DOCSLIB.ORG

Wacky Gaddafi to Pitch Tent on Paris's Lawn

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Wacky Gaddafi to Pitch Tent on Paris's Lawn at the Hôtel Marigny WACKY GADDAFI TO PITCH TENT ON PARIS’S LAWN Somewhere in Libya, which is somewhere in Africa, which is outside of the US Port city of CYRENE founded by Greeks in 631BC • Born c. 1942 • “…came from a rural nomadic tribe” (Collins 1974:16) • Devout Muslim • Worked his way up the military ranks • “…at the forefront of student rebellions” (Tremlett 1993:97) – a visionary leader who grasped the inequities between the Arabs and the Western imperialists • September Coup, 1969 • Turning Point: Suez Crisis of 1956, anger at Anglo-American imposition on Arab affairs • May 22, 1969: Oil agreement with Iraq and Algeria made to “Confront the exploiting [Western] companies” (Tremlett 147) • King Idris seen as not serving the best interests of Libyans; a Western puppet who must be (and is) deposed • “Led by an adamantly Arab nationalist Revolutionary Command Council chaired by Colonel Muammar Qaddafi,” the revolt promises to fight Western ‘imperialist’ influence (Collins 1974:3) • To solidify his hold on power, Qaddafi uses clever techniques to destabilise the country in order to be the lone leader who rises above the internal strife – Pitts different classes of people against one another (El-Kikhia 1997:85) – Jamahiriya (State of the Masses) “ensures ‘direct popular democracy’ without the constraints of a national constitution, parliament, or political parties” • “Qaddafi retains almost total power without accountability” (Ogunbadejo 1983:155) • The African Union • seen by many Africans as a humanitarian, $$$ into sub-Saharan states. • BUT, highly controversial intervention in Chad in the late 1970s-early 1980s) • “…attempt[ed] to justify his actions on the basis of Muslim-Arab affinities between the peoples of the Sahel and Libya” (Kokole 699); historical accuracy of stated link between peoples debated (700) • Nigerian President Kountche intimated that Gaddafi did not represent true Islamic beliefs were “unable to control their quest for conquest,” and pursued a “hegemonic vision” over the Muslim Blacks (700) Gamal Abd al-Nasser of Egypt was one of Qaddafi’s idols, but plans to successfully emulate Nasser’s work fall through; despite ideas of Arab unity, Gaddafi does not consider the different histories and cultures of the various Arab states (El-Kikhia 84) • “Repeatedly, he calls upon the Arab states to unite against Israel and the West” (Tremlett 144); a common threat to the security of all Arab nations • “advocates a pan-Arab oil policy, pooling all national resources against Israel” (147); trying to expel a Western-supported enemy in the Arabs’ midst, can only be together • Libya establishes a common oil policy with Iraq and Algeria which “confront[s] the exploiting [Western] companies” (147) • Explicit adoption of Islamic culture in the Libyan flag and coat of arms – both adopted in 1977 – and national anthem (“Allahu Akbar”) – adopted on September 1, 1969 • Islam seen as link between the Arab world and the peoples of the Sahel • desire to unify the Arab-Islamic world belies the personal motives which guided him to pursue his deeds • “…sees a visionary role for himself as the Arab leader and his country as the base…to achieve the much desired unity (Obundejo 157) • Gaddafi has been “impelled to unite the Arab world…[so that he could] provide correct leadership to the Arab people” (Zartman 18) • “sought to fill any neighbouring vacuum…particularly when Gaddafi saw socioethnic affinities as well” (19) – sees himself as ‘The Great Unifier’ The Word Libya – the place to take your army Libya goes Green Libya: foreign military free since 1970 Italy and Libya kiss and make up The Security Council isn’t my friend: Gaddafi The guilty party assigns the blame Mother Russia’s cold winter was revenge enough This is your continent. This is your continent on structural adjustments Libya 1, UN 0: ME&A cheer Libya on Will an unaligned nation please stand up? Memo to US and UK: no one thinks you’re neutral Guilty before proven innocent US redefines assault as compassionate aid of a third party they’re really mad at Out, out damn imperialists! Human Rights in Gaddafi’s Words... • The Green Book, by Gaddafi, published 1975 • The Great Green Charter of Human Rights of the Jamahiriyan Era, adopted 1988 Unfair Trials • From The Great Green Charter of Human Rights of the Jamahiriyan Era: – Article 9 - “Jamahiriyan society guarantees the right to plead before a court and the independence of justice. Each of its members is entitled to a fair and honest trial.” • Gaddafi called for abolition of People’s Court; finalized January 2005 • But many imprisoned by Court remain behind bars – Human Rights Watch • From The Great Green Charter of Human Rights of the Jamahiriyan Era: – Article 2 – “Imprisonment may be used only against an individual whose freedom represents an danger or a contamination for others.” – “Jamahiriyan society proscribes any punishment that would violate the dignity and the integrity of a human being, such as forced labor or long term imprisonment.” • “Dozens and probably hundreds of individuals are in prison for engaging in peaceful political activity.” – Human Rights Watch • Persons held up to 15 years without being charged – United Nations Torture, Death Penalty, Disappearances •From The Great Green Charter of Human Rights of the Jamahiriyan Era: – Article 2 – “Jamahiriyan society prohibits any and all injuries, whether physical or moral, against the person of a prisoner.” – Article 8 - “The goal of Jamahiriyan society is to abolish capital punishment. In view of this, the death penalty should only be ruled against and individual whose very existence constitutes a danger or is deleterious to society.” • Numerous deaths in custody not investigated –AI • Torture used to extract confessions and as punishment • claim to be revising death penalty – executions continue • 1999 – 5 Bulgarian nurses and Palestinian intern arrested for infecting over 400 children with HIV in Benghazi hospital • 2004 – found guilty; sentenced to death by • 2007 – released from Libyan firing squad custody, return to Bulgaria; bargain struck between Libya • 2007 – settlement and EU reached with victims’ • retracted confessions, made families; sentences under torture reduced to life in prison • guards charged with torture, acquitted Freedom of Press & Association •From The Great Green Charter of Human Rights of the Jamahiriyan Era: – Article 18 - “The members of Jamahiriyan society protect freedom.” •From The Green Book: – “The press is a means of expression for society: it is not a means of expression for private individuals or corporate bodies. Therefore, logically and democratically, it should not belong to either one of them.” • Countless arrests made due to criticism of gov’t and peaceful protests • 2003 Penal Code draft included “provisions that prescribe the death penalty for activities solely amounting to the peaceful exercise of freedom of expression and association.” – Amnesty International • From The Great Green Charter of Human Rights of the Jamahiriyan Era: – Article 21 - “The members of Jamahiriyan society, whether men or women, are equal in every human respect. The distinction of rights between men and women is a flagrant injustice that nothing whatsoever can justify.” • From The Green Book: – “There is no difference in human rights between man and woman, the child and the adult, but there is no absolute identity between them as regards their duties.” • Unprosecuted violence against women, status of women before marriage, female circumcision, “social rehabilitation” • “Religion contains tradition, and tradition is an expression of the natural life of the people. Therefore, religion is an affirmation of natural laws which are discerned therein. Laws which are not premised on religion and tradition are merely an invention by man to • “There is no other solution but to be harmonious with the natural be used against his fellow rule, i.e., each nation has a single man. Consequently, such laws religion. When the social factor is are invalid because they do compatible with the religious not emanate from the natural factor, harmony prevails and the source of tradition and life of communities becomes religion.” stable, strong, and develops soundly.” The Green Book • April 15, 1986: Reagan ordered bombing against Libya, in Tripoli and Benghazi, killing 45 Libyan military and government personnel as well as 15 civilians, as well as Qadaffi’s daughter Hannah • Libya returned fire, but the missiles missed. • claims to rule by direct, popular democracy and “Islamic Socialism’ • has made attempts to improve his image in the West, but often to no avail. • seen as an experienced and wise statesman, and even a humanitarian • Libya opened up their weapons program to the world, but it was ignored • Libya’s second attempt was after September 11th, when they pledged to fight Al-Qaeda • Gaddafi was one of the first Muslim leaders to do this • Supporters of the Iraq War claimed that his pledge was simply out of fear • “I oppose localized incidents such as aircraft hijacking and hostage taking. But they are nothing compared with the terrorism America is practicing. We believe America is practicing all kinds of terrorism against Libya. Even the accusation that we are involved in terrorism is in itself an act of terrorism” .” – “An Interview with Gaddafi”, TIME, June 8, 1981. •"Irrespective of the conflict with America, it is a human duty to show sympathy with the American people and be with them at these horrifying and awful events which are bound to awaken human conscience." -September 11, 2001, “CBSNews.com: Global Outrage at Terror Attacks • "I have nothing but scorn for the notion of an Islamic bomb. There is no such thing as an Islamic bomb or a Christian bomb. Any such weapon is a means of terrorizing humanity, and we are against the manufacture and acquisition of nuclear weapons. This is in line with our definition of—and opposition to—terrorism.” – “An Interview with Gaddafi”, TIME, June 8, 1981" “By the way, have you read the novel The Fifth Horseman, in which you figure as an apocalyptic nuclear terrorist? • “Yes, but I mock such ridiculous fiction”.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Jihadism in Africa Local Causes, Regional Expansion, International Alliances
    SWP Research Paper Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik German Institute for International and Security Affairs Guido Steinberg and Annette Weber (Eds.) Jihadism in Africa Local Causes, Regional Expansion, International Alliances RP 5 June 2015 Berlin All rights reserved. © Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, 2015 SWP Research Papers are peer reviewed by senior researchers and the execu- tive board of the Institute. They express exclusively the personal views of the authors. SWP Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik German Institute for International and Security Affairs Ludwigkirchplatz 3­4 10719 Berlin Germany Phone +49 30 880 07-0 Fax +49 30 880 07-100 www.swp-berlin.org [email protected] ISSN 1863-1053 Translation by Meredith Dale (Updated English version of SWP-Studie 7/2015) Table of Contents 5 Problems and Recommendations 7 Jihadism in Africa: An Introduction Guido Steinberg and Annette Weber 13 Al-Shabaab: Youth without God Annette Weber 31 Libya: A Jihadist Growth Market Wolfram Lacher 51 Going “Glocal”: Jihadism in Algeria and Tunisia Isabelle Werenfels 69 Spreading Local Roots: AQIM and Its Offshoots in the Sahara Wolfram Lacher and Guido Steinberg 85 Boko Haram: Threat to Nigeria and Its Northern Neighbours Moritz Hütte, Guido Steinberg and Annette Weber 99 Conclusions and Recommendations Guido Steinberg and Annette Weber 103 Appendix 103 Abbreviations 104 The Authors Problems and Recommendations Jihadism in Africa: Local Causes, Regional Expansion, International Alliances The transnational terrorism of the twenty-first century feeds on local and regional conflicts, without which most terrorist groups would never have appeared in the first place. That is the case in Afghanistan and Pakistan, Syria and Iraq, as well as in North and West Africa and the Horn of Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Eugénio Luís Da Costa Almeida Fundamentalismo E
    UNIVERSIDADE TÉCNICA DE LISBOA INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE CIÊNCIAS SOCIAIS E POLÍTICAS MESTRADO EM RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS (Vertente “ Sistema Internacional) EUGÉNIO LUÍS DA COSTA ALMEIDA FUNDAMENTALISMO E TOLERÂNCIA POLÍTICO - RELIGIOSA EM ÁFRICA (Repercussões n as Relações Externas do Continente Africano) Dissertação elaborada sob orientação pedagógica do Professor Doutor António Costa de Albuquerque de Sousa Lara Lisboa, Outubro 2000 NOME: Eugénio Luís da Costa Almeida CURSO DE MESTRADO: Relaçõ es Internacionais – variante Sistema Internacional ORIENTADOR: Professor Doutor António Costa de Albuquerque de Sousa Lara DATA: 16 de Outubro de 2000 TÍTULO: FUNDAMENTALISMO E TOLERÂNCIA POLÍTICO - RELIGIOSA (REPERCUSSÕES NAS RELAÇÕES EXTERNAS DO CONTINENT E AFRICANO) RESUMO: A dissertação, que ora se resume, aborda as políticas sociais, militares e religiosas e as suas influências nos conflitos e nas políticas externas do Continente africano. O trabalho foi dividido em quatro partes: Introdução antropol ógica, histórica e politológica , onde se examina a evolução dos africanos desde as suas raízes antropológicas à II Guerra Mundial; A emergência da politologia em África , que analisa a génese da politologia africana, desde o nascimento da Libéria e do Garve yismo à Descolonização africana; Os fundamentalismos e as diferentes tolerâncias , a parte nuclear do trabalho, que aborda três grandes ramos ecuménicos (cristianismo, islamismo e judaísmo) desde o estudo da sua implantação em África até à sua grande influê ncia nas políticas externas africanas,
    [Show full text]
  • ISIS in Libya: a Major Regional and International Threat
    המרכז למורשת המודיעין (מל"מ) מרכז המידע למודיעין ולטרור January 2016 ISIS in Libya: a Major Regional and International Threat ISIS operatives enter the coastal city of Sirte in north-central Libya on February 18, 2015, in a show of strength accompanied by dozens of vehicles (Twitter.com, Nasher.me). Since then ISIS has established itself in Sirte and the surrounding areas, turning the entire region into its Libyan stronghold and a springboard for spreading into other regions. Overview 1. In 2015 ISIS established two strongholds beyond the borders of its power base in Iraq and Syria: the first in the Sinai Peninsula, where it wages determined fighting against the Egyptian security forces. The second is situated in the north- central Libyan city of Sirte and its surroundings, where it has established territorial control and from where it seeks to take over the entire country. It intends to turn Libya into a springboard for terrorism and the subversion of the rest of North Africa, the sub-Saharan countries, and southern Europe. The firm territorial base ISIS constructed in Libya is the only one outside IraQ and Syria, and is potentially a greater regional and international threat. 2. ISIS could establish itself in Libya because of the chaos prevalent after the execution of Muammar Qaddafi. As in Iraq and Syria, the governmental-security vacuum created by the collapse of the central government was filled by nationalist and Islamist organizations, local and regional tribal militias and jihadist organizations. The branch of ISIS in Libya exploited the lack of a functioning government and 209-15 2 the absence of international intervention to establish itself in the region around Sirte and from there to aspire to spread throughout Libya.
    [Show full text]
  • The Arabs of Libya
    The Arabs of Libya SOURCE: "Libya." CultureGrams Online Edition. ProQuest, 2014. Web. 24 Feb 2014. History Early Rulers Libya's first inhabitants were tribes called Imazighen, meaning “free men.” Outsiders later came to call them Berbers, a term many people still use. During the seventh century BC, Phoenicians set up trading colonies in Libya. Three hundred years later, Greeks colonized the eastern coast. Then, in 146 BC, Romans defeated the Phoenicians and took control of Libya. The area was subsequently invaded and ruled by Germanic Vandal tribes (beginning in AD 429), the Byzantine Empire (AD 533), and Arabs (AD 640). Libya gradually became Arabized as thousands of Arabs settled there and absorbed or displaced the Imazighen. Muslim dynasties ruled until the 1500s, when the control of Libya passed between Spain, Malta, Barbary sea pirates, and finally the Ottoman Empire, which ruled from the mid-1500s to the early 1900s. The People Population The most populous cities are Tripoli and Benghazi. About 97 percent of Libyans are of Arab ancestry; full- blooded Imazighen make up only a small minority. The Imazighen are tall and light-skinned, and they have their own language and customs. Though most have fully integrated into Libyan society, some small groups live in remote villages in the west. Tuaregs are another small group. These nomadic herders, who also have their own language, wear dark blue robes and migrate throughout North Africa. Because they are nomadic, some people consider them more African than Libyan. A large but unknown number of foreign workers have come to Libya from Egypt and Tunisia, sub-Saharan Africa, and the Middle East.
    [Show full text]
  • Online Territories of Terror – How Jihadist Movements Project Influence on the Internet and Why It Matters Off- Line“
    DISSERTATION Titel der Dissertation “Online Territories of Terror – How Jihadist Movements Project Influence on the Internet and Why it Matters Off- line“ Verfasser Mag. phil. Nico Prucha angestrebter akademischer Grad Doktor der Philosophie (Dr. phil.) Wien, 2015 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 092 385 Dissertationsgebiet lt. Studienblatt: Arabistik Betreuer: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Rüdiger Lohlker Table of Contents INTRODUCING THE ONLINE TERRITORIES OF TERROR 6 JIHADIST INNOVATION AND LEARNING BY ADAPTING TO THE ‘NEW’ AND ‘SOCIAL MEDIA’ ZEITGEIST 19 THE VALUE OF THE INTERNET FOR STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION 31 SOCIAL MEDIA AND ICONOGRAPHY – THE VISUAL LITERACY OF IDEOLOGY WITHIN THE REACH OF A MOUSE CLICK 39 THE EVERYDAY JIHAD ON THE INTERNET 47 CELEBRITIES OF THE AFTERLIFE: DEATH CULT, STARS, AND FANDOM OF JIHADIST PROPAGANDA ON THE INTERNET 57 ON JIHADI MEDIA ACTIVISTS AND NEW MARTYR ROLE MODELS 59 VARIOUS MARTYR TYPES AS ROLE MODELS 61 THE NEW MARTYRS OF THE INTERNET – THE DEATH OF AQ’S SECOND-IN- COMMAND, ABU YAHYA AL-LIBI, EULOGIZED BY AYMAN AL-ZAWAHIRI 63 ELEMENTS OF THE MARTYR STORIES – WONDROUS TALES (KARAMAT) BY ‘ABDALLAH ‘AZZAM 69 INTERSECTIONS – THE THEOLOGICAL MAKING OF THE “MEDIA SHAHID” 80 ONLINE MARTYRS AND FANDOM DEATH CULT 83 THE MARTYRDOM OF THE MEDIA MUJAHID MU’AWIYYA ‘ABD AL-QAHHAR BELHAJJ 85 THE FOUNDERS, PIONEERS AND ACTORS OF THE EARLY ELECTRONIC MEDIA FRONTIER – ABU A’ID AL-FILASTINI 87 ABU ‘UMAR – THE NEW ROLE MODEL OF THE “MEDIA MARTYR” 99 THE MARTYRDOM OF THE MUNSHID OF THE AL-SHUMUKH FORUM 105 ABU QASURA AL-LIBI – FIGHTING AGAINST AL-QADHDHAFI TO DIE IN AL-ASSAD’S SYRIA.
    [Show full text]
  • Islamic Pathways
    Islamic Pathways Islamic youth associations and Muslim identity formation in Bamako, Mali Marieke Kruis Master Thesis African Studies African Studies Centre, Leiden University Supervisors: Dr. Benjamin Soares, Dr. Mayke Kaag May 2010 2 Contents Acknowledgement 5 1. Introduction: The construction of new Muslim identities 6 Islamic youth associations in Bamako, Mali 1.1 Muslim identity formation and the role of associations 9 1.2 The study of Islam: the danger of dichotomies 11 1.3 In the field: research setting and methodology 14 1.3.1 The field 14 1.3.2 Informants 15 1.3.3 Methodology 16 1.4 Outline of the thesis 17 2. Navigating youth: challenges and chances in Bamako 20 The stories of two young Islamic activists 2.1 The story of Mandjou 22 2.2 The story of Hawa 28 2.3 Navigating through different fields 32 2.4 Concluding remarks 36 3. The Islamic landscape of Bamako 38 Islamic youth associations in a broader perspective 3.1 The Islamic landscape of Mali in a historical perspective 39 3.2 Liberalization and modernization: 45 the fragmented nature of the Islamic community 3.3 The pursuit of unity: the creation of the Haut Conseil Islamique 46 3.4 The quest for unification of Malian Muslim youth: 49 the creation of UJMMA 3.5 Divergences and common ground amongst Islamic youth associations 51 3.6 A world of abbreviations: 57 The Islamic community as an interwoven social field 3.7 Concluding remarks 59 4. “Nous sommes pauvres” 61 Islam as an answer and a direction 4.1 The hardships of life in Mali and the answers of Islam: 62 Exploring the issue of poverty with Bintou 4.2 The activities of Islamic youth associations on a day to day basis 70 4.2.1Religious activities 74 4.2.2Educational activities 76 4.2.3Social/humanitarian activities 80 4.2.4 Leisure activities 81 4.3 A quest for knowledge and morality: 82 progress through education and purification 4.4 Problems in the Malian education system 87 and the response of Islamic youth associations 4.5 Linking personal piety to the development of society 90 4.6 Concluding remarks 93 3 5.
    [Show full text]
  • 9 Sayı : 26 Sayfa: 250 - 265 Mart 2021 Türkiye Araştırma Makalesi
    AVRASYA Uluslararası Araştırmalar Dergisi Cilt : 9 Sayı : 26 Sayfa: 250 - 265 Mart 2021 Türkiye Araştırma Makalesi PARALLELS BETWEEN THE FOREIGN POLICY TENDENCIES OF ARAB STATES AND THE CONTENTS OF THEIR NATIONAL ANTHEMS Dr. Burak KÜRKÇÜ. ABSTRACT This paper investigates the parallels between the foreign policy aspirations of Arab states and their national anthems by making the content analysis of their lyrics. The lyrics of national anthems, as poetic declarations of the national feelings and the raison d’état of independent states, present important clues about the national interest conceptualization and foreign policy orientation. After the content analysis of the national anthems of Egypt, Iraq, Libya, Saudi Arabia, Morocco and Jordan, this paper finds out that the lyrics of the anthems of Arab republics include more patriotic words and stronger tone than those of the monarchies; and their tones get stronger in times of conflict and war. Unlike republics, Arab monarchies seem to prefer shorter lyrics and use their anthems even without lyrics for a long time. Republics attach specific importance to the anthems in terms of promoting the national values and expressing the feelings of their people about independence, and their anthems are mostly selected by organizing national competitions. For Arab republics it would appear that the changes in their anthems accompany the changes in their foreign policy. Whenever Arab republics involve in more conflictual foreign policy, their anthems accompany with stronger lyrics while their tones get softer in the times of peace. Keywords: Anthem, Foreign Policy, Arab States, Monarchy, Republic. ARAP DEVLETLERİNİN MİLLİ MARŞLARININ İÇERİKLERİYLE DIŞ POLİTİKA EĞİLİMLERİNDEKİ PARALELLİKLER ÖZ Bu çalışma, Arap devletlerinin milli marşlarındaki sözlere yönelik bir içerik analizi yaparak bu devletlerin dış politika istekleri ile marş sözleri arasındaki paralellikleri araştırmaktadır.
    [Show full text]
  • Version L’Ayant Rendu Fermé À Toute Discussion « Rationnelle » Sur Certains Sujets
    Voyage au cœur de l’islam Comprendre l’islam. Islam religion de paix ? Ou islam religion intolérante ? Par Benjamin LISAN, le 12/08/2020 A mon ami, Hassan. « Si vérité et amitié nous sont également chères, c’est un devoir sacré d’accorder la préférence à la vérité », Aristote, Éthique à Nicomaque, I, 4, 1096 à 13. « Mieux vaut une amère vérité qu'un doux mensonge1 », Anonyme. « Mal nommer les choses c'est ajouter au malheur du monde », Citation apocryphe d’Albert Camus2. 1 Introduction / Mes motivations Ma mère ainsi que les membres de ma famille maternelle ont toujours été caractérisés par une honnêteté scrupuleuse, un certain sens de la générosité et de la justice, en relation, très probablement, avec leur foi chrétienne (en tout cas pour ma mère et ses parents), une foi surtout caractérisée par un profond sens du devoir (plus que par compassion). Au contraire, du côté de la lignée paternelle, j’ai été confronté à des personnes tyranniques, manipulatrices, pour certaines mégalomanes, égoïstes, égocentriques, paranoïaques et à la limite de la psychopathie, n’ayant jamais eu la préoccupation de la justice. J’ai eu à choisir entre deux modèles de comportement et de philosophie totalement contradictoires. J’ai finalement toujours choisi la voie de l’honnêteté et de la justice et le rejet de toute tyrannie. Et j’ai toujours analyser les choses politiques, religieuses, en fonction de ces deux impératifs moraux et de ce rejet, y compris ultérieurement pour l’islam. Dans ce texte, je vais d’abord aborder les faits, influences et événements, qui ont formé ma philosophie morale : 1) Mon expérience des bandes, 2) La lecture, 3) Le fanatisme communiste.
    [Show full text]
  • CTC Sentinel 8 (9): the Al-Qa'ida Threat 14 Years Later
    Combating Terrorism Center at West Point Objective • Relevant • Rigorous | September 2015 • Volume 8, Issue 9 SPECIAL ISSUE: THE AL-QA`IDA THREAT 14 YEARS LATER FEATURE COMMENTARY A VIEW FROM THE CT FOXHOLE Fourteen Years Nick and Counting Rasmussen Director, NCTC Despite a reduction of the threat from the original al-Qa`ida, concerns are growing about afliates Michael Morell FEATURE COMMENTARY 1 Fourteen Years and Counting: The Evolving Terrorist Threat Editor in Chief michael morell Paul Cruickshank Managing Editor John Watling INTERVIEW 5 A View from the CT Foxhole: An Interview with Nick EDITORIAL BOARD Rasmussen, Director, NCTC Colonel Cindy R. Jebb, Ph.D. paul Cruickshank Department Head Dept. of Social Sciences (West Point) Colonel Suzanne Nielsen, Ph.D. ANALYSIS Deputy Department Head Dept. of Social Sciences (West Point) 9 Assessing Al-Qa`ida Central’s Resilience barbara sude Lieutenant Colonel Bryan Price, Ph.D. Director, CTC 13 Al-Qa`ida Plays a Long Game in Syria Brian Dodwell charles lister Deputy Director, CTC 19 AQAP: A Resurgent Threat CONTACT katherine zimmerman Combating Terrorism Center U.S. Military Academy PROFILE 607 Cullum Road, Lincoln Hall West Point, NY 10996 Phone: (845) 938-8495 24 From Khorasan to the Levant: Email: [email protected] A Profile of Sanafi al-Nasr Web: www.ctc.usma.edu/sentinel/ kévin jackson SUPPORT The Combating Terrorism Center would like to express its gratitude This special issue of the CTC Sentinel focuses on the evolution of the al- to its financial supporters, for without their support and shared vision Qa`ida threat 14 years after 9/11.
    [Show full text]
  • A Persistent Threat: the Evolution of Al Qa'ida and Other Salafi Jihadists
    CHILDREN AND FAMILIES The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that EDUCATION AND THE ARTS helps improve policy and decisionmaking through ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT research and analysis. HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE This electronic document was made available from INFRASTRUCTURE AND www.rand.org as a public service of the RAND TRANSPORTATION Corporation. INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS LAW AND BUSINESS NATIONAL SECURITY Skip all front matter: Jump to Page 16 POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Support RAND Purchase this document TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY Browse Reports & Bookstore Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore the RAND National Defense Research Institute View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND electronic documents to a non-RAND website is prohibited. RAND electronic documents are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. This report is part of the RAND Corporation research report series. RAND reports present research findings and objective analysis that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND reports undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for re- search quality and objectivity. A Persistent Threat The Evolution of al Qa’ida and Other Salafi Jihadists Seth G.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Booklet
    8.201002 1 8.201002 COMPLETE NATIONAL ANTHEMS OF THE WORLD: 2019 EDITION fi WALLONIA: ‘Le Chant des Wallons’ · ZAMBIA: ‘Lumbanyeni Zambia’ / [The Song of the Walloons] ‘Stand and Sing of Zambia, Proud and Free’ ORCHESTRATED BY PETER BREINER Words by: Théophile Bovy (Walloon), Words by: written collectively SLOVAK RADIO SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA • SLOVAK STATE PHILHARMONIC, KOŠICE* Emile Sullon (French) Music by: Enoch Mankayi Sontonga RAZUMOVSKY SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA** • PETER BREINER, CONDUCTOR Music by: Louis Hillier Like Tanzania, Zambia also uses the music of When I started arranging and recording national anthems some 18 years ago, nobody expected the project would become so big and Written in the Walloon language (related to the African hymn ‘God Bless Africa’, but different popular. In the meantime, it has been an important part of two Summer Olympics and numerous other sporting, cultural and social French) in 1900, the French lyrics were adopted lyrics, unique to Zambia, were written. in 1998, as French is more commonly spoken. events. It’s hard to imagine the amount of time and work that has been invested into this endeavour, and it could not have been done ‚ without the incredible efforts and expertise of several anthem experts, all the musicians, but mainly without the extraordinary recording ZANZIBAR (FORMER ANTHEM): fl–‡ YEMEN: ‘al-ǧumhūrīyâẗu l-muttaḥidâ’ team that has been involved in this project from its beginning – sound engineers Otto Nopp and Ladislav Kraj ovi . ‘National March for the Sultan of Zanzibar’ [United Republic] Music by: Donald Francis Tovey This is an extraordinary project and any other existing anthem collection does not come close, in completeness, quality of Words by: Abdullah Abdulwahab In use: 1911–1964 the research or the size of the orchestral forces used.
    [Show full text]
  • The Origins and Evolution of ISIS in Libya
    Atlantic Council RAFIK HARIRI CENTER FOR THE MIDDLE EAST The Origins and Evolution of ISIS in Libya Jason Pack, Rhiannon Smith, and Karim Mezran The Origins and Evolution of ISIS in Libya ISBN: 978-1-61977-416-2 Cover art: Lydia Jabs Cartography: Michael Athanson This publication was made possible with generous support by Eye on ISIS (eyeonisisinlibya.com). This report is written and published in accordance with the Atlantic Council Policy on Intellectual Independence. The authors are solely responsible for its analysis and recommendations. The Atlantic Council and its donors do not determine, nor do they necessarily endorse or advocate for, any of this report’s conclusions. June 2017 The Origins and Evolution of ISIS in Libya Abstract Given the rich history of jihadist activities in Libya over the past six years, retracing and investigating the origins and trajectory of the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS) and other extremist actors presents actionable insights into how nodes of jihadist actors coalesce; how they interfere in post-conflict state building; the threats they pose to civilians, nascent economies, and external actors; and finally, what complexities remain when the territoriality of jihadist statelets has been eradicated, but their adherents have not been killed nor their ideology debunked. Therefore, although this report is a case study of ISIS’s growth, expansion, consolidation, and then dispersal in Libya, it holds broader lessons for how Western governments and militaries should approach jihadist actors globally. Significantly, the report sheds light on Libya’s constantly evolving position in global jihadist networks connecting Afghanistan, Iraq, Europe, and North Africa over the past few decades.
    [Show full text]