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Norsk Tegnspråk norsk tegnspråk som offi sielt språk grete bergh #10 abm-utvikling postboks 8145 dep n-0033 oslo telefon: 23 11 75 00 telefaks: 23 11 75 01 [email protected] www.abm-utvikling.no trykk: PDC Tangen as forsidebilde: Asle Hjellbrekke / NN / Samfoto ISSN 1503-5972 ISBN 82-8105-012-8 ABM-utvikling 2004 innhold Forord ...........................................................................................5 7 Arbeid og kulturtilbud ....................................................... 30 7.1 dagligliv og arbeid ........................................................... 30 1 Oppsummering ......................................................................... 6 7.2 kulturtilbud ...................................................................... 30 1.1 hvordan oppdraget er løst ................................................. 6 1.2 sammendrag ........................................................................... 6 8 Teknologisk utvikling og hjelpemidler ....................... 34 8.1 hjelpemidler ....................................................................... 34 2 Bakgrunn for utredningen ................................................... 8 2.1 lovfesting av norsk tegnspråk som offisielt språk ...... 8 9 Cochleaimplantat ................................................................ 36 2.2 rett til tegnspråk ............................................................... 9 9.1 bakgrunn ............................................................................. 36 9.2 hvordan fungerer et cochleaimplantat .................... 36 3 Politisk tenkning om funksjonshemmede ....................12 9.3 faglig strid ..........................................................................37 3.1 begrepet funksjonshemning ..............................................12 9.4 cochleaimplantat – konsekvenser for tegnspråk .....39 4 Døve – funksjonshemmede og en språklig minoritet ..14 10 Tolketjeneste ........................................................................40 4.1 hvem er døv? .........................................................................14 10.1 organisering ....................................................................40 4.2 audiologisk eller medisinsk modell ...............................14 10.2 lov om folketrygd ..........................................................41 4.3 sosial døvhet ....................................................................... 15 10.3 profesjonalisering av tolketjenesten ........................41 4.4 døve som språklig og kulturell minoritet ................... 15 10.4 erfaringer med bruk av tolk ........................................ 42 4.5 både-og-forståelsen ........................................................... 15 11 Tegnspråk som minoritetsspråk .................................... 44 5 Tegnspråk ..................................................................................16 11.1 minoritetsrettigheter ................................................... 44 5.1 døves språktilegnelse .........................................................16 11.2 europarådet ...................................................................... 45 5.2 norsk tegnspråk ..................................................................16 11.3 status for tegnspråk i noen europeiske land ........... 46 5.3 norsk tegnspråk som opplæringsspråk ...........................18 11.4 den nordiske språkkonvensjonen ................................ 48 5.4 tospråklig opplæring .........................................................19 5.5 døve barns leseferdigheter ...............................................19 12 Norsk tegnspråk som offisielt språk i Norge? ......... 50 12.1 status ................................................................................. 50 6 Utdanning ................................................................................. 22 12.2 alternativ til tegnspråklov? ....................................... 51 6.1 grunnskole og videregående opplæring ....................... 22 12.3 rettighetsargumenter ................................................... 51 6.2 det statlige pedagogiske støttesystemet .................... 24 12.4 nytteargumenter for en tegnspråklov .................... 54 6.3 st.meld. nr. 14 (2003-2004) ............................................... 26 6.4 voksenopplæring ................................................................ 27 13 Anbefaling – Norsk tegnspråk som offisielt språk ... 56 6.5 tegnspråkopplæring for foreldre .................................. 27 6.6 ål folkehøyskole ................................................................ 27 6.7 andre kurstilbud ............................................................... 28 Litteratur .................................................................................58 6.8 høyere utdanning for døve og hørselshemmede ....... 28 Nettsteder .............................................................................60 6.9 forskning om norsk tegnspråk ....................................... 28 6.10 høyere utenlandske studietilbud ............................... 29 Vedlegg .................................................................................... 62 4 norsk tegnspråk som offisielt språk forord ABM-utvikling har fått i oppdrag fra står i fare for å bli utestengt fra felles- takk til konsulent Grete Bergh for en Kultur- og Kirkedepartementet å utrede skapet, fordi de ikke kan nyttiggjøre grundig og solid utredning, og vi takker spørsmålet om tegnspråk som offisielt seg den informasjonen som finnes. organisasjoner og enkeltpersoner som språk i Norge. Bakgrunnen for å ta opp Stortingsmelding nr. 8 (1988-89) Eit har bidratt med faglige råd og innspill dette spørsmålet er den endring i synet tilgjengeleg samfunn, tar opp det utvi- både skriftlig og på møter! på tegnspråk og døves rettigheter som dete tilgjengelighetsbegrepet og setter har foregått de seinere år både her i lan- problemstillinger knyttet til deltakelse Oslo 4. juni 2004 det, i Norden og i Europa. i informasjons- og kommunikasjons- Det er viktig at døve skal kunne samfunnet på dagsorden. motta informasjon og delta i samfunns- Utredningen om tegnspråk som debatten på lik linje med hørende. Skal offisielt språk i Norge er både en kart- Jon Birger Østby dette skje, må døve også ha språklige legging av eksisterende tilretteleggings- direktør rettigheter. Ifølge artikkel 19 i FNs men- tiltak, drøfting av ulike virkemidler for neskerettserklæring skal alle innbyggere å sikre tegnspråkbrukere at de kan delta Leikny Haga Indergaard ha lik rett til å delta i den demokratiske i samfunnslivet, og vurdering av bruk av avdelings direktør utviklingen i samfunnet. Enhver skal ha legale virkemidler. rett til menings- og ytringsfrihet. Denne Vi ser at utviklingen innenfor Euro- rett omfatter frihet til å hevde meninger parådet, Nordisk råd og i flere andre uten innblanding og til å søke, motta land går i retning av anerkjennelse av og meddele opplysninger og ideer gjen- døve som en språklig kulturell minori- nom ethvert meddelelsesmiddel og uten tet, og anerkjennelse av tegnspråk som hensyn til landegrenser. Ytringsfrihet er offisielt språk. Det synes derfor mer å også nedfelt i § 100 i den norske grunn- være et spørsmål om når norsk tegn- loven. språk skal lovfestes som offisielt språk i I vår tid er det økt oppmerksomhet Norge, enn om dette skal skje. omkring at ulike grupper i befolkningen ABM-utvikling vil rette en stor norsk tegnspråk som offisielt språk 5 1 oppsummering 1.1 Hvordan oppdraget er løst at oppdragets hovedoppgave er tegnspråk, noen forskningsrapporter som har kun- Oppdraget fikk følgende mandat: «Fase fokuserer utredningen stort sett på døve net belyse området døve og tegnspråk. 1 av utredningen skal konkretisere som kommuniserer på tegnspråk. Dif- Tegnspråkenes stilling belyses ut fra utredningsprosjektet, etablere oversikt ferensiering og grenseoppgang til sterkt pågående arbeid og vedtak både i euro- over miljøene og kontakte aktuelle tunghørte som også kan ha nytte av tegn- peiske og nordiske organer. Tegnspråkene kompetansemiljø, fagorganisasjoner og språk, er ikke berørt i særlig grad. er i ferd med å oppnå anerkjennelse som -personer; presentere hvilke problemstil- Teknologien i form av cochleaim- offisielt språk i flere land, de siste er linger som må utredes og hvilke alter- plantat1 (se kap. 9) skaper noen nye Belgia og New Zealand som har gjort native virkemidler som finnes. Utred- problemstillinger. Fremtidens døvfødte slike vedtak høsten 2003. ningen skal ha oversikt over lovgivning og døvblitte vil muligens ikke være i Norge, ev. også andre land. Fase 1 av døve på samme måte som i dag, og det 1.2 Sammendrag prosjektet avsluttes med en rapport.» skaper både muligheter og utfordringer Kap. 2 trekker opp bakgrunnen for Mandatet er sett på bakgrunn av i og med at de fleste opererte vil være utredningen, med utgangspunkt i brev henvendelsen fra Kirke- og kulturdepar- tunghørte. Dette er et område hvor det fra Kultur- og kirkedepartementet til tementet hvor ABM-utvikling ble bedt forskes mye innen teknologi, språk og ABM-utvikling og resolusjon fra Norges om å stå for en utredning om tegnspråk pedagogikk. Diskusjonene blant forskere Døveforbunds kongress i 2001. som offisielt språk. og fagfolk er mange og til dels preget Kap. 3 viser utviklingen i den poli- Videre er brevet fra Norges Døve- av skarpe motsetninger. Dette er belyst tiske tenkningen knyttet til funksjons- forbund og resolusjonen om «Rett til kort i et eget kapittel. hemmede. Dette er belyst gjennom flere tegnspråk»
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