Kolonizacija

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Kolonizacija ESSEHISTČASOPIS STUDENATA POVIJESTI I DRUGIH DRUŠTVENO-HUMANISTIČKIH ZNANOSTI BROJ 4., GODINA 4., PROSINAC 2012. TEMA BROJA KOLONIZACIJA FFOS ESSEHIST Tema broja: Kolonizacija broj 4., godina 4., prosinac 2012. SADRŽAJ 1 Uvodna riječ 2 Grčka kolonizacija Pharosa - Jelena Batrnek 8 Rimljani i Panonija- prilog romanizaciji novog područja - Goran Đurđević 15 Portugalski rani kolonijalizam - Dubravko Aladić 21 Teorija kolonizacije Amerika - Juraj Jarmek 27 Kolumbovska razmjena – kako su geografska otkrića promijenila svijet? - Sanja Banjeglav 32 Osvajanje Novog svijeta: Hernán Cortés i Azteci - Pavao Nujić 44 Kolonizacija Vojvodine - Marko Bagić 53 Kolonija Ciprovčana u Osijeku s osvrtom na obitelj Adamovich de Csepin - Hrvoje Pavić 59 Utjecaj europske kolonijalizacije na afričko društvo i kulturu - Nikica Torbica 66 Buri u južnoj Africi - Andrej Paulus 69 Bojno polje Etiopija - Orlović David 75 Razgradnja orijenta – razvoj i temeljni koncepti postkolonijalne teorije - Zvonimir Glavaš 83 Kako je Stjepan Radić gledao 1903. godine na kolonizacijske procese u svijetu - Mira Kolar-Dimitrijević 87 Sedamdeset godina Osječkog zbornika - Hrvoje Pavić 89 Arhiv za istraživače početnike - Danijel Jelaš 91 Razgovor s profesorom Dragom Roksandićem - Luka Pejić 93 Razgovor s dr. sc. Ivom Mažuranom - Hrvoje Pavić 95 Prikaz filma: Bitka za Alžir - Slaven Lendić 96 Prikaz knjige: W. Engdahl: Mitovi, laži I ratovi za naftu - Hrvoje Petrović 99 Izvješće o radu udruge ISHA - Osijek – Loredana Fabijanić 100 About Essehist 101 Kronologija 102 Fotografija: Ghandi i vrteći kotač - Ivana Vučemilović – Grgić UVODNA RIJEČ Časopis studenata povijesti i drugih društveno – Radovi u četvrtom broju donose sam prikaz humanističkih znanosti Essehist nastavlja pratiti kolonijalnih procesa od antike pa sve do druge svoju tradiciju i temeljne ciljeve i četvrtim izdanjem. polovine 20. stoljeća i zaključivanja kolonijalnog Jedno je od osnovnih obilježja časopisa njegova doba. Kolonijalizmu je pristupljeno s različitih tematska određenost širim konceptom. Prvi broj gledišta, tako se, primjerice, o kolonizaciji Amerike bavio se totalitarnim režimima i diktaturama, govori iz teorijskog pristupa, ratnog osvajanja i drugi poviješću grada Osijeka i okolice dok je konačne razmjene robe i dobara. Uz to nekoliko treći bio orijentiran na revolucionarna zbivanja i radova govori i o procesima koji su tekli na području prekretnice u povijesti. S četvrtim brojem na red Hrvatske, tako da ni nacionalne teme nisu ostale je došao kolonijalizam shvaćen u širem smislu sa zanemarene. svime onime sa čime je često neraskidivo povezan: migracije, imperijalizam, otkrića, ratovi, trgovina Unatoč određenim poteškoćama i prekoračenju itd. Uz radove koji se bave tematikom broja, zadanog roka drago nam je što je novo izdanje Essehist nastavlja i s donošenjem brojnih rubrika Essehista uspješno ugledalo svjetlo dana. Ovime u obliku intervjua s istaknutim povjesničarima i je nastavljena tradicija časopisa i pod novim raznih prikaza. vodstvom udruge. Zanimljivo je istaknuti kako su prva tri broja imala stalnog glavnog urednika, Luku Pejića, dok je četvrti broj izmijenio dva uredništva. Sanja Banjeglav preuzela je ulogu glavne urednice Essehista od Luke, a dužnost je uspješno obnašala sve do isteka svog jednogodišnjeg mandata. Odlučila je ne produžiti mandat s obzirom da je dobila cjelogodišnju Erasmus stipendiju i nastavila studij u Grazu, a novo uredništvo preuzelo je posao uređivanja i dovršavanja časopisa. Uz uredništvo časopisa također je promijenjeno i vodstvo udruge ISHA Osijek, tako je umjesto Loredane Fabijanić na mjesto predsjednika došao Dubravko Aladić. Udruga planira izdavanje i petog broja Essehista koji bi se trebao baviti problemom vjerovanja, religija i mitova kako kroz povijest tako i interdisciplinarnim pristupom. Ovom prilikom htio bih se zahvaliti, u ime svih članova udruge ISHA Osijek, svima koji su dali svoj doprinost u izradi četvrtog broja Essehista i time podržali ovu inicijativu i entuzijazam studenata povijesti Filozofskog fakulteta u Osijeku. Pavao Nujić, glavni urednik Impressum GLAVNI UREDNICI VANJSKI SURADNICI PREVODITELJI (ENG. JEZ.) Sanja Banjeglav Marko Bagić Helena Marković Pavao Nujić Danijel Jelaš prof. dr. sc. Mira Kolar- GRAFIČKI UREDNIK UREDNIŠTVO Dimitrijević Domagoj Rapčak Dubravko Aladić Luka Pejić Sanja Banjeglav Hrvoje Petrović TISAK Zvonimir Glavaš Ivana Vučemilović-Grgić Studio HS Internet, d. o. o. Pavao Nujić Časopis je tiskan u nakladi od 150 Hrvoje Pavić STUDENTI SURADNICI primjeraka. Dubravko Aladić RECENZENTI Sanja Banjeglav ISSN prof. dr. sc. Slaven Bertoša Jelena Batrnek 1847 - 6236 dr. sc. Slađana Josipović- Goran Đurđević Batorek Loredana Fabijanić NAKLADNIK prof. dr. sc. Mira Kolar- Zvonimir Glavaš ISHA Osijek Dimitrijević Juraj Jarmek Filozofski fakultet u Osijeku doc. dr. sc. Jasna Šimić Slaven Lendić KONTAKT Pavao Nujić Internet stranica: http://ishaosijek. LEKTORI David Orlović blogspot.com/ Anita Demše Andrej Paulus E-mail: [email protected] Marijana Džalo Hrvoje Pavić Ranka Kojčinović Nikica Torbica Slika u pozadini: John Vanderlyn (1775.- 1852.) - Dolazak Kolumba. ESSEHIST OSIJEK 2012. GRČKA KOLONIZACIJA PHAROSA Jelena Batrnek Farska kolonija na otoku Hvaru, koju su osnovali sta- Odlazak Parana u svetište po savjet novnici otoka Parosa, pripada jednoj od najstarijih grčkih prije osnutka Pharosa kolonija na istočnoj jadranskoj obali. Osnovana je 384. godine prije Krista te je obuhvaćala prostor današnjeg Prema tadašnjem običaju, Grci su prije donošenja Starog Grada na otoku Hvaru te polje koje se proteže važne odluke odlazili u proročišta da im se prorekne bu- od Starog Grada do Vrboske. Grad je imao sve odlike dućnost. Navode se mogućnosti odlaska u dva proro- grčke kolonije. Povijest Pharosa obilježila su samo dva čišta: Zeusovo proročište u Dodoni u sjevernoj Grčkoj veća sukoba; jedan prilikom uspostave same kolonije i ili čuveno Apolonovo proročište u Delfima, smješteno u to sa susjednim Ilirima te drugi, 219. godine prije Krista, južnom dijelu Parnasa (Solarić, Solarić, 2009: 63). s Rimljanima. Osim toga, prema informacijama koje po- Jasna Jeličić-Radonić smatra kako je to vjerojatno sjedujemo, kolonija je vodila sasvim miran i nenametljiv bilo Apolonovo svetište u Delfima, ali o tome nemamo život. konkretnih povijesnih podataka. Da je bila riječ baš o svetištu u Delfima, Ovaj članak napisan je s namjerom možemo zaključiti po činjenici da su Delfi da prikaže grčku kolonizaciju otoka u helenskom svijetu vodili glavnu riječ u Hvara, točnije kolonizaciju Pharosa koji politici urbane disperzije viška stanov- se nalazi na prostoru današnjeg Starog ništva (Jeličić-Radonić, 2010: 125). Grada. Samo uspostavljanje kolonije S druge strane, Branko Kirigin i nije prošlo bezbolno. Naime, pridošlice s njegovi suradnici u internetskom pro- grčkog otoka Parosa sukobili su se s ‘bar- jektu pod nazivom Starogradsko polje barima’ (ilirskim domorocima). Ali nakon donose informaciju kako su Parani po pomoći Dionizija Starijeg, grčka kolonija savjet ipak išli u Dodonu. Kao potvrdu na otoku Hvaru osnovana je u 4. stolje- tome kaže kako je nedavno pronađena ću prije Krista. Članak prikazuje i sva- Olovna pločica iz Zeusovog svetišta pločica s pitanjem je li probitačno otići s kodnevniji život Farana: kakav su novac u Dodoni sa urezanim pitanjem nepo- Paranima u Pharos i tamo osnovati ko- Farani kovali i gdje je sve nađen, kakvu znatog Grka koji pita proročište da li je loniju. Kirigin čak donosi i rekonstrukciju su keramiku pekli i gdje su je distribuirali, probitačno s Paranima otići na Pharos natpisa. (1) kako su bili društveno organizirani, kako su branili svoj Kada su Parani dobili pozitivan odgovor da je isplati- teritorij i kako su i gdje sahranjivali svoje mrtve. Rad je vo otići na Pharos, morali su preseliti svoje sugrađane, konačno zaokružen sukobom Farana s Rimljanima 219. izgraditi grad i podijeliti plodno zemljište kolonistima. To godine prije Krista te potpunim potpadanjem grada pod je bio vrlo složen proces pa je skupština grada Parosa rimsku vlast u 1. stoljeću prije Krista, kada Pharos (sada izabrala okista koji je koloniste trebao predvoditi i brinuti pod nazivom Pharia) postaje dio rimske provincije Dal- se za sigurnu plovidbu, odnose i dogovore s domaćim macije. stanovništvom, organiziranje doseljenika kao političke zajednice sa svim institucijama grada-države, organizi- Općenito o Hvaru i životu ranje vojne sile koja će braniti zajednicu od neprijate- prije grčke kolonizacije lja te za pravilnu podjelu zemljišta stanovnicima, kako unutar grada za stanovanje i zajedničke prostore, tako i Otok Hvar nastao je u postdiluvijalno doba, oko zemljište koja će doseljenici obrađivati unutar pripadaju- 18,000 godina prije Krista. Tada se zbog deglacijacije ćeg teritorija hore (Solarić, Solarić, 2009: 63). i većeg porasta razine oceana oblikovala obala Jadran- skog mora. Šumski pokrov pokrivao je čitav otok, ali su Osnutak Pharosa i sukob s Ilirima šume vremenom krčene te su nastajala polja pogodna za poljodjelstvo. Antički grad Pharos (Φάρoς) jedan je od najstari- Otok Hvar naseljen je već u prapovijesno doba, prije jih gradova na hrvatskoj obali Jadrana. Osnovali su 6000 godina. O tome svjedoče nalazi iz razdoblja eneo- ga grčki doseljenici s otoka Parosa (Para) u Egejskom litika do željeznog doba u Grapčevoj, Markovoj, Babinoj, moru. Pharos (Far, Faros) bio je smješten na pogodnom Smokovoj i drugim špiljama. Iz tog razdoblja na otoku poluotočiću u neposrednoj blizini prostranog polja, a pr- postoje nalazi osebujne hvarske kulture koja je
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