' ' ' ' ' ' ' THE' ' ' ' ' ' LEADER' ' ' ' ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ " ' ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ' • ¦ - ¦ ¦ ¦ • ¦ - ¦ • : . ¦ . - . .. . - AND . . . ; SATURDAY ANALYST; A REVIEW AND BECOBD OP POLITICAL, LITERARY. ARTISTIC, AND SOCIAL EVENTS. " ^&£VJ : • January 14th , I860. { s£™?U " ' ¦ ¦ ¦ ' ' ¦ ' ' ¦ ' ¦ ¦ ¦¦ ¦ ¦ • . ¦ ...... CONTENTS...... Shall we make Friends with Disgraceful Economy. New' Members of Parlia- China and Japan . France ? Lord Macaulay. — The ment. The Art of Dining. The President's Message. Author. Rifle Clubs. Recent Novels. Mr. Bright at Birmingham. Reform .—The Claim of Caricatura. Proverbs. The Spanish. Crusaders; Chelsea. Letter from Germany. How to Get a Place. Musketry Teaching and M. Bastiat. The Russian People and The Earl of Dundonald. Army Reform. The Schoolmaster Abroad . Socialism. " Record of the Week. European Assurance Union Fire and Life ESTABLISHED 1 838. The Law INSURANCE COMPAN Y. "\7ictoria aj&d Legal and SOCIET Y, » COM- Chief Offices , . COMMERCIAL LIFE ASSURANCE Empowered by Specia l Act of Parliame nt. PANY, 18 , KING WILLIAM STR ' EET , CITY. ' 126, CHANCERY LANK , Lond on. AV.C. ASSURANCE - OF LIVES; ANNUI- Birmingham Branch , 47, UNION PASSAGE. The Business of the Compan y embraces every descrip- FOR THE tion of risk connected ( with Life Assurance. . TIES , AND THE GUARANTEE OF FIDEL ITY Cap ital, ONE MILLION STERLING. Credit allowed of one-third of the Premiums till IN SITUATIONS OF TRUST. death, or half the Premiums tor five years , on i>olicies taken but for the whole of life. ¦ . .. . . Chief Office— The Fire and Life Departments are unde r one Man - 2 WATERLOO PL-ACE, TA LL MALL , LOND ON. but with separate funds and accounts * Advances in connexion with Life Assurance are . , agement , made on advantageous terms , either on real or per- exceeds Cluiirman , sonal security. WILLIAM RATUAY , Actuary. The existing Revenue.from. Premium s Sir William Foster , Bart. .; ONE iiUfrDRED THO USA ND POUNDS. Vice-Chairman, NOTICE OF DIVIDEND. -J/ames Parker , Esq. , Baddow House , Chelmsib rd. r , , President — . k of Deposit—^(Esta- The Itiglit Hon . T. Milner Gibson , M.P. Banblished x.r» . 38f4)—No. 3, PALL MALL KAST . FIRE DEPARTMENT. for Chairman of the Board of Directors^-ltenry Wickham Cap ital responsible for Losses, £750,00 ). LONDON , S.W.^rTk e Warrants the- -Half-yearl y Wickham , Esq., M.P. The business is conttned to the best classes of insur ance. Interest , at the rate of 5' per cent, per annum , on De- . . The discount allowed by the Government on the duty posit account? , to the 3lst December , are ready tor de- 1 - ' :' BOA RD OF BIRECTOR9U is in all cases given to the insured. . . i very, and payable daily betw-een the.hourri of JO and 1. . : Stiilybridge , Claims settled with promptitude and liberality. PETE R MOR RISON , Managing¦ Directo r.. J ohn Cheetham , Esq., 1S00. . " '¦ ¦ ¦ Barne s Davidson , Esq.. Broad-street Buildings , ,10th January , . Joh n Field. Esq., Warnford Court , City. LIFE DEPARTMENT. Pa rties desirous ofinVesting money are reqiiested to. . Bank of Dejj o.sit. . . ¦ ' Charles For»ter , Esq., M.P. for Walsa ll, Capital responsible for -losses, £250.000, ¦examine the. plan of the . -. . Rtchard Francis George , Esq., Bath. A Bonus .every five years ,—next Bonus in 186-4. Prospectuses and forma sent free on app lication . Esq., Hamilton-place , Saint Moderate rates of Premium. Henry -II. Har rison , ¦ John 's Wobd . ' ' Annuities¦ granted on favourable terms. Thomas C. Hayward, Esq., Jklinprio s and Hlghljury. Prospectuses , foran s of proposal , copies of annual rrhe District Savings Bank John Mcdtdns, Esq., Cavendish Club. ¦ ¦ reports *, and every information, on app lication to- J- (Limited)s 67, FLEET . -STREET. LONDON . Barrister for the City T. Y. MoCliriatie , Esq.,¦ Revising FRANK McGEDY , Secretary , 126, Chan cery-lane. E .C.—The experience which has atte nded the opera- of London. , - . ' . . tions of savings banks and loan societies is such as to ' James Edward McConne ll, Esq., Wolverto ri. ESTABLISHED 1811. . make it evident that an extension of their principles , John Mpga , K sq , Litchurch , Derby. . upon a liberal yet sound basis, will prove highly ad- Charles William Reynolds , Esq., Eaton-p lace, Bel- Medical, Inralid j and Gene- vantageous both to the proprietary and tho public. graviu. 25, PALL MALL , The District Sayings K-:mk Kteei ve.s deposits (paid in Esq., M.P. for Warwicks hire. RAL LIFE OFFIC E , ' Richard Spooner , LONDO N.—Empowered by special Act of Parliament. atjone time) from One -Penny to Tun Pounds , the ag- 11. W. Wickham. Esq., M.P. for Bradfo rd. held on thcSlth gregate amount to be unlimited, aiid .siibjeiT lo the Gresham Club , and Can On- At the Eighteenth Annual Meetin g, Thos. Winkworth , Esq., ¦ Nov., 18,r)9, it was shown tha t on the 30th June last— usual arrangements , on withdrawal , of ordiijary sav- bury. ' ings banks. JOH N SHERIDAN ,.Vciuary. J. P. Brown-Weathead , Esq., M.P. for York . The nuniber of policies in force was . . . 0,110 The amount insured was . . *2,¦ 60J ,925 10s. 8d. Income was . . . £121 ,263 7s. 7d. INVENTORS' ASSISTANCE COMPANY, The Guarantee Policies of this Society ar e au thori zed The Ann ual . (LIMITED ). to be accepted by Government. Poor Law Board , and Tho new buaines's transacted during the last five years other Public Departments. The lendin g London and amounts to ^2,482 ,798 10s. lid., showing an average Large and Small Capitalists Provincial Joint Stock and private Banks , the prin ci- yearly amount of new business of near ly are invited to investigate the merits of thirt pal Railway Companies , Life and Fire Offices, Public " Company ns an investment -, nnd Philanthrop ists as iv Companies , Inn titution ,fi , and Comm ercial Firms HALF A MILLION STERLING. genius. Policies of this means of assistance to humble throughout the Kingdom , accept the The Society, has paid for claims by death , since its From the variety of inventions dully yubmittod fur Society as Security for their Emp loyes. establishment in 1811, no less a .nmi than JCr >03,G10. inspect ion , It will be evident tliat iniu«u:il ncjvan- Imin cdintc Annuities , payabl e during the >vhole of HEALTHY LIVE S.—Assuranc es are oflectod at tapes are j>ossof!sed , of selecting such us nrn of a usi't'ul Life, may be purchased on the following scale :— hom o or abroad at as moderate rate s as the mlost recent andc onimercial character , some of great pnnuitio being Annuit ies (/ranted at the undermen tioned Ages for every da ta will allow. now under the consideration of tho Directors. . £\00 of Purchase Money. INDIA. —Officers in the Army and Civilians proceed- A working model of a Kelf.fuel supplying , coal nnd '" ' ing to India may insure their live? on tho moat favou r- labour saviiig, an d smoko-con. sHming.furnuco , is now able terms , and every possib o facility is nlloruud for on exhibition at tho Manul 'nctoi'y. all ordurs tor Ages. 60 65 CO 05 70 the transac tion of business in India. which are to be addressed to th« Secretary oi' tho NAVAL M EN AND MASTE R MARINE RS nro Company. , This patent la interesting to the engi- neer , and ' n ationally and commercioHy im|>nrtiint, A assured at equitable rates for.life, or for a, voyage. £1 17 0 8 10 8 10 3 4 12 1 3 14 10 . 2 ' ersona frqm the saving it effects (00 por cent ) in the con- ab {o yottrlp. } VOLUNTE ERS.—No extra charge for p sumption of coal , by tho entire combustion of ito servin g in any Volunteer or Rifle Corps within tho Hinoke , and other important advantages As the Lists of Shareholder s, Pr pspootuscs ,-nnd A gency ap- * United Kin gdom. ti lDcioncy of this furnaco has bt'en proved 1 bvyr.nd plioatioiiB , m ay bo obtained on application to the RESIDENCE AnROAD. -Groator fac ilities given question, un inspection of the m^lel i.s earnestly re- MANAGEH. for residence in the Colonies , &c , than by most other ques t ed .. which will oxph(ii) tho principles of tho in- Com panies. ven tion , na well as by seulng the turnnco in operation , INVALID LIVES aaaured on scientifically oon- Al so, a b ciiullfu l spccliiioii of Pliotu grtipliy ' on wood, aw, Property, and Life atruo ted tables based on extensive data , an d a reduc- by wliich a grout saving in d irected , Ih now to bo aeon I -J ASSURANCE SOCIETY , tion in tho premium is made when tho causes for un at th o Offlecd , where tenna tor the aalo of the patent 30, ESSEX STREET, STRAND, L ONDON , Inoroiis od rnto of premium have oeaacd. can ) >o had. A pplications for Shares , nnd Prosp eotiws giving Capital—•¦£260,000.. STAMP DUTY. -7- Policies lasued free of every char ge but the premiums. th e fullest information , to be inndo at ih u (ionvj mny 'd PIukot oiis, O /Ilced, 1 , 8, and 3, Oough-atro et , north , Urny ' a-inn- Ral ph T. Brpokman , Ea q.. Folkestone Kvory information may be obtained at the chief road, London. Edw ard Wm. Cox. Esq., 36, Russell-square . offlot? or on application-to nny of tho Society's agents. ¦WILLIAM A I>DISON , Secretory Goargo Frederick Fox, Esq., Brlt ttol. Q DOUGLAS SINGlfl R , Scor etury . 13. M. P. Kclsoy, Esq., Sallabury . J. Mead, ICHq., 2. ICing 'a Bench Wtilk , Tem plo. r*\porto. —r- An old bottled II, Paull , Esq., M.P., 83, Devonahircplaoo , Port- London Chartered J3ank of V_^ P< >K T of IiJp rlt oliuraotor , 4Bs. por dozen onnh . huid-plac c. AUSTRALIA. Thin Qfunuiiui wlno will bo niuoh approved ,—II UNUY Eigh ty pur Cunt , of the Profits dtrlded among tjio Incor porated by Royal Charter. BKKTT & CO , Importera , Old Furnlvnl ' a Dltttil lury , Assured , I lolborn, E.C. Fir st Divlaon of Profits in'May, I860, a bonu s Pald-uj ) capital , ^700 ,000. At Hie , was doolurof ) , varying from , Two to Efuvoh per cent , Cha irman— Duncan Dunbar , Ken on
WE MAKE FRIENDS WITH FRANCE ? well affected to our Government. Had he been indif- SHALL ferent to the sufferings of Italy, he would never have spent Cow-ley's .recent mission to England is THE object of Lord ¦£30 ,000,000, and 50,000 lives in Lombardy without exacting no longer unknown. Although closely wrapped in diplo- ' a province or a fortress in return ; and had he harboured the , ' ttiatic mystery, the . unmistakable form of preferred friendship designs, of piracy arid brigandage against this country sometimes > has been recognised as one well-remembered arid .much - prized . imputed to him, he would never have thrown away the power of A. cordial intimacy and good understanding between France and distraction wh'icli he possessed in the passionate partisanship of England has been professedly the aim of every erriinent statesman Catholic Ireland , Haying , given these unanswerable proofs of in this country time out .of . .mind. For sake of it Walpole was magnanimity arid good intentions, as far as -the Italian and. the content to bear the ill-humour of the Court, and the calumnies British nation is concerned, he fairly asks both now if they really of opposition For sake of it Pitt made his celebrated Com- value the friendship of France, to show it by renewing the triple , mercial Treaty in 1785, which anticipated, by half a century, league of interest and honour that bound them together as allies the policy of Free Trade, Avhieh earned for him at the time abuse five years ago. As regards all real or supposed projects of in Parliament, and unpopularity out of doors among certain aggrandisement in the Mediterranean, Napoleon III. professes classes, but which the wisdom of the nation gratefully ratified, himself ready to give proof that he has put away ambition. The and which we now know that he sacrificed with , deep reluctance project of the Suez Canal should be suffered to excite our and regret at the breaking out of the anti-Revolutionary War. apprehensions no more ; and his arbitration could hardly be For sake of it Mr. Canning, when Foreign Minister, consented refused if offered for the immediate settlement of the dispute to endure . the reproaches of Lord Gtcey, on the score of incon- bet wen Spain and Morocco, the continuance of which our sistency regarding Spain ; and for sake of it the Duke of Government regards with unconcealed dissatisfaction. Entire Wellington, who sympathised with Prince Polignac, and free trade it is not in his power to ordain ; but rnodifica- wished well to the success of his arbitrary measures, hesitated not, tions of the French and English tariff he is not unwilling upon his fall and the overthrow of Charles X., to salute the King to make in that direction. If Naples will retain her Bourbon of the Barricades as the ally of England. For sake of nV Peel jailors, if Austria will not sell Venetia, and if Rome and and Lyndhurst, Palmerst on arid Russell, concurred in for- the Vicariate of St. Peter's have not been able or willing to giving and trying to forget the perfidy of M. Guizot. and his follow the example of the Ttomagua,—let all of these remain as master regai'cling the Spanish Marriages ; and subsequently they are ; let Italy be satisfied with the great things already done frankly the changes in the Government concurred in recognising * towards her unification and liberty ; and for the sake of conso- . and policy in France caused by the events of 1848. And what- lidatirig the great work which has been accomplished, let England ever may be said to the contrary, in the organs or by the and France unitedly abjure all thoughts of further encouragement of dynastic plotters against the Empire, the good * common with the other confederates to Italian schemes of revolution ^ and, in feeling and good sense of the Eriglish people continue to be as. great Powers of the Continent, guarantee the integrity of the inuch^as ever in favour of friendship with France. Our national residuary States of the Church ; and if, to have something to show self-respect is in ho way compromised by the admission that to France, less in consideration for what lie has done for Italy amity with France is worth more to us than all the other than as a generous acknowledgment on the part of Piedmont, alliances in the world. And what is true with regard to us is- that Power shall agree to restore its only trans-montane procally as regards ; the Fraieh -people. The form a part equally true reci . ^ appanage to France, let the re-annexation of Savoy enmity of England is the only enmity which Franca has never .of the general arrangement. When all this shall have been clone been able to frown down. Under the First Napoleon her the tax-payers of both' countries may be once ntore allowed to victorious eagles were planted on the summits of every other keep their'hard-enrned money . in their pockets, instead of squan- - capital in Europe :—not a feather from their airibitions wing dering it upon extra means of mutual bullying and bombardment. dropped here. We feel that we can afford , therefore, to acknow- Can any one conceive a consummation more desirable' ? Claremont ledge the high value we set upon alliance with France ; and we do and Stafford House, and the ut terly selfish cliques that circle acknowledge^—all the more unreservedly just now, because it is round them, iaay relish nothing that 'holds out a promise of good impossible that the least informed of our neighbours can any understanding and confidence between the two Governments lono-er mistake the enthusiastic resolve of . the wealthiest while in France a Buonaparte reigns. But the people of this nation in the world, whatever it costs, to be prepared to meet country need only to have it made clear to them that the real all comers, by land or sea—the deliberate resolve of the most spirit that actuutes our courtier oligarchs in their affected, fear of laborious people in the world to devote any amount of time and French designs is Bourbonist, not British,-^-Legitimist, not. labour that may be requisite to the defensive toil of rifle drill. Liberal,—and they will turn indignantly from those who would We repeat it, therefore, that we can afford to own, without re- deceive them, and* deal with them as they did not long ago in serve, how much we should regret alienation from France, and the case 6f the Conspiracy Bill. We , rejoice to think that Lord how heartily we should despise those public men, who, when the PALMEitsToiN' is no loriger liable to be misled by the malign right hand of conciliation and confidence was held out to the influence he then suffered to prevail too far in the administration Government of this country, should reject it. of foreign affairs . That influence is active and busy still, and Lord Cowley has returned to Paris ; of what answer to the , the instrument it then used is eager and restless to be ngfUn Emperor's proposals has he been the bearer ? Of none, perhaps, employed, No effectual reform at home, and no cordial friend- in a categorical sense or final form. After many months, we will ship with ' Fraace under an elected Sovereign,—these are the not say of estrangement between the two nations, but of mutually watchwords of the faction,-—we should rather say of the Cabal— irritating mistrusts and altercations, it is riot possible perhaps against whose machinations we have need to be upon our guard. to expect that a Government like our o\yn, amenable in all its actions to the judgment of l^arliament and of the Press, should suddenly, or without-pareful consideration of all details and conse- THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE. quences, commit itself to the adoption of any policy, however npHE patience of Mr. Buchanan has at last been exhausted. coincident with its own thoughts and wishes, which comes at the •*- He has delivered his message, although the House of Hepre- suggestion of a foreign Power. The mere imputation of precipi- scntatives has not yet managed to elect a Speaker. We do not tancy in such a case would do much to disquiet the minds of the wonder at it; there is something both jfcritating and ludicrous in circumspect, mul to chill the faith of the confiding. the position of a President waiting, whilst that House i* en- We shall not be sorry then to lenrrl that the wcll-trnmcd Cowley , gaged in the peculiar process which it somewhat facetiously having dropped his message at the feet of those lie was told to styles " organisation. " He lias had his message quite ready give it to, hns rt returned wagging his tail without any immediate some days before the session commences ; it is duly printed j answer , But we should be sorry indeed to infer from this any copies are placed in the hands of the postmasters, for delivery to 'thing unfavourable to the ultimate issue. Unless thwe bo in- the newspapers immediately the telegraph onnounces its prc- volved in the proposals for a renewed alliance some condition seutotion to Congress ; ami , apart altogether from the natural other thnn those which arc generally rumoured and believed , we impatience of ti man to whom this is the only legitimate oppor- ¦should regard the ministers as the greatest enemies of the happi- tunity of defending his post conduct, and expounding his . views ness and welfare of their country who should reject them. for the future , to give to the world the elaborate document in in tho desires the pacific settlement of Italy on the which he has set/ forth his whole policy, it must be galling Nm>oleon HI- attack and mis- "basis of the present atatm quo ; and he asks us to co-oporato extreme to him to bo tho object of violent representation, in that very assembly for whose convenience ho is with him in securing • so ' desirable nn end. Assuredly lie has the , His sacrifices ' waiting, ami incur tho risk of u publication, by ono of , made snerificos enough to entitle him to do so (t-premature and ^ linvo not beou in Italy nlone. To win the .attachment of Italy many persons acquainted with -its. contents; of impc' rlVot summary. Jf, indeed, there wore any limit of tune wit Urn _ lie has lavished blood and treasure ; to disarm the , distrust of ¦ that tho 1 the admiration which tho House must organise, it might bo fitting- . England ho lias 'flung from him irrevocably . such fortitude as ho can and sympathy of Catholio millions, nlrondy not particularly Chief of tho State should bear with [Jan . 14, I860. 32 The Lead er an d Saturday Analyst.
incident to his high station ; but as the by every law, human and divine, we shall be justified m wresting muster an annoyance the power • and this upon the very if it so pleases, go on baUotmg without results for it from Spain if we possess House can* le that would justify an individual in tearing down indefinite period, and father likes the dead-lock, inasmuch it same princip an he burning house of his neighbour, if there , were .no other allows long speeches de omnibus rebus—-and the pay runs on all t has done well to wait no means of preventing the flames from destroying his own home." the whilej-^Mr. Buchanan longer, and force the' House—as the delivery of his message will have the Perhaps the most important portion of the message is that effect of doing—to elect its Speaker and go to work. which relates to Mexico. The President, after dwelling: upon The message has lost much of its interest in this country, by the outrages inflicted upon American citizens, asks Congress to the delay which has already taken place in its publication . pass a law authorizing him to employ military force against Whatever interest we may feel in the internal politics of the Mexico for the purpose of obtaining indemnity for the past and United States, and their relations to Spain and Central America, security for the future. Should the request be granted, that we are of course much more concerned about our own dealings most unhappy country will be exposed to the horrors of invasion, with them ; and if there happens, as is usually the case, to be a as well as to those of civil war. It is scarcely possible, however, " difficulty " between the two Governments somewhere, we are eager that things can be much worse than they now are ; and it is be- to learn what the President has to say about it. The paragraphs, coming the conviction, even of those most averse to American therefore, which refer to the San Juan affair, would have possessed filibustering policy, that the only hope for Mexico and . Central considerable interest whilst the results of General Scott's mission America lies in their annexation by the United States. It is were unpublished ; but since it has become known that the ques- evident that such a consummation must come sooner or later ; it is tion was in train for an amicable arrangement, the remarks of the merely a question of time ; and the sooner, therefore, the American President have lost their attraction. It is satisfactory, however, Government introduces order and something like security, the to have his distinct official announcement that there is no longer better for the people and the world generally. The United any fear of a collision between the forces of the two countries, and States themselves have most to apprehend from such an acquisi- that the question has become the object of special negotiations. It tion ; but if, in pursuance of what they deem their manifest des- would have been but right that Mi-.Buchanan, whilst commending tiny, they will even seek pretences for hastening it, it is not for the forbearance of the British admiral, should have rebuked the us to attempt to stay them. temerity and insolence of General Harney ; but it would, per- 's domestic policy seems to be a vigorous who has Mr. Buchanan haps, be too much ito ask an American President support of Slavery, and a strong show of hostility to the . Slave riot entirely abandoned the hope of re-election to directly censure trade. The one event recorded in the message which fills him the hero of a class which, exercises so potent an influence upon b the Supreme Court as a that the with joy is the recognition of Slavery y the elections. We are not at all surprised to be told fundamental, we 1ni ght almost say necessary, institution of the differences arising out -of the Clayton-Bui/weh treaty are not understand his satisfaction, as a strong pro- in Union. AYe can yet adjusted. The same statement will be probably repeated Slavery man, at this decision ; but not his presumption that it will two or three future messages, since the difficulties in question prove a final settlement of the question. As singular is his belief depend partly for their solution upon arrangements with two or that the events at Harper's Ferry Avill be the;means of allaying ex- three of the petty republics of Central Americai: and have their The decision ' of .the Supreme Court, and the its own isting excitement. sole origin in the repudiation by the United States of Harper's Ferry outbreak and its results, may prove that the law- distinct Engagements. They will probably prove again a pretext Slavery -party, ¦arid' that their opponents are the Irish demo- is 011 the¦ side of the for stirring up the anti-English feeling amongst rather hair-brained' enthusiasts than practical politicians ; but crats of the north ; but as-something of that kind must be done they no more dispose of the agitation, or cement the Union, tlian every year, it is really better that the occasion , should be a matter y a democrat in one of the themselves, the pettiest election triumph gained b about which Englishmen certa inly will never excite open States. They rather hasten the " irrepressible conflict ," and, consequently, one which can by no chance lead to war. of a dissolution of the cherished as is con- and increase the danger " Upon the whole, the message is as friendly towards us Union." The Federal law may.be against the " Republicans," but. sistent with' the traditional style of such documents, and we may they will render it practically inoperative in the states iii which congratulate ourselves accordingly. they predominate ; and the judicial declaration that Slavery is the It is upon Spain that the weight ,of Mr. Buchanan's denun- keystone of th e Union will lead many who were before friendly to it ciations falls. If we have been spared, it is only that she may to desire its dissolution. The victories of the slaveholders arc be trounced more severely. There is a paltry sum of some like those of Pyititnus : another great one may prove their rum . 1.20,006 dollars, called the " Cuban claims," alleged to be due to A cause like theirs cannot be maintained by aggression arid certain American citizens, for duties unjustly exacted from propagandisin ; their hope lies in their own quietude, and the American . vessels in Cuba about fifteen . years ago, which always absurd excesses of their opponents. It is but consistent that figures prominently in the presidental indictment against Spain, the supporter of one kind of spoliation, in the shape of slavery, and is, of course, made much of by Mr. Buchanan. Thq should be the advocate of that other, which takes the form of claim may be a just one, but if settled at once Spain would obtbin protection and prohibition. Nothing more natural; therefore, no relief. If Mr. Buchanan has any project which deserves the than the President's recommendation to raise the import duties. name of a policy, it is the acquisition of Cuba. He first directly Mr. Buchanan's message is not one in which' the friends and proposed the scheme, has successfully traded upon it as a poli- well-wishers of the great "Republic, which, according; - to him, tician, and, having gained pow er, adheres to it. He is, therefore, at enjoys the " special protection of Divine Providence," can find least, entitled to such merit as' consistency in a bad cause mriy much satisfaction. It portrays her greedy for fresh territories, entitle him to. lie recommended the acquisition of Cuba in the unscrupulous about the means of acquiring them, and all the famous or infamous Ostend manifesto ; he'recommended it in while distracted at home by mi agitation which threatens to find lus last message, and asked Congress to take the question into its solution in a disruption of the Union which has made her consideration—a request to which Congress very sensibly paid what she is. no attention , He repeats the recommendation and request in the present message. Of course the question is mainly one for Spain and the United States to settle by themselves. It may be MB. BRIGHT AT BIRMINGHAM, as Mr. Buchanan put it in his previous message, that the T/I7"E cannot wonder that Mr, Biuoht's organ should be ex- geographical position of the island makes its acquisition ' " tremcly ungvy with the Times for comparing its hero to the necessary to the United States, while its possession is of'little " carcase of a defunct tabby " floating 011 the tide ; but the criti- importance to Spain. It may be quite true that America is rich cism of an enemy, however unsavoury, is often valuable, and it and Spain poor, and that the bargain would be a mutually advan- would bo well for the honourable member for Birmingham and tageous one; and if they can agree upon terms, well and good. But his adherents to consider, not whether such an expression is it must not be forgotten that Mi". Buchanan has calculated ju stifiable, but what there has been in his conduct whioh may upon the probability of Spain's refusal , and propounded a policy have suggested to an unscrupulous opponent so coarse an in- to bo adopted in that event. It will sct\rcoly bo for the interest of vective. Prom Mr. Bright s long prominence before the civilization and progress that the doctrines of the Ostend mani- country, and his acceptance or assumption of tho position of festo should prevail ; and it may be useful, as some guide to the leader of tho Reform party, it might have been reasonably cx- principles which influence the ruler of the United States, to repeat pcoted that he would guide, not simply follow opinion—that he lore the sentiments ho expressed in 1854 ;— would rule the elements ho hod invoked, mid provo master of the " After we, shall have ofifered Spain a price for Cuba far circumstances which, to some extent at least, he had produced. beyond its present valuc> and this .shall.have been refused , it If these are1 jeeqognised as frhe- duties and attributes- of a political will then bo time to oonsider the quostion, Poos Gulfti in tho leader, it will be impossible to read Mr, Bkight's Birmingham possession of Spain seripusly endanger our internal peace, and oration without disappointment and regret. Polivorecl just the existence of pur cherished Union ? before tho mooting of Parliament, in a city famous for its services " " Should this question be answered in tho afiirmativo, then, to reform, mid-by tho man put forth as tho champion of the un- Jan. 14, I 860.] The Leader and Saturday Analyst. 33
enfranchised , and the representative of middle class claims to a John Russell, we do not expect ; but he seems too disjointed share in the power alleged to be unconstitutionall¦ y and mis- from the average opinions of either aristocracy or democracy to chievously wielded by the aristocracy—-the. time, the place^ play the part of a great leader with vigour and success. There the office of the speaker, all conspired to give value to his are .thousands¦ who gi'atefully l'emember his services to free trade, utterance; arid : to invest it with public interest ; in fact, to who admire his eloquence, and are willing to believe in the make it the manifesto and programme of the multitudes he is sincerity of his intentions- V but he lacks' -moral dignity in his supposed to lead. Arid yet what is it, but an elaborate defence of appeals to the heart of -the country, and fails to commend himself the scheme which the Cabinet is conjectured to be maturing, not to its intellect as a statesman upon whose wisdom it can rely. on the ground of its justice or its completeness, or its ex- pansiyeness, but on account of its moderation and of its not being liable to the charge of being an extreme proposition. THE SPANISH CRUSADERS. While intimating a willingness to subside into the arms of npHE Spanish army-—a cigarette in every mouth, and a cross Lord John Russell, Mr. Bright told his heai-ers that the - . on eveiy breast, according to the latest accounts still expected measure would be more moderate than his own, more remains outside Ce-u-ta*, in pretty much the same position that it moderate than Mr. Pitt's proposals seventy years ago, more did some weeks ago. The Cid himself was never, we ai-e told, moderate than a bill introduced by the late Lord Grey, and so valiant as General Eciiague, the commander of their . first supported by Mr. Fox sixty years ago ; more moderate than the corps-—not even impassable roads check the fury of his chivalrous bill or proposition made by Lord Durham about thirty years troops ; no African drenches of rain damp the Spanish courage ; ago, and much on a par with, the bill of Lord John Russell in no chillv flapping of tents disturb for a moment the brave men's 1852. In this enumeration Mr. Bright thought proper to sleep. Mindful of their enlightened country, their virtuous omit all reference to the plans of Mr. Hume, which for several Queen, and their unpolluted faith, even raw recruits from years commanded a wide support in the House of Commons, and Basque rocks and Sevillia7i plains leap with joy to brave the which were more feasible and practicable than his own schemes. Moorish matchlocks and the ugly Moorish j^oniards : but still, After these general remarks on the coming Bill,, the speaker went with all its lust for victory, one ' stubborn fact remains to be on to say, that the county franchise might be regarded as settled answered, and that is¦'that the ' -Spanish'army does not move one at £10, but that there might be differences about that of boroughs. step forward. It sings vaunting ballads ; it brags ; it lies ; it He thought a £6 rental franchise would rather more than double flourishes about tlie crucifix , and defies , the Infidel ; but I it does the . electors of large thriving towns, such as Birmingham- and not move on. The clog is not a cowardly dog ; but still it yelps Manchester ; but in quieter towns the augmentation.would be but verv close to its kennel, and does not bite when it should. sinall-^in many cases not more than ten per cent. Ami this Probably two out of eveiy three of tlie readers of tha Times proposal he complimented as not being a very " destructive (the Spanish advocate) do not understand whereabouts in. x\frica measure." In further illustration of this scheme, he said, there the Spaniards landed, or wh-re tkdr forces are at present were one hundred and thirty-four boroughs returning one stationed. One would really think, to read the glowing and hundred and -ninety.-eight members, so small, that no ex> absurd accounts of Spanish' prowess (of how three Cacndores tension of the suffrage \vould give them an adequate consti- slew one Moor:, to wit), that Alfonso the Brave, Charles the tuency. But, instead of using this argument for rejecting the Ftftii, or the Great Captain were again slitting- Moorish ..gullets expected Bill unless it should be accompanied by some compen- with the. old chivalrous rapidity. Is it .possible . that ' .after all satory clauses dealing with these nests of corruption, Mr. Bright these feats of valour, worthy of. Charlemagne and 'his Paladins, added : " I am quite sure that the men who dread a measure like the -Spanish army still sticks close to the little Botany-Bay this, who fancy that we are extreme in our propositions—though town that we garrisoned for them in the old French war, and this, you know, is riot b\ir proposition—cannot really have that they demanded from us . back . ' after - - the . Peace with' such examined it, or they would not say a syllable against it/' timid and - suspicious haste?— " Alas !" as romance writers say, After this came some arguments to show that Mr. Disraeli indeed it is. . . . ought riot to object to such a Bill ; then followed the praise of Yes : there they are, the gallant crusaders, so confident of a residential qualification as superior to all others—some their cause, so distrustful of the Moor ; their backs to the safe remarks on the evils suffered by rottexv boroughs-—and an intima- port of embarkation, with no foolish thought of cutting the tion that Lord Derby was willing to give an £8 suffrage ; and bridge behind them, or burning the useful transport, a la Julius it therefore was not likely Lord John Russell would only offer C.ksak, in their gallant and prudent mind. They landed in their one basedupon 20s. less rent, following this came more proofs of own port, and remain just Where they landed—the brave hearts ! the moderation of a £& franchise, founded upon' calculations of Tf the position of the army that vapours and squibs, but does the millions of male adults it would exclude ; and a comparison not move on, is misunderstood by the English public, much of his own Bill with that of Lord John Russell. Assuming more is the nature of the quarrel between the Moors and that each elector represented a family, the former would leave Spaniards unappreciated by our countrymen. Talk of Napoleon out twenty millions, and the latter twenty-two and a-holf find unjustifiable invasions of Spain, why this Spanish invasion of millions. How false, therefore, was the charge that either A frica is twice as iniquitous. To say that centuries ago tlie Mr, Bright or Lord John Russell were immoderate men. ! Moors invaded Spain, is as ridiculous a cause of quarrel as if a The speech wound up, as usual, with an attempt to persuade the Cork pig merchant to-morrow were to break an Englishman's country that there was no occasion for national armaments— head because Strongbow, some years ago, landed in that city , that the people in, consenting to them were led away by " a red burnt a house .or two, and put out the fire again in due time herring tied to a string," and deluded by the newspapers, " who, with savage drenches of Celtic blood. don't give you a single fact that enn be relied on." Nor was BUI' piracy any just , cause for the war. The Riff We confess that this speech has not in any way surprised pirates, it is true, are a cruel race of wreckers, who consider all us. It is the natural end of the peculiar course fljx. Bright cargo that comes to their iron-bound shore lawful flotsam and has chosen. His own plans had nothing in them to rouse jetsam sent thither by a kind Providence. But Spain,- almost the hearts of the unenfranchised, while their reckless pro- without commerce, is tho lost tuition that wns required to take posals for disfranchising small boroughs raised a host of up arms on such a quarrel , if even indeed it were possible for enemies whom he had no power to meet. Still, it is some- any soldiers, unless they dropped from balloons to invade the It iff what humiliating to find a political general imitating Gorgey, (Raff) men's inhospitable lnud ; nor is the crime of thoso and surrendering his army at discretion, and to see that after a Mahommedan savages the fault of the Emperor of Morocco, who series of field days and manoeuvres tho war is to be given up. lias but a nominal power amongst the wild races pf the lower If something less is to bo token now than Lord John Russell Atlas j nor indeed would shelling Tetuan vex the BilfF men one would ,have given in 1852, what value can wo place upon the bit, for they care no more for Tetuan than for Madrid. services and leadership of Mr. Bright during the interval P The war, we repeat, is an unjust war, the result of greedy Has ho only promoted? reaction, and, after declaiming against national vanity and the old bigotry that tortured the Low aristocracy almost as vehemently as the followers of Mahomet Countries, and under the wretch Philip soaked our England with denounced the unbelievers, is he going to settle down ns lion's good men's blood. It is a fresh outburst of the old volcanic provider for a lordly chief P fire of Papal intolerance that has so long done the devil's work We can, understand that Mr. Biugut's admirers might r«ad in Go»' tf name, and devastated this world to prepare men for his speech us the utterance of a dream, and supposo that ho had another. A whole herd of Papal bulls will be issued , no doubt ; visited Birmingham in a stnte pf somnambulism, and addressed priests declaring, as they trample down the shores of A.l'rica, that to his constituents under the delusion that he was a Tory miniator, butcher Moorish w.oincn and children , to burn , the happy homos ' bound to resist democracy and prove the extreme moderation of t his views ; and it is easy to imagine the merriment of the ? Tho lfttcot rumours speak of tho advanoe towards J otuan. Wo Joub tho rumour, for thoro aro no roads : tho cholera is in tho oiimi , »»« ."»* opponents of Reform. wttt sottuon oymos on. Tho Vallo Wtyro will l>e t|w " vwlloy of tho shadow That Mr. Bright will, after all, bo a quiet follower of Lord of douth " to 8o*oo of those jtaviulora if oivro is not tuJcow. . . [Jan. 14, 1860. 34 The Leader and Saturday Analyst. to shell Moorish the friendly Moors and their timely cargoes of beef. That rock of Moslems, to scorch up Infidel com crops* come a day when ' , work, and will secure Paradise is a sore sight to Spanish eyes. There may cities is Christian and holy needed at " Gib," and Tetuan will be who leave their bodies on African soil ; but the Moorish beef will again be for certain to all get it. The motive is not.a contemptible one- emain, for all this, as unjust as ever. the nearest place to war will r cannot fade death on potted meats, and Moorish oxen of tliis iniquitous invasion is, that the Moors, A man The real cause will again be sought. Gibraltar—that fattens on Moorish trade,, aggravated, justly, more and more at the Spanish forts reared upon merchants, and that depends .cowardice, and that lives on the money of Moorish their shore, and encouraged by the demoralization, surely no reason for wishing to see the Christians, have latterly grown on Barbary for food—has degradation of this race of so-called victorious. dacious in their attacks ; many a camel load of Spaniards more and more au But if our conclusions are just, the Moors need no sympathy Spanish heads has been lately driven into Fez—many a Spanish ' weapons in their he tried in vain to from us They -We right on their side and aggressor has been forced to plough the land matchlocks are antiquated, their bullets can at soldiei% lounging over the embrasures hands. If their conquer ; many a Spanish least kill, and their enemies' lead can do no more. The Spaniards- of Ceuta or Melilla, has fallen back dead among his drowsy Avhere unlimited ised Moorish have to drag their guns over a roadless country, comrades, the just victim of some clumsy and desp them, arid cut them off in Melilla to a dangerous numbers of men -will swarm around . matchlock. These attacks, growing from Moscow, with hot sand instead of ional pride, restlessness of an un- piecemeal. A retreat blockade, stimulated hy hurt nat unless they keep prudently with one booty, have at last roused the cold snow, is before them, used army, and a general desire for one on s ore their backs to Ceuta, ready ta w-ai-j inconsequential and foolish foot on sea and h , indolent ministers, and lit up a when a sin le rout sends them panic-stricken to crus e," to end perhaps as safely retreat g enough to be called " a modern ad The Moors have all Africa at their back, the desert before. their ships. crusades have ended steeps of Atlas, the populous cities of Tetuan, Tangiers, and Fez The Times correspondent, " coached " by Spanish officers to retreat to ; they have broad plains for their troops of cavalry j almost as ignorant as himself of military matters, affects to laugli for their matchlock men ; they have provir firing, mountain fastnesses at the Moors, who cannot abide the bayonet, who are slow in sions inexhaustible, and climate and disease ready to do their who wear dirty white robes, and carry antiquated arms. So laughed sea is open between them and Spain, Sapor bidding. As long as the the Italian patricians when Valeuian rode forth to chastise we admit the Spaniards, even if defeated, with reasonable forti- arid the Persians ; so sneered our joimialists when English but once let them get entangled in trackless, who slew tude, are safe; troops were sent to chastise the despicable Affghans, passes, where cavalry cannot move or guns act ; let them be once us among their passes Eke slieep. To some men history teaches netted in a maelstrom of sabreing Moorish horsemen, .howling,, no lessons, and the past is a useless blank. The bravery of the let their powder blow ivp or become im- to a fi erce, and irresistible ; Swiss, and the victories of the Tyrolese, afford no lessons movable on some pathless rock, then will the fates of Crassus degraded people, bent on chastising an old enemy, with whom and of Varus have their modern' parallels ; then will bragging from the days of King Roderick they have never been at peace. unjust conquest again meet its merited that the Cross rose cowardice and a desire for Once the war was just ; but from the time fate, and the Moors will for another generation be left alone by above the Crescent on the xed-beU-tow.er of the Alhambra, the Spanish crusader. scaring the Moor from the rich plains that he loved so well and as free and brave men, respecting all people--who got the Englishmen, compared to those of Damascus, the Moor has once more fight for their own homes and own faith, whose children-still right oh his side. . . weep over the sufferings of tlie Waldenses, and rejoice over The Times may deride the scantily dressed Moor, with his Napoleon's downfall in Russia, where Azrael, with his icicle long cumbrous matcldock, and his fierce, but undisciplined heart, must sympathise with the side javelins, smote his power to the cavalry ; but those who have seen the Moor and Spaniard invaded rather than the invaders. We have hot now, like men of a prejudiced reporter. by side can laugh at the sophistries of " Chepe " in Richa rd's time, to exult in the Cross rising above The Moors, as competent observers fissure us, are tall, stalwart, was never spread by the sword. The great strength. the Crescent. Christianity clean-built men, of unimpeachable courage arid religion that uses the; sword to spread its doctrines must be a They dress light because of the burning climate, they are dex- false one. We have no longer anything to fear from Mahomme- terous swordsmen and good shots. Some of their tribes are danism ; the jaw-teeth of that monster were broken out long- horsemen, fierce and skilful as the old Maiiaelukes or the mur- its claws were clipped by Sobieskt ; its navy the ill-mounted Spaniards as ago at Lepanto ; dered Janissaries—as superior to got a moral lesson " "between the eyes," to use one of Mr. Kings- our own Hussars are to our rustic yeomanry. They inhabit a ley its Crescent will never grow to impassable ; 's metaphprs, at Navarino ; country without roads, and which-in the rainy season is the full moon : but if anything could render dangerous and in winter, rains, coming down in deluge rivers, will torment and , be a persecuting dira coliors " violent again the decrepit monster it would cow the Spaniards ; with the summer heat, a " and unjust war, such as Spain is now levying against the Moors. of- fevers' , wijil fight against the invaders, who will find their paltry artillery poor weapons against sun-strokes and the unseen blows renders, too, must remember that these of African malaria. Our TEACHING- AND ARMY REFORM. Spaniards ai-e not the Spaniards of the Cid, or of Ferdinand MUSKETRY and Isabella's reign. They are the degraded, priest-ridden, IT is still a common notion that the chief danger of a soldier's demoralised subjects of a modern Messalina, sona of the life in active service, arises from his liability to v wounds and men who fled from the French whenever bayonets were crossed death from the hand of the enemy ; arid war looks dreadful to ¦—men who the Iron .Puke always spoke of with disgust, as civil eyes in proportion to the destructive nature of the weapons Peterborough had done before : " her officers the greatest employed. No opinions, however, are more fallacious. Sir robbers, her soldiers the greatest cowards "—men who to this George Ballingal quotes, with approval the remarks of Mr. day hate us for winning the victories they deny we won. The Algock, in his " Notes on the British Legion in Spain :" " That Moorsj we must moreover remember, are men not enervated by the period of smallest loss to , an army is a victorious and. civilization's down bed ; they are staunch believers in a pure vigorously prosecuted campaign, with frequent battles and much Deism—in Morocfco less than in Turkey corrupted by Mahommedan marching ;" and every improvement in the efficiency of destruc- innovations ; they fi ght for their wive^, children, and homes ; tive implements has been marked by a diminution of the total they know the country, and bide their time. Heat and famine loss on both aides. .The Crimean War was no exception to these will fight their, quarrel, mid- drive the Spaniard to his ships. As ru^es ; the bulk of our lossos arose frpm want of vigour and for Moorish civilization, even its ruins in Spain are certainly capacity in our generals and heads of departments ;—and when gronder than any Christian work existing in that country. The the real fi ghting had to be done, although it was of the moist Alhambra, the G ranada system of aqueducts, the Seville Giralda, murderous description while it lasted, it accomplished in a brief are wonders of the world. What has Spain to show against period results, which would have been obtained with greater these, but unfinished churches, ami plains, ugly palaces, and an delay, and at a heavier sacrifice, with inferior arms. Even in impoverished people ? But apart fro m such reasons for rebtiking war, skill is beneficent, and ignorance the most cruel and the Spaniard's unjust contempt, let us remember with, gratitude destructive. The philanthropist may therefore look upon factories as Englishmen the kind relationships that have long existed for the fabrication of rifles and Armstrong guna as benevolent between the Moors ond ourselves. It is from them wo get all the institutions, and, without muoh violence to his imagination, beef that keeps the bipod warm xouml the hearts of English garrisons regard instruction iu musketry as the teaching of a Royal at Gibraltar. The Moors have been our true friends 1 ever since wo Humane Society for the preservation of human life. To held, that bone of contention. But for them, there have been timos diminish the sanguiutiry waging of war to the lowest possible , possible, during French sieges when we should have been starved out over point and to do what must be done as scientifically as 1 and over again. is the problem of statesmanship applied to military affairs ; and Lot us not imitate repudiating Spain's ingratitude, and forgot it is gratifying to know that our lumbering machinery of Horse our " friends in needj" lot the Spanish historians leav with the Video ; have begun a Grecian portico to the chief Consu- Horse Guards and War-office to invite skilled artisans to servo have nnvor beon amounts late building at New Grrinndu , which wo in the army for a pay which, after niggling deductions, have sunk a good deal of money clothes mode of devil's dust able to complete ; -and we may to about sixpence a day ; to wear slavos. We may have exhibited an undue of nn inconvenient pattern to wear boots that in paying duties upon or other rubbish , and 5 prolbronco in the case of the .Receiver-General of the duchy ot leave their soles in the mud, and bo dependent on a commissariat the loss of duties on under officers Cornwall, in granting him compensation for which sends the food to the wrong place ; ,to bo< these things, we admit, ore unwise, but , or who have bought their the coinage of tin. All appointed! for anything but merit if we can obtain a common, certificate (with protection) they siiau positions without likewise purchasing the skill they demand ; lace, whero they onn not occur again. to be immured at Aldershott, or some such p there is ono creditor that wo loam no campaigning, as that sort of work is all clone to their hand ; Repenting, as wo do, of those follies, [Jan. 14, I860. 3@ The Leader and Saturday Analyst.
ceiviog money had come into fashion amongst the merchants of the capital, should certainly like to see paid in full, at the next parliamentary A class of agents arose, whose office was to keep the cash of commtercial dividend meeting, if the state of the slender finances and the rules houses. The new branch of business naturally fell into the hands of the goldsmiths, who were accustomed to traffic largely in the precious metals,, of the Court will allow it, which we can scarcely hope will be be secure from , and who had vaults in which great masses of bullion could the case.. We allude to Lady Franklin. . . - .. . fire and from robbers. It was at the shops of the goldsmiths in Lombard- The late Arctic expedition (as everybody knows) was organised street that all the payments in coin were made. Other traders gave and the heroic energy and persevering determina- received nothing but paper. This great change did not take place without; and carried out by much opposition and clamour. Old-fashioned merchants complained bit- tion , of this lady; and brought to so successful , though so terly that a class of men who, thirty years before, had confined themselves (as far as the intelligence it brings us to their proper functions, and had made a fair profit by embossing silver melancholy a termination selling pistoles^ and men and seamanship of Captain bowls and chargers, by setting jewels for fine ladies, and is concerned) by the judg t dollars to gentlemen setting out for the Continent, had become the treasurers McCLlNTOcKi Every penny that has been paid for this expedi- and were fast becoming the masters of the whole city. These usurers, it was purse, without delay, said, played at hazard with what had been earned by the industry and. tion ought to come out of our national well, the knave Without pledging ourselves hoarded by the thrift of other men. If the dice turned up . without murmur, and without stint. who kept the cash became an alderman : if they turned up ill , the dupe by saying that Sir John Franklin's expedition was wise or who furnished the cash became a bankrupt. On the other side, the con- practical, we merely take it up on the broad ground that it was veniences of the modern practice were set forth in animated language- no individual or in- The new system, it was said, saved both labour and money. Two clerks national in its origin and design, and that seated in one counting-house did what under the old. system must have dividuals, however nearly related to or interested in the lost been done by twenty clerks, in twenty different establishments. A gold- explorers, should be allowed, for one moment, to step between smith's note might be transferred ten times in a morning ; and thus a Successful as hundred guineas locked in his safe, close to the Exchange, did what would the country and the performance of its duty. formerly have required a thousand guineas dispersed through many tulsj Captain McCltntock's voyage of discovery has been, it has not some on Ludeate Hill, some in Austin Friars, and some in Tower Street. accomplished all, and while any volunteers are ready to go out for such minute description, authori- expedition, It must be noticed that, again, and while any member of Sir John Fkan klin's sides are quoted, exemplifying Lord Macaulay's . , the most bank- ties on both however humble, is missing or unaccounted for diligence in examining all the pamphlets arid other wri- ublic funds to great rupt and penurious nation ought to squeeze out p tings of the day, on every subject which he thovight worth a stimulate further search . Captain McClintock, place in his history. Unfortunately for Lady Franklin and of the great their' work is eminently peaceful work, and the Court has little In such clear and graphic descriptions lies one Their work has no connection with wars and charms of his writings. Another is a vast number of biographical sympathy with that. ; and, bound riot, with Inj ustice and bloodshed, with annexation and national sketches, every one of which is a distinct gem the Court are all engaged in together, they make the most gorgeous ehaplet ever woven by the trespassing, and the sympathies of y the edu- these directions. hand of a literary man. His stylecharms, too, especiall promotion, are all re- cated, by the fulness of knowledge apparent in every line. His meta- Pensions, decorations, banquets, and sources, and served for gun-shooters and sword-wielders, while the conductors- phors and illustrations are drawn from innumerable their heads im- are all equally pregnant with instruction. He tells us that "he of useful and humane enterprises are left to bury advisers ;" nbticed in sorrow and neglect. If the Hon. Mr. Bruce (of frequently wrote at a distance from all books and all . that "he trusted to his memory for facts, dates, and quotations," China) or any other notoriety of the diplomatic gang, had arrived ' in London on the same day as Captain McClintock arrived with and that " he sent his manuscripts to the press without reading _ discourse was said to be the " Fox," his ship (if he came in a ship), would not have been them over." ^ As his after-dinner left rain-beaten in an obscure corner of a Thames dockyard ; nor " print," , they must have been without erasure or amendmeht. his crew, (if he had a crew) have been scattered no -man can tell Hone of his works have any marks of defect or any appearance where. The thousands who have visited this little Arctic vessel of having been written in haste. Apparently, he never took a pen from motives of idle curiosity, have looked upon a monument of in his hand till he was quite .sure of every word he ineant to say ; private heroism which is also a monument of national disgrace. and from the moment of beginning, lie rushed on like a con- queror. His style is clear, because he is always, certain of his Whatever may be the state of the national finances (and we , know that we are very poor), whatever may be feeling of the thoughts. He never doubts, and is never vague lie goes financial officers (and we know how uniformly careful they now straight to his object, and writes as though he were giving the are), the unobtrusive claims of Lady Franklin, and those who word of command. He is never affected , is untainted by con- worked with her, should be the first obligations satisfied in the ventional cant, and gives things their proper names. He speaks session that is nearly here. Economy, in this instance, should even bluntly, and sometimes verges on coarseness. His writing make us hold down our heads in shame ; especially when the long resembles the rush of cavalry, not the ambling of a gentle lady's . financial list of " Special and Temporary Objects " has exhibited steed. It is dogmatic, positive, overwhelming. Withal, it is . He was -—of course, in the dark agesa—so many melancholy records of very musical, and never tires. It is always fresh folly, jobbery, and waste. . perhaps the best read, the most learned Englishman of the age, after the death of Sir Ja,mes Mackintosh, and he was one of the greatest masters of the English language that ever used it. LORD MACATJLAY : THE AUTHOE. He died comparatively young, but lib had done a great deal of T OB.D MACAULAY was almost born an author. He was an Work. True, he lived three years longer than Shakespeare, but J-* author before he left college. The use of words was his in quantity the result of his labour is far greater than that of vocation- He was a great master of language, and spoke and the most illustrious of our poets. He started into public life a wrote equally well. When not speaking to others, he was generally thoroughly educated man, and seems to have taken nothing in , speaking to himself. His writings have delighted the multitude hand which did not succeed. Forty years nearly he worked and instructed the, learned. They are admired wherever our continuously -. and successfully, and, combining quantity with language is understood—abroad, as well as in our colonies and at quality, we doubt whether any man ever wrote so much and so home. He began his career as a poet ; he then became an essay- well. He was one of the most remarkable men of letters who ist, and concluded as an historian. In each walk he was first- have appeared m our country. rate, j but his essays are superior to his poerns, and his history is All the subjects on which he wrote were important, and superior to his essays. He improved as he went on, but in the chiefly political. His ballads were not of love nor of individual nrmnsitfi rlirant.ion' to Burke, whose first work was the least florid adventure, but of the great events and battles of ancient and of his writings, while the last was *' ungracefully gorgeous." modern timqs. He delighted in writing of famous men : Milton, Lord Maoaulay's style was less ornate in his history than in his Machiavelli, Cromwell, Olive, Hastings, Bacon, are only a very essays. It , gained in conciseness, vigour, simplicity, and ease as few of those whose characters he elaborately described. His he advanced in life ; and the diffuseness we find in his history themes were all worthy of his noble language. The modern ia more of matter than of manner. He had;inquired too closely, history of his own country was the one great work to which all he knew too lnuch, and remembered too well. Our briof quota- his other writings appear to have been preparatory ; and it was tions last week would suffice to remind our roaders of the style of commenced, having probably beeil planned while ho was yet his essays, and one quotation will show them the clear, succinct, young, on a scale that would require the life of the longest-lived business-like style of his history. It will show, too, the defective man to complete it. Wo cannot, however, regret its minuteness, philosophy with which he is deservedly reproached. The morest though peculiarly adapted for special histories, since it has made us tyro in political science now knows that the increase of wealth is better acquainted than ever with the conduct and, character of the consequence, not the oause, of division of labour j which, in our , should ;t— . ancestors. It has set an example too, of how history its turn, is the consequence of increase of population be written, which will never again become a more account of «• In tUo reign of William, old men wore still living who could remember misruling "princes. the days whoa thorp was hot a single banking-houso in the city of London. So lafco as tho time of tlie Hoatoration every trader hud hiB own strong-box When we. have asoribod to him an admirable style, (in excel- in his own house ; and when an acceptance was presented to him, told lent ohoico of worthy subjeots, q dear method of treating what- down the crowns and tho Oivrolusos on hia own oountor. lint tho hwvaaso and the qf wealth had prp dnood its natural effect , tho eubdivlsion qf lctbonv. Before ever he undertook, great diligence in his preparation^ tho end of tho reign of Oharlca tho Sooond a new modo of paying and re- acquisition of knowledge beyond, that of other men, wo have Jan. 14, 1860.J The Leade-. ^nd Saturday Analyst. 37
exhausted his merits. It is the boast of his admirers that the first. He was not a philosopher, nor an inventor, nor a great nearly is identical. he walked by the constitution. He stood by the practices of our poet, in all of whom: the true essence of greatness instead of consulting " natural rights."^ He They are all discoverers, and all make discoveries, some of mind anc ient monarchy, receive honoured old barbarism more than new civilization. Than other arid, others of matter, by means of reflection. They htened men, he served, whig government more and God approbation for making known something new and good. Every enlig MacatjLay wrote about was known before. He lessf "He did not wa£te his powers" on the barren subtleties of subject Lor^d ysics." He was therefore not a philosopher, not has not even the merit of Niebuhk,, or other diligent pokers metaph up the evidence of a forgotten a profound thinker, riot a guide for the future, however into antiquity, of turning ht have known and described the past. He was condition of mankind.. He has reproduced, repaired, and beau- clearly he mig ht again before this genera- in this respect far inferior to Bukke, who, if a worse apostate than tified the recently passed ; broug political improver, and has been, tion images of their immediate predecessors, which implies, the Lord Ma.ca.ulay, was a great grand, nor good. yet ia guide to statesmen. absence of discovery. He originated nothing and is name on no memorable change. His improve- acquired by the noble lord, his connexion : He has fixed his The early provision ments are confined to the instrument he used. He polished our with the Whigs, which we have already said was a misfortune literary character. It could riot give him language. for him, injured his history are of doubtful truth. a taste for the drudgery of business ; it did not make him Some of his novel readings of ,—-it debased him into a party writer. It We acquit him of being actuated by anything worse _ than party an administrator or three popular idols. He is quite true, as a contemporary reriiarks, that a unity charac- motives when he dethroned two and writings, but it is the unity of diligently consulted records, and believed what he said of terizes the whole of his life wrote so much on whig principles. He was too well informed to sink below whig , Maryborough and PENN. For a man who uals his rrors are marvellously few. Even professions, and he dare not soar above whig practice. At col- events and individ e a mi e by one of his impugners, it required lege, probably, he discarded what is ordinarily called faith ; and these, as it has been d tt d political parties is an unknown sentiment. a combination of talents to detect. He did not confess his .errors. faith in constitutions or did ? ©id Lord Men may hope for reward from them—they can only have faith in What party writer or what politician ever revelation . For an educated and literary man to dis- Macaulay ever bring Mr. Ceokek, another party writer, to a nature or exaggerate Lord Maca-ulay'^ s metaphysics, and turn aside from abstractions, to believe confession ? We are not disposed to regard political subjects his party predi- only in constitutions and administrations, is to fall into scepr errors ; but we know that on the worst kind, and have no hope but of political advance- lections continually led him astray. May we not say as much ticism of ? That we can ask such questions, ment or pecuniary greatness. Lord Macaulay had a wonderful for Mr. Ceokeu's aberrations , not faith even in that, and he had no and for one moment place Mr. Crokeii in the same category as intellect but he had kind is not the foremost. He enthusiasm. . Lord Macaulay, shows that his ital literary artist ; he was not.a first-rate man. If he ge of Lord MacaulaY's private life. was a cap We have little knowled h have been, he was not one of the heroic race. bachelor and the world does riot teem with stories mig t He was a rich * : Westminster Abbey, why should of his generosity. He gave a few b6oks to a philosophical , society As he is now entombed in president. He is said not Mr. Croker have had a like honour ? Why should it not be in Edinburgh, of which he had been chosen time, to a great service to his friend Mr, Black. He did decerned in due time, though we hope not for a long- to have rendered , and Mr. Carlyle ? That nothing that we ever heard of to promote, like Lord Brougham, Mr. Dickens and Mr. Thackeray first to. last he appears they have held up official humbug, and kingly knavery to just self-education amongst the people. From of whigs and even took a peerage less execration; thought a heavy disqualification in the eyes to-have been eminently self-seeking, the eyes of the advan- his country than as giving him dignity nnd tories, will be a recommewkition in as a means, of serving lies—the heartless tory jester,. with ease. The Atheiiaum says, that " his kindness to men cing democracy. Where Caxnixg ifts of money in beneficence who through his life mocked at degradation and suftemigs of letters was above price. His g Macaulay may, indeed, deservo were on a scale far beyond that of his fortune." There is the caused by tory misrule— Lord * lord nor any other a niche of honour. It has been remarked (not quite correctly) greater merit in this, as neither the noble it may, public of his good deeds. We at least that no conservative was present at his funeral. But person has informed the have done a like honour to Mr. have never heard of them, and mention them with satisfaction on be asked , would any whig Croker? At the end of their lives the two men stood nearly the authority of our contemporary. ht-minded public will continued success obviously increased on the same political platform, and the rig His eaiiy and his unscrupulous consistent tory ism of the one the arrogance which seems - to have been part of his nature. probably think the in the loss of his seat for Edinburgh a quite as honourable as the apostasy of the other. Instead of recognising for just punishment for his tergiversation; he regarded it as an • That Lord Macaulay was raised to the peerage . merely insult, and was angry, not convicted and humbled. He was literary labour is less a proof of great merit, thaii of the progress not even impressed with a sense of his own fallibility by an of the democracy to whose pleasure he ministered. But if West- admission of error. He treated Mr. Mill, the historian of minster Abbey be opened to all who hereafter gain applause by British India, with an " acrimony" of which he became so exquisite writing, the qualification is becoming, now that all can sensible that he refused to republish the essays in. which it was write, so widely spread, that the area of the Abbey must be greatly infused. He wrote so virulently against the editor of Mackin- enlarged. Otherwise it may fall under the notice of the ltight of the Revolution, that on republishing that Hon. Secretary for the Home Department, and, -like any over- tosh's History be shut up by essay he softened many passages, and some he wholly omitted. crowded church yard in the heart of the metropolis, He applied to what he supposed to be literary offences " language his authority as a lmipnnce. , which should be reserved for crimes." This did not prevent him, however, from attacking very furiously in the preface, claim of chelsea. to his speeches in 185-1 the editors and reporters of them, who had reform:.—the question of the Borough Franchise will (the misfortune , to. commit errors quite venial compared to his WE do not think the authors. He seems be, after all, that on which parties will probably come to issue acrimonious abuse of two distinguished " , was said of him at that period, « the arrogance of suc- before Easter. Mr. Benson, instructed by the Onvlton we pre - to suffer," day, thnfc the Tories cess, and to be enamoured of the instrument that has produced it. sume, told the people of Heading the other bid an £8 occupation suffrage in towns, which He hns a prodigious admiration of words, and a vivid detestation were prepared to " of a man being allowed would be equivalent to the rating recommended by Mr. W AL- of small errors. He speaks jocularly ' on the other s\ fair time to choke before the hangman began to grabble in his ,polk and Mr. JL jg >'m;y last year. The Whigs, to his indignation against a hand , arc committed to a JBG occupation franchise ; and to 'this entrails ;' and he sets no bound ltwljcmla who printer who had misprinted Bennet for Burnett, and against they will be hold, as a matter of good faith , by the Mackintosh. What helped to hurry them into power, and whoso defection (not to the editor who defaced the fragment by hereditary remains of his rejnwks show an irritation far beyond reason ; name hostility) would leave them to the mercy of their terrific. They were so violent rivals. Sooner thim accept the responsibility, fa ta l -to.them , of l>.ut originally they must have been the followers that ho was himself ashamed of them, and cancelled them. attempting again to deal with the Reform quostion , sometimes of Lord Dbuwy would yield at the eleventh hour on the- point Deeply in lovo with mere style, Mr. Macaulat Lords truth and generosity to a vindictive and > . referred to ; or they would ondonvour to get tho House of ¦sacrifices , as in this case, t whereby the matter arrogant vanity." In two instances, at; least, his a rrogance got to propound some schenio of compromise few years longer, would bo settled. As for the £U) county suffrage, there i* ihe bettor of liis judgment, and , had ho lived a , by genonil ihe i have boon as much ashamed of the acrimonious, prclaeo about that no long™ «ny dispute j and the ballot m ght till n
proving1 the mechanism of which he is a part. Newton, it is said, beef, Latin grammars are being bought wholesale' at trade prices, «fter he ascertained the great law of attraction, never pronounced and birch twigs are boing collected in the fields, all for their especial the name of the Deity without uncovering his head. Agreeing benefit. . •entirely with Dr. Whate^T; M. Bastxat says : " In proportion as We have heard a great deal of late about the dignity of tuition, intelligence is superior to matter, so is the social world superior to and the high moral purport of an educational career. We have had -the world-which Newton admired, ' for the celestial mechanism obeys valedictory d inners, congratulatory speeches, enthusiastic letters, laws of which it is not conscious: How much more reason then elegant articles in academic journals graced with classical allusions, have we to how our head before the eternal wisdom, when we ascer- and to crown all, a serious discussion in the public* prints as to the tain the consequences of the social mechanism ? In it the universal exact degree of moral turpitude of some score of lads some fifteen idea prevails, mens ag itut molem,- but in it, moreover, is this extra- years ago, and the consequent amount of credit due to the Educa- ordinary phenomenon, that every atom is an animated beihar, endowed tional Caesar who came, and saw, and conquered the Harrovian with that marvellous energy, the principle of all morality, of all savages in the year of grace 1841. The worst, however, that caii dignity, of all progress—Libeety, the exclusive attribute of man." be said about this demonstration, is_ that it lias something- of the Not endorsing" every word in this passage, believing that we are " teapot and tempest " eharacfei\ if, in like manner, our tailor not entitled to say positively that matter is not conscious of the laws chose to send us a sentimental circular, informing us that he was it obeys, we quote it as indicating the leading object of M. Bastiat's about to retire from business, and that when he first took up the scissors he had firmly resolved to lay them down at the expiration great work. . . , ., ' , „ . ,./. , His political economy has a much wider scope than the political of a stated period, following therein the rule which his great prede- economy of our writers. It includes all wants, all exertions, and cessor, Stttltz, had set before himself, but .had been prevented by all gratifications, except those which fill the delightful regions of fulfilling by a premature fate: well, we should think the exhibition sympathy. At the same time, the principles which prevail in it are rather a:i absurd one, and i£ we did not subscribe to a testimonial to ives birth to exertion, and the gratification is the his sartorial merits we should most confidentl y expect this gush of few. Want g ^ s e ter, asking reward. Want, exertion, and gratification all centre in the indivi- sentiment to be followed in a few days by a lawyer' l t y made to have the gratification , if for an immediate settlement of our small account. Still , in this dual, and as the exertion is onl well as the aesthetic this be intercepted the reason for making- the exertion ceases. This world , it is always well to look upon the actual as shows the origin of property, which, as Mr. M'Gulloch says, has a view of things. There is a material and monetary side to the edu- law of the land. A parent makes exer- cational question , which " parents or g-nardi ans " especially are . •deeper foundation than the , we tions to supply his offspring's wants as well as his own ; hence pro- painfully conscious of. By some twist in our moral nature the intervention of law, passes never hear of " religious, moral , and classical " instruction , without perty (not including land) without 's account. from parents to children. But parents and children form a family thinking of the mystic fi gures £ s. d., and a schoolmaster and a common means of satisfying them. Classics stand for pounds, morals are the shillings, and religion— which has common¦ wants Families' form. a community, communities make up the whole of poor religion—is the copper penny. human society. As the individual is born in a family or makes This base utilitarian view or ours is always confirmed at this part of a family, so all the individuals of the race are born hi society, season of the year by an inspection of the advertising columns in and all have a common means of satisfying wants. Born in a family our daily papers. At first sight, everything seems so pleasant. men cannot be otherwise than gregarious. All are subject to similar We wish that we were boys again, to enjoy the delightful inter- wants, which stimulate exertions common to all. They begin in a course of one: of . the thousand happy homes that would then be family, extend to a community, and from one community t.o another. standing open to receive us- The royal road has, indeed, been We are thus all created to help one another, and what is called discovered to;'learning, if not to Wealth. Our wonder is no longer division of labour shows how the kuv operates. It is the natural how any one acquires knowledge, but how any one escapes acquir- results of man being born in a family. Now observation has taught ing it. 'We have often thought that the " Curiosities of Edueational us that the consequence of the Common exertions dictated by common Literature " would form an instructive volume. The most wonder- wants, is that a vast abundance of things are produced which an ful reflection about all these scholastic advertisements is, that they , not of children, but of parents who have isolated man could not possibly produce* and each one now con:- are intended for the eyes sunies more, or obtains riiore in a single day, than,, by his unaided been to school themselves, who have been in their own day crammed, -exertions, he could obtain in ten centuries. Population, however, is and bullied ; and birched. One would as soon expect a clown continually increasing ; the help or services of the mass tor each to believe in a transformation scene, as. imagine that the father of individual increases as the mass increases, and so, helping each other, a family could believe in an establishment which " unites scholastic the power of multiplying enjoyment increases with population. This discipline with the tender nurture of home," Our scepticism cannot, is another great harmony, the result of painful wants prompting to it seems, be generally admitted , or else this class of school ad ver- individual exertion. . tisements would not be inserted ; and , in consequence, a somewhat Throughout society the wants and exertions common to the most curious light is thrown upon the character -of the English middle distant people lead them, in process of time, by trade or exchange classes, by the kind of announcements which induce them to commit to serve each other, just as the members of a family and of a com- their children to the care of strangers. munity serve each other. Thei r mutual services are every day paid We happen to have a copy of a recent Times before us .; and or rewarded by their mutual E xchanges of one commodity—the merely casting our eyes down the columns of school advertisements, representative of one service-!— for another. All are served ; and we take two or three at hazard, , remark that great as is unfortunately the destitution of many indi- We have altered the names, not to inflict an unintentional injury viduals *in our political societies, from political causes, the poorest on any particular . establishment ; but any of our readers may beggar, the merest pauper, unless absolutely starved to death, has convince themselves that our extracts are fair ones, by taking up more gratifications than any isolated individual, or even than any paper he likes at this season of the year. "At an established sparsely-scattered savages, can command. Throughout society one school , in a deli ghtful locality," we learn that " young gentlemen design is apparent ; it is carr ied out in all its parts by similar are boarded, and instructed, in the classics and French , with alj the motives, or one and the same exquisite mechanism. branches of tuition calculated to form the ' man of business,' and les, and we are glad essential to tho accomplishment of a sound , useful , and commercial Such is a brief notice of M. Bastiat's princip sentence is not very correct, to see that a translation of his work is announced by Mr. Murkay. education." Tho grammar of the above the translation, and tho phraseology somewhat indistinct ; but then the charge for Though the author did not live to complete it, one really cannot if reasonably well executed , cannot fail to improve our political all this is. only twenty-six guineas a year ; and It the views both of writers and readers. M. expect to have everything. ^cpnomy. will enlarge His terms are fc20 , Bastiat's great merit is to substitute man in his dissertations for Tho next advertiser goes in for cheapness. to be of services, not (pounds not guineas). His school is highly respeetable. his grounds' commodities, an# to represent all exchanges instruction " includes tho merely of money—a mere measure of services ; nor of goods, a mere are spacious, his diet liberal , and his Basttat is essentials of a first-rate education." Balaclava Lodge, in spite of its means of gratification. Wo doubt, however, whether M. Here, wo are quite true to his own principles, when he speaks somewhat slight- martial name, appeals to the sympathies of mothers. exclusively to wealth . delighted to learn , that " tho pupils enjoy tho benefit of maternal ingly of the English philosophers for attending of tho domestic If that be considered as it ought to be, merely as an index to well care, as Mrs. Bushy undertakes the superintendence must bo; like any arrangements. Constant attention is paid to hoalth and comfort, being, in a system so harmonious every single part with the regularity one bone of an animal in the hands of an Owen, a clue to the whole. and the ease and pleasures of homo are combined of school life." Omkcu informs anxious parents that - " Ins system of education is emulative, and such as to ensure a desiro to improve, without the droad of correction ;" and also that " omnibuses run THE SCHOOLMASTER ABROAD. three tinK's a daypfrom the " Groen Man and Still " to within five clergyman who educates a 'linked THE schoolmaster, wo all know, is abroad. The object howovcr minutes' walk of his academy. " A of his peregrinations at this particular period , is not tho de- number of gentlemen's sons," has happily a few vacancies. The struction of ignorance, but tho acquisition, of scholars. The pnpil- situation of his school , or rather homo, is beautifu l , remarkably hunting" season is at its height. When we behold a group of young- hoalthy, and possesses advantages rarely to bo met with, " A solid •children disporting themselves merrily at spino Christmas party, education, based upon sound religious princi ples, parental cure, ana wo look upon thorn with tho same foulings of pity as wp watch u tho comforts pf home miiy bo relied on." Wo aro not surprised to bovy of young partridges whirring through ' tho air, on souio Into observe that this opening is peculiarl y recommended to the attention sultry August tiny. . Poor hapless imiocents, little do thoy wot of of widows having- hous to oiluoato. Wo fuolm suspicion too, ot the 1 who makes nmendH for lost time," and can in Jus own their impending /ate,pf tho snart-s. that surround their infant loot- (rentlomnn " u stops. In tho ignorance of chijdhood thoy novpr dnmim that a language " receive a few pupils or introduce a vituting tutor, ioi the, highest, ru/broucus , wins the inUiroHfc oi tho hundred hungry pedagogues »ro prowling around, thorn, seeking system , which by. wunx- whom' thoy may devour, that whole columns of Tho Times arp (Mod. least willing, securing1 success for a proposed examination. Uur , however, is most of all exoitod by the wondrous proinwofl of Mi. with snares laid for their capture and undoing, and that at this very ration Aruuuei uouege moment, contracts are boing1 made with butchers for tons of ehin- HiaiirjciaiiT Iliaos. tho owner and master ot . [Jan. 14, 1S60. 40 The Leader and Saturday Analyst.
of high, eminence, the Principal conver¦t the temptation into an invitation and opportunity. So long Hants. Besides resident professors '¦mastery world is considered worth struggling for, so himself " bestows assiduous attention - in proper examinations, and in as the of the classics, and communicating instruction lono- will the influence of a nation lead to proportionate attempts to teaehin"' the Greek and Latin struggle wM- continue till the Prince of in the mathematics, navigation,.fortification, l:wdsurveyin°r, botany, overthrow it, and that ,illustrating, by the Peace is himself enthroned. Withotit refererice/then, to any par- and agricultural chemistry, with courses of lectures the signs of the times are full use of his valuable collection of machinery, the chemical and physical ticular power, it is only -fit that when care of Mrs. H. is not of evil auguries, we should be prepared for the worst. The question wonders of modern science." The maternal efficientl y prepared in a wanting. The soil is dry and gravelly; the park is beautifu l," adorned before us now is only, how can we be most by fine groves 4>f walnut and chesnut trees, and pleasant garden worldly and warlike respect ? grounds, with a rookery, fish-pon d, and meandering trout-stream. It We shall take it for granted that the defence of the country, is sheltered from bleak winds by a picturesque range of hills, which whether the people take it voluntarily upon themselves, or leave it terminate near the Marchioness of Fai-lowland's residence." to the usually constituted authorities, is the common cause, the There is a touch of real genius about this allusion to a Peeress duty, and the privilege of all our countrymen. Also it needs no which gives.an air of aristocratic romance to the whole establishment. argument to make it evident that the best defence would engage m What a blissful thought it must be to the parents of young Beown, it.the greatest number of effective men who are " fr ee, able, and or Jones, or Jenkins, to reflect that some fair daughter of the willing" to serve ; or that, if the greatest number .be too great, or peerage may catch sight of their lovely boy fishing on the banks of if such number could not be equipped, the best plan would be to the meandering trout-stream. Who knows what might be the engage those who were the most, and exclude those who were consequence ? We feel that the force of even pedagogal invention the least, fi t for service. Now, we believe that the present can rise to no higher flight, and drop the paper. general rifle club movement does not accord with these truths. This question about schools and schoolmasters must be a very We have seen that the employments of a majority of people cut pressing and anxious one to many parents at this time of year. them off from any chance of ordinarily bearing arms after the fashion We are afraid the only advice we can give them, is to use the same of our fathers. Any artisan or labourer who joins a rifle club rules about purchasing tuition as they would about purchasing any volunteers, if not to risk his situation, at least to make sacrifice of other article of trade or luxury; to pay, in fact, a good price for a great part of his time, and, therefore, of his income. If he give good article ; to distrust puffing instructors, and to look suspiciously eight days per annum to his volunteer duties, he gives one-thirty- at pedagogues who talk about the dignity of their office , and profess ninth of his all : and we arc bold to say that few working-men who to be more than honest traders in honest teaching. • discharge their first , duties to their families and neighbours, are m a position to afford this. To many men engaged in business, absence would be even more injurious. But it is also required that the volunteer provides his own uniform, at least, at a present outlay HIFLE CLUBS. of from about £2: and how many of the poorer classes can honestly . , N advocating the formation of these clubs, reference is often made spare such a sum out of their savings, even if they have it? Prac- I to the times when most Englishmen bore arms, and the bow- tical ly, then, these classes, the most numerous amongst us, are was a deadly instrument in ' almost every hand. But before con- excluded from the movement. The answer to this is, that those cluding that the rifle can become in this age what the bow was to our who can afford to volunteer need not therefore be hindered from ancestors, a little consideration is needed. When the bow was in doing so. We demur, however, to the proposition , that any class general Use, the habits and employments of the people were very because it has money to buy arms and time to use them has a right differen t from what they-now are. Settled occupations were then, to arrogate to itself the performance of a duty common to the whole rather the exception than the rule. War was what work now is. country. And, omitting the principle, the plan is. equally objectionable In hunting"' or warfare, the bow was to those who bore it but what ; as a matter of expediency. It is not to be expected that some classes any necessary tool is; to the modern workman. People engaged in will patiently see other classes becoming proficient in the use of the irregular pursuits pertaining to a rude state of society, could weapons whieb. are withheld from them ; and such a course , will devote much of their time.:to exercises of an irregular kind. More- inevitably bring- about that mistrust arid animosity at home which is . the greatest enemy to prosperity and' peace. It is objectionable also • over the bow was an inexpensive weapon, and the other accoutre-¦ ments were not necessarily uniform. '. _ as being an untrue representation to foreign powers of the power and patriotism of the British people. After our 'fears having been, In these days, all this is changed. The employments of the trumpeted to the world by alarmist orators and a passionate press, people are more regular in every respect. The majority are found and the eyes of Europe have been brought to see what would be the in shops, factories, warehouses, &c, toiling day by day, hour by result of all the agitation which has taken place, shall it-be shown to hour, at businesses allowing but little intermission, and no irregula- them that some 30,000 or 40,000 only of the wealthy care for the rity. Farming is reduced to continuous work, instead of being carried defence of the country ? If they find that in the hour of extremity , on by "' fit 's, and starts," as formerly. Whether this, machine4ike or expected extremity , only such a portion of the population care to process of modern lift! be not carried to excess is a question , but our prepare themselves, what inferencecan thqy draw as to the others, unless object now is to remind pur readers that it exists, and is unfavour- that either they are indifferent to the fate of their fatherland, or are so. able to the introduction of any thing likely to interfere with its disaffected as to desire a change ? And what greater encouragement; existence. Chiefly, no doubt, in consequenoe of the public being so Could an enemy receive P Fortunately, however, there are loss ob- engaged, whatever pertains to the protection of the nation or the jectionable methods by Iwhich the defence of the country enn be preservation of the peace, either in its domestic or foreign aspects, adequately provided for. It is open to those who desire to defend lias become less and less the business of the community, and more the country as a matter of grace, to adopt a plan which shall accorcl especially the business of the Government. The old constabulary with the truths previously stated ; or, if they decline to adopt such lias been replaced by a police force, sufficient in itself to form a plan , to allow the question to revert' -'to the Government, - and let powerful army on any emergency. Tin's force is well disciplined, t hat be done by law which they find themselves unable to do by equipped , and officered ; and, in not too few cases, is under the grace. We believe, however, that volunteering, if neoessary, may direct control of the central Government. The army and navy have be made a truly national movement. Instead of every man who also been prodigiously d eveloped ; and, leaving1 the Government desires to devote his monoy to the common cause spending it on absolute authority to keep these great powers in order, the country the equipment of his own person , let him subscribe to a common has kept back no cost, whenever they required , supporting. Evi- fun d for the club in his own locality. Lot it be said to all " good dently, then, it ie not considered the business of the people to take men and true " who w ish to join, " Here is room and a rifle,—if need upon themselves to interfere with the national armaments, or to be, recompense." Let such a fund be ^economically administered , provide for those duties which even the distribution of labour lias • and if it be not sufficient for all who volunteer; lot any preference assigned to special management. n the use of it be given to those who are most able and anxious to ' 1 We have not pointed out these things as proof , time rifle clubs ore . servo, without regard to whatever class they may belong to. Such npt required , but in order to help in elucidating the truo duties a course could not fail to be ample evidence to the most prejudiced, and difficulties of the case. Those who read history, and reflect that those who supported the measure were sincere in their purpose- upon it, or those who look carefully into the mechanical life of to servo their country in common. Party and class motives and modern society, will generally agree that the athletic and military manoeuvres could not be . attributed to. them with the least show of habits of our ancestors, reproduced and modified according* to our plausibility. It would disarm domestic demagogues, and convince present circumstances, would bo a great national blessing1. Military any foreign foo that we are not yet disunited enough to fall tm easy organization and exercise would tend to make our .population more prey. And thore can bo little doubt but that for the saino expense vigorous and healthy, and would remove much of the physical defor- a inoro efficient force would be forthcoming ' thin thero will bo it mity which sedentary occupations are inflicting 1 on us, and entailing1 every volunteer spends his own money on himself. At all events, if on posterity. At the same time, the self-reliance which would be volunteering cannot bo conducted in a perfectly patriotic spiri t, taught would abolish tho epidemical panics that have latterly becomo nothing but misohiqf can ensue from private or class inovemonts ; so prevalent ; while frequent partici pation in precautionary measures and the defence and dignity of the country will bo more fitl y left; in would keep us aware that {t securi ty is mortals' greatest foo" is charge of the Government, which, if id sees fit , can enrol and train equally true, whether applied' to nations or individuals , and would Rifle Clubs itself, and apportion in, taxes the sum each is to con- make us at once watchmen, or, if occasion arise, warriors. Well tribute tp their support. wp tp 1 may wish that the howors of war may never bo brought our To lliflo Clubs, as opening fresh sources of parade and pleasure* own homos j but while so wishing1, it becomes us to ask ourselves, our aversion is deoided. We onlv advocate their formation as neces- why wo should be spared, when other inhabitants of tho earth are sary "arid useful national institutions, undertaken in all seriousness ' 1 1 1 bo nfliioted. Whether thoro be or be not any pressing danger of for tho common service of the country, and to include alike rich and invasion , the very wealth , dominion , and resources of tin's country poor, as the old mij ifcift did. Such national instifcutipna they must will be a standing1 temptation to an enemy ; and it only remains to bo, or most assuredly, whether wo look- at them, as Patriots or us. add io these luxurious and lethargic habits, or class quarrels, to Christians, wo must count them worse than nothing1. Jan. 14, I860 ] The Leader and ' Saturday ' Analyst. 4 1
PARLIAMENT. . nation are tolerably fond of the pastime. When we inquire further NEW MEMBERS OF upon one un- XTrHATEYER the amount of moral weight the new members we shall find that Mr. Punch has been carried forward parliament of 1859 , it can hardly interrupted tide of success ; that he has spared no one, from the lowest VV may have brought to the to the highest personage in the realm, from the costermonger to the be predicated that they have added much oratorical force or political Certainly, the election in May archbishop ; that, in the words of Pope, " No place is sacred * not strength to either side of the House. •¦ the . Church is free. ; from the intrusions of this mime, who,deals on . did' restore to the speaking portion of the members a gentleman who, " rank of finished classical orators, all sides very shrewd raps ; and that, after all, few have been seriously • if he.does not stand in the first offended , and none have been outraged by him, we must own that doubtless takes a foremost place as one of the most forcible, and practical debaters the nation has shown very general good sense and a high appreciar with a certain qualification , one of the most , and that the conductors "of it have carried forward in the House—Mr. Hichakd Cobpen. It is also true that among tion of the work Mr. Digby Seymour, their design with consummate ability. The modern caricaturist has the reappearances were Mr. B. Osborne, rivals ; the Penny Punch, Judy,the Puppe t-Show, Colonel Dunne, and several other orators of equivalent mental not been without multifarious questions with Toby, the Clown, the Grreat GrUri, Man in the Moon, Pasquin , calibi-e, who are heard in the House on and other rivals, more or less insignificant, have troubled , and not unfre q uently with marked attention ; but Diogenes, good humour his reign, and have shared with him some little of his popularity. But the gain does not, by any means, overbalance the loss, when , and the - artists death has summoned before a one by one these empty bladders have collapsed we call to recollection those whom and authors who conducted them have sought other rafts or have more awful tribunal than a House of Commons, and those who for people who s causes. Fewer changes gone down in the stream. It is all very well relinquished their seats from variou are so much wiser than their own generation to sneer at Punch. occurred in the parliament of 1859 than has ever been the case hurt by his baton ; he The number of new members They who sneer are frequently the most since the Reform measure of 1832. could safel y retor t upon them with the old saying,—Do bet- when the new parliament assembled in May last, did not exceed 144. twenty years with greater seats have been vacated , either ter if you can ; joke every week for Since that period about twenty-five success ; hit the passing folly as it flies more frequently than I do, by promotion to the Hotise o. f-Lords,.by 'death , or by surrender. At lain fact seems to be that the is all that can be said in favour but si non 7iis utere mecum. The p presen t, the epithet " respectable" work is itself worthy of great admiration , nay more, of respect ; that of the new members, whether claimed by the Liberal or by the general cheerfulness and good y there may be some second Pitt or it has done great good, instilled a Conservative party. Possibl humour, and that in no nation or time could a parallel example of Canning, some " Heaven-born genius," who only waits for the be pointed out to that proper man ;" but as the success and beneficial effects of caricature proper time to show the world that he is the " afforded by Punch. Weak he often is, foolish sometimes ; less matters stand at present, the revelation is not yet made, nor has matter which keenest scrutiny. frequ ently he is snobbish ; but in the immense mass of any clue to his whereabouts been afforded by the twenty years made us laugh it would indeed be curious if we As far as votes are concerned, the Liberal (not the pure Whig) party has for have certainly did not find stains and blemishes ;—the wonder is.that we find so few. has had most reason to rejoice. The Conservatives The tide of caricature has flown evenly since the establishment of lost strength la tely, though tin's we know they are disposed unre- there must be a con- has seen Dr. Michei/l, the Journal alluded to. It is quite true that servedly to deny. Bodmin, for instance, siderable strain on the professional joker, who has to find a certain who took his place on the Conservative benches, replaced by Mr. funny in the events of erratic Conservative number of objec ts upon which lie must be W.yld, who sits vis-a-vis to the great but every week ; but they who make a wonder of this quite overlook the leader. Beverley has yet to make its choice. Berwick has ex- humour in the English joiu and here the Liberals fact that there is a solid substratum of changed Mr. EaeIe for Mr, Ma banks, character, which affords a perpetual and rich mine to those who have no cause to-lament. Dartmouth, once rejoicing in a Schenley, and caricature has existed twin representa- choose to dig. J oking becomes habitual, now glories in a Dunx. Devonport has lost her Only the other day, a learned Italian made the public Wilson (who is trying his hand as a regenerator of in air ages. tives,—-Mr. ^ aware of the existence.of a quantity of rude caricatures on the walls Indian finances) and Sir E. Pebiiy ; the borough finds its politics about the city , or those who Seyjioijr and Sir A. Bullek. of Pompeii, drawn by the loiterers .. . now harmon iously reflected in Sir M. waited for the opening of the Circus, or the commencement of Gloucester yet waits for its representative. . Hull , Conservative in buried city are the chalk the latter gentleman, the Comedy. On the walls of the predilection, exchanges aHoARE for a Somes ; scratches of humorists who lived two thousand years ago, dis- from'his position as a shipowner, by far the more fitting—we_ do not y the same intentions as our own cbnstitiiency. Liskeard tinguished , rude as they are, b say the more able—representative of a seaport of yesterday. Addison defines the art as consisting " in pre- las parted with no honour in replacing: a Grey with a, Bekxal aggravated features, some the Right Hon. serving amidst distorted proportions and Osborne. Lewes'sustained a loss by the death of distinguishing1 likeness of the person." Hence the gigantic noses, IIeney Fitzroy, albeit that right lion, gentleman once took the curl of the hair, which carica- perhaps wiser years the tricks of the eye, .the mouth, rankg with the Tory party, but in older and turists preserve but exaggerate. Hence, also, the derivation of the boldly resigned his " old lamps " oil Conservative benches, to take to overload. In painting, carica- present Lewes is word from the Italian caricarc , f ondly to " new " ones on Liberal seats. At ture has much the same affinity to the historical, as burlesque to the unrepresented, but very few days will elapse before the vacancy is ture would bear the same Northamp- epic in poetry. A finely drawn carica filled. Norwich is in the same temporary predicament. analogy to the Last Judgment of Michej, Angelo as the lorn ton lost her. member by translation to the Upper House, and found Eumenides of iEscilVLUS, pr the Pontefract has its seat Thumb of Fielding does to the a congenial substitute in Lord Henley. Hamlet of Shakspkre. One. caricaturist we English have had, yet unfilled. Heading1 - mourns for that man of true talent drawing, and who may not in- adorns the Bench, unequalled in invention and in fine whom ifc deli ghted to honour, and who now el the Michel Angelo of his art,—the re- lied by Sir F. Goldsmid. appropr iat y be termed Sir H. Keating. The vacancy is supp nowned James- Gilray. Whitby's loss was perhaps the severest of all. Death robbed it of • one of the sons of genius, whom an admiring world will ever rank English History, of the later and inosfc interesting pcrior], owes ' Stepkcenson is known of its best elucidations to caricature ; and the riso of these amongst -its most gifted men. Kobicrt somo. (Mr. a t Whitby no more, and Mr. Thompson fills his place. Why pictures may be traced to the Dutch. The great Protectoy Mr. Thompson should have succeeded against Mr. Chapman, who, Cahlyle might shudder at the - foot) was continually subject to tho pping interest, wicked wit of th e artist, and the gross drawings wore bought by if not a shipowner, is -closely connected with the shi ol so mid who had the united influence of the Shi powners' Society in Jus hundreds among the king's par ty. Some of these were able to id a na ture , thufc .it has been supposed that old plates favour, is an electioneering niystory that nobody appears obscure and stup , is man of acknow led ged ability, were purchased to supply the market, the legends being cnised and solve. Mr. Thompson , however, a dishone t bu t and tho Liberal party will have no cause to regret this latest accession others appropriate to the time substituted. The same s unrepresented , for the present; profi table game was carried on during the time ol the fc mvth bea to their ranks. Wakefield waits one volume, was Taunton , following the wake of .'Hull, has add ed another item to bubble ; and a collection of such pictures, bound in t ho Conservative body by substituting for an enrjobled Laboucherij issued under tho Dutch title of the " Oreat Picture of 1< oily. Our and Hogarth followed, unapproachod in his wit, pungency, and Mr. G. C. Bhntinck. This closes bur list of vacancies re- own , placements in tho English boroughs, and next week wo shall briefly observation , who may- claim to bo the prince of caricaturists and onumorato the Scotch nnd Irish. Wo have more particularly referred the wits of his day soon perceived his power. Fieldjno, in " lom to tho English members who have found their way into tho Par- Jones," the great prose epic of human i attire, as Byron hath son- liament since the General Election. Tho new members returned nt teritiously called it, continually appeals to Hoo a-ktii. bwivx tho general contest have already had their political claims tolerably apostrophised him thus :-—• political weight and woll sottjod , as far ns public estimation of their " How I want thoo, humorous Hogurfc ! • tendencies - are concerned. Bufc tho later untried members have, Thou , I hear, a pleasant rogue art. mi interest all their own, because their elections afford a kind of Were but you and I acquainted , prospective indication of the class on which popular suffrages will Every monster should bo painted ; generally have You should try your gruvin/j tools most liborally be bestowed. The recent members On this odious group of foola. boon returned not so much as political adherents of this or that J)va,Yf thorn like, for I asaure-ft party—of this or that leader $ but they have been returned as , JTou'll ncod no aarlvnt itra . exponents of the liberal , or rather tho " popular " party. This may Draw thorn bo that wo may trace .prove significant of tho probable composition of tho next House, AH tho soul in ovory fuoe." " when the anticipated lteform Bill comes into operation . What Hogarth (Swiet is right, by the way, in dropping tho final h) made-of caricature, all who have studied lus works am ton. inomlist, CARICATU11A. • '• ' There is no need now to panegyrise him. Ho was ft -grout ' first picture lie pamtdd to the. lust we consider, for a moment the fact, that a certain weekly paper has and every touch of his, from tho ovoi IF auction card he etched , nns »» it-a profuse ent.ro which was existed for very nearly twenty years, and has reached its thirty- 1 1 , meant to injure, but always to improve. Ho who d^ ' ;;™ *'•"*{? ninth half-yearly volume, having for its solo purposo badinage and .Uiau of any other, »«> <> the social and political caricature, wo nnittt admit that the English u s a luurnt inore out of HuuAU TJi 'a W^, [Jan. 14, i860. 42 The Leader and Saturday Analyst.
grandmothers with the Grecian " stoop" and scant dress, Bible exaggerated but little. To the faithful eyes of some, his were bur c s r d hair, such as the Princess Chablotte wore, as picture histories appeal more forcibly than written tragedies or and richly lu te e Joedan charmed with, and under which the busy brain of sermons. His Dying Rake and Harlot preach against waste, folly, Mrs. Baxter Or Sherlock ; his V Marriage wicked Mrs. Clabke planned her sale of commissions—a sale the and vice, quite as forcibly as Crimea. A treatise against niar idges de convenance effects of winch lasted in our army until the time of the a la Mode " is a sound and mothers ; grand- question , and a hundred years ago pointed little further back are our great-grandfathers from both sides of the killing as beau or blood end of very many such alliances, quite as accurately as any fathers with powder arid pigtail, looldng * out the like only English faces can, report which might be selected from the scandalous chronicle of and with complexions blooming, 's Court. But beyond this, Hogabth beneath the contrast of the white powdered wig. Our grand- Sir Cresswell Cresswell fresh, riantes lish humour—call it "fun if you like—and mothers drawn ponderously by Bunbtjby, but , possessed that brood Eng , or in hair heart, without which no pencil- or matronly, as the case may be, in mob caps and tuckers that expansive intellect and feeling natural greatness. Let any one look well into a foot or a yard above their heads, or languishing with satirist can hope to attain Angelica Kattfe- Finch ley " if he can without laughing. Let him mark curls tied with blue ribbon, after the manner of his " March to old days of Pitt, in his " Times of the Day " that wonderful face of the boy, who having man. They will bring to mind the sturdy , has put it down with such force as to Bubke, and Fox,—Fox the beloved, the butcher, the gambler, or rested his pie-dish on a post Hampden—Cicebo and then say whether he be most inclined to laugh at or the spotless patriot—the sansculotte' ; or the break it, name, fitted cry with the urchin ? Hogabth was capital with boys. In fact, or Catiline— eminent in each character, under every a succession of artists, who have each "¦to reign in hell or serve in heaven," but still the chief fi gure of the London gamin has had , Peel, him and who have or should have made him the picture. Addington, the doctor Sidiiouth , Canning studied and understood , But the gaeth, Cbuikshank, Leech, each of these have been Russell , Diseaeli, or Palmebston ; let the leaves fly. famous. Ho the empty y successful with boys. Hogaeth's pictures are known lesson is not lost ; the wit is dead, though gaiety is that of wonderfull ( ' to all who love caricature, political or social, pasquinade or satire ; mask of comedy, with inane grin lying upon an actor s tomb. but his merit and his price alike narrowed his public ;—he was not for It is probable that almost all the popular ideas of prime ministers the shop windows, like Sayeb, Gileay, the elder Cbuikshank, and leading politicians have been moulded and shaped by the cai-ica- Woodwaed, arid Rowlandson. turist. Who does riot know the pompous yet kindly Peel , the Saver, a little anterior to Gileay, may be only mentioned as a versatile, large-hearted, and large-brained Heney Bbotjgham, connecting link 5 compared with either GilkaYj Woodward, or Russell , or Palmebston, better by Leech's pencil, than by any Eowiandson, he was feeble enough. It is worth while however to other portrait ? When we see the great originals, we are disap- look over an old folio, and to mark what pleased our. grandfathers pointed that they do not come up to the wood-cuts ; that " Pam" is or great-grandfathers before even PLAKCTTS.was consul. To say truth, not so jaunty, nor Bbougham: so .eccentric as he is drawn. We mutatis mutandis, we do not appear to have made much progress. shape the ideal head to the speech , and measure the action by the Dead enough, in all conscience, are. some of their jokes now, but we dress. The caricaturist has been up earlier than the historian, and niust remember the effervescent nature of these witticismSj which, has stolen a, march on him. He influences popular knowledge, like soda water, are only palatable when freshly poured out. The though forgotten ; the very water in the well of truth is stained by biggest stones which an artist both then and now could throw against his ink ; and to the end of time, we shall never be quite sure that a minister, were love of place, love of money, and a perfectly Palmeeston does not carry a perpetual bit of straw in his mouth, ravenous appetite for a bribe. Contemporary history and private or that the nose of Oliver Cromwell was not as red as the lattice letters show that these accusations; foul as they are, were not always of a country roadside inn, so deeply are we tinged with the teach- ; ^ wrong. They hit hard too. The mud stuck, and more than one ings of the caricaturist. ¦ -_ * . Caricaturist has like Cerberus, been silenced with a sop. But then, , The art iii its modern phases has yet to be considered. , in those days, ministers did curious things. They, pensioned an infamous writer, Avhose title-page declared he painted " in glowing colours." the adventures of " ayoung lady;" while they brought lip orator Henley before the Council; to remonstrate with, and to LETTER EROM GERMANY. threaten him.' Hanover, January Sth, I860: The social caricature was of precisely the same nature as is the . lace on social -cut- in last week's Punch. Woodwaed, Bunbuey and npfitE opening of the Prussian Parliament will take p Leech have all attacked dress, fashion, manner, and the insolent X Thursday next; when it is expected the Prince Regent will - assumption of the three. Hogaeth was the author of just as hard deliver the speech from tho throne ; in which will .be urged the cuts at ladiesMioops, as Leech is against crinoline, and both were acceptance of the measures that will be brought forward by the equally powerless. The frivolity of Fashion resembles certain fevers, Ministry, with reference to the reorganization of the army. The which no physician attempts to stop, being quite aware that they prince and his ministers are of one accord as to these measures, will run their course. With oixr present social caricaturist there is though it appears that the Minister of Finance required a pledge this to be remarked, that it is difficul t to say whether or not he does that no additional taxes should be demanded. According to the not aid in the absurdity he condemns. Dozens of young ladies and JSTewPr ussian Gazette, it has been resolved to apply five million " swells'' no doubt dress up to Mr. Leech's fi gures ; and it is thalers bf the loan of forty millions still in hand towards defraying difficult to say whether he copies the. smart ,piquan t /ace that we so the costs of the alterations during the first year ; but all future dis- ofte n meet with from his pencil , or whether the young ladies (and bursements are to be covered by the grant already made ,of twenty- young men too) do not dress to resemble his figures as nearly as they five per cent, on the income and class tax, which brings in, at can. With, Woodwaed and Rowlandson there is this difference : present, about three million and a half thalers ;. two millions more their fun was rude and boisterous, ofte n cruel, and almost always are expected to be obtained from the surplus income of the coming accompanied.by an open or a latent indecency. People falling down year—an anticipation which will, in all probability, be realized , stairs, skaters tumbling through the ice, and in their grotesque should peace be maintained, and trade and ¦manufactures continue struggles poking their skate points or sticks into their neighbours' as prosperous, as they have hitherto, been during peace and the eyes or mouths, breaking their own backs or heads, or their horses' absence of war alarms, The Prince Regent, in his reply to the logs, and similar subjects not by any means pleasant to contemplate, congratulations of the ministers and tho generals on New Year's day, nve the staple,subjects of their plates. Dress gavp great opportunities laid particular stress on the unanimity existing between himself and for indecency,-—and Rowlandson, a fine free draughtsman, a kind of the Cabinet upon all general questions, and especially thanked the Rcbens in his walk of art, never lost one. Minister of Finance for his ready acquiescence in his views respect- Gilbay—employed by a Bond Sjtreet publisher, aixd bound to work ing the financial measures to be laid before the parliament with only for him, yet continually produced plates which he sold elsewhere reference to tho reorganization of the army. Ho called to mind witli other signatures-—was a man of fine genius, and under other tho intentions of his father, King Frederick William III., upon circumstances might have achieved a greater and purer fame. this important question, and tho many circumstances which wad Often 09 ho. struolc . at a " minister or satirised a courtier, ho yet occurred to px'event those intentions " from t>eing carried into effect. more often returned to the battle which ho loved to wage—that The weightiest reason, however, was tho vast strides that had been ng"ftin,st Buonaparte. With him the Cpraiqan was a murderer, made in every department of agricultural and manufacturing a fanatic, a tyrant ; an invader with death's head and dripping1 sword ; industry. The present constitution of tho Prussian army proved, i\ ghoul who loyed to feunt on human flesh ; an incarnate fiend , a itself to be totally unsuited to tho state of society and the progress demon. Single-handed, Gilbay fed and nursed the flame of hatred of civilization. Instead of increasing* the powers of the nation, it which burnt so steadily and so long in these islands against that crippled them, by withdrawing from their occupations those who potentate, whether as general,- first consul, or emperor. Napoleon were tho chief support of the finances of the country. The prince himself perceived it, and coin plained of it. His empress and generals concluded by expressing a hope that both ministry and parliament came in for a share of Gjlhay's pictorial wrath. Ministers, who would lend him their aid in accomplishing1 this most needful reform. nt tho time of the trial of Peltier were not unwilling to conciliato The newly appointed Ambassador of Austria to the Cabinet of the master of a hundred legions, in vain attempted to stop Gilbay. Berlin has arrived. It is said he is charged with a special mission TI10 shop windows still deployed tho bright colours of the newest connected with tho Rornagna and the French pamphlet, against prin t, wherein, as incendiary or demon , tho chiof person wns still which tho Cabinet of Vienna would be happy to get up a demon • Nax'oleon Buonaparte. If, according to tho diotutn of tho latter, stration in conjunction with Prussia and Russia, if it were possible. ono newspaper editor wore worse than five corps d' armtie -noting The Austrian Government cannot roconcilo itself to. *th e fact that against him, surely Gilbay, with his enormous effect on tho British tho Holy Alliance is a tiling of the past, never to be called into Hfo mind , then hardly swayed or tfiwght .by loading1 articles, wns worse again. There is probably little truth in the report. Indeed, Austria, than fivo editors, Ana if wo of the volunteer corps wish to realise has nothing to expect either from Prussia or Russia ; tho latter, the intonso hatred, tho indignation, tho burning passion with which through its journals and diplomatic agents, rtiay 'drop now mul then moat of our fathers regarded tho firyt Napoleon, wo have only to expressions of dissatisfaction with the policy of Louis Napoleon, turn over some old caricatures. How the old times rise before us, and his apparent determination to trample upon treaties, but Austria's summoned by (he tricksy Ariul of art, ns wo look over them. Here ofibnoo during- the wnr in the Crimea is not forgotten, nor over will ¦ Jan. 14, -18.60.j The Leader ana Saturday Analyst. 43
be. The very name of Austria is an execration among all Russians LITEEATITRE. with whom I corne in contact. This week a conference of the north-western States will be held at Berlin, .to cpnsicler the best means to provide for the defence of CHINA AND JAPAN.* the coasts of the Baltic and North Sea. Some doubts are entertained many,events, of -startling1 importance havebeen crowded into the whether Hanover will take part in this Conference , owing- to the fact SOhistory of British relations with the East since the spring of ISp 7, that tie question is already under the notice of the Federal Diet, and that it woxild be hardly safe to assume that the reader will recollect to which Hanover and oth er States would rather confine it. It is exactly the circumstances of Lord Elgin's Mission to China, of which evident that Hanover regards Prussia with a very jealous eye, and Mr. Laurence OH pliant was destined to be the historiographer. The strongly objects to her taking- the initiative in this or any other famous quarrel with Commissioner Yeh arising out of the capture of Federal question. It is tolerably clear that the Hohenzollerns have the " Arrow " lorcha occurred in the previous antumn. War in the become masters of the " Bund," arid remain so, in spite of the efforts Canton river was the consequence ; but the forces on the spot being of Austria, Saxony, Hessia, and Hanover. However deplorable an too weak for an attack on Canton , an English expeditionary corps of intestine war would be, it is but natural that these ancient dynasties five thousand men was despatched. The hour of the Chinese should struggle fiercely against the overgrown influence of their Emperor's humiliation being clearly at hand, not only England , but comparatively modern rival ; Saxony more especially recollecting France, Russia, and the United States determined to send plenipo- the narrow escape she had fro m utter annihilation in 1815 , when tentiaries to take, advantage of a time so favourabl e for extorting Lord CastIiEbeagh declared it to be his aim to annex Saxony to treaties. Lord Elgin accordingly started with his " secretary," Prussia, however much lie might regret to destroy so ancient and Mr. Oliphant, and a numerous train ; but while they were actually honourable a dynasty as that of Saxony, ~ upon their route the great rebellion suddenly burst over the heads , The "Vienna journals are occupied chiefly -with the discussion of of the Anglo-Indian Government, and our troops only arrived in the three Imperial patents lately published upon the subject of the China to be sent to Calcutta with all speed. The gentlemen of the national debt, the regulation of the licences for trades and handi- Chinese Mission , who had left their countrymen at home talking of crafts,
to exaggeration or injustice. His thought may have been too much faith, a gladness,1—if nothing more, a beau tiful dream. Even if he Influenced by Germany, his style by France ; nevertheless, a broad , were only a visionary, yet visionaries are in their way always Strong, genial individuality bursts irresistibly through . The man missionaries too. Still, if we are to calculate the future by the predominates over the writer, and renders' ¦the writer much more present and the past, and even introduce some roseate; phantasies to suggestive and impressive than if he were merely the writer. We help us, we can see no glimpse of the dawn for Russia, and through a© not sympathise with Herzen's Hegelianism, and his rhetorical - Russia for Europeit is, which Herzen predicts* If Russia has taken a ornaments of the French sort are not to our liking. Hegelianism . bold attitude^ not from her own vigour, from her own con- is a cold and misty moonshine ; and French rhetoric, if intolei'ablo sciousness of superiority, but from the faults and feebleness of the at first hand, must be something at second hand which we do not exhausted dynasties around her. She owes something to her valour, choose to name. Spite of defects, Herzen is an author of great power far more to her unscrupulousness. Russia has only one real rival in and eloquence. He has distinct ideas distinctly enunciated. Though the world ; that rival is England. . But while one of Russia's m oist he may borrow.gaudy Gallic phrases, he hammers his meaning home ; notable characteristics is mendacity, England surpasses all other arid it'is rather the jargon of French publicists than Bossuet bom- nations in truthfulness. It is as truthful as Rome when Rome bast, in which he occasionally deals. The rhetoric of the French was in its prime. Now, England, abounding still more in vitality of the present day is entirely publicistic. It has no pompous than Russia—at least, having its vitality more concentrated, and periods, but it mocks us with false clangor -.—it is antithetic, epi- symbolising, besides, that right which alone can give enduring grammatic, with a dash of the military : it has so much pith and greatness to kingdoms—must, rather than Russia, have the voca- point as to have neither point nor pith. The empire which the . tion to regenerate the world. It is confessed by-. Slavonians that French language, French literature, French fashions have hitherto Sclavonianism has neither the hunger to urge nor the courage to held in Russia, must have been eminently fatal to originality. march till impregnated and impelled by foreign elements. The Herzen has not escaped the contagion, but he has perhaps suffered very name of Russia is Scandinavian ; and it is always an influx, an possible for a Russian to suffer. onset from one quarter or another, which has swept Russia into the as little as it is long as the other states of Europe f The object of Herzen's pamphlet is to vindicate the Russian path of victory. Of course, as Michelet. are the unmurmuring slaves of an idiotic Mediaevalism ; as long as people from certain charges brought against them by rulers, and diplomatic ' tricks There are few writers whom we admire more warmly than Michelet ; they prefer dynastic puppets to real assertion to which to sagacious and stalwart statesmanship ; as long as potentates¦ and but he assuredly indulges in that recklessness of more than they dread the ' Cossack, the all Frenchmen at the present day are so prone. Pope Voltaire— priests dread the democracy habit of Cossack is a peril, and a dread to Europe. Intensely as we hate the only Pope for whom the French care—was in the which presents itself to us in Pbdolia, Vol- deciding the more emphatically the grosser his ignorance. His Russia—not the Russia . , have not been slow in hynia, Ukraine, ; and elsewhere, with something of idyllic , charm and countrymen, even the most insignifican t licity—but the Russia which is crucified by the arrogating the same infallibility. It is evident that Michelet knew patriarchal simp Russian people when attacking them. insatiable avidity for territorial aggrandisement ;—intensely as we absolutely nothing about the hate Russia, we should welcome even Russia as a deliverer, if other- He was carried away partly by French vanity and vivacity, and , When confounding the Russian wise no escape is offered from feudal monstrosities. The kings the partly by his sympathy for Poland. the aristocracies of Europe have ceased to be patriotic. In Government with the Russian People, Michelet. was, as Herzen priests, g towards the latter. No one can the late war with Russia, there' was no attempt to strike Russia shows, guilty of serious wron where Russia is most vulnerable. The war was thus a sham war. denounce the Russian Government with hotter wrath than Herzen you kindled a colossal a system, vile in the instrumen ts it But there was the craven alarm lest, if himself. To him it is vicious as combat in Poland, there would be a rising throughout Europe. employs, horribly cruel, corrupting, degrading in its action and are selfish , it remains to has had its flatterers : but ifc-has But if kings and priests and aristocracies results. The Russian Government be seen whether the heart of the people, in England, in Germany, never been its own honest sons who have flattered, it. To^ call it a , then Russia has small " is a bureaucracy, based oil lies and and in other lands is not sound. If sound despotism is not correct ; it chance of first enslaving, then regenerating Europe. The danger guarded by spies; The question is, how far the people, let their lest the soil should pass as Herzen represents them, are in England—perhaps bur only dangers-is, virtues be as great and genuine wholly away from .the hands of the people. In Russia, the peasant responsible for what is wicked in the doings of the Government ? of the soil ; and he who is to make out a case ; and he is in the fashion he likes best^a-proprietor Heraeii neither designs nor endeavours proprietor of the soil, to an extent however small, is yet to that could not even unconsciously be a sophist. But in all ages of the What is the English have been regarded as the deeds extent a better battler for the fatherland. world the deeds of a Government peasant? A drudge, bedewing with his sweat the arid road to the of the nation. Why should a nation be willing to share all the direct interest in tlio soil, the infamous ? What a nation workhouse. Give the English peasant a fame, yet cast from it the burden of a share in the soil , and he will be the soil's best defender. This^ is tolerates it approves. When , for fivc-and-tvverity years, England we have learned fro m Herzen's shame in being ruled by Charles the the most salutary lesson which saw no disgrace, and felt no powerful pamphlet. . Second , was not the foulness of the English Court a stain on the . English community ? When , for more than half a century, France was satisfied to have Louis Fifteenth as monarch , did not the filth THE ART OF PINING.* Frenchman's household, its guilt lie at of Versailles pollute every T is Man alone who knows how to eat ; all the other animals feed. every Frenchman's door ? A vast mass of the Russian people are belongs more to the statement, the feelings and I Such i.s the maxim of a philosopher who serfs, and, according to Herzen's own icurus, than of him that pronounced roots and water suf- ideas of the serfs do not go . beyond that communal existence to school of Ep y attached. The ficient for a reasonable being, and all the rest super flinty. Without which they are so passionately and pertinaciousl these schools, let us fre ely admit that they are lively, quick, dexterous, apt, and . inclining too closely to either of serfs are not a stolid race ; the art of good living—and by that we do not mean over-luxurious able. But if their habits, prejudices, superstitions are let alone a. the welfare of mankind. It They seem to have many of the ]jvjn —is one that tends very much to they are thoroughly apathetic. needs no very profound physiologist to inform us that ill-asaortod good and evil quali ties of the Irish ; and we all know how, digestion,—then confirmed brilliant faculties, it is almost and ill-cooked food will ,in time, beget bad spite of ardent affections and bad health, and then a degenerated state of the brain, .even in the impossible to raise the Irish peasant higher than the most embryonic of the sound mind in tho sound Miehelet's accusation, that the strongest organizations. The valuo form of political and social life. body has boon recognised in all ages ; and he is guilty of tho gross JRuesians are destitute of a moral sense, that they lie and steal, con- being ridiculed as a with perfect innocence, it folly of self neglect, who permits the fear of tinually steal, continually lie, and that gourman d to prevent him from study ing those principles upon which beinjr their nature, Herzen explains away rather than refutes. judiciously applied to the, sus- meaning nor much nobleness in the saying the ffood erifta of Nature may be We find neither much tenance of the human frame. of Hegel, which Herzen quotes, that cunning is the irony of rudo suggested to us by tho was often convenient as the These very general reflections ha,ve been strength. To Hegel himself cunning perusal of Mrs. Tabitha Tickjetooth's admirable liLtlo volume, winch disguise of cowardice. If, from the Government expecting no mercy, and sensible manuals upon the sub- fro m the tribunals no justice, the Russian peasant retaliates by is indeed one of the most usefu l ject with which wo are acquainted. We do not propose to enter very cunning, it is a sign not merely that he is contented with his lot, nearly exhausted during the me- and the conception of right are naturally some- deeply into the subject, which was but that conscience morable discussions excited by the momentous question , " How to live what feeble in his soul, Herzen prophesies a sublime destiny tor letters of «. lx. M. Europe, pining in mediaeval on Three Hundred a Year P" and the famous Russia, in contrast with the' rest ot f tho hat will be much more to th o purpose, rmen ed b scepticism and despair; But from what class in tho col u mns o Times. W dotage, to t y and of far greater interest to the reader, will bo to take a peep into of the Russian people is the redemption for Russia itself—for it as upuuur most of Russia, so itir Mrs. Tickletooth's book, and notice ouch matters in Europe—for the world to spring P The civilization , and likely to be Qt greatest service wuw r«u«.. as it has a civilization, is forced, foreign, artificial. Its barbarism worthy of observation Mrs. A ioKlo- , and it In the first; place, we not unnaturally inquire, Who is may conceal some generous instincts, but it is lethargic The, frontia pioco presontfi, tho eidolon costs only a liberal application of the cudgel to converji it into a tooth P Alas 1 wo know not. of a comely, comfortable matron , in old-fashioned muslin cup, lace Government tool. Its numerbus official clams is an finny of knaves, well-favoured woman as might who can be bland or brutal as circumstances or their own advantage tippet, and apron ; juat such a sonsy, easily be believed in her assertion , that she had given the utmost may demand. There is not prpporly a middle class, and to what- of distinction. Ohis p oiwunt its clutch is on pelf, its lance on things most satisfaction to ever so many families ever extent it exists, g icture is described as being f rom a photograph by Mr. Hwboit sordid. A few enthusiastic students, a few philanthropic noblemen, p , to suppose tl uit Mi*. ¦ of the father- Watkins, and & is not imroaaohable, therefore .may long, may work for. the. divine trauafig'ureinehb ¦ >>ny¦ nmy mio JL IwlV ivHiWWlJI io (t uviiiiauv entitywmv»»(i *, "Pewo — -i-v— bp•- r with her ! land. But; how fruitless ore their words and their efforts in the Tiokletooth is a definite u wndst of a multitude which narrows whatever it has that is really Wo cannot alive, to communal order and communal organization. , w uruo, quarrel with Herzon for hoping the boat of his country and for it. Sarolnq.^J By ^^ Tabldha ^&STioWotooth. London ^il ; llQutleaso ^ ^^ ^B Let his country's glorious and mighty development bo to mm ft J.loutl
Martin was sentenced tp be hanged at the yard-arm ; Dillon to fifty FOREIGN. , years' imprisonment., and loss of all pay. there was held an extraordinary council of lashes two On Sunday, Jan. 8;, • On Monday, Jan. 9, at a meeting of the South Middlesex the Fbenck mitiisteis; M. Thouvenel left Constantinople oil the Volunteers, the movement was advocated[ by Lords i Ranelagh ' 6th Jan. to assume the office of Foreign Minister in Paris, where he . and Radst< ck. Colonel -Evelyn gave his opinion that the volunteers is expected to-morrow, Dec. 15V On Monday, Jan. 9, it was an- should be trained to act in masses • and took occasion to observe nounced that the command in Italy has been given to Marshal Mac- that all improvements in military affairs for the last twenty years mahon, in place of Marshal Vaillant, On Wednesday, Jan. 11, a hnd been originated and carried ont by civilians ; he added that we letter was received from Paris, which states, that in August last the ¦should not rest satisfied with 80,000 volunteers, while Paris alone English Government made proposals to Louis Napoleon to come to could boast 200,000 national guards. At Watford on the same day, an arrangement on Italian matters. These negotiations are about the Esirl of Clarendon said that the movement had already produced to . be resumed, it is said- The Opinion National of Thursday, the mr.st salutai-y results^ and was the most complete scheme ever Jan. 12, says the rappro chement between England and France will invented for the preservation of pence ; it had also done much good not lead to a treaty. England will remain in an attitude of by amalgamating different ranks of society. He hoped it would not " sympathetic neutrality." The Morning Chronicle of the same day be suffered to degenerate into mere ephemeral enthusiasm ; in that announces that a new commercial treaty is being negotiated between Tuesday, on the basis of mutual advantage. On case they would be the laughiiisr-sfock of history. On England and France* : Jan. 10, at Christchurch , the Earl of Malmesbury and Admiral Wednesday, Jan. 11 , M. Lessepsi arrived at Marseilles. He Walcot spoke in favour of rifle volunteers ; and in London, the Lord announces that active preparations are being made for the execution Mayor announced that the London bvigade numbers upwards of of the Suez canal. Tuesday, also, at 1100 effectives, and is hourly increasing. On From Central Italt, we learn that on Sunday, Jan. 1, Baron Paddington , Vice-Chancellor Kindersley advocated the movement, the National that of a man who carries a stick Ricasoli, at Florence, in a speech to the officers of describing the popular feeling as Guard, said, that the necessity of curtailing the Pope's temporal to keep off robbers, but has no fear of them ; it is, he added, an Italy would be le themselves ; the Govern- power was evident, and that a kingdom of Central instance of the patriotic spirit of the peop a renewal of the old system with another name. On Fr iday,Jan. 6, ment have done little to forward the measure. _ On Wednesday, "Walewski's resi gnation, I)uke of Cambridge had accepted the Pope, on receiving the news of Count Jan. 10, it was announced that the declared that he would never fail in the mission intrusted to him, the Colonelcy of the London Rifie Brigade. On Thursday, Monday, ddressing the Inns of Court Corps, but would rather suffer exile, or even martyrdom. On Jan. 12, the Lord Chancellor a Jan. 9, the Tatrie denied that the Pope was about to leave Rome. said : " This movement is not prompted by apprehension of danger published a speech of the powers, but by the opinion that the martial On Wednesday, Jan. 11, the Moniteur nor suspicion of foreign Pope to Gen. Goyoii. about the " pamphlet," which his Holiness spirit of our population has not of late years been suffi ciently en- t termed a signal monument of hypocrisy, teeming Vyith contradic- couraged ; the Volunteer Corp s of 1803¦ ought to have been kep recommends him to ' ¦ ¦ • tions. A letter from the Emperor to the Pope up till now." .. - . give up the revolted provinces, and ask the Powers to guarantee The chronicle of Criminal and other Trials tliis week is happily the remainder to him. On Thursday, Jan. 5, by the advice of the a li 0g ht one. On Tuesday, Jan. 10, there was a ease of hard-swear- King of Sardinia, Garibaldi dissol ved' the society culled Za Nazione ing at the Middlesex Sessions ; one, Charles Taylor; accused of Armata, at the same time issuing a proclamation, in which he burglary, was positively identified as the thief l)y two witnesses ; , invites every Italian to subscribe to the fund for a million of tv'hiTe an alibi was as diisfnctly sworii to by two others. The Judge muskets ; "if Italy cannot defend herself with these, he despairs remanded the prisoner till next session., A coroner's jury on the people ' ' of humanity." In Venice the theatres are all closed * Monday, Ja n. Q, found a verdict of." wilful murder'" agains t Harri et having taken to stop away as-a political demonstration. On Wed' Moore, an inmate of the Petwortli ITiiion, for poisoning her Own nesday, Jan, 11, the Due de Grammont demanded his recall from child' with; white precipitate. On Jan. 9, an inquiry was held at at Ancona and ' the Papal Court. On the same day demonstrations Wolverhampton into a case of desecration of a- Jewish- cemetery Pesaro took place, against the temporal power of the Pope ; these committed in the hope of finding treasure buried witjr the dead. were organised by the. revolutionary , committee at Bologna. On Tuesday,J an. 10, a mason named L;i,iirance was examined before the Devonport magistrates on a charge of conspiracy, with a view A telegram of Tuesday, Jan. 10, says, that the. Austrian Govern- to rob the pay-office in the dockyard , where there is sometimes ment have desired Prince Metternieh to communicate to the French £30,000 at one time. It \v>s shown that he had endeavoured to cabinet its determination to enter into no negotiations on Italian obtain impressions of the keys ; but the evidence was thought insuffi- affai rs, save on the basis of the Zurich and Vilhifranca treaties. of cient, and he was dischaived. On Wednesday, Jan. 11, th e case give all the laurels to Swinfen against the Lord Chancellor came again before the Court The despatches received by way of Madrid trial ; judgment Queen Isabella's soldiers in the war between Spain and Mokocco. of Exchequer. Application was made for a new pania rds were deferred. On Tuesday, Jan. 10, two mates of the American ship Their news is that on Tlmrsday, Jan. 5, the S , attacked in the Viille Negro by 4000 Moors, whom they repulsed " Anna " were brought before the T.sle of Wig-lit magistrates improving. charged with brutally ill-treating and finally murdering several by their artillery ; the health of the Spanish troops is Jan. an On the 7th Jan., the Spanish army defiled out of the valley without black soamen : they were remanded. On Wednesday, 11. made, the inquest was held, in London, on the body of another seaman, sai d opposition. On the $t/i Jan., a further advance was to have been starved aiid cruelly beaten on board the American ship troops carrying provisions for five days. " Wizard King," which caused his death. Inquiry adjourned. A letter on the state of Hungary, dated Pcsth, Jan, 2, says In the Police reports we find Mr. L. S. Magnus, a director of that the Szekely population of . Transylvania have refused to pay the Great Ship Company, charged before Hie Lord Mayor on Thursr the taxes ; being of • tho purest Magyar blood, these are much day, Jan. 12, with sending a challenge to Mr. H. Guedam,a, who looked up to by Other Hungarians. The Austrian Government is hail made some unpleasant remarks upon the accused and his father. maj ching large numbers of troops into the province, and a collision Mr. Magnus \vas bound over to keep the peaco. is imminent, The Casualties include the destruction by fire, on Sunday, A telegram from Marseilles, of the da te of Wednesday, Jam 11, Jan. 8, of the church of St. Andrew, in Dublin ; a large building, . quotes letters from Constantinople to tho 4th, which announce that but without architectural bounty . On Thursday, Ja n. 12, there public ag itution was increasing. It whs supposed that Fuad Pacha were three cases in different parts of London of children burnt; to would sooh be dismissed. The Emperor of Russia had forwarded . death who had been left alone by their mothers. decorations to the Pachas who were sent to Odessa to congratulate On Tuesday, Jan. 10, arrived telegrams in anticipation of the Telegrams arrived on Wednesday, Jan. 11, in anticipation of Indian moil pf Dec, 8. Jung Buhadoor is operating against the the China mail of Nov. 26. The treaty between the United State* rebels in Terai. The submarine cable has been successfully laid and China lias been put in force. Purt of the British force has between Singapore and Batavia. Quiet is restored at Sarawak . left Canton for tho north . On Thursday, Jan. 12 , a later telegram, dated Bombay, Deo. 2ft t announced that the campaign in Nepaul is over, and that oil the , On Monday, the Olh January, arrived the mails from the United rebels have surrendered except the Begum* States. The President's Message was delivered on Deo. 27. Tho President says that the outbreak at Harper's Forry, by causing The Commercial reports of this week inform us that on Jan. 11 le to reflect, will prevent future mischief of that kind. He the sugar. market in Mincing Lane hnd a " firm " appearance ; the peop , congratulates the House upon the final settlemen t by,the Supremo public sales of coffee went oft" without spirit. In tea business was Court of the United States of the question of Slavery ; the slaves, like done at full prices ; in rum the trade was limited. The Liverpool all other property, are to be protected the federal constitution , ootton market on Jan. 10, was quiet, without clango in pnees. under 1 but tho alavo-trndo is to be rigorously suppressed. TJio American From the country corn markets of Jan. 11, we hoax that the supply Government is friendly with the groat empires of Russia and Franco ; of wheat is plentiful, and that there is a slight decline in price. indeed, with all powers but Spnin. With regard to the dispute at The English funds have shown a trifling decline since the beginning: 1 San Juan, tho precautionary arrangements of General ocott nayo of the week. The French Throe per Cents, wo going" down, and there been successfully carried out, and thoro is no doubt of a peaceful has been, apparently. a disinclination to invest money ; while trade issue, Tho message recommends the employment of a military force is at a standstill. On Wednesday, Jan. 11 , a very stormy meeting" for tho of the Great Ship Company wiw hold , The directors have resigned ; in Mexico to obtain indemnity for tho, past and security demanded. After a long1 future. Later news arrived on Tuesday, Jan. 10» On tho 29th and a committee, of investigation was Deo. u great fire occurred in Beekmnn-streofc , Now York, destroy ing1 discussion it was resolved to decide this question by ballot next was , Consols were quoted at 95£ property to the value of a million of dollars. The same day week. On Thursday, Jan. X'2 telegraphed tho account of a negro insurrection at Bolivar, in Minflouii , to # f or money, and 05f for the account, Tho quotation for sama at Paris, was which had been suppressed. The burning of tho town and murder the French Three per Cent. Rentes on the da$ of tho whites is said to been plotted. 68. 50 c. , have Analyst, 5 Jan. 14, I860.] The Leader and Salttrday * BURROWS AND G O., C, hristmas Toilette Requisite Per- and New Year's Gift.—Among the many enson's Watches. " T\fholesale Wine Merchants purchasable at this T> or — - STREET ; articles cf luxury and value fection aiequaui a«" .- •" •" . " » ;.» . -j^g-,, W —LIVERPOOL. Stores—LIME possiessing the rnnmfold \M- ^ - , DUKE STREET: — The Proprietors beg Reason , none can he obtained Offices—54 the lrade, virtues of OLDRIDGK'S BALM OF COLUMBIA. most respectfully to call the attention oi -the roots and body Of the hair, imparts Noblemen, Clergy, and the Public, to thgr extensive It nourishes fra- Wines of rare vintages. B. & Co are the most delightful coolness, with an agreeable . ¦ ¦ tvlfper Post. 33 and 34> Ludg^teJiill^oj>dojl^£- Stock of Choice crunce of perfume, and, at this period. :of the year, • • ^^mBBB ^^M not disposed to comment upon the .purity of ,, their , or, if alread^y too -from falling off , %rhich is daily most laudably acknowledged by prerents thff hair - , - ailor fit you ? Wines men of all Countries, thin oi: turning grey, will prevent its further progress - - Does your T the Public and eminen t Medical oon restore it again. Those who really desire-to SMTTJJF, 38, Lombard-street, E.G.— as th« increasing Patronage of the and s , slioala TRY J ntee. *&*"**They beg**£?% to cal *l have beautiful hair, either with wave or curl SS in the land is a sufficient guara use it daily: It is also celebrated- for" strengthening particular attention 'o their pure Tonic wines, as being and producing new SSS-ffSSK^SSJ; &*«=? and persons of weak stomachs the hair, freeing it from scurf, the address, 38. Lombard-street.* __ . _____ bo valuable to Invalids wine hai.?, whiskers, and moustaches. Established upwards A sample case, containing three full-sized No imitative wash can equal it. Price bottles, will be forwarded-to any address, on receipt of of. 30 years. Shirt (ae- order for 6s. fid , or a dozen for £1 4s. 1 he Surplice Post-office and adulterated and' T ^fiSfeQB. 13, Wellingto^street, T as the most com fortable and durabl e It. is a well-known fact that impure ^ , Strand , W.C. JL knowledged WineR are the greatest foes to health, producing acidity North ra ¦in debilitating the digestive organs ; f the stomach?and powers, bprmgs. 15y r;m SAMPSON , Hosier^^ford-st., W.' while pure Wines will accelerate the digestive ^peetli without roent/ JOHN ^" ** ^?rrt invigorating, strengthening, and bracing the nervous I Her Majesty 's Koyal Letters Pate nt. Impro per is admitted to be most atte ndant the reon may be system. Tlieir Tonic Wine Ma -tication and the Evils °peHy -- , in his be- essential to invalids, both old and young, and should avoided " bv wearing Artific ial T^eth Pr con- T awrence Hyam of the weak and sickl y. 'Materials. Messrs. GAIJU1KU , employs the mostandl skilfal never be absent from the home* str ucted and of pure i_J spoke Depar tment superinten dence eare- properties are duly acknowledged and appreci ated the Old-Estab lished Dentists'T r eatipeon tlie Loss and autte r ^ unde rh ^immPdiate Its both at home and Teeth , explains thei r garment previous to its being sent by the leading men of the Faculty, best means of Restor ing the ftillv examines every measure , are Sys em of supp lying A rtific ial Mastica tors w'* 11 ^> ul " home The TROU SKRS , at 17s., made to ^ e is sealed with Rubber as a ba.^c ; no . 'as to ensure true ami elegant Tefprevent imposition; each bottl canised Gum-colou red India cilt upon such princi p es or s.Iting. of the Firm. All orders to be made payable metal whatsoeve r is used—springs and wire.- are -whether the weare r be walk ing, ndvn p. the name while a greatl y >ncreased fit . from n St-.ck of Cloths of alt ae- to Henry Burrows. . entirel y di spensed wit h , fVntlemen may select _f]6 ,-a«d amount of suction is obtaine d , together , with the Iwst . Sp Kr^aJountJngto 000 «- most material s and first- class workm anship, at less tiun variety cannot fail to meet the taste of ^the "^ The Cheapest Wine in ii/ng- s Treatis e is of 1m- - nar y ¦ AFRICAN PORT and half the ordinary cost.- " Gabriel ' fastidious. . ; . :— I LAND. — SOUTH portan ce to all requirin g the dentist' s aid , ami ema- SHE1UIY , &c, of Superior Flavour and areat Purit y, 2-ls. , it may be confident ly reUed HYAM'S JUVENILE ATTIRE . by H. B. WILLIA MS , 112, Bishops- natin g from such a source T AWRENCE ar none r perdozon Importe d 6n —Umtbd Service Gazett e.-" Thousand * rc-quir- \j hns secured for him the lar gest connexion gaf -street Within , London. — " Various houses are deterred from consulting a having novv.bee n establishe d Port and faherry ; forem ost in« artific ial teeth are Barents ar.fl Guard i an s ; and becoming fani ous for Cape ¦— dentist , (eari ng the antici pated coM.. or dread of amo rikst these stan ds the firm of H. R. Williams. ' we say, peruse ' Gabriel' s Tre a- - " ° y ai , 1853.-"Mr. W.ll.a rn s's fa lure -To all such is-s-asacs&vsfflS^K . j , e " Court Jour nal ," Jul +j ••• —Civil Service Gazette . • . ,.. - ' asMSJsss . possess a value for wholesomeness far surpassin g se (gratison applic rttiO n , 1 WiiveB M edical Circ ular , Aug. Publis hed by Messrs. Gabrik i. COUHl any tha t we have seen." - r/ . LoiKlQiu Printed by William Stoveiu, .37, JJoll ,Ynrd , Temple Bar , in tho uUwtr of the Kolls. In tho Count / of Mld dloxox 1 and miullclie I by , Charles Nuttall Tomlliia , at No. 19, Cathorluo Sireot , Wtnind , fa tho Coun ty pf Middles .—Jnmuw'y 14, 1800.