A Letter from the Publisher

Vol. 2, Issue 38 August 8, 2015

Shekóli. For Indians, social media is the digital version of the shed counter-productive, bitter feelings by Therese Mailhot; and time-honored moccasin telegraph, with one exception: The a heartfelt letter for healing and understanding by the family of digital transfer of information is bigger and faster than any- Stallone Trosper. Trosper was one of two men shot and killed in thing previously imagined. This issue ofThis Week From In- an act of senseless violence at a treatment center in Wyoming. dian Country Today contains stories and opinion columns that spread like rushing water when posted online. Finally, contributor Alex Ewen has an analysis of recent DNA studies whose findings dominated headlines with divergent The hotly disputed land deal involving Oak Flat—sacred claims about the origins of the First People of Turtle Island Apache ground traded away to an international mining gi- and about contact with Polynesia. Ewen, who wrote a six-part ant via a last-minute congressional rider—is still generating series on the politicization of the Bering Strait theory, relates resistance. ICTMN interviewed San Carlos Apache Tribe that while each of these types of studies adds more information Chairman Terry Rambler for his perspective on the fight and to the mix, the mystery of early beginnings only deepens, par- the growing bipartisan support for Rep. Raul Grijavla (D- ticularly as proposed migrations move further back in history. Arizona)’s attempt for legislating a repeal. Our Q&A with Rambler is a must-read. Through it all, one thing is clear: From Oak Flat to petroglyphs to Polynesia, our connection to the land will never be broken. So is “Ancient Art Under Threat,” about the battle for Mesa We are here to pay witness to it, and to share what we know Prieta’s petroglyphs. The petroglyphs and artifacts on a private- with the world. ly owned, 8,000-acre area in the southwest have been dated as old as 3,000 years and 7,500 years, respectively. Our story NΛ ki� wa, documents the efforts by the Pueblo of Pojoaque and a local citizens group to preserve these astonishing works of our ancestors.

Widely shared opinion pieces this week include a call to free Leonard Pel- tier by former federal prosecutor Cyntha K. Dunne; a passionate call to Ray Halbritter

Table of Contents 2 COMMENTARY 11 WEEK IN PHOTOS 3 NEWS 12 WEB, EVENTS, LETTER

5 THE FIGHT TO 13 CARTOON, ALERTS SAVE OAK FLAT HOW DID I MISS THAT 7 TWO PEOPLE, 14 TWO THEORIES 15 POW WOWS 8 ANCIENT ART 11 UNDER THREAT 16 BIG PICTURE AP IMAGES

IndianCountryTodayMediaNetwork.com August 5, 2015 2 COMMENTARY

Release Leonard Peltier case were withheld from Peltier’s at- 1991, “The U.S government overreacted Former federal prosecutor Cynthia K. torneys. Based on a record that many … and must share responsibility for the Dunne argues that American Indian courts today would characterize as a ... firefight…. The FBI used improper Movement leader Leonard Peltier has “corrupted investigation,” a jury found tactics in securing Peltier’s extradition earned clemency after being convicted of Peltier guilty. ... and in otherwise investigating and murdering FBI Special Agents Jack Coler The argument for Peltier’s release is trying the Peltier case.” and Ronald Williams following compelling when viewed in its historic The American justice system is de- the Wounded Knee uprising: context. The murders occurred in the signed to protect both the innocent wake of the 1973 uprising at Wounded and the guilty. Although the murder of Having lost the criminal trials against Knee on the Pine Ridge Reservation. two FBI agents is among the most sig- the first two men charged with the mur- During the FBI’s well meaning but nificant crimes imaginable, Peltier has ders, government agents reportedly Waco-like response—and eventual re- spent four decades in prison. Justice has broke the law to ensure that Leonard treat—the crisis escalated and under- been served. Now it is time to give due Peltier would not get off. According mined the community’s already rocky respect to the integrity of the American to court records, agents provided false relations with federal authorities. system of justice for which the brave affidavits, testimony was coerced, and In an extraordinary move, Judge Ger- federal agents died. It is time for Presi- critical documents that conflicted with ald Heaney—who affirmed the opinion dent Obama to grant clemency to Leon- the government’s primary theory of the that upheld the guilty verdict—wrote in ard Peltier. http://bit.ly/1gdlzd9 0

Resenting White Women “Go to hell!” she’d yell at the white women But they’re not the problem. What is the Is Exhausting who followed her at the grocery store. They problem? This mentality that my mother Therese Marie Mailhot, a student at the were constantly ignoring my mother, in- passed on to me, and the mentality her Institute of American Arts, has renounced the sulting her, or giving her the wrong change. white classmates had when they threw anger her mother felt toward white women: I saw firsthand how they looked us up and rocks at her on her first day of school. I down every time we went clothes shopping. imagine her small face in tears, wearing My mom often said white people I battled that anger for years. I told my- the dress my grandmother sewed just for brought genocide and disease. Small- self to be reasonable. I told myself, “This her. I know she had a right to her anger. pox this, she said, colonization that. is an isolated incident” every time a white But I am denying myself my own be- She was right. But as I’ve gotten older, woman said she was part Cherokee, or ev- cause it doesn’t work for me anymore. I carrying around my resentment has ery time a white woman said, “It’s so sad just can’t burden myself with prejudice become exhausting. about your people. All that alcoholism.” anymore when I think of my children ut- My mother’s greatest pain was white We are discriminated against, and it’s tering the words my mother did or carry- women. “Take your time, white woman!” painful to be invisible. Yes, Indians have ing her anger. And I believe that’s progress. she’d shout when they’d cut in front of her. it rough. Yes, white women have it easier. http://bit.ly/1OMkzrU 0

In Memory of engaged in the hard work of overcoming Stallone Trosper those challenges when his life was ended not bounded by any tribe, reservation line, The family of Stallone Trosper (Northern by ruthless ignorance and hate. county border, race, creed, earning bracket Arapaho), who was fatally shot on July 18 or social status. They plague us all and can in a possible hate crime at a detox facility Stallone cannot and will not be replaced. only be beaten back together. in the Wyoming reservation border town But our community, native and non-na- Our Elders tell us that the Creator has of Riverton, speaks out: tive peoples alike, must find a way to grow a plan for each of us. We believe that Stal- as a result of his sacrifice. That necessary lone’s sacrifice is a wake-up call to the Stallone was a cherished part of a loving growth cannot come from denial. community, and that we must return to and accomplished family and a member Just as Stallone faced his addiction head- the fundamental tenets of civilized hu- of a proud community. Stallone was kind, on, we too must acknowledge that we, as manity. Love, kindness, respect, loyalty, meek, humble and loving. Like most of Shoshone, Arapaho, Wyomingites, Ameri- knowledge, spirituality, honor, family, our young people he had plans to make cans and human beings have deep-seated, hard work, sacrifice and perseverance are the Wind River community—on and off desperate and dangerous problems. We the universal moral fibers that separate the reservation—a better place. As with share trouble with drugs and alcohol. We man from his baser animal nature. And all of us, Stallone had challenges. He was are besieged by racism. We are shackled by they are our only paths to a better future. intertribal divisions. These problems are http://bit.ly/1SegjXx 0

IndianCountryTodayMediaNetwork.com August 5, 2015 3 INDIAN COUNTRY TODAY

New Fort Robinson Memorial Will Honor Crazy Horse And His Band BY CHRISTINA ROSE “I’m covered. A new memorial is being planned to mark the site at Fort Robinson, Nebraska, where the legendary Oglala Lakota leader Crazy Horse died. Since 1934, his death has been Thank you!” designated only by a rough carved stone, set in the remaining foundation of the guard- house where he was killed. But now, efforts are under way to design a new memorial that will include the names of the 899 others who surrendered with him to U.S. Army troops in May 1877. Doug Bissonette, a spokesman for the Crazy Horse family, and Marvin Go- ings (Lakota) are working with Fort Robinson park officials and the Nebraska State Historical Society on the design. “Currently planned is a 60-foot diameter circle with large granite stones at the four directions, a stone in the center, and a smaller stone for offerings,” said Mi- chael Smith, the director of the Nebraska State Historical Society. “It is a traditional Lakota design, and there will be grass and a walking path around it, probably of concrete.” Monique Ziolkowski, a Crazy Horse family representative, will donate the stones for the new memorial. Four plaques, one in each quadrant of the circle, will contain Healthy children are the names of those who surrendered with Crazy Horse as the last holdouts of the Indian Wars. better students. Make “We want to make a tribute to all those who surrendered with him,” said Bisson- sure your child’s ette. “That was the last time they were together. After that they scattered all over the back-to-school place.” Crazy Horse was stabbed to death on September 5, 1877, some four months supplies include after the surrender. http://bit.ly/1U8TKBd 0 health care coverage. Medicaid and the Children’s $1.5 Million Given For Repatriation of Remains And Sacred Objects Health Insurance Program (CHIP) offer free or low-cost More than 300 sets of Native remains could soon return home, thanks to $1.5 million in grants recently awarded to 15 tribes and 16 museums under the Native health coverage for eligible American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA). children and other family “These grants address the basic desire to have stewardship over one’s own heritage,” members. These programs said National Park Service (NPS) Director Jonathan B. Jarvis. “The NAGRPA process may be called different provides the opportunity for ancestral remains and cultural items to be returned to American Indian and Native Hawaiian peoples.” names in your state. Besides repatriating more than 300 ancestors, the grants will enable the return of “numerous funerary and traditional items to Indian tribes across the United States, travel by Indian tribal representatives to consultations with museums holding poten- Learn more about programs tially affiliated remains and other cultural items, specialized training for both museums and tribes on NAGPRA, and the development of a tribal coalition to collaborate in your state: and facilitate the repatriation of significant collections currently in museums,” the www.insurekidsnow.gov/state NPS said. or call 1-877-KIDS-NOW Tribal recipients were the Buena Vista Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians, Califor- (1-877-543-7669) nia, which received $90,000; the Central Council Tlingit and Haida Indian Tribes of Alaska, which were awarded $88,161; the Comanche Nation, which was accorded $85,300; and the Sherwood Valley Rancheria Band of Pomo Indians of California, which received $81,785. In addition, the Karuk Tribe in California received $70,400; the Native Village of Barrow, Alaska received two awards totaling $24,760; the Wiyot Tribe, $9,564; the Seminole Tribe of Florida, $6,863; the Keweenaw Bay Indian Community of Michigan, $12,816; the Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of Michigan, $8,861; the Chickasaw Na- tion, $2,407; the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma, $6,309; the Delaware Tribe of Indians, $15,000; the Kaw Nation, $13,905; and the Osage Nation three awards totaling $29,513. http://bit.ly/1OsQcGa 0 @CMSGov #CMSNativeHealth

IndianCountryTodayMediaNetwork.com August 5, 2015 4 INDIAN COUNTRY TODAY

Language Gaps Hurt Indigenous Immigrants, New Report Says BY RICK KEARNS Every year, thousands of indigenous immigrants from Mexico and Central America find themselves unable to understand their rights or present cases for asylum in the U.S. because of language gaps, a new study has found. The study, “The Exclusion of In- digenous Language Speaking Im- migrants in the United States: A Technical Review” was conducted by Blake Gentry, a policy analyst with AMA Consulting in Tucson, Arizona. He interviewed immigrants, immigrant attorneys, court interpreters, and workers in family detention centers and in shel- ters for unaccompanied children. “I found a deeply and profound- ly disturbing pattern,” he said. “I encountered many indigenous immigrants who did not know what was happening to them. They didn’t speak Spanish, or knew very little, and had signed pa- pers without knowing what they meant.” Thus, Gentry said, the immigrants find themselves lost in a bewildering and sometimes abusive system. Both the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and the U.S. Border Patrol say they read- ily provide translators and proper means of communication for immigrants. The agencies also said that the translator services they employ can handle 150 languages and dialects, and that they contact consulate officers to assist. But Gentry cited “a pattern of comprehensive exclusion of indigenous languages in immigration processes and legal proceedings” and “exceptions SUBSCRIBE NOW [that] demonstrated a highly in- consistent use of phone interpreters for immigrants whose first language is indigenous.” http://bit.ly/1Sk914B 0

IndianCountryTodayMediaNetwork.com August 5, 2015 5 INDIAN COUNTRY TODAY The Fight To Save Oak Flat

‘Mining will never satisfy its appetite,’ says tribal chairman by gale courey toensing

Author’s Introduction: Oak What was your response to the Flat, in southeast Arizona, is news that Rep. Grijalva had in- part of San Carlos Apache terri- troduced the Save Oak Flat bill? tory and the tribe’s most revered I think it’s about time. This issue sacred site. Seized by the federal is really gaining traction not only government when the tribe was with Indians but also non-Indi- removed in the 1880s to its reser- ans, because they just don’t like vation about 15 miles away, Oak the way Congress did this. After Flat became part of the Tonto 10 years of having an open pro- National Forest in 1905. But it cess where people could deliber- continues to be the tribal mem- ate this issue and not being able bers’ spiritual home. to pass a bill, all of a sudden it just For years, Arizona politicians disappeared into the midnight led by Sen. John McCain (R) tried hours and passed, and that left a to pass a bill transferring Oak bad taste in everybody’s mouth. Flat to Resolution Copper, a sub- There was just no respect for the sidiary of the giant international Apaches and other tribes, the pro- Rio Tinto mining corporation, tection of a sacred site or even our to develop what is thought to be religion. So we’re all excited. the country’s largest copper de- posit. Late in 2014, McCain and What’s been happening at Oak his fellow Republican senator Flat? from Arizona, Jeff Flake, slipped Tribal members formed another a last-minute rider into the Na- nonprofit organization called tional Defense Authorization Act Apache Stronghold, and so they’ve of 2015 (NDAA) that transferred taken the lead on the education around 2,400 acres of the Tonto and awareness and they’re oc- National Forest, including Oak cupying Oak Flat right now. And Flat, to Resolution Copper. The “Oak Flat is sacred,” said San Carlos Apache they’re going to stay there and company now plans a massive Chairman Terry Rambler. continue to educate and raise $64 billion operation that would awareness and they continue to take place over 60 years and trans- Jewell already has more than 78,000 hold events there so it’s bringing more form the site into a two-mile-wide signatures. and more people to the place itself. hole in the ground with a huge dump In addition, environmental groups of toxic tailings. and dozens of tribes and tribal orga- Resolution Copper Project Director The passage of the rider has spurred nizations, including the National Con- Andrew Taplin recently told ICTMN San Carlos Apache Tribe Chairman gress of American Indians and United that Resolution has made many at- Terry Rambler, former Chairman South and Eastern Tribes, environ- tempts to talk to you, including be- Wendsler Nosie Sr. and tribal mem- mental groups, have voiced opposi- fore the Southeast Land Exchange bers to launch a grassroots movement tion. And In June, Rep. Raul Grijalva Act was passed. to stop the mine. A White House pe- (D-Arizona) introduced the bipartisan They asked to meet with us. But as a tition, “Stop Apache Land Grab,” col- Save Oak Flat Act, which would repeal council we decided that our relation- lected more than 104,000 signatures the McCain-Flake rider. ship and our trust responsibility lies last December. A new petition ad- In this exclusive interview with ICT- with the federal government. And this dressed to members of Congress and MN, Chairman Rambler talks about is public land with the U.S. Depart-

Interior Department Secretary Sally the tribe’s battle to save Oak Flat: ment of Agriculture—it’s NATION APACHE CARLOS SAN

IndianCountryTodayMediaNetwork.com August 5, 2015 6 INDIAN COUNTRY TODAY

Tonto National Forest. So we have 10 to15 years to get to that point. So Oak Flat is a sacred site according to been talking in that channel but we there’s a window of opportunity. I like the people who know it best: the de- believe that we don’t need to talk to our chances. scendants of those families who lived Resolution Copper. The only way we and visited Oak Flat before the Res- can change the outcome is to do what Won’t an environmental study show ervation existed. Those descendants we’re doing, which is to repeal the that the copper mine will destroy the have been visiting Oak Flat, gathering giveaway act. When you’re given an land and create a one-to-two mile traditional foods and medicines, and ultimatum and there’s no opportunity crater? The company itself has al- conducting ceremonies there for the for us to change the outcome, then it’s ready said that. past 150 years, and continue to this a done deal…. With us being a tribe, I think therein lies the opportunity, day. The Oak Flat area contains holy the federal government has to act on and this is what we’ve told the USDA: sites of the highest and most powerful our behalf. The current law requires “This is your trust responsibility and spiritual and ceremonial order. the Secretary [of Agriculture] to con- throughout this whole process you’ve Much of this information has been sult with us and with Resolution Cop- got to keep us engaged.” And we’re documented by tribal staff, Tonto Na- per to try to mitigate our concerns. going to make this whole process tional Forest Service staff, and profes- But even with that, the ball is in their transparent. We’re going to reveal ev- sional anthropologists working for the court. erything, not only for our people but National Forest, and is being compiled The way the law’s been written, if at this very moment as part of our ef- we don’t like something, they just say, forts to nominate Oak Flat to the Na- “Oh, that’s San Carlos’ concern but tional Register of Historic Places, and that’s going to hurt our business so ‘This issue is to conduct the Ethnographic and Eth- we’re not going to do it.” gaining traction no-historic Survey. Resolution Copper says they’re put- What do you think will ultimately ting aside 800 acres to protect Apache not only with happen? Leap. But those acres can’t be mined Our elders always tell us that our lands anyway. So it’s like making a virtue of have been reduced six times. We used necessity. It seems like you need the Indians, but also to be the prime agriculture producer whole thing. over here and they cut off that part Yes, the whole thing. They’re trying non-Indians. They of our land so that the white people to appease us again. They’re saying, could learn to be farmers. They took “We’re going to put this 800 acres aside don’t like the way our water as well and now they put for you.” What they don’t say is they mines all around us. They gave our already have tunnels, they’re already Congress did this.’ land to private companies and so we working underground.... I re-read lost economic activities and the water that article to refresh my memory and too. So they isolated us here. what he [Taplin] says is San Carlos But in their rush to put us on the Apache will have access as long as it’s also for our local neighbors who just barren land, they put us on the mother safe. But once they start building roads don’t understand this—though their lode. And now they’re after that. and moving around heavy equipment grandparents have gone through min- They predict it’s going to be 50 they’ll say, “Hey, it’s not safe, get out of ing and the mess it left behind, and our years when that mine is going to run here!” That’s what that means. neighbors are living in it right now. out. And at that time, our current They keep being deceived by these leadership will be gone and the But you can’t give up. job numbers, but even if they don’t leaders will be only our children and Oh, we’re not. It took them 10 years to appreciate it, we’re still going to fight our children’s’ children. And they are pass this and if it takes 10 years to re- for them because their children and going to be faced with this Rio Tinto. peal it, we’ll do it. I keep telling every- grandchildren will look back in time Mining will never satisfy its appetite. body this is not a done deal. Congress and say, “How come they didn’t stop Are they going to go to Congress and approved it, but the approval is con- this?” say, “Give us that land—we need it for tingent on the publication of an Envi- our national defense?” ronmental Impact Statement, which in Tara Kitcheyan, a San Carlos mem- As leaders we see that today our opinion is going to take anywhere ber who works for Resolution Cop- and we don’t want to put our from five to 10 years. And even if per, recently said on NPR that Oak kids in that situation. That’s why they’re successful and start going into Flat is not a sacred site because it we’re fighting like heck because construction and start processing all doesn’t have a song, a name and a we know what’s down the road. this mineral, it’s going to take them prayer associated with it. http://bit.ly/1I99AmR 0 NATION APACHE CARLOS SAN COURTESY

IndianCountryTodayMediaNetwork.com August 5, 2015 7 INDIAN COUNTRY TODAY Two Peoples, Two Theories

Scientific studies differ about the Amazonian-Australasian connection by alex ewen

Bottom Line: When might indigenous related to indigenous Australians, New “The ancestors of all present-day peoples from Oceania have first arrived Guineans and Andaman Islanders than Native Americans, including Atha- in the Americas? Conflicting studies to any present-day Eurasians or Native bascans and Amerindians, entered the present conflicting interpretations. Americans.” Americas as a single migration wave “I think almost no geneticists would from Siberia no earlier than 23,000 Two new studies, appearing in two have expected this,” said co-author years ago,” wrote co-author Maanasa prestigious scientific journals, offer Pontus Skoglund, a post-doctoral Raghavan, a molecular biologist in very different interpretations of simi- researcher at the Harvard Medical Copenhagen. larities between the DNA of certain School. “There was a greater diversity Raghavan also wrote that the migra- Amazonian Indians and that of the in- of Native American ancestral population wave took place “after no more digenous inhabitants of Australia and tions than people previously thought.” than [an] 8,000-year isolation period Melanesia. The strongest relationship was in Beringia,” a region roughly sur- The studies, both published last found to be between certain Amazoni- rounding the Bering Strait, the Bering month, are of interest because they an tribes, such as the Karitiana, Surui, Sea and the Chukchi Sea. may ultimately help indicate how the and Xavante, and the Indigenous Peo- “Following their arrival to the Amer- Americas came to be populated. ples of Papua New Guinea. According icas,” the Science article continued, One study, published by a Harvard to the Harvard study, the two groups “ancestral Native Americans diversi- University research team in the jour- may have split off before the popu- fied into two basal genetic branches nal Nature, concluded that there were lating of Australia, more than 40,000 around [13,000 years ago], one that is extensive genetic ties between Poly- years ago. But this admixture is only now dispersed across North and South nesians and Native Americans before found in certain South American Indi- America and the other is restricted to European contact. ans—and not at all in North American North America.” But the other study, conducted by Indians. To account for the Oceanic genes a joint team from the University of “This suggests that there is an an- found in South American Indians, California-Berkeley and the Center for cestral population that crossed into Rasmus Nielsen, a professor at U.C.- Geogenetics at the University of Co- the Americas that is different from the Berkeley and one of the authors of penhagen, which appeared in the jour- population that gave rise to the great the Science study, suggested, “the re- nal Science, found that the connection majority of Americans,” said the co- lationship between Native Americans was more tentative author, geneticist David Reich. “And and Australasians could be the result The suggestion that peoples from that was a great surprise.” The Harvard of Alaskan populations that are geneti- Oceania had at one time populated team named this mysterious ancestral cally closer to Australasians, such as the Americas is not new. And recent group “Population Y” (from the word the Aleutian Islanders.” genetic studies now largely confirm an “Ypykuéra,” meaning “ancestor” in David Reich of the Harvard study admixture between Polynesians and Tupí, the language spoken by the Surui team has dismissed this possibility. “I Native Americans before the Colum- and Karitiana). think that’s very weak—it’s very, very bian era. Moreover, some ancient skel- The Harvard team did not attempt speculative,” he said. He suggested that etons from South America have been to determine how and when these the Science team’s one-migration mod- found to be similar to those of indig- ancestors migrated to the Americas. el is “not a clear alternative” because it enous Australians. Skoglund speculated that “there were would have left genetic clues in the mi- This has led some scientists to spec- perhaps multiple pulses of people into gration from north to south. “We have ulate that there was ancient contact the Americas, and they had slightly overwhelming evidence of two found- between the two populations. But as different proportions of this ancestry. ing populations in the Americas.” evidenced by the differences between But which of the pulses came first and Critics of the Science study have also the two studies, the details of any such which different routes they took, we noted that the small sample size that contact remain in dispute. just don’t know.” was used make the study’s conclusions The Harvard group was surprised to The Science article, “Genomic Evi- less persuasive. But Rasmus Nielsen find what it determined were extensive dence for the Pleistocene and Recent defended his team’s scholarship. traces of genetic markers among some Population History of Native Ameri- “It’s nothing about the sample,” he South American Indians. The Nature cans,” offers a far different interpreta- said. “It’s all in the interpretation.” report described them as “more closely tion and considerably greater scope. http://bit.ly/1H71rP2 0

IndianCountryTodayMediaNetwork.com August 5, 2015 8 INDIAN COUNTRY TODAY Ancient Art Under Threat Can precious petroglyphs be preserved? by ANNIE MENARD

The ancestral petroglyphs of Mesa Prieta are public treasures, but their fate rests largely in the hands of private parties. Bottom Line: The “archaic” art of Mesa nearby Pueblo of Pojoaque, is worried. a nearly 200-acre tract at the bottom of Prieta is writ in stone. Private ownership Most of the area is privately owned and the Mesa to the Archaeological Conser- could doom it. Fortunately, a movement afforded no protection. One sand and vancy. It became known as The Wells to prevent the loss has begun. gravel mine already operates on the Me- Petroglyph Preserve. sa’s edge, and he is concerned about the “I was astonished that there were so Mesa Prieta rises above the Rio threat of more. Modern graffiti is etched many petroglyphs, and nobody was tak- Grande Valley in remote country west of in some places next to the ancient art, ing care of them,” Wells said. “I appoint- Santa Fe, New Mexico. Its black, volca- and off-terrain vehicles are carving up ed myself the steward of the land. In the nic rocks contrast stunningly with clas- some parts of the greater Mesa area. beginning, I was in a state of amazement sically open Western skies and the fresh Talachy and a local, non-Native, non- all the time.” green of juniper. After a rain, the scent profit group have joined forces to try to In the late 1990s, Wells helped to start of sage fills the air. change that. a nonprofit called the Mesa Prieta Petro- Besides being gorgeous, Mesa Prieta “There’s so much that has been de- glyph Project. Through that initiative, a (“dark mesa” in Spanish) is literally pic- stroyed over the years,” Talachy said. small band of neighbors began to inven- turesque. Tens of thousands of petro- “Our Pueblos are typically checker- tory the petroglyphs and other artifacts. glyphs adorn rock faces across the boarded, interspersed with private land. They have now documented more than 36-square-mile area. They date from the If we don’t hurry, we’re going to lose this 45,000 petroglyphs across the Mesa and time of Puebloan ancestors as recent as land. I don’t want to see it destroyed due estimate that there are actually up to 1,000 years ago, to archaic visitors 3,000 to mining or other destructive practic- 75,000. The site contains more petro- years ago or more. Potshards, arrow- e s .” glyphs than both Petroglyph National heads, water management features and The movement to protect the area Monument near Albuquerque, which has structures date back as far as 7,500 years. began in the late 1980s when Katherine 27,000, and the Bureau of Land Manage-

But Joseph Talachy, governor of the Wells, one of the landowners, donated ment’s Three Rivers Petroglyph Site ANNE MINARD

IndianCountryTodayMediaNetwork.com August 5, 2015 9 INDIAN COUNTRY TODAY

has been allowing access for tours and the inventories. He is patiently awaiting the efforts of the Pueblo and Mesa Prieta Petro- glyph Project. All of the advocates are hard at work. Jane MacKenzie, an archaeologist and coordinator for the Project, has been leading pain- staking surveys and documentation of the petroglyph sites. More than 35 volunteers are trained to do the work of mapping and documenting the cultural resources. The group also leads a hands-on youth education program in the summers—something that Talachy has said he will support even if the Pueblo ends up controlling access to the land. Wells said the youth project has taken on special significance with the participation Up to 75,000 examples of petroglyphs can be found across Mesa Prieta. of Pueblo youth: “They’re out there record- ing their own history, and it’s not just an in south-central New Mexico, which dwhere they live today. The Mesa lies along exercise. It is the record that will be put into boasts 30,000. the way, and Puebloan ancestors left ample, the database, stored in the Laboratory of “It’s turned out to be beyond my wildest and artful, evidence of their passage. Anthropology and studied by researchers.” imaginings,” Wells said. The Puebloan art is still white enough to For his part, Talachy has been working to But when it came to protecting the acre- stand out against the dark, volcanic rock. enlist the support of the All-Pueblo Coun- age, the non-Native group’s efforts stalled From a single, rugged dirt road leading up cil of Governors, which includes all 19 New without the support of the area’s Pueblos. the Mesa, one doesn’t have to look hard to Mexico Pueblos plus one, Ysleta del Sur, in So they started reaching out and found a see serpents, shields, human figures (in- Texas. The Eight Northern Indian Pueblos willing partner in Talachy. His Pueblo’s his- cluding flute players), game animals of all Council—including the Pueblos of Nambe, tory, he said, began in Utah, with ancestors kinds, and even religious icons chronicling Picuris, Pojoaque, San Ildefonso, Tesuque, spending significant time in Chaco Canyon the arrival of Catholics who moved into the Santa Clara, Taos and Ohkay Owingeh, has before settling in the Rio Grande Valley, area starting about 1600. also pledged its support to protect the area. “Archaic” art, some of it 2,000 years old Talachy said he will soon be working to and older, has been gradually darkening obtain support from the National Congress and fading with time. Sometimes, petro- of American Indians. With all that backing, glyphs spanning thousands of years coexist he thinks, supporters of Mesa Prieta will on the same boulder faces, causing the re- have an easier time securing either grant searchers and Pueblo observers to wonder funding to purchase the land, or achieve a if the more recent artists noticed the older federal designation to protect it. forms already there. Talachy called Mesa Prieta a special “The area has been visited for hundreds place, with some of the most beautiful and of years, all the way back to the archaic peri- articulate petroglyphs in New Mexico and od,” Talachy said. Aside from the Puebloan maybe even in America. art, observers have also noticed Coman- “Our lands, our water, our languages and che and Apache images. “What concerned in this case, our arts and petroglyphs, our me was all the graffiti that is all over these story, is slowly being eroded just like the petroglyphs that came from my ancestors,” land is,” he said. “If we don’t make deliber- he said. ate attempts to protect this land, it’s going The Mesa includes some Bureau of Land to continue to be eroded and we may lose Management property, but it is primarily it all. private. One of the landowners, a member “We have an opportunity here to of a prominent local family, has offered to preserve what’s left of this land and sell his nearly 9,000 acres for $15 million; keep it for our children, and their chil- the tract includes the heart of the mesa. The dren, so they can see, and get a taste of Pueblo of Pojoaque Governor Joseph Talachy landowner, Richard Cook, wants the sale to who we are and where we come from.” is worried about the state of the rock art. go to an entity that will protect the land; he http://bit.ly/1epcnk5 0 ANNE MINARD

IndianCountryTodayMediaNetwork.com August 5, 2015 10 INDIAN COUNTRY TODAY

Meadow Lane STANDING ROCK/FORT YATES COMMUNITY SCHOOL Apartments 2015/2016 SCHOOL YEAR Beginning November 30, 2015, Meadow Lane Apartments, a Senior HUD Building, Job Announcements The Fallon Paiute comprised of 32 units, located at 60 Willow The Standing Rock Community School and the Fort Yates Public School Drive in New Rochelle, New York, is available Disctrict #4 operate under a Joint Powers Agreement between the Fort for rental. The Fallon Paiute – Shoshone Yates Public School District #4 and the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe. Tribe is Interested persons may obtain an (Elementary K-5, Middle School 5-8, and High School 9-12) application by: looking to fill the Standing Rock Community School following positions: 1. Telephone: (914) 632-2804, extension Elementary 1238, Monday – Friday, 9:00 am – 5:00pm Elementary Teachers (K-5) •Grant Writer Social Worker 2. Writing to: Meadow Lane Apartments, 60 Special Education Teacher •Housing Program Willow Drive, New Rochelle, NY 10805 Development Manager School Counselor Completed applications should be sent by Title Teacher regular mail, no registered or certified mail •Physician will be accepted, to: Middle School •Tax Director Meadow Lane Apartments High School Post Office Box 1608, Math Teacher •Social Services Manager New Rochelle, NY 10805 Science Teacher Only one application per family will be English Teacher Tribal paid medical benefits, accepted Full-time Substitute Teacher retirement plan and paid Deadline date to accept applications Paraprofessional vacation. Please visit (DATE: August 24, 2015) Other www.fpst.org to apply or call Applications received after this deadline date will not be processed until all applications Paraprofessionals 775-423-6075 for more received by the deadline date are processed Assistant Cook information. Gifted/Talented Coordinator EQUAL HOUSING EQUAL HOUSING OPPORTUNITY OPPORTUNITY Speech Pathologist Custodian Groundskeeper/Custodian Compliance Officer (placerville) Coaching

COMPENSATION: DOE Head Volleyball Coach & Assistants; Head Girls & Boys Golf Coach; POSITION DESCRIPTION: Compliance Officer Head Boy’s Basketball Coach & Assistants DUTY STATION: Red Hawk Casino Gaming Commission REPORTS TO: Senior Compliance Officer Fort Yates Public School Dist. #4 FLSA CLASSIFICATION: Non-Exempt RATE OF PAY: DOE Elementary Kindergarten Teacher POSITION SUMMARY: The Compliance Officer under the supervision of the Senior Compliance Officer will Middle School provide for the overall protection of the integrity of gaming through periodic inspections, reviews and regulatory oversight of the Minimum Internal Control Standards (MICS) and the various policies and procedures of the Paraprofessionals gaming operations and assist in other regulatory duties in support of staff as assigned. Will work closely with ELL Coach other Commission staff and departments, the various gaming departments and gaming vendors. Will maintain current game software approval records and review and verify approved gaming device software programs and Science Teacher supervise the installation of game software. Inspect used table game cards for indications of cheating or Teacher Mentor tampering. Inspects and maintains current data, records and statistics related to all gaming devices and equipment in use on tribal property. Conducts periodic random re-verification of gaming device programs and High School maintains accurate records related to the random testing program. Will participate in patron dispute Other investigations, reports and recommendations. Bus Driver MINIMUM QUALIFICATIONS: Head Cook Must be at least 21 years of age. EDUCATION and/or EXPERIENCE: OPENING DATE: AUGUST 3, 2015 Applicant must be a high school graduate. Minimum of 4-5 years' experience in Regulatory Compliance in the Gaming Industry. CLOSING DATE: UNTIL FILLED Prior experience in a supervisorial position is preferred. Request Applications at: Standing Rock/Fort Yates DRIVER'S LICENSE and INSURANCE REQUIREMENT: Possession of a valid California license at the appropriate level including necessary special endorsements, as Community School 9189 Hwy 24 required by the State of California to perform the essential job functions of the position and qualify for the Tribe's Fort Yates, North Dakota 58538 vehicle insurance, plus provide proof of personal vehicle insurance. INDIAN PREFERENCE: Or call Katherine Bailey at 701-854-2142 Preference in hiring is given to: (1) Qualified Shingle Springs Band of Miwok Indians members; and (2) qualified Email Address: [email protected] American Indians in accordance with Title 25, U.S. Code, Section 472 and 473. Applicants claiming Indian preference must submit verification of Indian eligibility. Visit our website: www.fort-yates.k12.nd.us TO APPLY: All persons selected for employment must submit to a background Go to www.shinglespringsrancheria.com and print, fill out, and send your application and resume to FAX To:530-676-3582 or drop off at: 5168 Honpie Rd Placerville Ca 95667 3rd floor receptionist OR you may email it. check and drug testing. Employment @ssband.org We are an equal opportunity employer. WE REQUIRE AN APPLICATION EVEN IF YOU SEND A RESUME. Resumes only will not be considered

IndianCountryTodayMediaNetwork.com August 5, 2015 11 INDIAN COUNTRY TODAY

The upcoming National Geographic Channel film Saints and Nunavut teens created a massive mural last month on the side of Strangers, about the Mayflower story, will feature (from left to a building in downtown Toronto. right) the Native icons Squanto, Massasoit and Hobbamock.

Former Guatemalan President Jose Efrain Rios Montt might not The documentary Circus Without Borders, with the acrobats be tried for genocide and crimes against humanity for the Yamoussa Bangoura and Guillaume Saladin, was a hit at the massacre of Maya Ixil people. Montreal First Peoples Festival. NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC CHANNEL; AP IMAGES; INSTAGRAM/THEPAYSYSTEM; MICHELE MCDONALD/CIRCUS WITHOUT BORDERS MICHELE MCDONALD/CIRCUS INSTAGRAM/THEPAYSYSTEM; GEOGRAPHIC CHANNEL; AP IMAGES; NATIONAL

IndianCountryTodayMediaNetwork.com August 5, 2015 12 INDIAN COUNTRY TODAY Headlines from the Web

EASTERN PEQUOTS ELECT DOMESTIC ABUSE LAW SLOW TO TAKE NO CAUSE OF DEATH FOR 19 CHAIRWOMAN, ENDORSE ROOT ON OKLAHOMA TRIBAL LAND FORT BELKNAP BISON DEVELOPMENT PLAN http://bit.ly/1DbaeUQ http://gftrib.com/1KAxHPt http://bit.ly/1Ip2FdC JOB FAIR GENERATES HOPE STATE ASKS U.S. SUPREME COURT PONCA TRIBE STEPS IN TO HELP AND CONTROVERSY AT TO TAKE HO CHUNK CASINO CASE COMPLETE MISSING TRAIL LINK CHUKCHANSI CASINO http://bit.ly/1MVevMl http://bit.ly/1fxIcZ0 http://abc30.tv/1OOKsHm

Upcoming Events

ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN INDIAN WYOMING NATIVE AMERICAN EDUCA- with the committee for its consideration. PHYSICIANS WORKSHOP AUGUST 6-8 TION CONFERENCE AUGUST 11-12 Location: Double-Tree-Scottsdale, Scott- The “American Indian Accessing Health The sixth annual conference will bring sdale, Arizona Professions Workshop” is a motivational together local, regional and national collaboration among the Association of experts for two days of learning, exploring WEST COAST REGIONAL INDIGENOUS American Indian Physicians and three challenges and celebrating successes. PEOPLES AND NATIONS CONSULTATION medical schools that will help Native stu- Location: Central Wyoming College, ON CLIMATE CHANGE AUGUST 13-14 dents from the western U.S. learn about Riverton, Wyoming The event will be held in advance of the health professions. The program will in- 21st Conference of the Parties of the clude such topics as health care disparities, INDIAN HOUSING BLOCK GRANT United Nations Framework Convention financial planning for health care pro- MEETING AUGUST 11-13 on Climate Change, which will finalize a grams, study skills and test taking strat- This forum stems from the Native Ameri- legally binding international agreement to egies. Location: University of California can Housing and Assistance and Self-De- reduce greenhouse gasses, curb the pace Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, termination Act, which changed the way of climate change and define programs to California housing assistance is provided to Native help vulnerable states and peoples. It will Americans. Since 2013, when the Depart- comprise two forums: “Defending Our INDIAN COUNTRY CHILD ABUSE ment of Housing and Urban Development Rights and Defining Our Priorities on the TRAINING AUGUST 10-13 announced the formation of the Indian Road to Paris and Beyond” and “Train- Designed for federal, tribal and local Housing Black (IHBG) Formula Negotia- ing, Capacity Building and Information- investigators who address Indian Country tion Rulemaking Committee to revise the Sharing: Using the United Nations Human matters, this course is sponsored by the allocation formula, six committee meet- Rights System to Defend Indigenous Peo- Federal Bureau of Investigation. ings have taken place; this is the seventh. ples’ Sacred Sites, Food Sovereignty and Location: Byron G. Rogers Federal Audience members may comment during Community Health.” Building, Denver, Colorado the proceedings to the extent that time Location: Pit River Tribe Multi-Purpose permits, and may file written statements Room, Burney, California LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Re David Cornsilk’s column about and any other imposters. Everybody in the public domain. Civilizations that Professor Andrea Smith and her false can what (s)he or it thinks or believes have approached this point are some- claims of Cherokee ancestry (July 10): or wants to be—and the modern state times said to be in the stage of deca- with its justice system will allow it and dence. Andrea Smith has published in her then force the rest of us “nonbelievers” Let’s guess what we’ll call the next blog that she has “always been, and will to accept it as fact. stage of evolution for the Pax Americana. always be Cherokee.” She believes in Unfortunately, terms like “Chero- it. So now we have shifted from iden- kee,” “man,” “woman,” “marriage,” etc. —Chris Kopczynski tity imposters to social, cultural, ethnic are nothing more than terms that are New York, NY

IndianCountryTodayMediaNetwork.com August 5, 2015 13 INDIAN COUNTRY TODAY

TOP NEWS ALERTS From IndianCountryTodayMediaNetwork.com

Indian Village of California, the reservation. If Navajo Nation Pres- ANOTHER SCHOOL Jose Efrain Rios Montt might first time that a woman has held ident Russell Begaye approves ABANDONS ‘REDSKINS’ not stand trial for genocide and the position since the tribe gained the legislation, the tax could go The Goshen Community Schools crimes against humanity for the federal recognition in 1981. Pinto into effect no later than October 1. Board in northern Indiana has massacre of Maya Ixil people. On was only 22 when she was first joined a steadily growing list of July 25, a Guatemalan appeals elected to the tribal executive TRIBAL GAMING STUDY educational institutions that have court blocked an order from a council in 1994; she served most IN OKLAHOMA dropped “Redskins” as their mas- tribunal to have Rios Montt ex- recently as vice chair. The Jamul Tribal gaming added $6.3 billion cot. The 5-2 vote, taken on July amined again to determine his are one of 13 federally recognized to the economy of Oklahoma 27, will become official on Janu- competence to stand trial. On bands of the Kumeyaay Nation. last year, a study commissioned ary 1, 2016. Goshen has used the July 7, the National Forensic Sci- by the Oklahoma Indian Gaming name since 1926; two months of ences Institute had declared that NAVAJO NATION APPROVES Association has concluded. How- debate preceded the decision, in- Rios Montt, 89, was incompe- ALCOHOL TAX ever, the Tulsa World reported, cluding a public-comment session tent to do so because of cogn- The Navajo Nation Council has 60 percent of those employed of nearly three hours at which tive deterioration. But tribunal passed a bill that would impose at tribal casinos are non-Indians. families, graduates and several judges had ordered another a tax of 3.25 percent on alcoholic In addition to the 23,000 em- teachers defended the moniker. examination based on complaints beverages that are sold at tribal ployees of tribal casinos, tribal But as one Native audience mem- about the institute’s report. gaming facilities. The resulting gaming indirectly supports an- ber said, “I am not your mascot.”. revenue would amount to an other 14,000 jobs throughout FIRST FEMALE CHAIR estimated $73,000 annually and Oklahoma, the study estimated. FURTHER DELAY IN FOR JAMUL would be administered by the Na- The study was conducted by MONTT TRIAL Erica Pinto has been elected tion’s Division of Public Safety to the Meinders School of Business Former Guatemalan President tribal chairwoman of the Jamul combat drunken driving on the of Oklahoma City University.

IndianCountryTodayMediaNetwork.com August 5, 2015 14 INDIAN COUNTRY TODAY How Did I Miss That? A ménage a trois with ‘droids, Klan craziness and dyed armpit hair by steve russell

Young men did have fashion fads in to go viral last week when two Cousin Ray pointed out that the my generation. There was the Elvis anonymous citizens managed to selfie trip takes 10 years, “which means pompadour and sideburns, then a themselves making the beast with two the Vikings could get to Pluto before Beatle cut like a bowl on your noggin, backs in a fitting room of Uniqlo, a they’re likely to get to the Super Bowl.” and then my personal favorite: a Japanese clothing store. According to full-on natural non-haircut that The New York Times, the Cyberspace * * * briefly made traditional Indian hair Administration of China was calling fashionable. the bosses of the two leading Chinese All the news channels carried footage Being Cherokee, I had a decision to Internet companies, Sina and Tencent, of protesters following President make about shaving the front. I decided on the carpet. Obama around on his visit to an life was too short for all the explaining. Sina owns Weibo, the Chinese Oklahoma federal prison carrying analog to Facebook and Twitter, and numerous Northern Virginia battle * * * they blocked 35 Weibo accounts in flags, which are mistakenly taken the first few hours of the on line sex for Confederate battle flags and have Young women had their own fads. scandal. But I guess they call it “viral” been appropriated in modern times as The braless look held the advantage of for a reason. symbols of white supremacy. being quickly reversible in case of a job Cousin Ray, no fan of censorship, The Ku Klux Klan showed up in interview. The Brazilian took over so asked me whether ICTMN could be Charleston, South Carolina to protest completely that a generation of young accessed from China. the removal of their beloved symbol of men came of age innocent of the fact “As far as I know,” I said. “We don’t white supremacy. The New York Times that women start out with pubic hair. cover much Chinese politics.” quoted one Klan fan screaming at a One theory about how that one spread “I can fix that,” Ray snickered, and group of black counter-demonstrators, was porn movies, where hairy women then summoned his most stentorian some claiming the mantle of the so- got indexed under “fetishes.” tone: “Xi Jinping is ugly, and his mama called New Black Panther Party: “This The latest thing is dyeing armpit dresses him funny.” is my country! My ancestors founded hair, which is as much a political this country!” statement as a fashion statement. The * * * Cousin Ray responded, “All that’s dye comes in bright colors, and some missing from that is, ‘We stole it fair young women call it a movement. Lucasfilm’s Star Wars Twitter account and square!’” “A movement?” My cousin Ray took GQ to task for “inappropriate use Sixkiller was nonplussed. “I get of our characters,” probably referring * * * demanding the right to vote, equal to a photo of Amy Schumer in an pay, and even breastfeeding babies apparent ménage à trois with R2-D2 At the surfing championships in whenever they get hungry. But armpit and C-3PO. Jeffreys Bay, South Africa, current hair?” Cousin Ray speculated that GQ champion Australian Mick Fanning, He piped down pretty quickly when would have gotten in even more was waiting for a wave when a shark I asked if he would like to shave his. trouble “if they had used those photos came up behind, knocked him off of her with Chewbacca.” his board, and pulled him under. A * * * courageous competitor, Julian Wilson, * * * frantically paddled toward the spot Chinese Internet censors have their where Fanning went down. priorities, and the most important Media outlets from NPR to Deadspin Fanning was under less than 10 things to keep tamped down are words have pointed out that the cost of seconds and, in about 30 seconds, like “Tiananmen Square Massacre” or NASA’s close-up photos of the former safety crews on jet-skis scooped up “tank guy” or “democracy” or “Falun planet Pluto was $720 million, which is both men. The rest of the competition Gong.” So-called pornography sits in less than the new football stadium for was called off. the back of the censorship bus, well the Minnesota Vikings. Deadspin went Cousin Ray was riveted. behind politics. on to suggest sending the Vikings to “That’s almost as much excitement Understanding that might excuse Pluto so they could be the best football as the Cherokee elections!” he said. the censors for allowing a sex video team on some planet. http://bit.ly/1D1NA19 0

IndianCountryTodayMediaNetwork.com August 5, 2015 15 INDIAN COUNTRY TODAY UPCOMING POW WOWS 94TH ANNUAL INTERTRIBAL MIHSIHKINAAHKWA POW WOW 21ST ANNUAL SACRAMENTO INDIAN CEREMONIAL 8/7/15—8/9/15 CONTEST POW WOW 8/5/15—8/9/15 Morsches Park 8/7/15—8/9/15 Old Bland County Fair Grounds State Road 205 O’Neil Park 206 West Coal Avenue Columbia City, IN 715 Broadway Gallup, NM 260-244-7702 or 260-609-7844 Sacramento, CA [email protected] 916-804-7326 AMERICAN INDIAN EXPO MiamiPowWow.org [email protected] 8/5/15—8/8/15 Caddo County Fairgrounds 39TH ANNUAL MOHICAN STILLAGUAMISH FESTIVAL OF Anadarko, OK VETERANS POW WOW THE RIVER AND POW WOW 580-483-5095 8/7/15—8/9/15 8/8/15—8/9/15 Bowler, WI River Meadows County Park 50TH ANNIVERSARY SIPAYIK 20416 Jordan Road INDIAN DAY CELEBRATION PONCA TRIBE OF NEBRASKA Arlington, WA 8/6/15—8/10/15 ANNUAL POW WOW [email protected] Route 190 Pleasant Point 8/7/15—8/9/15 FestivaloftheRiver.com Indian Reservation Ponca Community Building Perry, ME 88915 521st Avenue ROBERT CANADA 207-853-2600 Niobrara, NE FRIENDSHIP POW WOW 402-734-5275 8/8/15—8/9/15 52ND ANNUAL SHOSHONE- [email protected] Furgeson Elementary School BANNOCK FESTIVAL PoncaTribe-NE.org 22215 Elaine Street 8/6/15—8/9/15 Hawaiian Gardens, CA Shoshone-Bannock Tribes OMAK STAMPEDE INDIAN 562-420-2641 777 Bannock Trail ENCAMPMENT HGCity.org Fort Hall, ID 8/7/15—8/9/15 208-478-3818 Stampede Arena MOTHER EARTH’S CREATION POW WOW SBtribes.com/festival/ 401 Omak Avenue 8/8/15—8/9/15 Omak, WA Pow Wow Grounds LITTLE SHELL CELEBRATION OmakStampede.org 8/6/15—8/9/15 2145 White Mountain Highway Four Bears Park NESIKA ILLAHEE POW WOW Center Ossipee, NH New Town, ND 8/7/15—8/9/15 603-539-6697 LittleShellPowWow.com Pauline Ricks Memorial Pow Wow [email protected] Grounds on Government Hill MotherEarthsCreation.com HEART BUTTE POW WOW 402 Northeast Park Drive 8/6/15—8/9/15 24TH ANNUAL ODAWA Siletz, OR HOMECOMING POW WOW Pow Wow Grounds on Heart Butte 800-922-1399, ext. 1230 8/8/15—8/9/15 26 miles south of Browning ctsi.NSN.us LTBB Pow Wow Grounds Heart Butte, MT 7500 Odawa Circle 406-338-7370 GRAND PORTAGE RENDEZVOUS Harbor Springs, MI BrowningMontana.com/ DAYS CELEBRATION POW WOW 231-242-1427 hbcelebration.html 8/7/15—8/9/15 Grand Portage National Monument [email protected] 101ST MESKWAKI INDIAN POW WOW 170 Mile Creek Road OdawaHomecoming.com 8/6/15—8/9/15 Grand Portage, MN ATTEAN FAMILY POW WOW Meskwaki Indian Settlement Pow Wow NPS.gov/grpo/planyourvisit/ 8/8/15—8/9/15 Grounds special_events.htm 56 Game Farm Road Tama, IA Gray, ME 641-484-4678 978-357-3525 [email protected] MeskwakiPowWow.com

IndianCountryTodayMediaNetwork.com August 5, 2015 16 INDIAN COUNTRY TODAY

Marvel will likely give its Native hero Red Wolf his own comic book line. MARVEL COMICS MARVEL

IndianCountryTodayMediaNetwork.comTHE AugustJuly 10,BIG 5,2013 2015 PICTURE