Report on Rail Transport Market Operations
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Report on rail transport market operations MISSION: To provide safe and competitive conditions for rail transport services VISION: A modern and open office safeguarding the high standard of services provided on the rail transport market Ignacy Góra, BEng, PhD President of the Office of Rail Transport Dear Madams and Sirs, The situation on the rail transport market in 2019 should be assessed in positive terms. This particularly refers to passenger transport. Railways are popular with Poles, and this is true both for long-distance (holiday) travel and for commuting to work at short distances. We closed a record- breaking year. In 2019, as many as 335.9 m passengers travelled by rail, which means an increase by 25.6 m passengers in relation to 2018. These figures demonstrate the growing attractiveness of rail transport, and increasingly competitive services rendered by railway undertakings. We are all the more so delighted that the number of passengers is increasing for the fifth year in a row, which shows that the passengers’ growing trust for railways has consolidated. Moreover, transport performance and operational performance in passenger transport were also on the rise in 2019. As regards freight transport, following excellent results in 2018, we recorded a decreasing demand mainly in relation to the transport of bulk goods, including coal, metal ores and other mining and quarrying products. In 2019, cargo weight amounted to 236.4 m tonnes, and was reduced by 5.5% in relation to 2018. Hence, the value of the remaining parameters was also lower than in the previous year, as transport performance and operational performance decreased. However, we recorded an increased average speed of both freight trains and intermodal trains. The upward trend in the field of intermodal transport, which has been continuing for years now, should also be perceived as an advantage. The previous year was record-breaking, as 19.5 m tonnes of goods were transported, which means that the weight rose by 1.8 m tonnes (10.2%) In 2019, railway undertakings transported a record number of freight units and TEUs. The data for recent years shows that intermodal transport is the future of railways. By giving you this “Report on Rail Transport Market Operations in 2019”, I am aware of the changes which will surely be recorded in the next annual report for 2020. We already know that the coronavirus epidemic has affected all aspects of the economy, and rail transport is no exception. The crisis we are experiencing proves that transport is vulnerable to global threats. I am certain that the data collected in this report, and the analyses presented, will be a valuable source of information about the rail market in Poland. I am pleased that the document we prepare each year at UTK attracts so much interest. We are motivated to intensify our efforts to provide reliable studies and analyses of our rail market. Best regards, 3 Photographs used in this publication are part of UTK archives. 4 Table of contents Table of contents .................................................................................................................................................................................. 5 1. Passenger transport ....................................................................................................................................................... 8 1.1. Operation of the passenger transport market in Poland ...................................................................... 8 1.2. The basic parameters of the passenger transport market ................................................................ 12 1.3. The role of railway stations in the passenger traffic in Poland ........................................................ 15 1.4. Licensing passenger railway undertakings .............................................................................................. 20 1.5. The passenger railway undertaking market ........................................................................................... 21 1.6. Employment at passenger railway undertakings .................................................................................. 28 1.7. The financial performance of passenger railway undertakings ....................................................... 31 1.8. The range of commercial services provided by railway undertakings .......................................... 32 1.9. Railway ticket sales and distribution ......................................................................................................... 37 1.10. Basic data on the punctuality of passenger trains ................................................................................ 39 1.11. Passenger transport services in Poland compared to other European countries .................... 43 2. Freight transport ...........................................................................................................................................................50 2.1. The basic parameters of the freight transport market ....................................................................... 50 2.2. The main groups of goods .............................................................................................................................. 52 2.3. Speed of freight trains ..................................................................................................................................... 65 2.4. Freight railway undertaking licensing ....................................................................................................... 68 2.5. The freight railway undertaking market .................................................................................................. 70 2.6. Employment at freight railway undertakings ......................................................................................... 74 2.7. Financial performance of freight railway undertakings ..................................................................... 76 2.8. Freight transport in international transport........................................................................................... 77 2.9. The transport of dangerous goods ............................................................................................................. 82 2.10. Freight railway transport in Poland as compared to Europe ............................................................ 85 3. Intermodal transport ...................................................................................................................................................89 3.1. Intermodal transport in Poland ................................................................................................................... 89 3.2. Intermodal transport in the world and in Europe ................................................................................. 97 3.3. Maritime container transport in Europe .................................................................................................. 99 3.4. Container transshipment in the terminals of the Baltic Sea basin............................................... 100 3.5. Intermodal terminals .................................................................................................................................... 103 3.6. Rolling stock for intermodal transport .................................................................................................. 106 3.7. Core operational parameters in intermodal transport .................................................................... 108 3.8. Intermodal international transport through the eastern border of Poland ............................. 112 4. Railway infrastructure.............................................................................................................................................. 115 4.1. The operations of infrastructure managers ......................................................................................... 115 4.2. Employment by infrastructure managers ............................................................................................. 116 4.3. Financial results of infrastructure managers....................................................................................... 118 4.4. Railway line parameters .............................................................................................................................. 120 4.5. Service facilities .............................................................................................................................................. 123 4.6. Infrastructural investments and the interoperability of the rail system ................................... 127 4.7. The implementation of ERTMS within the Polish railway network ............................................ 130 4.8. The capacity of railway infrastructure ................................................................................................... 138 4.9. PKP PLK’s investments in 2019 ............................................................................................................... 145 4.10. Fees for access to infrastructure ............................................................................................................. 147 4.11. The railway infrastructure in Europe ..................................................................................................... 149 5. Rolling stock ................................................................................................................................................................