the thoracic terminal spine. Measurements (based on 20 specimens from 304-4, CC; 305-50, CC Family ACANTHODESMIIDAE Hertwig, 1879 and 58, CC; 306-4, CC; and 307-4, CC). Overall length 225-28Oµ, length of two segments U5-170µ; greatest width, exclusive of spines, Spy rid (?) gen. and sp. indet. Riedel and Sanfilippo 125-155µ; diameter of pores 9-15µ. (Plate 21, Figure 13) Spyrid (?) gen. and sp. indet. Riedel and Sanfilippo, 1974, pi. 3, fig. 4- Genus DICTYOMITRA Zittel 8; pi. 12, fig. 5. Remarks: This form has been tabulated, but because of its rare Dictyomitra Zittel, 1876, p. 77. Foreman, 1973b, p. 263. spotty occurrence is not included in the events list. Remarks: Although it has not been possible to define, describe, and tabulate more than a few of the many species of Dictyomitra en- Family ARTOSTROBIIDAE Riedel, 1967a countered, it was possible to distinguish and describe briefly some ribbed forms and some forms with a nodose shell. Other forms of Dic- Genus ARTOSTROBIUM Haeckel tyomitra are illustrated in order to distinguish them from Dictyomitra cosmoconica. Artostrobium Haeckel, 1887, p. 1482. Foreman, 1966, p. 355 emend. Dictyomitra alievi Foreman Artostrobium tina Foreman (Plate 2H, Figures 8, 9; Plate 7, Figure 2) (Plate IF, Figures 3-5; Plate 6, Figure 5) (Range chart number 29) (Range chart number 56) Dictyomitra alievi Foreman, 1973b, p. 263, pi. 9, fig. 10; pi. 16, fig. 4. Artostrobium tina Foreman, 1971, p. 1678, pi. 4, fig. 3. Dictyomitra apiarium (Rust) Artostrobium urna Foreman (Plate 2G, Figures 7, 8) (Plate IF, Figures 6, 7; Plate 6, Figure 6) (Range chart number 13) (Range chart number 60) Lithocampe apiarium Rust, 1885, p. 315, pi. 29, fig. 8. Artostrobium urna Foreman, 1971, p. 1677, pi. 4, fig. 1, 2. Dictyomitra apiarium (Rust) in RUst, 1898, p. 58. Dictyomitra sp. ind. c Hinde, 1900, p. 39, pi. 3, fig. 13. Genus THEOCAMPE Haeckel Lithomitra excellens Tan in Moore, 1973, p. 827, pi. 4, fig. 3, 4. Theocampe Haeckel, 1887, p. 1422. Burma, 1959, p. 328 emend. Dictyomitra boesii Parona Theocampe salillum Foreman (Plate 2H, Figures 10, 11; Plate 7, Figure 9) (Plate IF, Figure 8; Plate 6, Figure 4) (Range chart number 14) (Range chart number 63) Dictyomitra boesii Parona, 1890, p. 170, pi. 6, fig. 9. Riedel and San- Theocampe salillum Foreman, 1971, p. 1678, pi. 4, fig. 5. filippo, 1974, pi. 4, fig. 5, 6. 613 H. P. FOREMAN Lithocampe ananassa Rust in Moore, 1973, p. 828, pi. 4, fig. 4-7. subsequent to the fourth or fifth expanded segment, which are nar- Amphipyndax (?) sp. Foreman, 1973b, p. 263, pi. 9, fig. 3, 4. rower with straight sides or only gently inflated. It is distinguished Remarks: In the material studied from DSDP Leg 20, the interior from D. sagitafera Aliev (1965) by having fewer pores and no ribs on of this species could not be examined and from the external evidence it the proximal conical part. appeared that it might belong to the Family Amphipyndacidae. Because this species is better preserved in samples other than those However, better material from DSDP Leg 32 confirms the generic from DSDP Leg 32, the description and measurements were made assignment of Parona. considering specimens in the synonymy and as indicated in the measurements paragraph as well as from Leg 32. The specimen il- Dictyomitra carpatica Lozyniak (?) lustrated in Foreman, 1971, pi. 3, fig. 5, USNM 1679242; V13/4, is (Plate 2G, Figures 11-14; Plate 7, Figures 6, 7) designated as the holotype. (Range chart number 20) This species is named for Genrietta Koslova in recognition of her work with Cretaceous Radiolaria. [?] Dictyomitra carpatica Lozyniak, 1969, p. 38, pi. 2, fig. 11, 13. Dictyomitra carpatica Lozyniak (?) in Foreman, 1973b, p. 263, pi. 10, Dictyomitra (?) lacrimula Foreman fig. 1-3; pi. 16, fig. 5. (Plate 2G, Figures 5, 6; Plate 6, Figure 1) Remarks: Young forms (Plate 7, Figure 6) tend to have a well- (Range chart number 30) developed rectangular ridge on the distal half of each segment, while older forms (Plate 7, Figure 7) have this ridge less distinct, more Dictyomitra (?) lacrimula Foreman, 1973b, p. 263, pi. 10, fig. 11. curved. Cornutanna conica Aliev in Moore, 1973, p. 830, pi. 14, fig. 2 (not fig. 1)• Remarks: In the Cretaceous there are a number of smooth-ribbed Dictyomitra cosmoconica Foreman conical forms with wide open or only slightly constricted apertures (Plate 2H, Figure 3; Plate 7, Figure 1) (Plate 6, Figure 2), and with a variety of internal segmental divisions. (Range chart number 6) D. lacrimula is strictly limited to those forms with an inverted conical Dictyomitra cosmoconica Foreman, 1973b, p. 263, pi. 9, fig. 11; pi. 16, terminal segment with a small aperture. When the internal segmental fig. 3. division can be seen there are six to seven segments gradually in- creasing in length and width, except for the last conical segment which Dictyomitra duodecimcostata (Squinabol) narrows. (Plate 1G, Figures 5, 6; Plate 7, Figure 8) Numerous specimens in the DSDP Leg 32 material allow the dimen- (Range chart number 55) sions to be expanded as follows: length of shell 155-280µ; greatest width of shell 70-140µ. Lithostrobus duodecimcostata Squinabol, 1903b, p. 138, pi. 10, fig. 21. This species should probably be assigned to the new genus Protu- [?] Dictyomitra formosa Squinabol, 1904, p. 232, pi. 10, fig. 4. numa Ichikawa and Yao, in preparation. However, the manuscript ar- Dictyomitra (Dictyomitra) multicostata Zittel in Pessagno, 1963, p. rived too late for the change to be made. 206, pi. 4, fig. 3; pi. 5, fig. 7. Dictyomitra sp. in Kling, 1971, pi. 8, fig. 4. Dictyomitra pseudomacrocephala Squinabol Dictyomitra torquata Foreman, 1971, p. 1676, pi. 3, fig. 4. Foreman, (Plate 7, Figure 10) 1973b, pi. 15, fig. 9-11. Riedel and Sanfilippo, 1974, pi. 5, fig. 1, 4 (Range chart number 50) (not pi. 5, fig. 2, 3; pi. 14, fig. 2). Dictyomitra duodecimcostata (Squinabol) group in Petrushevskaya Dictyomitra pseudomacrocephala Squinabol, 1903b, p. 139, pi. 10, fig. and Koslova, 1972, p. 550, pi. 2, fig. 10, 11. 2. Cita, 1964, p. 143, pi. 12, fig. 8, 9. Petrushevskaya and Koslova, Remarks: This species continues to be broadly described to include 1972, p. 550, pi. 2, fig. 5. Pessagno, in preparation, pi. 3, fig. 2, 3. forms both with a differentiated first expanded segment and forms in [?] Dictyomitra sagitafera Aliev, 1961, p. 25, pi. 1, fig. 1-3. Aliev, 1965, which the expanded segments increase uniformly in size. It is dis- p. 55, pi. 10, fig. 2-4. tinguished from D. koslovae by its generally more robust form and Dictyomitra malleola Aliev in Pessagno, 1969, p. 610, pi. 5, fig. A. larger size, and by the presence of segments all of which are distally ex- Dictyomitra macrocephala Squinabol in Moore, 1973, p. 829, pi. 9, fig. panded after the initial proximal, smooth, conical segments. See also 8, 9. Riedel and Sanfilippo, 1974, pi. 4, fig. 10, 11; pi. 14, fig. 11. remarks under D. koslovae. Dictyomitra sp. Foreman, 1973b, pi. 14, fig. 16. When a more complete sequence of well-preserved material is Remarks: Dictyomitra pseudomacrocephala is extremely rare in the available, it may prove useful to separate this broad species into two material studied. It is distinguished from D. macrocephala Squinabol species, based on the character of the first expanded segment. and D. malleola Aliev by the presence of vertical ridges and de- pressions. Dictyomitra koslovae Foreman, new species Dictyomitra somphedia Foreman (Plate 7, Figure 4) (Plate 7, Figures 11-13) (Range chart number 66) (Range chart number 48) Dictyomitra sp. Kling, 1971, pi. 8, fig. 2. Dictyomitra sp. Foreman, 1971, p. 1677, pi. 3, fig. 5. Foreman, 1973b, Dictyomitra somphedia Foreman, 1973b, p. 264, pi. 14, fig. 18. pi. 15, fig. 13-15. Remarks: This large distinctive species may be recognized even in Dictyomitra cf. D. torquata Moore, 1973, p. 829, pi. 9, fig. 1-3 (not fig. poorly preserved material by its size and shape. The median change in contour from a subconical proximal part to an inflated distal part is 4). very characteristic. The illustrated specimens show variations in the Dictyomitra sp. A Moore, 1973, p. 830, pi. 17, fig. 2, 3. form of the expanded part. There are no co-occurring forms with Dictyomitra torquata Foreman in Riedel and Sanfilippo, 1974, pi. 5, which this species can be confused. fig. 2, 3 (not fig. 1, 4); pi. 14, fig. 2. Description: Shell conical proximally, subconical to almost cylin- drical distally. The fourth or fifth segment (usually the fourth) is Dictyomitra veneta (Squinabol) generally markedly wider than the next one or two segments. These (Plate 1G, Figure 4) one or two narrower segments have straight sides or are only gently in- Phormocyrtis veneta Squinabol, 1903b, p. 134, pi. 9, fig. 30. flated. Subsequent segments may be inflated medianly or not at all. Dictyomitra veneta (Squinabol) in Petrushevskaya and Koslova, 1972, Rarely they are slightly inflated distally. The arrangement of pores and p. 550, pi. 2, fig. 2. Foreman, 1973b, p. 264, pi. 14, fig. 11. Riedel costae is as for D. duodecimcostata. The total number of segments and Sanfilippo, 1974, pi. 5, fig. 5, 6. varies from 7 to 10. [?] Dictyomitra veneta (Squinabol) in Moore, 1973, p. 829, pi. 9, fig. 7. Measurements (based on 12 specimens from DSDP Leg 7, 61-1, CC; Phormocyrtis (?) veneta Squinabol in Pessagno, in preparation, pi. 3, Leg 26, 256-6-3, 55-58; Cuba B191; and 31OA-8, CC). Length of seven fig. 10. segments 140-185µ (majority 150-170µ); width of seventh segment 80- Remarks: In the DSDP Leg 32 material as in Leg 20, this species is 100µ, of broadest segment 80-105µ. extremely rare. Only two specimens of D. veneta were observed in Remarks: This species differs from D. duodecimcostata in its Sample 307-3-1, 126-128. It has therefore not been included in any of generally less robust, narrower form and in the one or two segments the tabulations or events lists. 614 RADIOLARIA The specimen of D. veneta illustrated by Moore is only doubtfully Eucyrtis bulbosa Renz (?) included in the synonymy because no previous evidence has suggested (Plate 2K, Figures 3-5) that this form has distal segments defined externally by strictures. [?] Eucyrtis bulbosus Renz, 1974, pi. 7, fig. 26-29; pi. 12, fig. 15a, b. Remarks: These rare forms are only doubtfully assigned to E. Dictyomitra spp. cf. D. tekschaensis Aliev bulbosa because the small proximal part appears to have fewer (Plate 1H, Figure 1; Plate 2H, Figure 1) segments than described for this species. Dictyomitra tekschaensis Aliev, 1967, p. 29, fig. K. The forms illustrated here vary considerably, with the specimen in Remarks: Under this name are illustrated forms with closely spaced Figure 3 having a slightly nodose surface and that in Figure 5 having a uniform round pores, a smooth surface, and uniform inflated seg- relatively shorter proximal part. ments. They are apparently restricted to the early Late Cretaceous and the late Early Cretaceous. Eucyrtis columbaria Renz (Plate 21, Figure 19) Dictyomitra sp. A Eucyrtis columbarius Renz, 1974, pi. 7, fig. 14-20; pi. 12, fig. 13a-c. (Plate 1G, Figure 7; Plate 2G, Figures 18-20) Remarks: Rare, poorly preserved specimens of this form were Remarks: This ribbed form is characterized by its slender shape and observed in two samples assigned to the Eucyrtis tenuis Zone: 304-9-1, relatively long, uniform segments. They are generally only very slightly 148-150 and 307-7-1, 75-77. inflated, with little or almost no external segmental constriction. Eucyrtis micropora (Squinabol) (Plate 21, Figures 2-5) Dictyomitra sp. B (Range chart number 24) (Plate 2G, Figures 9, 10) Archicapsa micropora Squinabol, 1903b, p. 129, pi. 9, fig. 14. Remarks: This ribbed form is characterized by its closely spaced Eusyringium sp. A in Zhamoida et al., 1968, pi. 1, fig. 8. Zhamoida, ribs and relatively short segments which are inflated medianly and in- 1969, p. 19, fig. 8. Zhamoida, 1972, p. 121, pi. 17, fig. 3. crease only gradually in length. Eucyrtis zhamoidai Foreman, 1973b, pi. 10, fig. 9, 10; pi. 16, fig. 1. [?] Eucyrtis zhamoidai Foreman, 1973b, pi. 16, fig. 2. Dictyomitra sp. C Eucyrtis hanni Riedel and Sanfilippo, 1974, pi. 5, fig. 9-13; pi. 12, fig. (Plate 2G, Figures 15-17) 18 (not fig. 16, 17). Renz, 1974, pi. 7, fig. 21-25; pi. 12, fig. 16a, b. Remarks: This ribbed species is characterized by segments, each of Stichocapsa tenuis Rust in Riedel and Sanfilippo, 1974, pi. 9, fig. 13 which is only moderately inflated distally, with only a slight external (not fig. 14). segmental constriction. This forms a distinctive undulating profile. Description: Shell subspindle-shaped. The cephalis has a branched vertical spine as in Foreman, 1966, fig. 4-6. The conical proximal Dictyomitra spp. segments increase gradually in width and length until medianly they are less regular. The one or two segments following the widest one (Plate 1H, Figures 4, 5; Plate 2H, Figures 5-7) begin to constrict, and the last one of these tends to be but is not Remarks: The forms illustrated here are characterized by their always bowl-shaped. The narrow terminal tube-like segment is nodes and rather long segments. Late forms (Plate 1H, Figures 4, 5 without division or rarely has one segmental division proximally. It is and Plate 2H, Figure 5) have small, sharp, compact nodes and the ear- developed as a separate one or two segments, not as a continuation of ly ones (Plate 2H, Figures 6, 7) larger, blunt, porous nodes. the inverted conical bowl-shaped segment. Externally there is little or no segmental division except for a constriction, sometimes very slight, Dictyomitra spp. between the bowl-shaped segment and the terminal tube. Pores are (Plate 1H, Figures 2, 3; Plate 2H, Figure 2) small, rounded, arranged randomly or in vague transverse rows. The Remarks: The illustrated forms are all very rare. They are included surface is spiny, sometimes with long downward-directed spines distal- in the synchronopticon in order to distinguish them from Dictyomitra ly cosmoconica. They all have in common their large size and segmental Measurements (based on 15 specimens from 305-65-1, 108-110; 307- divisions outlined by closely spaced nodes which together form dis- 7-1, 75-77; and 307-9-1, 80-82). Length of one complete specimen tinct ridges at the segmental strictures. D. cosmoconica differs from the 23Oµ, of longest incomplete specimen 400µ; greatest width 65-100µ. specimens illustrated on Plate 1H, Figure 2 and Plate 2H, Figure 2 by Three specimens with internal segmentation visible had 7, 8, and 9 its pores which are larger, more regularly quincuncially arranged, and segments, respectively. from the specimen illustrated on Plate 1H, Figure 3 in the character of Remarks: See Remarks under Eucyrtis tenuis for distinguishing its ridges. D. cosmoconica has ridges which are small, indistinct prox- features. imally, gradually becoming sturdier, rather than sturdy proximally, gradually becoming thinner. Eucyrtis tenuis (Rust) (Plate 21, Figures 7-9) (Range chart number 35) Dictyomitra (?) sp. (Plate 2H, Figure 4) Stichocapsa tenuis Rust, 1885, p. 318, pi. 47, fig. 13, 14. Riedel and Sanfilippo, 1974, pi. 9, fig. 14 (not fig. 13). Remarks: A distinctive conical form terminating in three tubular feet is present in only one sample, 307-7-1, 75-77. It is also known from [?] Stichocapsa tenuis Rust, 1885 in Riedel and Sanfilippo, 1974, pi. 9, DSDP Leg 20, 196-4-1 (#3). Although rare at both localities, its ap- fig. 12. parent short range in the lower part of the Eucyrtis tenuis Zone may Description: The shell is multisegmented, spindle-shaped, with no make this a useful marker for that level. or very little external segmental division. The cephalis bears a horn and has a branched vertical spine as in Foreman, 1966, fig. 4-6. The segments increase gradually in width and very gradually in length to Genus EUCYRTIS Haeckel their greatest dimension medianly and then gradually decrease in size. The distal narrowed part is segmented for much of its length. Rare Eucyrtis Haeckel, 1881, p. 438. Foreman, 1973b, p. 264. complete specimens show that the distal end closes with a spine. Pores Remarks: In three recent papers produced in the Reports of the are small, rounded, arranged randomly or in vague transverse rows. Deep Sea Drilling Project—Foreman, 1973b; Riedel and Sanfilippo, The surface may be smooth or thorny. 1974; and Renz, 1974—there appears to be some confusion in regard Measurements (based on 12 specimens from 305-65-1, 108-110; 307- to two species variously assigned to Stichocapsa tenuis Rust, Eucyrtis 6, CC; and 307-7-1, 75-77). Length of longest incomplete specimen hanni (Tan), and Eucyrtis zhamoidai Foreman. 410µ; greatest width 55-80µ. Five specimens with internal segmenta- The two species Eucyrtis tenuis and Eucyrtis micropora which is the tion visible had 10, 12, and 14 segments. senior synonym of E. hanni and E. zhamoidai are described below, and Remarks: E. tenuis is distinguished from E. micropora by the inter- distinguishing features are discussed. nal segmentation which in E. tenuis is more uniform with only a slight 615 H. P. FOREMAN increase in length of the segments medianly. E. tenuis also has the post- Genus LITHOMELISSA Ehrenberg median constricting part segmented for much of its length and thus in Lithomelissa Ehrenberg, 1847. Type species (by subsequent monotypy) specimens of comparable size has more segments than E. micropora. Lithomelissa microptera Ehrenberg, 1854b. This post-median constricting part also tends to be broader than in E. Remarks: It is not likely that the species described below is related micropora. E. tenuis shows even less external segmental division than to the type species of Lithomelissa. However, this genus continues to E. micropora, and there is no bowl-shaped segment or constriction dis- be used as previously (Foreman, 1968) for two-segmented Mesozoic tally as for many specimens of E. micropora. It also lacks the forms with three wings as a matter of convenience until a more suit- downward-directed spines of E. micropora. When there is no or little able genus is defined. external change of contour and because of poor preservation no downward directed spines or internal segmentation visible, it is vir- Lithomelissa (?) petila Foreman, new species tually impossible to distinguish E. tenuis from E. micropora. Take, for (Plate 1G, Figures 2, 3; Plate 6, Figure 3) example, the figure of Eucyrtis micropora = E. hanni illustrated by (Range chart number 44) Renz, 1974, pi. 7, fig. 24. Without the internal segmental division visi- ble, it would not be possible to distinguish this form from E. tenuis. Lithomelissa (?) sp. Foreman, 1973b, pi. 14, fig. 17. The difficulty of distinguishing E. tenuis from E. micropora is il- Description: The shell is of two segments and bears a slender bladed lustrated by the confusion that exists between these species among the horn and three-bladed wings. The hemispherical cephalis has a few references listed in the synonymy of both these species. Foreman irregularly disposed rounded pores. The thorax is cylindrical except (1973b) assigned all of her forms to E. zhamoidai. However, reex- proximally where it is slightly expanded at the point where the wings amination of the holotype oi E. zhamoidai (Foreman 1973b, pi. 16, fig. emerge. Pores are moderate, rounded, and irregularly arranged on the 1) shows that it has eight segments before the distal-most tube-like seg- expanded part; large, angular, and tending to be elliptical on the cylin- ment, and a slight change of contour between this last segment and drical part. They are arranged quincuncially in longitudinal rows with that immediately preceding. It should be assigned to E. micropora and the long axis transverse. One specimen was observed to have a smooth is thus a junior synonym of that species as suggested by Renz, 1974. aperture; all others are ragged. The long downward-directed wings Superficially it looks very much like the cast of the next figure curve with convexity outward. (Foreman, 1973b, pi. 16, fig. 2), which differs in having 11 more uni- Measurements (based on 12 specimens from 303A-4, CC; 305-46, form segments plus a narrow distal tube-like segment. Thus, that form CC; 306-4, CC; and 307-3-1, 126-128). Length overall, exclusive of possesses some of the characteristics of both E. micropora and E. horn of longest broken specimen 410µ, of wings 110-320µ; width of tenuis. It is now only questionably assigned io E. micropora. Converse- thorax medianly 60-100µ; greatest width f pores 15-204m. ly, Riedel and Sanfilippo, 1974, assigned these same forms to E. tenuis. Remarks: Although this species is rare in the material studied, the Riedel and Sanfilippo, 1974, indicate that E. micropora occurs at sturdy, distinctive character of the shell should make this a useful form either end of the range of E. tenuis, and thus presumably it co-occurs in the mid-Cretaceous (late Albian-early Cenomanian section) where with E. tenuis throughout , yet they indicate that it co-occurs in only there are few distinctive forms. one sample, Beets R60-161, again illustrating the difficulty in dis- This species is also present in the possible Cenomanian of DSDP tinguishing these two forms in poor material. Leg 20, 195-3, CC. The same difficulty was encountered in the material from DSDP Etymology: Latin adjective petilus meaning slender. Leg 32, and therefore in the tabulations only certain specimens of E. tenuis are noted, and absences, because they may be due to uncertain- ties in identifying this form, are not recorded. Genus PLATYCRYPHALUS Haeckel Platycryphalus Haeckel, 1881, p. 430. Type species (by subsequent Genus LITHOCAMPE Ehrenberg monotypy) Platycryphalus pumilus Rust, 1885. Lithocampe Ehrenberg, 1838, p. 128. Type species (subsequent Remarks: Although Rust in his description considered P. pumilus designation by Campbell, 1954, p. D140) Lithocampe radicula to be a two-segmented form, his mention of a large first segment is Ehrenberg, 1838. considered as the possible basis for interpreting the illustrated speci- Remarks: The species described below are certainly not closely men as having two proximal segments, and the unnamed species de- related to the type species L. radicula. However, the generic assign- scribed below are thus assigned here. ment remains unchanged as a convenience until further studies are completed. Platycryphalus spp. aff. P. hirsuta (Squinabol) (Plate 2G, Figure 2; Plate 6, Figures 7-9) Lithocampe chenodes Renz (Range chart number 44) (Plate 2K, Figure 6) Sethocyrtis (?) hirsuta Squinabol, 1904, p. 215, pi. 7, fig. 11. Lithocampe chenodes Renz, 1974, pi. 7, fig. 30; pi. 12, fig. 14a-d. Remarks: Included here are a variety of forms with two pyramidal Remarks: Very rare specimens of this form were observed in only proximal segments and a cylindrical third segment with a wide open, one sample, 307-7-1, 75-77. smooth aperture. The first two segments vary considerably. There may or may not be an external constriction between them, so that frequent- Lithocampe elegantissima Cita ly they appear as one segment. Overall the surface is generally smooth (Plate 2G, Figures 3, 4) with pores of the third segment rounded, closely spaced, and evenly distributed. A larger form, not included, is illustrated (Plate 1G, Lithocampe elegantissima Cita, 1964, p. 148, pi. 12, fig. 2, 3. Figure 1; Plate 2G, Figure 1) as Platycryphalus sp. Remarks: This species was originally described from sediments of Albian-Aptian age from Monte Baldo in northern Italy. The il- lustrations all show a cylindrical fourth segment. In the material from Genus STICHOCAPSA Haeckel DSDP Leg 32 this species was observed only in cores assigned to the Eucyrtis tenuis Zone (Aptian or Barremian to Hauterivian or Stichocapsa Haeckel, 1881, p. 439. Foreman, 1973b, p. 265. Valanginian). These older forms differ slightly from the younger ones by the large fourth segment which is distinctly inflated rather than Stichocapsa (?) rotunda Hinde cylindrical. (Plate 2J, Figure 6; Plate 7, Figure 5) (Range chart number 8) Lithocampe mediodilatata Rust Stichocapsa rotunda Hinde, 1900, p. 41, pi. 3, fig. 24. Moore, 1973, p. (Plate 2K, Figure 2; Plate 6, Figure 17) 827, pi. 5, fig. 1, 3, 4. (Range chart number 10) Stichocapsa (?) rotunda Hinde in Foreman, 1973b, p. 265, pi. 11, fig. 1, Lithocampe mediodilatata Rust, 1885, p. 316, pi. 40, fig. 9. Moore, 2; pi. 16, fig. 20. 1973, p. 828, pi. 2, fig. 5, 6. Riedel and Sanfilippo, 1974, pi. 7, fig. 1-4. Subfamily SYRINGOCAPSINAE Foreman, 1973b "Lithocampe" mediodilatata Rust ? in Pessagno, 1969, p. 610, pi. 4, fig. Genus DIBOLACHRAS Foreman G, H. Theoperid, gen. and sp. indet. Foreman, 1973b, pi. 12, fig. 2. Dibolachras Foreman, 1973b, p. 265. 616 RADIOLARIA Dibolachras tytthopora Foreman moderate, subcircular to angular, uniform pores, closely spaced and (Plate 2L, Figures 2, 3; Plate 6, Figure 16) regularly quincuncially arranged in diagonal rows like a honeycomb. (Range chart number 34) The intervening pore bars are generally narrow and smooth except for Dibolachras tytthopora Foreman, 1973b, p. 265, pi. 11, fig. 4; pi. 16, a slight raised area where they join. On their lower margin the pores fig. 15. are scalloped or subdivided. One specimen was observed with a small smooth rounded aperture, 25µ in diameter. Genus PODOBURSA Wisniewski, emend. Foreman Measurements (based on 15 specimens from 304-9, CC; 305-66-1, 100-102; 306-14, CC; and 307-7-1, 75-77). Length overall 310-435µ, of Podobursa Wisniowski, 1889, p. 686. Foreman, 1973b, p. 266. small proximal part 45-75µ; width of globose terminal segment 230- 37Oµ, of shell wall 20-30µ. Podobursa (?) polylophia Foreman emend. Remarks: This species is distinguished from Sethocapsa leiostraca (Plate 2L, Figure 1) Foreman by its larger size, proportionately smaller pores, and lack of Eusyringium typicum Rust in Moore, 1973, p. 829, pi. 1, fig. 5-7. spines, and from Tetracapsa ixodes Rust by its terminal segment which Podobursa (?) polylophia Foreman, 1973b, p. 266, pi. 11, fig. 8, 9. is spherical and has much more closely spaced pores. Remarks: This species is more common in the DSDP Leg 32 This species is only doubtfully assigned to Sethocapsa because one material than in the Leg 20 material from which it was originally specimen was observed with a small aperture in its terminal segment. described. The original description is emended here to include a Etymology: The specific name orca is the Latin feminine noun, greater variety of forms. Included now are early forms with a long whale or large rounded vessel. horn, bladed or ridged at the base. Younger forms tend to have a shorter smooth horn. The nodes are larger medianly or in some forms Sethocapsa trachyostraca Foreman only present medianly. They form the bases for the spines which may (Plate 2J, Figures 3, 4) be short cylindrical or longer tapering. It is distinguished from the (Range chart number 23) closely related Syringocapsa limatum as described under that species. This species is not included in the events list. Stichocapsa conosphaeroides Rust in Moore, 1973, p. 827, pi. 4, fig. 5, 6. Podobursa tetracola Foreman Sethocapsa trachyostraca Foreman, 1973b, p. 268, pi. 12, fig. 4. Riedel (Plate 7, Figure 3) and Sanfilippo, 1974, pi. 9, fig. 5-7. (Range chart number 7) Podobursa tetracola Foreman, 1973b, p. 266, pi. 13, fig. 10; pi. 16, fig. Sethocapsa spp. cf. Theocapsa uterculus 14. (Plate 21, Figures 21, 22) cf. Theocapsa uterculus Parona, 1890, p. 168, pi. 5, fig. 17. Podobursa triacantha (Fischli) Remarks: These forms are characterized by their last two segments (Plate 2L, Figures 4-6) which have distinctly flattened proximal margins. The illustrated (Range chart number 15) forms have the last segment with uniform rounded pores, set in Podobursa triacantha (Fischli) in Foreman, 1973b, p. 266, pi. 13, fig. 1- angular pore frames. Other forms in which the last segment has a 7. nodose surface are also known. Podobursa sp. in Riedel and Sanfilippo, 1974, pi. 13, fig. 7. Sethocapsa spp. Podobursa tricola Foreman (Plate 2L, Figures 7, 8) (Plate 21, Figures 10-12, 14) (Range chart number 37) Remarks: The forms illustrated here are very characteristic of the late Early Cretaceous. The species illustrated (Figures 10-12) is dis- Podobursa tricola Foreman, 1973b, p. 267, pi. 13, fig. 9; pi. 16, fig. 12. tinguished by the small conical proximal part with its three segments clearly marked by external strictures. The large globose segment has Genus PODOCAPSA Rust, emend. Foreman no spines. The species illustrated (Figure 14) is distinguished from the Podocapsa Rust, 1885, p. 304. Foreman, 1973b, p. 267. preceding species by the character of its small proximal part which is almost cylindrical, rather than conical. Well-preserved specimens have Podocapsa amphitreptera Foreman a few short cylindrical spines on the last globose segment. (Plate 6, Figure 15) This form may be a descendant of Sethocapsa leiostraca; however, (Range chart number 2) no connecting forms are known. Podocapsa amphitreptera Foreman, 1973b, p. 267, pi. 13, fig. 11. Genus SYRINGOCAPSA Neviani Genus SETHOCAPSA Haeckel Syringocapsa Neviani, 1900, p. 662. Foreman, 1973b, p. 268. Sethocapsa Haeckel, 1881, p. 433. Foreman, 1973b, p. 267. Remarks: Included here are forms with three or more segments in which the last segment is globose, does not bear any spines, and ter- Sethocapsa cetia Foreman minates in a porous tube. The distinction between Podobursa and (Plate 6, Figure 14) Syringocapsa on the basis of the presence or absence of spines is rather (Range chart number 5) artificial and thus separates two closely related forms, Podobursa (?) Sethocapsa cetia Foreman, 1973b, p. 267, pi. 12, fig. 1; pi. 16, fig. 19. polylophia and Syringocapsa limatum. However, until the relationships of these and other forms assigned to these two genera are better un- Sethocapsa leiostraca Foreman derstood, no change in generic assignments is made. (Plate 2J, Figure 5) (Range chart number 9) Syringocapsa limatum Foreman Sethocapsa leiostraca Foreman, 1973b, p. 268, pi. 12, fig. 5, 6. (Plate 2K, Figure 7) (Range chart number 11) Sethocapsa (?) orca Foreman, new species Syringocapsa limatum Foreman, 1973b, p. 268, pi. 11, fig. 6, 7; pi. 16, (Plate 2J, Figures 1, 2; Plate 6, Figure 12) (Range chart number 32) fig. 8. Remarks: Early forms tend to have larger pores, similar to those of Description: The shell is large, of probably four segments; a Podobursa (?) polylophia, and a slightly ridged horn. These early forms cephalis and two post-cephalic segments comprising a small conical differ from P. (?) polylophia with which they co-occur in lacking the proximal part, and a large spherical terminal segment. The proximal spines and more prominent median nodes from which these spines segments have small irregular pores and the large spherical segment arise. 617 H. P. FOREMAN Family WILLIERIEDELLIDAE Dumitrica, 1970 Prunopyle tetrapila Hays, 1965 (partim), p. 172, pi. 2, fig. 5. Sphaeropyle robusta Kling, 1973 (partim), pi. 1, fig. 11; pi. 13, fig. 1-3. Genus HEMICRYPTOCAPSA Tan, emend. Dumitrica Description: The forms encountered here agree well with the Hemicryptocapsa Tan, 1927, p. 50. Dumitrica, 1970, p. 70. description of Dreyer, differing only in that the outer shell is not con- sistently smooth, but may have short thorny by-spines. Longer spines, Hemicryptocapsa spp. cf. H. capita Tan when present, are up to six in number, disposed as for the Cubo- (Plate 21, Figures 18, 20) sphaeridae; one of these spines, particularly on younger forms, may be (Range chart number 22) associated with the pylome. In addition, the size of the pores of the outer shell and its thickness vary considerably among individual Hemicryptocapsa spp. cf. H. capita Tan, 1927, pi. 6, fig. 1-4. specimens. The second shell has rounded pores, generally irregular in Remarks: The species included under this heading are apparently size, 8 to 12 per half a circumference. related to Syringocapsa agolarium Foreman, 1973b, from which they Measurements (based on 50 specimens from 310-1-1 to 310-6, CC). differ in lacking a sturdy horn. In the DSDP Leg 32 material studied, Diameter of outer shell 110-210µ, second shell 70-114µ, third shell 25- no specimens of S. agolarium were encountered, perhaps indicating a 45µ, innermost shell 12-15µ. Thickness of outer shell 3-15µ. very short range between Cores 307-7 and 307-8. Remarks: S. langii is distinguished from S. robusta as described un- der that species. Genus HOLOCRYPTOCANIUM Dumitrica Holocryptocanium Dumitrica, 1970, p. 75. Sphaeropyle robusta Kling emend. (Plate 9, Figures 24-26) Holocryptocanium barbui Dumitrica (Range chart number 10) (Plate IF, Figure 9; Plate 6, Figure 13) Sphaeropyle robusta Kling, 1973, p. 634, pi. 1, fig. 12; pi. 6, fig. 9-13. (Range chart number 47) Description: As indicated by Kling (1973), with the exception that Holocryptocanium barbui Dumitrica, 1970, p. 76, pi. 17, fig. 105-108; forms with both thick and thin shells are included, and that the second pi. 21, fig. 36. Petrushevskaya and Koslova, 1972, pi. 1, fig. 3. shell has rounded, regular, closely spaced pores, 12 to 16 per half a cir- Remarks: Unless the internal structures can be observed, it is vir- cumference. These pores sometimes approach or equal the size of the tually impossible to identify this species confidently. Therefore, the pores in the outer shell. first and last appearances given in the tabulations and the events list, Measurements (based on 30 specimens from 310-3, CC to 310-9-4). dependent as they are on preservation, probably do not reflect the true Diameter of outer shell 135-235µ, second shell 85-125µ, third shell 35- range of this species. 40µ, innermost shell 12-15µ. Thickness of outer shell 7-18µ. A form identified as Holocryptocanium sp. (Plate IF, Figure 10) Remarks: Sphaeropyle robusta could not be distinguished from S. differs in having a slightly nodose surface. langii on the basis of the relative robustness of the outer shell. Instead it is distinguished from S. langii by its second shell which has distinctly Genus ZHAMOIDELLUM Dumitrica smaller pores, more regular in size. Using the size and regularity of the pores of the second shell as the criteria for distinguishing these two Zhamoidellum Dumitrica, 1970, p. 79. species gives a somewhat longer morphological range for S. langii than indicated by Kling. Zhamoidellum ornatum (Zhamoida) (?) (Plate 21, Figures 15, 16) (Range chart number 33) Subfamily ARTISCINAE Haeckel, 1881, emend. Riedel, 1967b Tricolocapsa ornata Zhamoida, 1972, p. 117, pi. 4, fig. 2; pi. 5, fig. 5. Ommatartus sp. Conosphaera sphaeroconus RUst in Heitzer, 1930, p. 386, pi. 27, fig. 4. (Plate 8, Figures 17, 18) Remarks: This species is questionably assigned to Zhamoida's (Range chart number 18) species Tricolocapsa ornata because that species is reported from the Jurassic only and because it apparently has fewer nodes. It differs from Remarks: In the interval immediately above the Ommatartus Tricolocapsa nodosa Tan in lacking an aperture. penultimus Zone are found artiscin shells without caps or spongy columns. They are apparently related to the artiscins found in the Cenozoic lower zone, but cannot be confidently identified and are tabulated as Ommatartus sp. Suborder SPUMELLARIA Ommatartus sp. A Family ACTINOMMIDAE Haeckel, 1862, emend. Riedel, 1967b (Plate 8, Figures 20-23) (Range chart number 2) Axoprunum angelinum (Campbell and Clark) Cannartus sp. Riedel and Sanfilippo, 1971, p. 1587, pi. ID, fig. 1. (Plate 9, Figures 28, 29) Cannartus laticonus Riedel in Sanfilippo et al., 1973, p. 216, pi. 1, fig. 6 (Range chart number 11) (not fig. 4, 5). Axoprunum angelinum (Campbell and Clark) in Kling, 1973, p. 634, pi. Description: Artiscins with smooth shells, almost spherical to ellip- 1, fig. 13-16; pi. 6, fig. 14-18. soidal or box-like in shape, sometimes with a slight median constric- tion, and a small clear zone at the base of their spongy columns. Prunopyle titan Campbell and Clark Remarks: Although this form and Ommatartus sp. B are obviously closely related to the artiscins of the equatorial Pacific, they are here Prunopyle titan Campbell and Clark, in Campbell and Clark, 1944a, p. considered as separate species. See Remarks under Ommatartus sp. B. 20, pi. 3, fig. 1-3. It is difficult to distinguish the clear zone at the base of the spongy This species was searched for but only found as three isolated columns in one or two particularly robust forms from 310-9-1, 120-123 specimens in Samples 310-8-1, 125-127; and 310-9-4, 124-126. (Plate 8, Figure 21). However, as all the forms in the next lower sample—304-2-1, 80-82—show this clear zone, it is judged that the Genus SPHAEROPYLE Dreyer lack of a distinct clear zone is due only to the robustness of the form. Sphaeropyte Dreyer, 1889, p. 12. Type species (subsequent designation by Campbell, 1954, p. D66) Sphaeropyle langii Dreyer, 1889. Ommatartus sp. B (Plate 8, Figures 24, 25) Sphaeropyle langii Dreyer (Range chart number 3) (Plate 9, Figures 30, 31) Cannartus laticonus Riedel in Sanfilippo et al., 1973, p. 216, pi. 1, fig. 4, (Range chart number 21) 5. Sphaeropyle langii Dreyer, 1889, p. 13, pi. 4, fig. 54. Kling, 1973, p. Cannartus violina Haeckel in Sanfilippo et al., 1973, pi. 1, fig. 12 (not 634, pi. 1, fig. 5-10; pi. 13, fig. 6-8. fig. 11). 618 RADIOLARIA Ommatartus antepenultimus Riedel and Sanfilippo in Sanfilippo et al., Family OROSPHAERIDAE Haeckel, 1887 1973, p. 216, pi. 1, fig. 13-15. Description: Artiscins with a slightly nodular to distinctly nodular Oroscena sp. shell, almost spherical to ellipsoidal or box-like in shape, sometimes (Range chart number 1) with a slight median constriction, and with a small clear zone at the Oroscena sp. in Bandy et al., 1971, pi. 2, fig. 2, 3. base of each spongy column. Remarks: In the material studied the last occurrence of oroscenids Remarks: Although these forms could be considered as simply with digitate spines is at the top of the Ommatartus antepenultimus robust forms of O. antepenultimus they co-occur with rare specimens Zone. This may serve to correlate that datum plane with the top of of that form and can be seen to differ markedly in the character of the Casey's Upsilon C Zone (Bandy et al., 1971, p. 4). polar caps and columns. Ommatartus sp. A and O. sp. B are thus con- sidered to constitute a separate and distinct lineage. The illustration in Family SPONGODISCIDAE Haeckel, 1862, emend. Riedel, 1967a Sanfilippo et al. (1973, pi. 1, fig. 12) of an early form of O. sp. B at a much lower level than any considered here serves as the tenuous basis Spongaster pentas Riedel and Sanfilippo for the suggestion that this is the ancestral species and that the evolutionary progression proceeds from a nodular to a smooth form. Spongasterpentas Riedel and Sanfilippo, 1971, p. 1586, pi. ID, fig. 5-7. Remarks: This form was searched for, but only two isolated specimens were found, one in the Eucyrtidium matuyamai Zone and Ommatartus sp. cf. Cannartus bassanii (Carnevale) the other in the Stichocorys peregrina Zone. (Plate 8, Figures 9-12) (Range chart number 4) Spongaster tetras irregularis Nigrini cf. Cannartus bassanii (Carnevale) in Sanfilippo et al., 1973, p. 216, pi. (Plate 9, Figure 27) 1, fig. 1-3. (Range chart number 29) Description: Shell with a distinct hourglass shape. The surface may Spongaster tetras irregularis Nigrini, 1967, p. 43, pi. 5, fig. 2. be smooth or nodular. It bears, at each end, two polar caps sur- mounted by a spongy polar column. In the earlier forms the second Spongaster tetras tetras Ehrenberg cap can barely be discerned, but it is well developed in the younger forms, which, however, have much reduced polar columns. Spongaster tetras tetras Ehrenberg in Riedel and Sanfilippo, 1971, p. Remarks: This form may be a descendant of Cannartus bassanii 1589, pi. ID, fig. 2-4. which occurs in older material. It differs from C. bassanii in having polar caps and a smooth or nodular surface rather than lacking caps Suborder NASSELLARIA and having a spiny surface as does C. bassanii. Alternately, the absence of this form from the oldest sample in this sequence, 304-2-1, 80-82, Family ACANTHODESMIDIIDAE Hertwig, 1879 suggests that there is no connecting form to Cannartus bassanii and that the ancestor might be the form illustrated as Cannartus laticonus Giraffospyris lata Goll Plate 8, Figure 4. Giraffospyris lata Goll in Sanfilippo and Riedel, 1973, p. 529, pi. 18, fig. 3-7; pi. 33, fig. 4. Ommatartus antepenultimus Riedel and Sanfilippo (Plate 8, Figures 13, 14) Dendrospyris bursa Sanfilippo and Riedel (Range chart number 14) (Plate 8, Figures 1, 2) (Range chart number 5) Ommatartus antepenultimus Riedel and Sanfilippo, 1971, p. 1588, pi. 1C, fig. 11, 12. Dendrospyris bursa Sanfilippo and Riedel in Sanfilippo et al., 1973, p. Remarks: Rare forms differ from Ommatartus sp. B in the character 217, pi. 2, fig. 9-13. of the polar caps and columns. Theocampe ? a sp. Nakaseko, 1963, p. 183, pi. 2, fig. 8a, b. Remarks: The forms examined here consistently lack a horn and so resemble more the specimens illustrated by Nakaseko. Ommatartus avitus (?) (Riedel) [?] Ommatartus avitus (Riedel) in Riedel and Sanfilippo, 1971, p. 1588, Family ARTOSTROBIIDAE Riedel, 1967b pi. 4, fig. 6. Remarks: The rare forms observed in this material are only Artostrobium tumidulum (Bailey) questionably identified because they lack the nodular surface de- (Plate 9, Figure 23) scribed for O. avitus. Eucyrtidium tumidulum Bailey, 1856, p. 5, pi. 1, fig. 6. Artostrobium miralestense (Campbell and Clark) in Kling, 1973, p. Ommatartus hughesi (Campbell and Clark) 639, pi. 5, fig. 31-35, pi. 12, fig. 28-31. (Plate 8, Figure 3) (Range chart number 15) Lithomitra docilis Foreman Ommatartus hughesi (Campbell and Clark) in Kling, 1973, p. 634, pi. 7, Lithomitra docilis Foreman, 1973a, p. 431, pi. 8, fig. 20-22; pi. 9, fig. 3- fig. 6. 5. Theocampe amphora (Haeckel) group Ommatartus penultimus (Riedel) Theocampe amphora (Haeckel) group Foreman, 1973a, p. 431, pi. 8, (Plate 8, Figures 15, 16) (Range chart number 16) fig. 7, 9-13; pi. 9, fig. 8, 9. Ommatartus penultimus (Riedel) in Riedel and Sanfilippo, 1971, p. Theocampe urceolus (Haeckel) 1588, pi. 1C, fig. 8-10. Theocampe urceolus (Haeckel) in Foreman, 1973a, p. 432, pi. 8, fig. 14- 17; pi. 9, fig. 6, 7. Ommatartus tetrathalamus (Haeckel) (Plate 8, Figure 19) Family AMPHIPYNDACIDAE Riedel, 1967b (Range chart number 20) Panartus tetrathalamus Haeckel, in Nigrini, 1967, p. 30, pi. 2, fig. 4a-d. Amphipternis clava (Ehrenberg) Panartus tetrathalamus coronatus Haeckel, 1887, in Nigrini, 1970, p. Amphipternis clava (Ehrenberg) in Foreman, 1973a, p. 430, pi. 7, fig. 168, pi. 1, fig. 13, 14; fig. 12. 16, 17; pi. 9, fig. 2; p. 444, fig. 7. 619 H. P. FOREMAN Family PTEROCORYIDAE Haeckel, 1881 The generic assignment of Buryella clinata has not been changed to emend. Riedel, 1967a that of its ancestor because that generic assignment, indicated by a (?), is also unsatisfactory. Lamprocyrtis hannai (Campbell and Clark) (Plate 9, Figures 17-19) Bekoma bidarfensis Riedel and Sanfilippo (Range chart number 19) Bekoma bidarfensis Riedel and Sanfilippo in Foreman, 1973a, p. 432, Lamprocyrtis (?) hannai (Campbell and Clark) in Kung, 1973, p. 638, pi. 3, fig. 20, 21; pi. 10, fig. 6. pi. 5, fig. 12-14; pi. 12, fig. 10-14. Remarks: When at the lower end of its range the abdomen becomes shorter, more inflated, and the pores smaller and more irregular, this Buryella pentadica Foreman species passes over to Lamprocyrtis margatensis (Campbell and Clark) Buryella pentadica Foreman, 1973a, p. 433, pi. 8, fig. 8; pi. 9, fig. 15, (Plate 9, Figure 16). 16. Lamprocyrtis haysi Kling Buryella tetradica Foreman (Plate 9, Figure 22) (Range chart number 28) Buryella tetradica Foreman, 1973a, p. 436, pi. 8, fig. 4, 5; pi. 9, fig. 13, 14. Lamprocyrtis haysi Kling, 1973, p. 639, pi. 5, fig. 15, 16; pi. 15, fig. 1-3. Lamprocyrtis heteroporos (Hays) Cyclampterium (?) sp. (Plate 9, Figure 20) (Plate 8, Figures 5, 6) (Range chart number 23) (Range chart number 6) Lamprocyrtis heteroporos (Hays) in Kling, 1973, p. 639, pi. 5, fig. 19, Remarks: Under this heading are considered forms which resemble 20. very much C. (?) tanythorax. However, their stratigraphic position is [?] Lamprocyrtis heteroporos (Hays) in Kling, pi. 5, fig. 21. well above the range for that species. Both C. (?) brachythorax and C. Remarks: This species is interpreted rather strictly as described by (?) neatum, the descendants of C. (?) tanythorax, were looked for but Hays. The pores of the abdomen must be large as well as irregular. not found; and it could be considered that in the northern Pacific C. Forms with small pores and only a slight irregularity in pore size and tanythorax continued with a longer upward range and never evolved arrangement are excluded and assigned to L. hannai. into C. (?) brachythorax. Alternately, the stratigraphic position of these specimens could be interpreted to suggest that they may repre- Lamprocyrtis neoheteroporos Kling sent forms intermediate in the evolutionary progression from C. (?) (Plate 9, Figure 21) brachythorax to C. (?) neatum. (Range chart number 26) Cyrtocapsella cornuta Haeckel Lamprocyrtis neoheteroporos Kling, 1973, p. 639, pi. 5, fig. 17, 18; pi. (Plate 8, Figure 8) 15, fig. 4, 5. Cyrtocapsella cornuta Haeckel in Sanfilippo and Riedel, 1970, p. 453, Theocorythium trachelium dianae (Haeckel) pi. 1, fig. 19, 20. (Plate 9, Figure 13) (Range chart number 25) Cyrtocapsella japonica Nakaseko Theocorythium trachelium dianae (Haeckel) in Nigrini, 1967, p. 77, pi. (Plate 8, Figure 7) 8, fig. la, b; pi. 9, fig. la, b. Eusyringium japonicum Nakaseko, 1963, p. 193, pi. 4, fig. 1-3. Remarks: See T. trachelium trachelium. Eucyrtidium calvertense Martin Theocorythium trachelium trachelium (Ehrenberg) (Plate 9, Figure 14) (Plate 9, Figure 12) (Range chart number 24) Eucyrtidium calvertense Martin, 1904, p. 450, pi. 130, fig. 5. Theocorythium trachelium trachelium (Ehrenberg) in Nigrini, 1967, p. Eucyrtidium matuyamai Hays 79, pi. 8, fig. 2; pi. 9, fig. 2. (Plate 9, Figure 15) Remarks: It was not always possible to confidently identify T. (Range chart number 27) trachelium trachelium from T. trachelium dianae. Eucyrtidium matuyamai Hays, 1970, p. 213, pi. 1, fig. 7-9. Theocorythium vetulum Nigrini (Plate 9, Figure 11) Lamptonium fabaeforme (?) chaunothorax Riedel and Sanfilippo (Range chart number 17) Lamptonium fabaeforme (?) chaunothorax Riedel and Sanfilippo in Theocorythium vetulum Nigrini, 1971, p. 447, pi. 34.1, fig. 6a, b. Foreman, 1973a, p. 436, pi. 6, fig. 10-12. Family THEOPERIDAE Haeckel, 1881, emend. Riedel, 1967b Lamptonium fabaeforme (?) constrictum Riedel and Sanfilippo Lamptonium fabaeforme (?) constrictum Riedel and Sanfilippo in Fore- Buryella clinata (Foreman) man, 1973a, p. 436, pi. 6, fig. 13, 14. (Plate 9, Figures 35, 36) Buryella clinata Foreman, 1973a, p. 433, pi. 8, fig. 1-3; pi. 9, fig. 19. Lamptonium fabaeforme fabaeforme (Krasheninnikov) (?) Remarks: Because of the rather large time interval between Cores 94-31 and 94-32 of DSDP Leg 10, no immediate ancestor for Buryella Lamptonium fabaeforme fabaeforme (Krasheninnikov) (?) in Foreman, clinata was observed, and the species was considered to have evolved 1973a, p. 436, pi. 6, fig. 6-9. from Buryella tetradica. In the material from Leg 32, however, two cores were recovered, 313-13 and 313-12, which represent part of this Lamptonium pennatum Foreman interval, and it becomes apparent that Buryella clinata evolved not Lamptonium pennatum Foreman, 1973a, p. 436, pi. 6, fig. 3-5; pi. 11, from B. tetradica but from another form here named Pterocodon (?) fig. 13. anteclinata which appears to be closely related to P. (?) ampla (?) of DSDP Leg 10 (Foreman, 1973a). The details of the evolutionary change are illustrated (Plate 9, Figures 32-36). The distinction between Lithochytris archaea Riedel and Sanfilippo Buryella clinata and Pterocodon (?) anteclinata is made in the remarks Lithochytris archaea Riedel and Sanfilippo in Foreman, 1973a, p. 436, for the latter form. pi. 2, fig. 4, 5. 620 RADIOLARIA Lithopera bacca Ehrenberg Theocorys (?) phyzella Foreman (Range chart number 12) Theocorys (?) phyzella Foreman, 1973a, p. 440, pi. 5, fig. 8; pi. 12, fig. Lithopera (Lithopera} bacca Ehrenberg in Riedel and Sanfilippo, 1971, 1. p. 1594, pi. IF, fig. 10-13. Theocorys sp. Lychnocanomma bellum (Clark and Campbell) (Plate 9, Figure 8) Lychnocanomma bellum (Clark and Campbell) in Foreman, 1973a, p. (Range chart number 7) 437, pi. 1, fig. 17; pi. 11, fig. 9. Remarks: This form with its three simple segments, wide open mouth, and medianly constricted abdomen resembles in general form Phormocyrtis cubensis (Riedel and Sanfilippo) T. anaclasta from which it differs primarily in its smaller size and hav- ing abdominal pores less differentiated in size from those of the Phormocyrtis cubensis (Riedel and Sanfilippo) in Foreman, 1973a, p. thorax. No connecting forms are known. 438, pi. 7, fig. 11, 12, 14. Phormocyrtis striata exquisita (Kozlova) Theocotyle (Theocotyle) cryptocephala (?) nigriniae Riedel and Sanfilippo Phormocyrtis striata exquisita (Kozlova) in Foreman, 1973a, p. 438, pi. 7,fig. 1-4, 7, 8; pi. 12, fig. 5. Theocotyle (Theocotyle) cryptocephala (?) nigriniae Riedel and San- filippo in Foreman, 1973a, p. 440, pi. 4, fig. 1-5; pi. 12, fig. 17. Phormocyrtis striata striata Brandt Theocotyle (Theocotylissa) alpha Foreman Phormocyrtis striata striata Brandt in Foreman, 1973a, p. 438, pi. 7, Theocotyle (Theocotylissa) alpha Foreman, 1973a, p. 441, pi. 4, fig. 13- fig. 5, 6, 9. 15; pi. 12, fig. 16. Phormocyrtis turgida (Krasheninnikov) Theocotyle (Theocotylissa) auctor Foreman Phormocyrtis turgida (Krasheninnikov) in Foreman, 1973a, p. 438, pi. 7, fig. 10; pi. 12, fig. 6. Theocotyle (Theocotylissa) auctor Foreman, 1973a, p. 441, pi. 4, fig. 8- 10; pi. 12, fig. 13. Pterocanium prismatium Riedel Theocotyle (Theocotylissa) ficus (Ehrenberg) (Plate 9, Figure 9) Pterocanium prismatium Riedel, 1957, p. 87, pi. 3, fig. 4, 5. Theocotyle (Theocotylissa) ficus (Ehrenberg) in Foreman, 1973a, p. 441, pi. 4, fig. 16-20. Pterocodon (?) anteclinata Foreman, new species Theocotyle (Theocotylissa) (?) fimbria Foreman (Plate 9, Figures 32-34) Theocotyle (Theocotylissa) (?) fimbria Foreman, 1973a, p. 441, pi. 5, Description: Shell small, of four segments, subcylindrical to fig. 1, 2; pi. 12, fig. 21. spindle-shaped. The small subspherical porous cephalis bears a Remarks: The forms present here uniformly have three short ridged slender, relatively long horn and an upward directed vertical pore. The feet, rather than the variable number in the early forms described from two post-cephalic segments are smooth without external segmental DSDP Leg 10. division and have rounded pores arranged quincuncially in transverse and diagonal rows. Only small fragments of the third post-cephalic Thyrsocyrtis hirsuta hirsute (Krasheninnikov) segment have been observed. Thyrsocyrtis hirsuta hirsuta (Krasheninnikov) emend, in Foreman, Measurements (based on 10 specimens from 313-13, CC; 12-5, 124- 1973a, p. 441, pi. 3, fig. 3-8; pi. 12, fig. 15. 125; 12-3, 124-126; 12-1, 128-131). Length of first three segments in- Remarks: Because of the rather large time interval between Samples cluding horn, 125-140µ (majority 125-130µ). Width of abdomen 60- 94-32 and 94-31 of DSDP Leg 10, the details of the evolutionary 80µ (majority 60-70µ). change from T. tarsipes —» T. hirsuta hirsuta were not clearly spelled Remarks: Early forms have the horn cylindrical with a roughened out in Foreman, 1973a. T. tarsipes typically has a smooth slender blunt tip or roughened overall. This gradually becomes conical, horn, cephalis with numerous pores, vestigial wings on the thorax, and sharper, basally ridged with, in late forms, the ridges beginning to ex- porous feet, while T. hirsuta typically has a smooth sturdier horn, tend onto the cephalis. In late forms also, the thorax becomes relative- cephalis poreless or with only a few pores, thorax without vestigial ly shorter and the abdomen more inflated, barrel-shaped. When the wings, and feet thickened medianly, without pores. When the horn horn becomes pointed, completely ridged with well-developed ridges becomes sturdy, the feet thickened and poreless, and the thorax loses extending down to the base of the cephalis so that the change in con- its vestigial wings, T. tarsipes passes over to T. hirsuta hirsuta. Late tour from the cephalis to the horn is obscured and the abdomen is in- forms of T. tarsipes may lack vestigial wings and early forms of T. hir- flated, barrel-shaped, this species passes over to Buryella clinata. suta hirsuta may still have a few pores on the feet and cephalis, as for T. tarsipes. Pterocodon (?) tenellus Foreman Pterocodon (?) tenellus Foreman, 1973a, p. 439, pi. 5, fig. 7; pi. 12, fig. Thyrsocyrtis hirsuta tensa Foreman 4. Thyrsocyrtis hirsuta tensa Foreman, 1973a, p. 442, pi. 3, fig. 13-16; pi. 12, fig. 8. Rhopalocanium ornatum Ehrenberg Rhopalocanium ornatum Ehrenberg in Foreman, 1973a, p. 439, pi. 2, Thyrsocyrtis tarsipes Foreman fig. 8-10; pi. 12, fig. 3. Thyrsocyrtis tarsipes Foreman, 1973a, p. 442, pi. 3, fig. 9; pi. 12, fig. 14. Theocorys acroria Foreman Remarks: T. tarsipes is distinguished from T. hirsuta hirsuta as Theocorys acroria Foreman, 1973a, p. 439, pi. 5, fig. 11-13; pi. 12, fig. described under that species. 2. Tricolocampe vitrea Krasheninnikov Theocorys anaclasta Riedel and Sanfilippo Tricolocampe vitrea Krasheninnikov in Foreman, pi. 7, fig. 3. Theocorys anaclasta Riedel and Sanfilippo in Foreman, 1973a, p. 440, pi. 5, fig. 14, 15. Incertae sedis Theocorys anapographa Riedel and Sanfilippo Lophocyrtis biaurita (Ehrenberg) Theocorys anapographa Riedel and Sanfilippo in Foreman, 1973a, p. Lophocyrtis biaurita (Ehrenberg) in Foreman, 1973a, p. 442, pi. 8, fig. 440, pi. 5, fig. 9, 10. 23-26. 621 H. P. FOREMAN Stichocorys delmontensis (Campbell and Clark) Dreyer, F., 1889. Die Pylombildungen in vergleichend- (Plate 9, Figures 5-7) anatomischer und entwicklungsgeschichtlicher Beziehung (Range chart number 8) bei Radiolarien und bei Protisten überhaupt, nebst System Stichocorys delmontensis (Campbell and Clark) in Riedel and Sanfilip- und Beschreibung neuer und der bis jetzt bekannten po, 1971, p. 1595, pi. IF, fig. 5-7; pi. 2E, fig. 10, 11. pylomatischen Spumellarien: Jena. Z. Naturwiss., v. 23, new ser. 16, p. 77-214. Stichocorys peregriπa Riedel Dumitrica, P., 1970. Cryptocephalic and cryptothoracic (Plate 9, Figures 1-4) Nassellaria in some Mesozoic deposits of Romania: Rev. (Range chart number 9) Roum. Geol., Géophys., Géogr., Ser. Geol., v. 14, p. 45- Eucyrtidium elongatum peregrinum Riedel, 1953, p. 812, pi. 85, fig. 2. 124. Stichocorys peregrina (Riedel) in Riedel and Sanfilippo, 1971, p. 1595, Ehrenberg, C. G., 1838. Uber die Bildung der Kreidefelsen pi. IF, fig. 2-4; pi. 8, fig. 5. und des Kreidemergels durch unsichtbare Organismen: Kgl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, Abh., Jahre 1838, p. 59-147. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS , 1847. Uber die mikroskopischen kieselschaligen The writer wishes to thank her co-scientists on Leg 32, D. Polycystinen als machtige Gebirgsmasse von Barbados und Bukry and H. P. Luterbacher, and E. Vincent, for their co- Uber das Verhaltniss der aus mehr als 300 neuen Arten operative effort in providing the calcareous control on which bestehenden ganz eigenthümlichen Formengruppe jener most of the age assignments are based; A. L. Brigger for pre- Felsmasse zu den jetzt lebenden Thieren und zur Kreide- paring the most difficult samples; and D. Daub, J. Gilbert, M. bildung. Eine neue Anregung zur Erforschung des Montgomery, and H. Walker for assistance in the final com- Erdlebens: Kgl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. 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C, et al., Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Pro- Coulsdon (Surrey): Geol. Soc. London, Quart. J., v. 56, p. ject, Volume 14: Washington (U.S. Government Printing 694-704. Office), p. 495-648. Ichikawa, K. and Yao, A., in preparation. Two new genera of Renz, G. W., 1974. Radiolaria from Leg 27 of the Deep Sea Mesozoic cyrtoid radiolarians from Japan. Drilling Project. In Veevers, J. J., Heirtzler, J. R., et al., Kling, S. A., 1971. Radiolaria. In Fischer, A. G., Heezen, B. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Volume C, et al., Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 27: Washington (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 769- Volume 6: Washington (U.S. Government Printing Office), 842. p. 1069-1117. Riedel, W. R., 1953. Mesozoic and late Tertiary Radiolaria of , 1973. Radiolaria from the Eastern North Pacific, Rotti: J. Paleontol., v. 27, p. 805-813. Deep Sea Drilling Project, Leg 18. In Kuhn, L. D., von , 1957. Radiolaria: a preliminary stratigraphy: Rept. Huene, R., et al., Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Swedish Deep-Sea Exped. 1947-1948, v. 6, p. 59-96. Project, Volume 18: Washington (U.S. Government Print- ., 1967a. Protozoa [Subclass Radiolaria]. In Harland, ing Office), p. 617-671. W. B., et al. (Eds.) The fossil record: London (Geol. Soc. Lozyniak, P. Yu., 1969. Radioliarii nizhnemelovykh ot- London), p. 291-298. lozhenii Ukrainskikh Karpat. (Radiolaria of the Lower ., 1967b. Some new families of Radiolaria: Geol. Soc. Cretaceous sediments of the Ukrainian Carpathians.) In London, Proc, no. 1640, p. 148-149. Vialov, O. C. (Ed.), Iskopaemye i Sovremannye radioliarii Riedel, W. R. and Sanfilippo, A., 1970. Radiolaria, Leg 4, (Fossil and Recent radiolarians): L'vov. Geol. O-vo., Deep Sea Drilling Project. In Bader, R. G., Gerard, R. D., L'vov. Univ., p. 29-41. et al., Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Martin, G. C, 1904. Radiolaria: Maryland Geol. Survey Volume 4: Washington (U.S. Government Printing Office), (Miocene), Baltimore, p. 447-459. p. 503-575. Moore, T. C, 1973. Radiolaria from Leg 17 of the Deep Sea , 1971. Cenozoic Radiolaria from the western Drilling Project. In Winterer, E. L., Ewing, J. L., et al., tropical Pacific, Leg 7. In Winterer, E. L., Riedel, W. R., et Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Volume al., Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 17: Washington (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 797- Volume 7: Washington (U.S. Government Printing Office), 869. p. 1529-1672. Nakaseko, K., 1963. Neogene Cyrtoidea (Radiolaria) from the ., 1974. Radiolaria from the southern Indian Ocean, Isozaki Formation in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan: Sci. Rept. DSDP Leg 26. In Davies, T. A., Luyendyk, B. P., et al., v. 12, p. 165-198. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Volume Neviani, A., 1900. Supplemento alia fauna a Radiolari delle 26: Washington (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 771- rocce mesozoiche del Bolognese: Soc. Geol. Ital., Boll., v. 814. 19, p. 645-670. Rust, D., 1885. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der fossilen Radio- Nigrini, C. A., 1967. Radiolaria in pelagic sediments from the larien aus Gesteinen des Jura: Palaeontographica, v. 31, Indian and Atlantic oceans: Scripps Inst. Oceanogr., Bull., ser. 3, p. 273-321. v. 11, p. 1-125. , 1898. Neue Beitrage zur Kenntniss der fossilen , 1970. Radiolarian assemblages in the North Pacific Radiolarien aus Gesteinen des Jura und der Kreide: Palae- and their application to a study of Quaternary sediments in ontographica, v. 45, p. 1-67. Core V20-130. In Geological investigations of the North Sanfilippo, A. and Riedel, W. R., 1970. Post-Eocene "closed" Pacific: Geol. Soc. Am., Mem. 126, p. 139-183. theoperid radiolarians: Micropaleontology, v. 16, p. 446- ., 1971. Radiolarian zones in the Quaternary of the 462. equatorial Pacific Ocean. In Funnell, B. M. and Riedel, W. , 1973. Cenozoic Radiolaria (exclusive of the R. (Eds.), Micropaleontology of the oceans: Cambridge theoperids, artostrobiids and amphipyndacids) from the (Cambridge Univ. Press), p. 443-461. Gulf of Mexico. In Worzel, J. L., Bryant, W., et al., Initial Parona, C. F., 1890. Radiolarie nei noduli, selciosi del calcare Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Volume 10: giurese di Cittiglio presso Laverno: Soc. Geol. Ital., Boll., Washington (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 475- v. 9, p. 132-175. 611. Pessagno, E. A., Jr., 1963. Upper Cretaceous Radiolaria from Sanfilippo, A., Burckle, L. H., Martini, E., and Riedel, W. R., Puerto Rico: Micropaleontology, v. 9, p. 197-214. 1973. Radiolarians, diatoms, silicoflagellates, and cal- , 1969. Mesozoic planktonic foraminifera and careous nannofossils in the Mediterranean Neogene: Radiolaria. In Ewing, M., Worzel, J. L., et al., Initial Micropaleontology, v. 19, p. 209-234. Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Volume 1: Squinabol, S., 1903a. Radiolarie fossili di Teolo (Euganei): R. Washington (U.S. Government Printing Office), p. 607- Accad. Sci. Lett. Arti Padova, Atti Mem., new ser., v. 19, 621. pt. 2, p. 127-130. ., 1971. Jurassic and Cretaceous Hagiastridae from , 1903b. Le Radiolarie dei noduli selciosi nella the Blake-Bahama Basin (Site 5A, JOIDES Leg I) and the Scaglia degli Euganei. Contribuzione I: Riv. Ital. Paleon- Great Valley sequence, California Coast Ranges: Bull. Am. tol., v. 9, p. 105-151. Paleontol., v. 60, p. 1-83. ., 1904. Radiolarie cretacee degli Euganei: R. Accad. ., 1972. Pseudoaulophacidae Riedel from the Sci. Lett. Arti Padova, Atti Mem., new ser., v. 20, pt. 3, p. Cretaceous of California and the Blake-Bahama Basin 171-244. 623 H. P. FOREMAN , 1914. Contributo alia conoscenza dei Radiolarii Zhamoida, A. I., 1968. Novye mezozoiskie radioliarii Sikhoté- fossili del Veneto. Appendice—Di un genere di Radiolari Alinia i nizhnevo Priamur'ia. (New Mesozoic radiolarians caratteristico del Secondario: Padova, R. Univ. 1st Geol. of Sikhoté-Alinia and lower Priamur.) In Novye vidy drev- Mem., v. 2, p. 249-306. nikh rastenii i bespozvonochnykh SSSR (New views of an- Tan Sin Hok, 1927. Over de samenstelling en het onstaan van cient plants and invertebrates of the USSR). VSEGEI Izd. krijt-en mergelgesteenten van de Molukken. (On the com- "Nedra," no. 2, pt. 1, p. 162-177. position and origin of chalks and marls in the Moluccas.) In , 1969. Pervye rezul'taty izuchenia mezozoiskikh Brouwer, H. A. (Ed.), Geologische onderzoekingen in den radioliarii Sakhalina. (First results of the study of Mesozoic oostelijken Oost-Indischen Archipel. V. (Geological in- Radiolaria on Sakhalin.) In Iskopaemye i sovremennye vestigations in the eastern East Indian Archipelago. V.): Radioliarii (Fossil and Recent radiolarians), Vialov, O. C. Jaarb. Mijnwez. Ned. Oost-Indië, v. 55 (1926), pt. 3, p. 3- (Ed.): L'vov Geol. O-vo., L'vov Univ., p. 17-28. 165. ., 1972. Biostratigrafiya mezozoiskikh kremnistykh White, M. P., 1928. Some index foraminifera of the Tampico tolshch vostoka SSSR na osnove izucheniya radioliarii. embayment area of Mexico (Part II): J. Paleontol., v. 2, p. (Biostratigraphy of the Mesozoic siliceous series of the East 280-317. of the USSR by study of Radiolaria.): Tr. VSEGEI, new Wisniowski, T., 1889. Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Mikrofauna ser., v. 183, 243. aus der oberjurassischen Feuersteinknollen der Umgegend Zhamoida, A. I., et al., 1968. Kompleksy mezozoiskikh von Krakau: Kaiserl.-Kgl. Geol. Reichsanst., Jahrb., v. 38 radioliarii vsstochio-Sakhalinskikh gor. (Complex of (4), Jahrg. 1888, p. 657-702. Mesozoic Radiolaria in the eastern Sakhalin mountains.) In Yao, A., 1972. Radiolarian fauna from the Mino Belt in the Ezheg. Vses. Paleontol. Obshch.: v. 18, p. 24-47. northern part of the Inuyama Area, central Japan: J. Zittel, K. A., 1876. Ueber einige fossile radiolarien aus der Geosci., v. 15, p. 21-65. norddeutschen Kreide: Deut. Geol. Ges., Z., v. 28, p. 75-86. 624 RADIOLARIA EXPLANATION OF PLATES In rare cases when a suitable specimen from the in- dicated level could not be found for illustration, a The plates have been arranged in two groups: syn- specimen from the next higher or lower level has been chronopticon plates to show horizontally, species oc- photographed and its sample number given in the plate curring at the same level, and vertically, evolutionary description. Because of the large differential in size of change; and more regular plates to show species at a the Radiolaria considered and the desirability of photo- larger magnification than permitted in the synchronop- graphing related Radiolaria at the same magnification, ticon. some illustrations resulted which could not always be The synchronopticon plates are numbered 1A-1D, fitted exactly in the horizontal level to which they 1F-1H; and 2C-2L. Plates in the number two series fit belonged. All such discrepancies in the levels of the under plates in the number one series with correspond- photographs should be considered as resulting only ing letters. from their size and not in any way indicating a slightly Other plates are numbered 3-9. higher or lower stratigraphic level. All Spumellaria for Plates illustrating Cretaceous Radiolaria include all of the synchronopticon have been photographed at a mag- the synchronopticon plates and in addition Plates 3-7. nification of × 84 and the Nassellaria at × 133. Cenozoic Radiolaria are illustrated on Plates 8-9. In order to save space, a few species that are obviously not related have sometimes been placed in the same ver- Synchronopticon levels from youngest to oldest are: tical row (e.g., Plate 21, Zhamoidellum ornatum (?) below Plates 1A-1D, 1F-1H Sethocapsa sp.). The letters and symbols indicating abundance: c, Artostrobium urna Zone 310A-10, CC common; f, few; r, rare; + , very rare; and , isolated Artostrobium urna Zone 310A-13, CC specimen, are defined in Presentation of Results in this Dictyomitra somphedia Zone 310A-16, CC chapter. Dictyomitra somphedia Zone 310A-17, CC Cenozoic Radiolaria on Plates 8 and 9 are frequently Dictyomitra somphedia Zone 307-3-1, 126-128 illustrated with more than one picture. These may be Plates 2C-2L from the same or different levels. When the levels differ, Acaeniotyle umbilicata Zone 306-6-1, 116-118 the specimens are arranged in sequence from the earliest Acaeniotyle umbilicata Zone 306-10-1, 124-125 specimen to the latest, with the earliest specimen having Eucyrtis tenuis Zone 305-66-1, 110-102 the lowest number. Eucyrtis tenuis Zone 307-7-1, 75-77 All specimens with USNM numbers are deposited in Sethocapsa trachyostraca Zone 307-8, CC the United States National Museum, Washington, D.C. 625 H. P. FOREMAN PLATE 1A All figures magnified ×84 Figures 1-3 Spongosaturnalis (?) multidentatus. 1. USNM 219339. V30/1. 2. USNM 219353. X35/1. 3. cs. S H14/0. Figures 4, 5 Spongosaturnalis (?) preclarus. 4. cs. 1 Q28/0. 5. cs. 1 J20/2. Figure 6 Spongosaturnalis hueyi. cs. 2 P23/2. Figures 7, 8 Spongosaturnalis hueyi group. 7. USNM 219354. T41/0. 8. USNM 219355. F40/1. 626 RADIOLARIA PLATE 1A 627 H. P. FOREMAN PLATE IB All figures magnified ×84 Figures 1-3 Spongosatumalis hueyi group. 1. USNM 219356. R23/0. 2. cs. 1 J12/2. 3. si. 6 H46/1. Figures 4, 5 Spongosaturnalis (?) ichikawai. 4. cs. 1 mm D24/3. 5. USNM 219357. F40/1. Figures 6, 7 Spongosaturnalis (?) eidalimus. 6. USNM 219356. VI1/2. 7. USNM 219370. X35/1. Figures 8-10 Spongosaturnalis (?) yaoi. 8. USNM 219340. C41/0. 9. cs. 2 V24/1. 10. si. 2 C12/1. Figure 11 Spongosaturnalis (?) moorei. USNM 219341. W28/1. 628 RADIOLARIA PLATE 1B %Å3 JL f % .A. v \i *• a 11 en O SàJà •r^ 2 o Q 629 H. P. FOREMAN PLATE 1C All figures magnified ×84 Figures 1, 2 Spongosatumalis squinaboli. 1. USNM 219342. N41/3. 2. cs. 1 Q21/3. Figures 3-10 Spongosatumalis (?) spp. 3. USNM 219343. N48/1. 4. USNM 219359. K20/1. 5. cs. 1 X36/1. 6. cs. 1 H50/1. 7. si. 6 K13/4. 8. cs. 3 PI 1/3. 9. cs. 2 C16/1. 10. cs. S H28/0. Figure 11 Acanthocircus sp. fn. 1 V32/1. 630 RADIOLARIA PLATE 1C fi 4 as I 1 f 3 .a o -a sz to P . jr \ O "'« o Λ + 6 631 H. P. FOREMAN PLATE ID All figures magnified ×84 Figure 1 Actinommid, gen. and sp. indet. cs. 1 mm N19/2. Figures 2, 3 Alievium galloway7. 2. cs. 1 mm R47/4. 3. cs. 1 mm T40/2. Figures 4, 5 Alievium praegallowayi. 4. si. 2 D15/3. 5. USNM 219360. B47/3. Figure 6 Crucella irwini. USNM 219361. W15/2 Figure 7 Crucella sp. USNM 219362. E39/2. Figures 8, 9 Crucella messinae. 8. cs. 1 O35/1. 9. USNM 219371. W39/0. 632 RADIOLARIA PLATE ID =3 + 4 on O 5 -σ sz to 2 633 H. P. FOREMAN PLATE IF Figure 1 Acaeniotyle sp. cf. Acaeniotyle diaphorogona. USNM 219363. G14/2, ×84. Figure 2 Staurosphaeretta hindei. USNM 219236. Ml3/1, ×84. Figures 3-5 Artostrobiwn Una. 3. 310A-8CC. USNM 219333. D14/4, ×133. 4. USNM 219351. B23/4, X133. 5. USNM 219366. R18/1, ×133. Figures 6, 7 Artostrobium urna. 6. 310A-8CC.USNM 219334. Y46/0, ×133. 7. USNM 219352. N38/2, ×133. Figure 8 Theocampe salillum. si. 2 S42/0, ×133. Figure 9 Holocryptocanium barbui. USNM 219237. E23/0, ×133. Figure 10 Holocryptocanium sp. eg. 4 G14/4, X133. (There is no plate numbered IE.) 634 RADIOLARIA PLATE 1F (T3 c: r 6 f 8 c o s~ CO B r 7 T3 CO +-> 635 H. P. FOREMAN PLATE 1G All figures magnified ×133 Figure 1 Platycryphalus sp. fn. 2 mm W34/3. Figures 2, 3 Lithomelissa (?) petila. 2. si. A C23/1. 3. USNM 219238. Q16/3. Figure 4 Dictyomitra veneta. USNM 219234. Y27/0. Figures 5, 6 Dictyomitra duodecimcostata. 5. si. 2 M22/1. 6. USNM 219367. B38/2. Figure 7 Dictyomitra sp. A. USNM 219235. H41/4. 636 RADIOLARIA PLATE 1G O S- +-> oo O -t-> CO Q 7 f 637 H. P. FOREMAN PLATE 1H All figures magnified ×133 Figure 1 Dictyomitra sp. cf. D. tekschaensis fn. 2 mm L21/0. Figure 2 Dictyomitra sp. USNM 219344. O22/1. Figure 3 Dictyomitra sp. USNM 219368. H47/0. Figure 4 Dictyomitra sp. USNM 219364. S46/4. Figure 5 Dictyomitra sp. cs. 2 G43/1. 638 RADIOLARIA PLATE 1H 639 H. P. FOREMAN PLATE 2C All figures magnified ×84 Figure 1 Spongosatumalis horridus. eg. 4 S45/4. Figures 2-6 Spongosatumalis (?) spp. 2. USNM 219197. B15/0. 3. USNM 219209. S46/4. 4. cs. D M17/2. 5. cs. 2 G38/0. 6. USNM 219196 G49/1. Figure 7 Acanthocircus sp. eg. 4 U28/0. Figure 8 Acanthocircus carinatus. USNM 219239. K17/0. Figures 9, 10 Acanthocircus variabilis. 9. USNM 219255. F45/0. 10. USNM 219265. G19/1. (There are no plates numbered 2A and 2B.) 640 RADIOLARIA PLATE 2C (T3 (T3 U f 6 E =3 E cu o -M fT3 ro -t-> o u 641 H. P. FOREMAN PLATE 2D All figures magnified ×84 Figures 1-4 Acanthocircus trizonalis. 1. USNM 219210. D25/0. 2. USNM 219219. Q51/0. 3. fn. C U32/1. 4. USNM 219266. X20/2. Figures 5, 6 Acanthocircus dicranacanthos. 5. si. B B36/0. 6. USNM 219256. N20/2. Figures 7, 8 Alievium sp. 7. cs. AA E38/1. 8. USNM 219267. P12/4. Figures 9-11 Crucella sp. 9. eg. 4 F 24/2. 10. cs. B mm U52/0. 11. si. 2 H24/4. 642 RADIOLARIA PLATE 2D -Q o LO o5 Z3 10 ft! O 11 643 H. P. FOREMAN PLATE 2E All figures magnified ×84 Figures 1, 2 Paronaella (?) hipposidericus. 1. cs. R S20/0. 2. USNM 219240. W 37/1. Figures 3-6 Sphaerostylus lanceola group. 3. USNM 219250. N22/3. 4. USNM 219183. X18/1. 5. USNM 219251. F30/3. 6. USNM 219268. P15/0. Figure 7 Staurosphaera septemporata. USNM 219252. N37/4. Figure 8 Dicroa periosa. eg. 4 D48/4. Figures 9-11 Dicroa sp. A. 9. si. B Y44/1. 10. si. B J20/2. 11. USNM 219269. G36/1. Figures 12, 13 Acaeniotyle helicta. 12. fn. B Gl 1/0. 13. USNM 219241. C16/1. Figures 14-17 Acaeniotyle umbilicata. 14. eg. 4 N34/3. 15. USNM 219184. S47/1. 16. USNM 219242. E44/4. 17. USNM 219257. V28/2. Figure 18 Acaeniotyle sp. aff. A. umbilicata. eg. 4 J26/1. 644 RADIOLARIA PLATE 2E -t-> O j E CD CD (J CO o 11 17 645 H. P. FOREMAN PLATE 2F All figures magnified ×84 Figures 1-5 Acaeniotyle diaphorogona. 1. USNM 219199. W30/4. 2. USNM 219211. Q23/1. 3. cs. B E38/0. 4. USNM 219243. R40/2. 5. cs. 2 E18/3. Figures 6, 7 Triactoma hybum. 6. USNM 219185. X47/1. 7. USNM 219244. N38/3. Figure 8 Staurosphaeretta hindei. USNM 219200. E17/1. Figures 9, 10 Triactoma echiodes. 9. USNM 219245. K17/2. 10. cs. 2 Y9/2. Figure 11 Trochodiscus exaspina. USNM 219201. V39/4. Figures 12-14 Actinommids, gen. and spp. indet. 12. USNM 219202. J32/1. 13. eg. 4 O25/1. 14. cs. 2 XI5/0. 646 RADIOLARIA PLATE 2F w A.L *• 11 12 O) +-> to (J LU r 9 oo 5 647 H. P. FOREMAN PLATE 2G All figures magnified ×133 Figure 1 Platycryphalus sp. si. A W52/0. Figure 2 Platycryphalus sp. aff. P. hirsuta si. A P30/2. Figures 3,4 Lithocampe elegantissima. 3. USNM 219186. H41/2. 4. cs. AA W36/0. Figures 5, 6 Dictyomitra (?) lacrimula. 5. USNM 219187. H22/0. 6. fn. BB V23/1. Figures 7, 8 Dictyomitra apiarium. 7. fn. B K19/0. 8. cs. T G27/0. Figures 9, 10 Dictyomitra sp. B. 9. si. 1 H22/3. 10. USNM 219213. S32/0. Figures 11-14 Dictyomitra carpatica (?). 11. cs. R P43/3. 12. fn. B B20/0. 13. si. 4 H41/4. 14. USNM 219270. U22/4. Figures 15-17 Dictyomitra sp. C. 15. cs. B A19/1. 16. cs. D C40/4. 17. USNM 219271. S38/O. Figures 18-20 Dictyomitra sp. A. 18. USNM 219203. B29/2. 19. USNM 219214. S27/0. 20. eg. 2 X35/2. 648 RADIOLARIA PLATE 2G * • × r 2 ε CD (V •I— =3 4-5 o =3 «r 7 - . CO o s- +-> CO O (J 03 649 H. P. FOREMAN PLATE 2H All figures magnified ×133 Figure 1 Dictyomitra sp. cf. D. teka USNM 219215. M10/0. Figure 2 Dictyomitra sp. USNM 219204. E31/0. Figure 3 Dictyomitra cosmoconica. cs. 2 K45/3. Figure 4 Dictyomitra (?) sp. cs. AA R 11/2. Figure 5 Dictyomitra sp. USNM 219205. T39/1. Figures 6, 7 Dictyomitra sp. 6. USNM 219246. P48/4. 7. USNM 219272. X38/3 Figures 8, 9 Dictyomitra alievi. 8. cs. B J31/0. 9. USNM 219247. S15/3. Figures 10, 11 Dictyomitra boesii. 10. fn. BB C51/2. 11. USNM 219258. B34/4. 650 RADIO L ARIA PLATE 2H rö 00 TCS o 651 H. P. FOREMAN PLATE 21 All figures magnified ×133 Figure 1 Eucyrtis micropora (?). USNM 219216. Q6/4. Figures 2-5 Eucyrtis micropora. 2. USNM 219188. E23/3. 3. fn. C W20/1. 4. USNM 219273. X 17/2. 5. USNM 219253. Q43/0. Cast. Figure 6 Eucyrtis tenuis (?). USNM 219217. P31/0. Figures 7-9 Eucyrtis tenuis. 7. USNM 219189. Q29/0. 8. fn. BB O27/2. 9. USNM 219254. D32/3. Cast. Figures 10-12 Sethocapsa sp. 10. cs. 1 mm F12/2. 11. eg. 4 C33/2. 12. fn. B D28/2. Figure 13 Spyrid gen. and sp. indet. USNM 219274. P21/1. Figure 14 Sethocapsa sp. si. A W37/4. Figures 15, 16 Zhamoidellum ornatum (?). 15. fn. B C14/1. 16. cs. D Y40/2. Figure 17 Diacanthocapsa communis. 306-6CC.USNM 219207. K12/3. Figures 18,20 Hemicryptocapsa spp. cf. H. capita. 18. USNM 219259. Y18/4. 20. USNM 219260. 019/2. Figure 19 Eucyrtis columbaria. fn. BB T25/0. Figures 21, 22 Sethocapsa sp. cf. Theocapsa uterculus. 21. fn. BB P13/4. 22. USNM 219275. D19/4. 652 RADIOLARIA PLATE 21 •^P vi ' 1% 17 wsmm 12+15 + 653 H. P. FOREMAN PLATE 2J All figures magnified ×133 Figures 1, 2 Sethocapsa (?) orca. 1. cs. B D31/0. 2. USNM 219248. O46/0. Figures 3,4 Sethocapsa trachyostraca. 3. si. 4 U50/1. 4. USNM 219261. H50/0. Figure 5 Sethocapsa leiostraca. cs. 2 F18/2. Figure 6 Stichocapsa (?) rotunda. Cast, cs. 2 U38/1. 654 RADIOLARIA PLATE 2J res. _Q E 13 r 6 655 H. P. FOREMAN PLATE 2K All figures magnified ×133 Figure 1 Sethocapsa cetia (?). cs. 2 M34/4. Figure 2 Lithocampe mediodilatata USNM 219262. R50/0. Figures 3-5 Eucyrtis bulbosa (?). 3. si. A N23/1. 4. fn. B C16/0. 5. fn. BB V40/3. Figure 6 Lithocampe chenodes. cs. D M36/3. Figure 7 Syringocapsa limatum. USNM 219263. R39/4. 656 RADIOLARIA PLATE 2K -P o •I— ε Φ *>, O •T3 O 657 H. P. FOREMAN PLATE 2L All figures magnified ×133 Figure 1 Podobursa (?) polylophia. USNM 219264. H39/4. Figures 2, 3 Dibolachras tytthopora. 2. USNM 219192. O51/1. 3. cs. AA J47/3. Figures 4-6 Podobursa triacantha. 4. USNM 219193. O33/1. 5. cs. AA V31/1. 6. cs. 2 M49/4. Figures 7, 8 Podobursa tricola. 7. USNM 219190. K40/2. 8. fn. BB M49/4. 658 RADIOLARIA PLATE 2L O α> α> o CO £Z +-> CO 659 H. P. FOREMAN PLATE 3 Cretaceous Radiolaria All figures magnified ×133 Figures 1,2 A caeniotyle diaphorogona. 1. 304-9-1, 101-103. si. 2 S19/2. 2. 306-14, CC. USNM 219220. M13/0. Figure 3 A caeniotyle umbilicata. 307-7-1, 75-77. USNM 219249. F44/0. Figure 4 Cenosphaera sp. 306-42-1, 105-107. USNM 219227. B22/1. Figure 5 Acaeniotyle helicta. 305-65-1, 108-110. USNM 219182. B28/0. Holotype. Figure 6 Staurosphaera septemporata. 307-9-1, 80-82. USNM 219278. O26/0. Figures 7, 9 Triactoma hybum. 7. 306-14, CC. USNM 219221. O33/0. Holotype. 9. 306-11, CC. si. 2 T37/3. Side view. Figure 8 Dicroa periosa. 306-10-1, 124-125. USNM 219212. S27/2. Holotype. Figure 10 Triactoma echiodes. 306-14, CC. USNM 219222. N31/0. Figure 11 Dicroa sp. A. 306-12-1, 60-62. USNM 219218. M34/0. Figure 12 Dicroa sp. 303A-3, CC (#2). fn. B C42/1. Figure 13 Triactoma tithonianum. 306-42-1, 116-118. USNM 219229. U14/1. 660 RADIOLARIA PLATE 3 661 H. P. FOREMAN PLATE 4 Cretaceous Radiolaria All figures magnified ×133 Figures 1, 2 Spongosaturnalis (?) yaoi. 1. 310A-10, CC. USNM 219345. L50/0. Holotype. 2. 310A-12, CC. USNM 219350. E52/0. Figure 3 Spongosaturnalis horridus. 305-64-1, 148-150. USNM 219180. O11/3. Figure 4 Spongosaturnalis (?) sp. cf. S. (?) moorei. 307-2, CC. USNM 219232. O28/0. Figure 5 Spongosaturnalis (?) eidalimus. 310A-17, CC. Holotype. USNM 219372. K17/4. Figure 6 Spongosaturnalis squinaboli. 310A-10, CC. Holotype. USNM 219346. V35/O. Figure 7 Spongosaturnalis (?) ichikawai. 310A-11, CC. Holotype. USNM 219349. Q28/0. Figure 8 Spongosaturnalis (?) preclams. 310A-16, CC. Holotype. USNM 219369. K32/2. Figure 9 Spongosaturnalis (?) moorei. 310A-10, CC. USNM 219347. F48/1. Holotype. Figure 10 Spongosaturnalis hueyi. 31OA-13, CC. cs. 1 mm S32/1. Figure 11 Trochodiscus exaspina. 306-6-1, 116-118. USNM 219206. B36/0. Figure 12 Acanthocircus carinatus. 307-6, CC (#5). fn. B Q43/0. 662 RADIOLARIA PLATE 4 663 H. P. FOREMAN PLATE 5 Cretaceous Radiolaria All figures magnified ×133 Figure 1 Crucella irwini. 310A-13, CC. USNM 219365. W15/2. Figure 2 Crucella messinae. 310A-16, CC. cs. 1 O35/1. Figures 3,7, 10 Paronaella (?) hipposidericus. 3. 305-66-1, 118-120. cs. 2 B22/2. 7. 307-7-1, 75-77. USNM 219240. W37/1 Holotype. 10. 305-64-1, 148-150. USNM 219181. T35/3. Figures 4, 5 Paronaella (?) diamphidia. 4. 306-12-1, 60-62. USNM 219219. G42/3. 5. 306-42-1, 116-118. USNM 219230. D36/0. Figure 6 Crucella cachensis. 31OA-8, CC. USNM 219331. Q13/0. Figure 8 Pseudoaulophacus pargueraensis. 31OA-8, CC. USNM 219332. K38/3. Figure 9 Alievium praegallowayi. 31OA-13, CC. USNM 219360. B47/3. Figure 11 Alievium gallowayi. 31OA-13, CC. cs. 1 mm T40/2. Figures 12, 13 Emiluvia chica 12. 306-41-1, 126-128. si. 1 Q41/0. Cast. 13. 306-42-1, 116-118. USNM 219231. V16/4. Figure 14 Alievium sp. 307-7-1, 75-77. cs. AA E38/1. 664 RADIOLARIA PLATE 5 665 H. P. FOREMAN PLATE 6 Cretaceous Radiolaria All figures magnified × 171, except figures 14 and 17, ×165 Figure 1 Dictyomitra (?) lacrimula. 307-7-1, 75-77. si. D U47/1. Figure 2 Dictyomitra sp. 307-9-1, 80-82. USNM 219279. R32/1. Figure 3 Lithomelissa petila. 307-3-1, 126-128. USNM 219233. H25/4 Holotype. Figure 4 Theocampe sal ilium. 31OA-8, CC. USNM 219335. Y28/0. Figure 5 Artostrobium tina. 31OA-8, CC. USNM 219333. D14/4. Figure 6 Artostrobium urna. 31OA-8, CC. USNM 219336. Q23/4. Figures 7-9 Platycryphalus spp. aff. P. hirsuta. 7. 306-6-1, 116-118. si. A P30/2. 8. 306-8-1, 15-17. USNM 219208. M38/3. 9. 305-52, CC. fn. 1, U44/2. Figure 10 Clathropyrgus titthium. 310A-8, CC. USNM 219337. D33/1. Figure 11 Diacanthocapsa communis. 304-4, CC. USNM 219177. S47/4. Figure 12 Sethocapsa (?) orca. 305-66-1, 118-120. USNM 219194. Q32/2 Holotype. Figure 13 Holocryptocanium barbui. 304-4, CC. USNM 219178. M27/2. Figure 14 Sethocapsa cetia. 306-41, CC. USNM 219223. G20/4. Figure 15 Podocapsa amphitreptera. 306-41, CC. USNM 219224. B38/O. Cast. Figure 16 Dibolachras tytthopora. 307-7-1, 75-77. cs. AA B13/0. Cast. Figure 17 Lithocampe mediodilatata. 307-9-1, 80-82. USNM 219276. F30/2. 666 RADIOLARIA 15 667 H. P. FOREMAN PLATE 7 Cretaceous Radiolaria All figures magnified ×171, except Figure 5, ×165 Figure 1 Dictyomitra cosmoconica. 306-41, CC. USNM 219225. U33/3. Figure 2 Dictyomitra alievi. 196-4-1 (#3). USNM 219173. Q29/0. Figure 3 Podobursa tetracola. 307-9-1, 80-82. USNM 219277. L47/0. Figure 4 Dictyomitra koslovae. 31OA-8, CC. USNM 219338. K22/3. Figure 5 Stichocapsa (?) rotunda. 306-41, CC. USNM 219226. J19/1. Figures 6, 7 Dictyomitra carpatica (?). 6. 306-10-1, 124-125. cs. R P43/0. Late form. 7. 306-42-1, 105-107. USNM 219228. E20/0. Ear- ly form. Figure 8 Dictyomitra duodecimcostata. 310A-10, CC. USNM 219348. T37/4. Figure 9 Dictyomitra boesii. 306-41-1, 126-128. si. 1 O49/4. Figure 10 Dictyomitra pseudomacrocephala. 305-46, CC. USNM 219179. F17/1. Figures 11-13 Dictyomitra somphedia. 11. 306-2, CC. USNM 219195. V24/2. 12. 306-3, CC. si. 2 R19/0. 13. 306-3, CC. USNM 219196. Q22/0. 668 RADIOLARIA PLATE 7 13 669 H. P. FOREMAN PLATE 8 Neogene Radiolaria All figures magnified ×171 Figures 1, 2 Dendrospyris bursa. 1. 310-8-6, 100-102. USNM 219316. O16/4. 2. 310-8-6, 100-102. USNM 219317. C24/2. Figure 3 Ommatartus hughesi. 310-9-1, 120-123. USNM 219324. N42/4. Figure 4 Cannartus laticonus. 304-2-1, 80-82. USNM 219174. E 28/1. Figures 5, 6 Cyclampterium (?) sp. 5. 310-8-6, 100-102. USNM 219318. U21/1. 6. 310-8-6, 100-102. USNM 219319. Q23/3. Figure 7 Cyrtocapsella japonica. 304-2-1, 80-82. USNM 219175. W30/3. Figure 8 Cyrtocapsella cornuta. 304-2-1, 80-82. USNM 219176. F46/1. Figures 9-12 Ommatartus sp. cf. Cannartus bassanii. 9. 310-9-1, 120-123. USNM 219325. C34/3. 10. 310-9-1, 120-123. USNM 219326. P12/4. 11. 310-8-6, 100-102. USNM 219320. Q38/0. 12. 310-8-5, 125-127. USNM 219305. E43/0. Figures 13, 14 Ommatartus antepenultimus. 13. 310-9-1, 120-123. USNM 219327. C14/1. 14. 310-8-6, 100-102. USNM 219321. N44/0. Figures 15, 16 Ommatartus penultimus. 15. 310-8-5, 125-127. USNM 219306. L20/1. 16. 310-8-5, 125-127. USNM 219307. M19/2. Figures 17, 18 Ommatartus sp. 17. 310-8-1, 125-127. USNM 219304. R30/1. 18. 310-7-3, 125-127. USNM 219300. C33/O. Figure 19 Ommatartus tetrathalamus. 310-3-1, 130-132. USNM 219286. X30/0. Figures 20-23 Ommatartus sp. A. 20. 310-9-1, 120-123. USNM 219328. V20/4. 21. 310-9-1, 120-123. USNM 219329. C26/0. 22. 310-8-6, 100-102. USNM 219322. B35/0. 23. 310-8-5, 125-127. USNM 219308. E18/1. Figures 24, 25 Ommatartus sp. B. 24. 310-9-1, 120-123. USNM 219330. U33/1. 25. 310-8-5, 125-127. USNM 219309. H25/4. 670 RADIOLARIA PLATE 8 20 24 25 671 H. P. FOREMAN PLATE 9 Neogene and Paleogene Radiolaria All magnifications ×171, except Figures 30-34, ×212 Figures 1-4 Stichocorys peregrina. 1. 310-8-5, 125-127. USNM 219310. N40/3. 2. 310-8-5, 125-127. USNM 219311. C17/1. 3. 310-6, CC. USNM 219296. F36/0. 4. 310-6-5, 138-141. USNM 219293. E31/2. Figures 5-7 Stichocorys delmontensis. 5. 310-8-5, 125-127. USNM 219312. P37/4. 6. 310-8-5, 125-127. USNM 219313. Q12/2. 7. 310-6-5, 138-14-1. USNM 219294. M38/0. Figure 8 Theocorys sp. 310-8, CC. USNM 219323. J29/0. Figure 9 Pterocanium prismatium. 310-6-5, 138-141. USNM 219295. Q23/2. Figure 10 Theocorythium sp. aff. T. vetulum. 310-8-5, 125-127. USNM 219314. M38/3. Figure 11 Theocorythium vetulum. 310-3-4, 130-132. USNM 219288. D18/0. Figure 12 Theocorythium trachelium trachelium. 310-3-4, 130-132. USNM 219289. H14/2. Figure 13 Theocorythium trachelium dianae. 310-1-3, 110-112. USNM 219280. V37/4. Figure 14 Eucyrtidium calvertense. 310-6, CC. USNM 219297. S42/0. Figure 15 Eucyrtidium matuyamai. 310-3-4, 130-132. USNM 219290. F41/3. Figure 16 Lamprocyrtis margatensis. 310-7-3, 125-127. USNM 219301. V40/1. Figures 17-19 Lamprocyrtis hannai. 17. 310-7-5, 124-126. USNM 219303. LI0/0. 18. 310-7-1, 133-136. USNM 219299. V29/0. 19. 310-1-3, 110-112. USNM 219281. K33/1. Figure 20 Lamprocyrtis heteroporos. 310-3-4, 130-132. USNM 219291. W33/3. Figure 21 Lamprocyrtis neoheteroporos. 310-3-1, 130-132. USNM 219287. S29/4. Figure 22 Lamprocyrtis haysi. 310-1-3, 110-112. USNM 219282. T5/0. Figure23 Artostrobium tumidulum. 310-1-3, 110-112. USNM 219283. X10/1. Figures 24-26 Sphaeropyle robusta. 24. 310-8-5, 125-127. USNM 219315. B22/4. 25. 310-7-3, 125-127. USNM 219302. C38/2, external view. 26. 310-7-3, 125-127. USNM 219302. C38/2, internal view. Figure 27 Spongaster tetras irregularis. 310-1-3, 110-112. USNM 219284. B30/2. Figures 28, 29 Axoprunurn angelinum. 28. 310-3-4, 130-132. USNM 219292. W41/4. 29. 310-1-3, 110-112. USNM 219285. L22/3. Figures 30, 31 Sphaeropyle langii. 30. 310-6, CC. USNM 219298. F13/3, external view. 31. 310-6, CC. USNM 219298. F13/3, internal view. Figures 32-34 Pterocodon (?) anteclinata. 32. 313-13, CC. USNM 219377. N29/4. Holotype. 33. 313-12, CC. USNM 219376. L14/3. 34. 313-12-1, 128-131. USNM 219375. E28/0. Figures 35, 36 Buryella clinata. 35. 313-12-1, 128-131. USNM 219374. D52/4. 672 36. 313-9-1, 123-125. USNM 219373. F18/0. RADIOLARIA PLATE 9 30 31 32 34 35 36 673 H. P. FOREMAN INDEX OF RADIOLARIAN NAMES Dicroa, 28 periosa, tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 28, 29, 30; pi. 2E, fig. 8; pi. 3, fig. 8 Only radiolarian genera and species group taxa are indexed. sp. A, 17; tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 29; pi. 2E, fig. 9-11; pi. 3, fig. 11 The main entry and illustration are given in boldface type. sp., 29; pi. 3, fig. 12 Dictyomitra, 52 Acaeniotyle, 26 alien, tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 53; pi. 2H, fig. 8, 9; pi. 7, fig. 2 diaphorogona, 16; tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 26; pi. 2F, fig. 1-5; pi. 3, fig. 1,2 apiarium, tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 53; pi. 2G, fig. 7, 8 helicta, 16, 17; tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 26; pi. 2E, fig. 12, 13; pi. 3, fig. 5 boesii, tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 53; pi. 2H, fig. 10, 11; pi. 7, fig. 9 tribulosa, fig. 1; 26 carpatica (?), tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 54; pi. 2G, fig. 11-14; pi. 7, fig. 6, 7 umbilicata, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16; tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 1, 3, 4; 26,27; cosmoconica, 17; tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 52, 54,60; pi. 2H, fig. 3; pi. 7, fig. pi. 2E, fig. 14-17; pi. 3, fig. 3 1 sp. aff. A. diaphorogona, 26 duodecimcostata, tab. 1-6,9; fig. 4; 54,56; pi. 1G, fig. 5,6; pi. 7, fig. 8 sp. cf. A. diaphorogona, 26; pi. IF, fig. 1 formosa, 54 sp. aff. A. umbilicata, 27; pi. 2E, fig. 18. koslovae, tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 55; pi. 7, fig. 4 Acanthocircus, 33 (?) lacrimula, 11,16; tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 56; pi. 2G, fig. 5,6; pi. 6, fig. 1 carinatus, tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 33, 35; pi. 2C, fig. 9; pi. 4, fig. 12 macrocephala, 57, 58 dendroacanthos, 43 malleola, 57, 58 dicranacanthos, 17; tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 34, 35; pi. 2D, fig. 5, 6 (Dictyomitra) multicostata, 54 dizonius, 34, 35 periosa, 16 horridus, 37 pseudomacrocephala, 15, 16; tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 57; pi. 7, fig. 10 trizonalis, tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 35; pi. 2D, fig. 1-4 sagitafera, 56, 57 variabilis, tab., 1-6; 34, 35; pi. 2C, fig. 9-10 somphedia, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16; tab. 1-6,9; fig. 1, 3,4; 58; pi. sp. aff. Saturnalis variabilis, 35 7, fig. 11-13 sp., 36; pi. 1C, fig. 11; pi. 2C, fig. 7 tekschaensis, 59 Actinommids, gen. and sp. indet., 33; pi. ID, fig. 1; pi. 2F, fig. 12-14 torquata, 54, 55 Alievium, 48 vertex, 15, 16; fig. 1; 58; pi. 1G, fig. 4 gallowayi, 14; tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 1, 4; 48,S1; pi. lD,fig.2,3; pi. 5,fig. 11 spp. cf. D. tekschaensis, 59; pi. 1H, fig. 1; pi. 2H, fig. 1 praegallowayi, 14; tab. 1-6,9; fig. 1,4; 39; pi. ID, fig. 4,5; pi. 5, fig. 9 cf. D. torquata, 55 spp., tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 49; pi. 2D, fig. 7, 8; pi. 5, fig. 14 sp. A, 59; pi. 1G, fig. 7; pi. 2G, fig. 18-20 Amphipternis clava, tab. 8, 10; 85 sp. A Moore, 1973, 55 Amphipyndax enesefß, 13, fig. 1 sp. B, 59; pi. 2G, fig. 9, 10 Amphipyndax (?) sp., 53 sp. C, 59; pi. 2G, fig. 15-17 Archicapsa micropora, 61 sp. ind. c, 53 Artostrobium, 50 sp., 54, 55, 57 miralestense, 84 (?) sp., 60; pi. 2H, fig. 4 Una, tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 50; pi. IF, fig. 3-5; pi. 6, fig. 5 spp., 60; pi. 1H, fig. 2-5; pi. 2H, fig. 2, 5-7; pi. 6, fig. 2 tumidulum, 4, 8, 12, 19; tab. 7; fig. 2, 5; 84; pi. 9, fig. 23 Emiluvia, 46 urna, 12, 14, 15, 16; tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 1, 3, 4; 50; pi. IF, fig. 6, 7; pi. 6, chica, tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 47; pi. 5, fig. 12, 13 fig. 6 pessagnoi, 47 Axoprunum angelinum, 8, 12, 19; tab. 7; fig. 2, 5; 77; pi. 9, fig. 28, 29 Eucyrtidium calvertense, tab. 7; 88; pi. 9, fig. 14 Baculogypsina (?) gallowayi, 48 elongatum peregrinum, 95 Bekoma bidarfensis, 13, 18, 22; tab. 8, 10; 87 matuyamai, 8, 12, 19, 20; tab. 7; fig. 2, 5; 83, 89; pi. 9, fig. 15 Buryella clinata, 13, 18, 22, 23; tab. 8, 10; 87, 91; pi. 9, fig. 35, 36 tumidulum, 84 pentadica, tab. 8; 87 Eucyrtis, 61 tetradica, 18, 22, 23; tab. 8, 10; 87 bulbosa (?), 61; pi. 2K, fig. 3-5 Calocycletta costata, 13 bulbosus, 61 Cannartus bassanii, 80, 81 columbaria, 61; pi. 21, fig. 19 laticonus, 12, 79, 80, 81; pi. 8, fig. 4 columbarius, 61 petterssonii, 4, 6 hanni, 61, 62, 64 violina, 80 micropora, 16; tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 61, 63, 64; pi. 21, fig. 2-5 sp., tab. 7; 79 micropora (?), pi. 21, fig. 1 Cenosphaera, 27 tenuis, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 15, 16, 25; tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 1, 3,4; 60, 61, 62; 63; plutonis, 27 65; pi. 21, fig. 7-9 sp., tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 28; pi. 3, fig. 4 tenuis (?), pi. 21, fig. 6 Clathropyrgus, 51 zhamoidai, 61, 62, 64 titthium, 51; pi. 6, fig. 10 Eusyringium japonicum, 88 Conocaryomma (?) magnimamma, 28 typicum, 70 Conosphaera sphaeroconus, 76 sp. A, 62 Cornutanna conica, 56 Giraffospyris lata, tab. 8, 10; 83 Crucella, 44 Hemicryptocapsa, 75 cachensis, tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 44; pi. 5, fig. 6 spp. cf. H. capita, tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 75; pi. 21, fig. 18, 20 /mm, 45; pi. ID, fig. 6; pi. 5, fig. 1 Holocryptocanium, 75 messinae, 43; pi. ID, fig. 8, 9; pi. 5, fig. 2 barbui, tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 75; pi. IF, fig. 9; pi. 6, fig. 13 sp., 45; pi. ID, fig. 7; pi. 2D, fig. 9-11 sp., 76; pi. IF, fig. 10 Cyclampterium (?) brachythorax, tab. 7; 88 Lamprocyrtis hannai, tab. 7; fig. 5; 85, 86; pi. 9, fig. 17-19 (?) neatum, 88 haysi, 20; tab. 7; fig. 5; 85; pi. 9, fig. 22 (?) tanythorax, 88 heteroporos, 8, 12, 19, 20; tab. 7; fig. 2, 5; 85; pi. 9, fig. 20 (?) sp., tab. 7; fig. 5; 88; pi. 8, fig. 5, 6 margatensis, 85; pi. 9, fig. 16 Cyrtocapsella cornuta, tab. 7; 88; pi. 8, fig. 8 neoheteroporos, tab. 7; fig. 5; 86; pi. 9, fig. 21 japonica, 88; pi. 8, fig. 7 Lamptonium fabaeforme (?) chaunothorax, tab. 8; 89 Dendrospyris bursa, tab. 7; fig. 5; 83; pi. 8, fig. 1, 2 fabaeforme (?) cons trie turn, tab. 8; 89 Diacanthocapsa, 51 fabaeforme (?) fabaeforme, tab. 8; 89 communis, 16; tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 52; pi. 21, fig. 17; pi. 6, fig. 11 pennatum, tab. 8, 10; 89 euganea, 51 sanfilippoae, tab. 8; 89 Dibolachras, 69 Lithocampe, 65 tytthopera, 16, 17; tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 69; pi. 2L, fig. 2,3; pi. 6, fig. 16 ananassa, 53 674 RADIOLARIA apiarium, 53 cetia (?), pi. 2K, fig. 1 chenodes, 65; pi. 2K, fig. 6 leiostraca, tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 71, 72, 74; pi. 2J, fig. 5 elegantissima, 65; pi. 2G, fig. 3, 4 (?) orca, 16, 17; tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 72; pi. 2J, fig. 1, 2; pi. 6, fig. 12 mediodilatata, tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 66; pi. 2K, fig. 2; pi. 6, fig. 17 trachyostraca, 10, 11, 14, 15, 17, 25; tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 1, 3,4; 73; pi. 2J, mediodilatata (?), 66 fig. 3, 4 radicula, 65 spp. cf. Theocapsa uterculus, 73; pi. 21, fig. 21, 22 Lithochytris archaea, tab. 8, 10; 89 spp., 73; pi. 21, fig. 10-12, 14 Lithomelissa, 67 Sethocyrtis (?) hirsuta, 68 microptera, 67 Sphaeropyle, 11 (?) />é>//7α, 15, 16; tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 67; pi. 1G, fig. 2, 3; pi. 6, fig. 3 langii, 4, 8, 12, 19, 20; tab. 7; fig. 2, 5; 77, 78, 79; pi. 9, fig. 30, 31 (?) sp., 67 robusta, 20; tab. 7; fig. 5; 77, 78; pi. 9, fig. 24-26 Lithomitra docilis, tab. 8; 84 Sphaerostylus, 30 excellens, 53 lanceola, 10, 11, 15, 17; fig. 1, 3, 4; 30 Lithopera bacca, tab. 7; fig. 5; 90 lanceola group, 16; tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 30; pi. 2E, fig. 3-6 (Lithopera) bacca, 90 Spongaster pentas, 19, 20; tab. 7; 82 Lithostrobus duodecimcostata, 54 tetras irregularis, 20; tab. 7; fig. 5; 83; pi. 9, fig. 27 Lophocyrtis biaurita, tab. 8, 10; 95 tetras tetras, 11; tab. 7; 83 Lychnocanomma bellum, tab. 8, 10; 90 Spongosaturnalis, 36 Ommatartus antepenultimus, 12, 20; tab. 7; fig. 2, 5; 80,81,82; pi. 8, fig. (?) aculeatus (?), 43 13, 14 amissus, 35 avitus (?), tab. 7; fig. 5; 81 dicranacanthos, 34 hughesi, tab. 7; fig. 5; 81; pi. 8, fig. 3 (?) eidalimus, 16; tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 36,42; pi. IB, fig. 6,7; pi. 4, fig. 5 penultimus, 12, 20; tab. 7; fig. 2, 5; 79, 82; pi. 8, fig. 15, 16 (?) hexagonus, 41 tetrathalamus, tab. 7; fig. 5; 82; pi. 8, fig. 19 horridus, tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 37, 41, 44; pi. 2C, fig. 1; pi. 4, fig. 3 sp. cf. Cannartus bassanii, tab. 7; fig. 5; 80; pi. 8, fig. 9-12 hueyi, tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 38, 41; pi. 1A, fig. 6; pi. 4, fig. 10 sp. A, tab. 7; fig. 6; 79, 80; pi. 8, fig. 20-23 hueyi group, tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 38, 39, 40, 43; pi. 1A, fig. 7,8; pi. IB, sp. B, tab. 7; fig. 5; 79, 80, 81; pi. 8, fig. 24, 25 fig. 1-3 sp., fig. 5; 79; pi. 8, fig. 17, 18 (?) ichikawai, tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 38, 39; pi. IB, fig. 4, 5; pi. 4, fig. 7 Oroscena sp., tab. 7; fig. 5; 82 (?) moorei, tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 38, 39; pi. IB, fig. 4, 5; pi. 4, fig. 7 Panartus tetrathalamus, 82 (?) multidentatus, 40; pi. 1A, fig. 1-3 tetrathalamus coronatus, 82 polymorphus, 37 Paronaella, 45 (?) preclarus, 16; tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 37, 38, 40; pi. 1A, fig. 4, 5; pi. 4, (?) diamphidia, tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 45, 46; pi. 5, fig. 4, 5 fig. 8 (?) hipposidericus, tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 45; pi. 2E, fig. 1,2; pi. 5, fig. 3,7, squinaboli, tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 41; pi. 1C, fig. 1, 2; pi. 4, fig. 6 10 variabilis, 33, 35 (?) sp. aff. P. (?) diamphidia, 45 (?) >>αo/, 16; tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42; pi. IB, fig. 8-10; Phormocyrtis cubensis, tab. 8, 10; 90 pl. 4, fig. 1, 2 striata exquisita, tab. 8, 10; 90 sp. A, 39 striata striata, 18; tab. 8, 10; 90 (?) sp. aff. S. (?) aculeatus, 43 turgida, tab. 8, 10; 90 (?) sp. cf. S. (?) aculeatus, 43 veneta, 58 (?) sp. cf. S. (?) moσra, 40; pl. 4, fig. 4 Platycryphalus, 68 (?) sp. cf. Zygostephanus aculeatus, 43 pumilus, 68 (?) sp., 41, 43 sp., 69; pi. 1G, fig. 1; pi. 2G, fig. 1 (?) spp., tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 37, 38, 43; pl. 1C, fig. 3-10; pl. 2C, fig. 2-6 spp. aff. P. hirsuta, 16; tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 68; pi. 2G, fig. 2; pi. 6, fig. 7- Spongosaturninus hueyi, 38 9 Spumellariinid, 27 Podobursa, 69, 74 Spyrid (?) gen. and sp. indet., tab. 1-6; 50; pl. 21, fig. 13 (?) polylophia, tab. 1-6; 70, 74; pi. 2L, fig. 1 Staurosphaera, 30 tetracola, tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 70; pi. 7, fig. 3 hindei, 31 triacantha, tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 70; pi. 2L, fig. 4-6 septemporata, 15, 17; tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 1,4; 30; pl. 2E, fig. 7; pl. 3, fig. 6 tricola, tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 71; pi. 2L, fig. 7, 8 Staurosphaeretta, 31 sp. 70 hindei, 31; pl. IF, fig. 2; pl. 2F, fig. 8 Podocapsa, 71 Stichocapsa, 69 amphitreptera, tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 71; pi. 6, fig. 15 conosphaeroides, 73 Protunuma, 57 (?) rotunda, tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 69; pl. 2J, fig. 6; pl. 7, fig. 5 Prunopyle tetrapila, 11 tenuis, 61, 62, 63 titan, 11 Stichocorys delmontensis, tab. 7; fig. 5; 95; pl. 9, fig. 5-7 Pseudoaulophacus, 49 langii, 6 pargueraensis, tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 49; pi. 5, fig. 8 peregrina, 4, 8, 12, 19, 20; tab. 7; fig. 2, 5; 83, 95; pl. 9, fig. 1-4 superbus, 48 Stylatractus ovatus, 30 Pterocanium prismatium, tab. 7; 91; pi. 9, fig. 9 Syringocapsa, 74 Pterocodon (?) ampla (?), 23; tab. 10; 87 agolarium, 75 (?) anteclinata, 18, 23; tab. 8, 10; 87, 91; pi. 9, fig. 32-34 limatum, tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 70, 74; pl. 2K, fig. 7 (?) tenellus, tab. 8, 10; 91 Tetracapsa ixodes, 72 Rhopalocanium ornatum, tab. 8, 10; 92 Theocampe, 51 Saturnalis amissus, 35 amphora (Haeckel) group, tab. 8, 10; 84 dicranacanthos, 34 salillum, tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 51; pl. IF, fig. 8; pl. 6, fig. 4 multidentatus, 40 urceolus, 18; tab. 8, 10; 84 novalensis, 34 (?) a sp., 83 polymorphus, 37, 43 Theocapsa uterculus, 73 variabilis, 35 Theocapsomma comys, fig. 1 Saturnatis ? aff. amissus, 35 Theocorys acroria, tab. 9, 10; 92 Saturnalus trizonalis, 35 anaclasta, 22; tab. 8, 10; 92 sp., 34 anapographa, tab. 8; 92 Sethocapsa, 71, 72 (?) phyzella, tab. 8, 10; 92 /α, tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 1, 4; 71; pi. 6, fig. 14 sp., tab. 7; fig. 5; 92; pl. 9, fig. 8 675 H. P. FOREMAN Theocorythium trachelium dianae, tab. 7; fig. 5; 86; pi. 9, fig. 13 tithonianum, tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 32; pi. 3, fig. 13 trachelium trachelium, 19; tab. 7; fig. 5; 86; pi. 9, fig. 12 sp. cf. T echiodes, tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 31, 32 vetulum, 19, 25; tab. 7; fig. 5; 86; pi. 9, fig. 11 Tricolocampe vitrea, tab. 8; 95 sp. aff. T. vetulum, 25; pi. 9, fig. 10 Tricolocapsa nodosa, 76 Theocotyle (Theocotyle) cryptocephala (?) nigriniae, tab. 8, 10; 93 ornata, 76 (Theocotylissa) alpha, tab. 8, 10; 93 Trisphaera bicornispinosa, 29 (Theocotylissa) auctor, tab. 8, 10; 93 Trochodiscus, 47 (Theocotylissa) ficus, tab. 8, 10; 93 cenophacus, 47 (Theocotylissa) (?) fimbria, tab. 8, 10; 93 exaspina, tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 48; pi. 2F, fig. 11; pi. 4, fig. 11 Theoperid, Gen. and sp. indet., 66 Xiphosphaera tuberosa, 27 Thynocyrtis hirsuta hirsuta, tab. 8, 10; 94 umbilicata, 27 hirsuta tensa, tab. 8, 10; 94 Xyphostylus communis, 52 tarsipes, tab. 8, 10; 94 Zhamoidellum, 76 Triadoma, 31 o/ /jöfwm (?), 16, 17; tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 76; pi. 21, fig. 15, 16 echiodes, tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 31, 32; pi. 2F, fig. 9, 10; pi. 3, fig. 10 Zygostephanus aculeatus, 43 hybum, tab. 1-6, 9; fig. 4; 31, 32; pi. 2F, fig. 6, 7; pi. 3, fig. 7, 9 aculeatus (?), 43 676