8.201002 1 8.201002 COMPLETE NATIONAL ANTHEMS OF THE WORLD: 2019 EDITION fi WALLONIA: ‘Le Chant des Wallons’ · ZAMBIA: ‘Lumbanyeni Zambia’ / [The Song of the Walloons] ‘Stand and Sing of Zambia, Proud and Free’ ORCHESTRATED BY PETER BREINER Words by: Théophile Bovy (Walloon), Words by: written collectively SLOVAK RADIO SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA • SLOVAK STATE PHILHARMONIC, KOŠICE* Emile Sullon (French) Music by: Enoch Mankayi Sontonga RAZUMOVSKY SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA** • PETER BREINER, CONDUCTOR Music by: Louis Hillier Like Tanzania, Zambia also uses the music of When I started arranging and recording national anthems some 18 years ago, nobody expected the project would become so big and Written in the Walloon language (related to the African hymn ‘God Bless Africa’, but different popular. In the meantime, it has been an important part of two Summer Olympics and numerous other sporting, cultural and social French) in 1900, the French lyrics were adopted lyrics, unique to Zambia, were written. in 1998, as French is more commonly spoken. events. It’s hard to imagine the amount of time and work that has been invested into this endeavour, and it could not have been done ‚ without the incredible efforts and expertise of several anthem experts, all the musicians, but mainly without the extraordinary recording ZANZIBAR (FORMER ANTHEM): fl–‡ YEMEN: ‘al-ǧumhūrīyâẗu l-muttaḥidâ’ team that has been involved in this project from its beginning – sound engineers Otto Nopp and Ladislav Kraj ovi . ‘National March for the Sultan of Zanzibar’ [United Republic] Music by: Donald Francis Tovey This is an extraordinary project and any other existing anthem collection does not come close, in completeness, quality of Words by: Abdullah Abdulwahab In use: 1911–1964 the research or the size of the orchestral forces used. Every time this album is updated and released, the reactions are always Noa’man Used as a salute to the Sultan while still a British overwhelming – from uncountable press articles and radio/TV shows all the way to special archbishops’ blessings. I hope this latest Music by: Ayyoab Tarish Absi protectorate, the music of this wordless anthem version, with its unprecedented number of anthems, will be no less appreciated. When North and South Yemen merged in 1990, was a popular tune on the island. Peter Breiner South Yemen’s anthem was adopted and given its present title. a b National anthems tell the story of the country, its hopes, its dreams, its goals, its struggles and its history. To learn a country’s national – ZIMBABWE: anthem is to get a deeper knowledge of the country, and knowledge of other nations is the first step towards cooperation and ‘Kalibusiswe Ilizwe leZimbabwe’ / ° (FORMER) YUGOSLAVIA: understanding between peoples. ‘Sinudzai Mureza WeZimbabwe’ / ‘Hej Slaveni’ [Hey, Slavs] ‘Blessed Be The Land of Zimbabwe’ National anthems, as we know them today, started in Europe as praises to the ruler. In time, with European exploration and Words by: Samuel Tomášik colonialism, this concept spread around the world to the point that every nation on earth now has a national anthem, despite there being Words by: Solomon Mutswairo Music by: Samuel Tomášik, Music by: Fred Lecture Changundega absolutely no requirement to create one. National anthems are used to greet foreign dignitaries, to celebrate victory and achievements, based on a traditional song Replacing ‘God Bless Africa’ in 1994 with a In use: 1945–2003 (as Yugoslavia, and to rally citizens. In times of foreign occupation, national anthems have been used as a source of comfort and hope that their land distinctly Zimbabwean work, the lyrics are by a 2003–2006 as ‘Serbia and Montenegro’) will once again be free. leading poet and academic in Zimbabwe. I first started studying national anthems in the early 1990s. The sources available for the study of national anthems (a study I have Inspired by (and nearly identical to) the Polish anthem, the tune, a popular Slavic song, was a termed ‘anthematology’) were sparse at the time; writing to embassies and connecting with other anthematologists led me to delve natural choice for a union of Slavic states. deeper into this field, until I eventually created what is now www.nationalanthems.info to share what I have learned with the world. I would like to thank other anthematologists like Erwin Hoheisel and Zach Harden, as well as every single person who has contributed information for national anthems information to aid in the learning of other cultures. As well, I would like to thank Peter Breiner for his passion for the music of the nations, and Jules Hammond and Klaus Heymann at Naxos Music Group for their supervision of this project. I encourage the listeners of this disc set to visit www.nationalanthems.info to learn more about these short, but informational, windows into the countries of the world. David Kendall *The Slovak State Philharmonic, Košice plays on the following tracks: Disc 1: Tracks 1, 3, 4, 8, 12, 43. Disc 2: Tracks 4, 5, 6, 8, 11, 17, 22, 44. Disc 3: Tracks 19, 20, 23, 42, 43. Disc 4: Tracks 4, 11. Disc 5: Tracks 1, 2, 21, 23, 25, 33, 35, 36, 37, 45, 49, 50. Disc 6: Tracks 19, 21, 35, 36, 40, 45. Disc 7: Tracks 4, 10, 21, 31, 42. Disc 8: Tracks 4, 7, 14, 15, 22, 27, 42. Disc 9: Tracks 1, 6, 8, 17, 18, 19, 25, 40, 44, 48, 49. Disc 10: Tracks 4, 36. **The Razumovsky Symphony Orchestra plays on the following tracks: Disc 6: Tracks 23, 24, 38. Disc 8: Track 45. Disc 9: Tracks 12, 13. Note: The Olympic versions included in this set are versions shortened and approved by the IOC. 8.201002 2 39 8.201002 (–) UNITED STATES OF AMERICA • VATICAN CITY: ‘Inno e Marcia Pontifi cale’ VOLUME 1 8 AFRICAN UNION: (Presidential): ‘Hail to the Chief’ [Hymn and Pontifi cal March] ‘Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together’ Words by: Albert Gamse Words by: Raffaello Lavagna 1 ABKHAZIA: ‘Aiaaira’ [Victory] Words by: unknown Music by: James Sanderson Music by: Charles-François Gounod Words by: Gennady Alamia Music by: Arthur Mudogo Kemoli Sir Walter Scott’s poem ‘The Lady of the Lake’ Written as a papal anthem by Charles Gounod, Music by: Valera Çkaduwa The anthem of the OAU (predecessor of the AU) was set to music in 1810, part of this music was the Vatican states it is to be seen as a hymn The anthem of this separatist region of Georgia was selected as part of a contest in 1986, and fi rst associated with US presidents in 1815. for all Catholics, rather than a national anthem. was written by the leader of one of the national was retained as the AU’s anthem in 2003. parties, who is also a poet. ¡–™ URUGUAY: ‘Himno Nacional’ ª–º VENEZUELA: ‘Gloria al bravo pueblo’ 9 ÅLAND ISLANDS: ‘Ålänningens sång’ [National Anthem of Uruguay] [Glory to the Brave Nation] 2 ACADIA: ‘Ave Maris Stella’ [Song of the Ålanders] Words by: Francisco Esteban Words by: Vicente Salias [Star of the Sea, We Hail Thee] Words by: John Grandell Acuña de Figueroa Music by: Juan José Landaeta Music by: Johan Fridolf Hagfors Words by: unknown Music by: Francisco José Debali The anthem has been known since 1840 as the Music by: unknown The Åland islands are an autonomous part of The composer, a Hungarian who moved to Venezuelan Marseilles, due to the similarity in A Catholic hymn from at least the 8th century, it Finland, yet they are Swedish speaking, and the Uruguay, was formerly a military bandmaster theme to the French national anthem. was approved as the anthem of predominately anthem’s lyrics are in Swedish. in Italy. With 105 bars, it’s the world’s longest Catholic Acadia in 1884. anthem. ⁄–¤ VIETNAM: ‘Tiến quân ca’ 0 ALBANIA: ‘Hymni i Flamurit’ [The Song of the Marching Troops] 3–4 AFGHANISTAN: ‘Milli Surood’ [Hymn to the Flag] £–∞ UZBEKISTAN: ‘O’zbekiston Words by: Nguyen Văn Cao [National Anthem] Words by: Aleksander Stavre Drenova Music by: Nguyen Văn Cao Music by: Ciprian Porumbescu Respublikasining Davlat Madhiyasi’ Words by: Abdul Bari Jahani [National Anthem of the Republic of The anthem was written in 1944, during Music by: Babrak Wasa In use since 1912, the music of this anthem Uzbekistan] Vietnam’s independence struggle against the The Afghanistan anthem, adopted with the new was written by a Romanian who also wrote the Words by: Abdulla Aripov French, and used in all of Vietnam in 1976. constitution in 2004, mentions several of the anthem used in Romania from 1977–1990. Music by: Mutal Burhanov different nationalities in the country. Uzbekistan retained the anthem it used as a ‹ WALES: ‘Hen wlad fy nhadau’ !–# ALGERIA: ‘Kassaman’ [We Pledge] Words by: Mufdi Zakariah republic of the USSR after independence, only [Land of my Fathers] 5–6 AFGHANISTAN (FORMER ANTHEM): writing new lyrics. Words by: Evan James Music by: Mohamed Fawzi Music by: James James ‘Soroud-e-Melli’ [National Anthem] The lyrics, written while the author was in jail Words by: unknown § ¶ Written by a father and son in 1856, it became fi ghting for independence against the French, – VANUATU: ‘Yumi, Yumi, Yumi’ Music by: Ustad Qasim [We, We, We] the fi rst national anthem to be sung before a In use: 1992–2006 (1999–2002 in exile) were put to music by an Egyptian. Words by: François Vincent Ayssav sporting event in 1905. A Mujahedin battle song composed in 1919 was $ % Music by: François Vincent Ayssav used as the new anthem and by the government – AMERICAN SAMOA: ‘Amerika Samoa’ › Praising the need to work together, the national WALLIS AND FUTUNA: in exile during the rule of the Taliban. Words by: Mariota Tiumalu anthem was made offi cial when independence ‘La Marseillaise’ [The Song of Marseille] Tuiasosopo Music by: Napoleon Andrew Tuiteleleapaga was attained in 1980. Words by: Claude-Joseph Rouget de 7 AFGHANISTAN (FORMER ANTHEM): Lisle ‘Amerika Samoa’, written in the Samoan Music by: Claude-Joseph Rouget de Lisle ‘Soroud-e-Melli’ [National Anthem] language, functions as a local anthem for this Words by: Suleiman Laeq Like most other French territories, only the American island territory in the South Pacifi c. Music by: Jalīl Ghahlānd French national anthem is used, no local In use: 1978–1992 anthem exists. This was Afghanistan’s anthem during the time of Communist rule of the country.

8.201002 38 3 8.201002 ^–* AMERICAN VIRGIN ISLANDS: ¢–– ARGENTINA: ‘Himno Nacional Argentino’ 5–6 TURKMENISTAN (FORMER ANTHEM): 0–! UGANDA: ‘Oh Uganda, Land of Beauty!’ ‘Virgin Islands March’ [Argentine National Anthem] ‘Garaşsyz, Bitarap Türkmenistanyň’ Words by: George Wilberforce Kakomoa Words by: public contribution Words by: Vicente López y Planes [Independent, Neutral Turkmenistan Music by: George Wilberforce Kakomoa Music by: Alton Augustus Adams, Sr. Music by: José Blas Parera State Anthem] Written in one day in a ‘burst of inspiration’ as an The music style of this anthem resembles the After viewing a play that had a made-up anthem Words by: collectively entry for a national contest, Uganda’s anthem is patriotic marches in the style of John Philip for Argentina in it, the lyricist of this piece Music by: Veli Mukhatov one of the shortest in the world. Sousa, popular in the United States. decided to create a real anthem for Argentina. In use: 1997–2008 Composed by the same person who composed @–# UKRAINE: ‘Sche ne vmerla Ukrainy’ (–) ANDORRA: ‘El Gran Carlemany’ § ARMENIA: ‘Mer Hayrenik’ [Our Fatherland] the former anthem (used while part of the [Ukraine’s Glory Hasn’t Perished] [The Great Charlemagne] Words by: Mikael Nalbandian USSR), the anthem references Turkmenistan’s Words by: Paul Chubynskyi Words by: Joan Benlloch i Vivó Music by: Barsegh Kanachyan neutrality. Music by: Mikhail Verbytskyi Music by: Enric Marfany Bons The melody of the anthem dates from a 19th A patriotic song dating from the 19th century, it Andorra’s history is presented in a fi rst-person century Turkish vocal exercise for singers. 7 TURKMENISTAN (FORMER ANTHEM): was offi cially made the anthem when Ukraine narrative style, with the speaker as Andorra Words by: Aman Kekilov left the Soviet Union. personifi ed, in its national anthem. ¶ ARUBA: ‘Aruba Dush Tera’ Music by: Veli Mukhatov $ [Aruba Precious Country] In use: 1991–1997 UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: ¡ ANGOLA: ‘Angola Avante’ Words by: Juan Chabaya ‘Padu’ Lampe Originally the song used while Turkmenistan ‘Nashid al-watani al-imarati’ [Forward, Angola] Music by: Rufo Inocencio Wever was a part of the USSR, it was fi nally replaced 6 [National Anthem of the UAE] Words by: Manuel Rui Alves Monteiro This Dutch colony adopted its anthem, which is years after independence. Music by: Mohamad Abdel Wahab Music by: Rui Alberto Vieira Dias Mingao in the style of a waltz, in 1986 as its territorial The anthem offi cially has no lyrics, however 8 The anthem makes reference to important dates anthem. TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS some commissioned by the minister of and events in the ruling party’s history; multi- (National): ‘God Save the Queen’ education are well-known in the country and are party elections may change this in the future. •–ª AUSTRALIA (National): Words by: unknown often sung. ‘Advance Australia Fair’ Music by: unknown ™ ANGUILLA: ‘God Bless Anguilla’ Words by: Peter Dodds McCormick The Turks and Caicos Islands are a British % UNITED NATIONS: Words by: Alex Richardson Music by: Peter Dodds McCormick colony that use the British anthem as the ‘Hymn to the United Nations’ Music by: Alex Richardson Written in the late 19th century, it was national anthem. A local anthem also exists for Words by: W.H. Auden Anguilla’s territorial anthem was adopted in composed when the author attended a concert local events. Music by: Pablo Casals 1981, around the time that it became a separate on the world’s anthems and there was none for The lyrics based on the preamble of the UN British colony. Australia. 9 TUVALU: ‘Tuvalu mo te Atua’ Charter, it is sometimes performed at special [Tuvalu for the Almighty] occasions, yet remains unoffi cial. £ ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA: º AUSTRALIA (Royal): ‘God Save the Queen’ Words by: Afaese Manoa ‘Fair Antigua, We Salute Thee’ Words by: unknown Music by: Afaese Manoa ^–* UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (National): Words by: Novelle Hamilton Richards Music by: unknown The anthem (whose title is also the national ‘The Star Spangled Banner’ Music by: Walter Garnet Picart Chambers When Australians voted to adopt a unique motto) was written to refl ect the Christian faith Words by: Francis Scott Key In use since 1967, the lyrics were slightly national anthem in 1984, the existing anthem, of the islands and the author. Music by: John Stafford Smith changed upon full independence in 1981. ‘God Save the Queen’ was kept as the royal A poem written during the war of 1812 was set anthem. to a tune written for a gentleman’s social club in England. It was made the anthem in 1931.

8.201002 4 37 8.201002 d–e TOGO: ‘Salut à toi, pays de nos aïeux’ VOLUME 10 ⁄–¤ AUSTRIA: · BANGLADESH: ‘Amar Shonar Bangla’ [Hail to Thee, Land of Our Forefathers] ‘Bundeshymne’ [Federal Hymn] [My Golden Bengal] Words by: Alex Casimir-Dosseh 1 TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: Words by: Paula von Preradović Words by: Rabindranath Tagore Music by: Alex Casimir-Dosseh ‘Forged From the Love of Liberty’ Music by: Johann Holzer or Music by: Rabindranath Tagore Originally adopted on independence in 1960, Words by: Patrick Stanislaus Castagne Wolfgang Mozart A work of Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore it was replaced in 1979, and restored in 1992 Music by: Patrick Stanislaus Castagne This melody appears in some of Mozart’s work was selected as the Bangladesh anthem; India when one-party rule was dropped. Originally an anthem of the West Indies written for his Masonic lodge, but several scholars used a different piece also by Tagore. Federation (Of which Trinidad was a part), claim it was written by a different member. f TOKELAU (National): Trinidad retained the anthem upon its ‚–a BARBADOS (National): ‹ › ‘God Defend New Zealand’ dissolution. – AZERBAIJAN: Barbados National Anthem Words by: Thomas Bracken (English), ‘Azerbaijan Marsi’ [March of Azerbaijan] Words by: Irving Burgie Thomas Henry Smith (Māori) 2 TUNISIA: ‘Humat Al Hima’ Words by: Ahmed Javad Music by: C. Van Roland Edwards Music by: John Joseph Woods [Defenders of the Homeland] Music by: Uzeyir Hajibeyov The lyrics of this anthem were written by a USC As a territory of New Zealand, its anthem is Words by: Mustafa Sadik Al-Rafi i and When Azerbaijan became independent from the music scholar; the composer of the music was used as Tokelau’s national anthem, the local Aboul-Qacem Echebbi Soviet Union, it reinstated the anthem that was partly blind at the time the anthem was written. anthem is used for local events in the territory. Music by: Mohamad Abdel Wahab briefl y in use before the Soviet takeover. The music was composed by the same b BARBADOS (Royal): ‘God Save the Queen’ g TONGA: ‘Ko e fasi ‘o e ‘Otu Tonga’ composer of the anthems of Libya and the UAE, fi AZORES: ‘Hino dos Açores’ Words by: unknown [Song of the King of the Tonga Islands] the lyrics were by an Egyptian in the 1930s. [Hymn of the Azores] Music by: unknown Words by: Prince Uelingatoni Ngū Words by: Natália de Oliveira Correia Barbados, like other Commonwealth countries, Tupoumalohi 3 TURKEY: ‘İstiklâl Marşı’ Music by: Joaquim Lima use ‘God Save the Queen’ to honour the Queen Music by: Karl Gustavus Schmitt [The March of Independence] The anthem was written in the 1890s when as the head of state. A prince of the Tongan royal family of the time Words by: Mehmet Âkif Ersoy autonomous movements were growing, and has wrote the lyrics of the anthem; the lyrics refl ect Music by: Zeki Üngör been used continuously since then. c BASHKORTOSTAN: ‘Başgortostan the islands’ deep Christian beliefs. The lyrics were selected in a competition; Respublikahynyň Däwlät himny’ fl ‡ the original music chosen for the piece was – BAHAMAS: ‘March on Bahamaland’ [National Anthem of the Republic of h–i TRANSNISTRIA: changed several years later to the current work. Words by: Timothy Gibson Bashkortostan] Music by: Timothy Gibson ‘My slavim tjebja, Pridnestrov’je’ Words by: Ravilya Bikbaeva and 4 [We Glorify You, Transnistria] TURKMENISTAN: ‘Garaşsyz, Bitarap This anthem was the winning entry in a national Raşita Şakura (Bashkir), Farita Idrisova Words by: Boris Parmenov, Türkmenistanyň’ [Independent, Neutral competition for an anthem, and was adopted and Svetlanî Çuraevoy (Russian) Nicholas Bozhko, Vitaly Pishchenko Turkmenistan State Anthem] upon independence in 1973. Music by: Farita Idrisova Music by: Boris Alexandrov Words by: collectively A republic within Russia, the music is a piece Composed by the son of the Soviet anthem Music by: Veli Mukhatov ° BAHRAIN: ‘Bahrainona’ [Our Bahrain] called ‘The Republic’. Lyrics were written fi rst in composer, it was also entered in the Soviet The music and the lyrics of the anthem, which Words by: unknown Bashkir, then later in Russian. anthem contest, but did not win. referenced its fi rst president in the lyrics, were Music by: unknown slightly changed in 2008 after his death. Bahrain’s anthem is similar to others in the Arab region: short, and essentially consisting of a fanfare and fl ourish.

8.201002 36 5 8.201002 d BASQUE COUNTRY: 2–3 BELIZE: ‘Land of the Free’ › SYRIA: ‘Ħumāt ad-Diyār’ °–· TANZANIA: ‘Mungu ibariki Afrika’ ‘Eusko Abendaren Ereserkia’ Words by: Samuel Alfred Haynes [Guardians of the Homeland] [God Bless Africa] [Anthem of the Basque Ethnicity] Music by: Selwyn Walford Young Words by: Khalil Mardam Bey Words by: collectively Music by: traditional, The anthem was written by a Belize citizen Music by: Mohammad Salim Flayfel Music by: Enoch Mankayi Sontonga arranged by Cleto Zabala who was involved in movements encouraging and Ahmad Salim Flayfel Tanzania was the fi rst African nation to use the The music is an old folk tune which the lyrics Belizian identity and removing racial Adopted as the national anthem in 1936, the popular African song ‘God Bless Africa’ as its (no longer offi cially used, the anthem is offi cially discrimination. composer of the music composed many other anthem, now used across southern Africa. wordless) were written to be sung to. Arab folk songs in the region. 4 BENIN: ‘L’Aube Nouvelle’ ‚ TATARSTAN: [National Anthem of the fi e BAVARIA: ‘Für Bayern’ [For Bavaria] [The Dawn of a New Day] TAIWAN (National): Republic of Tatarstan] Words by: Michael Öchsner Words by: Gilbert Jean Dagnon ‘Zhōnghuá Míngúo gúogē’ Words by: Ramadan Baytimerov Music by: Konrad Max Kunz Music by: Gilbert Jean Dagnon [National Anthem of the Republic of China] Music by: Röstäm Yäxin The melody of this anthem was written by a This anthem has been in use since Words by: Hu Han-min, Tai Chi-t’ao, After lacking words since it was adopted in professor at the Munich Conservatorium and independence in 1960 (as Dahomey), and Liao Chung-k’ai 1993, words in Tatar and Russian were adopted leader of the royal choir at the royal opera. retained when the name Benin was adopted for Music by: Cheng Mao-Yun by the Tatar State Council in February, 2013. the country in 1975. The text of the anthem was taken from a speech f–g BELARUS: given by Sun Yat Sen in 1928, it was retained a THAILAND (National): ‘Phleng Chat Thai’ 5 6 ‘Dziaržaŭny himn Respubliki Biełaruś’ – BERMUDA (Local): ‘Hail to Bermuda’ when the republic’s government fl ed to Taiwan. [National Anthem of Thailand] [State Anthem of the Republic of Belarus] Words by: Bette Johns Words by: Luang Saranuprapan fl Words by: Mikhas Klimkovich and Music by: Bette Johns (?) TAIWAN (Alternate): ‘Zhōnghuá Míngúo Music by: Phra Jenduriyang Uladzimir Karyzna ‘Hail to Bermuda’ is Bermuda’s local anthem, Gúoqígē’ [National Flag Anthem] A local composer was asked to compose an Music by: Nester Sakalouski used in local events and at sporting events Words by: Hu Han-min, Tai Chi-tao, anthem in the spirit of ‘La Marseillaise’; this The melody is the same as when Belarus when competing against other British territories. Liao Chung-kai and Shao Yuan-chung anthem is now played twice daily in Thailand. was part of the Soviet Union; a decade after Music by: Tai Chuan-hsien 7 independence from the USSR, new lyrics were BERMUDA (National): A patriotic song in Taiwan used at fl ag-raisings, b THAILAND (Royal): ‘Phleng Sansasoen written. ‘God Save the Queen’ it is used in international events where the Phra Barami’ [A Salute to the Monarch] Words by: unknown national anthem is banned by mainland China. Words by: Prince Narisara Nuvadtivongs Music by: unknown Music by: Pyotr Schurovsky ‡ VOLUME 2 As a territory of the United Kingdom, the British TAJIKISTAN: ‘Surudi milli’ The music of the anthem was composed by a national anthem is used as the offi cial national [National Anthem] Russian musician specifi cally for lyrics written 1 BELGIUM: ‘La Brabançonne’ anthem in Bermuda. Words by: Gulnazar Keldi by Prince Narisara Nuvadtivongs. Music by: Suleiman Yudakov [The Song of Brabant] 8 9 The melody was retained from the old anthem c Words by: Louis-Alexandre Dechet – BHUTAN: ‘Druk tsendhen’ TIBET: ‘bod rgyal khab chen po’I rgyal glu’ (French), Victor Ceulemans (Dutch) [The Thunder Dragon Kingdom] used as part of the Soviet Union, new words [Tibetan Government National Anthem] Music by: François van Campenhout Words by: Gyaldun Dasho Thinley Dorji were written after independence. Words by: Trijang Rinpoche Written in 1830 during the independence Music by: Aku Tongmi Music by: traditional struggle against the Dutch, the original lyrics The anthem is based on a local folksong that The melody of the anthem is a very old piece of were in French; Dutch and German translations has choreography, making this possibly the Tibetan sacred music; the lyrics are by the Dalai came later. only anthem based on a choreographical work. Lama’s tutor.

8.201002 6 35 8.201002 ¡–™ SPAIN: ‘Himno Nacional Español’ ª SWAZILAND (changed to ESWATINI 0 BOLIVIA: ‘Canción Patriótica’ % BOTSWANA: ‘Fatshe leno la rona’ [National Anthem of Spain] in April 2018): ‘Nkulunkulu Mnikati [Patriotic Song] [Our Land] Music by: unknown wetibusiso temaSwati’ [Oh God, Words by: José Ignacio de Sanjinés Words by: Kgalemang Tumedisco First used in 1770 to honour the king, the Bestower of the Blessings of the Swazi] Music by: Leopoldo Benedetto Vincenti Motsete melody’s origin is unknown and may be from Words by: Andrease Enoke Fanyana This anthem is similar to others in Central and Music by: Kgalemang Tumedisco Motsete outside Spain. The anthem is offi cially wordless. Simelane South America in having a grand ‘epic’ nature to The lyrics and music were both written by Music by: David Kenneth Rycroft the music. It was composed by an Italian. Kgalemang Tumedisco Motsete and was £–¢ SRI LANKA: ‘Sri Lanka Matha’ Composed after extensive ethno-musicological adopted upon independence in 1966. fi eldwork in Swaziland, the anthem blends ! BONAIRE: ‘Tera di Solo y Suave Biento’ [Mother Sri Lanka] ^ * Words by: Ananda Samarkone Western and indigenous music styles. [Land of the Sun and Soft Breeze] – BRAZIL: ‘Hino Nacional Brasilerio’ Music by: Ananda Samarkone Words by: Hubert Obdulio ‘Lio’ Booi [Brazilian National Anthem] Chosen as the result of a contest, it was º–⁄ SWEDEN (National): ‘Sång till Norden’ Music by: J.B.A. Palm Words by: Joaquim Osório Duque fi rst performed on the fourth anniversary of [Song of the North] Part of the Netherlands Antilles until its Estrada independence in 1952. Words by: Richard Dybeck dissolution in 2010, this anthem was used as Music by: Francisco Manoel da Silva Music by: traditional the anthem for the Netherlands Antilles from First performed in 1831 during the imperial era, ∞–§ SUDAN: ‘Nahnu Djundulla Djundulwatan’ Using a melody of a local folk tune, the words 1964–2000. words were fi nally adopted for it in 1922, after [We Are the Army of God and of Our Land] refl ect the ideas of the ‘pan-Scandinavian’ several years of individual states using their Words by: Sayed Ahmad Muhammad movement, popular at the time it was written. @–# BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA: own words. Salih ‘Drž avna himna Bosne i Hercegovine’ ¤ ( Music by: Ahmad Murjan SWEDEN (Royal): ‘Kungssången’ [The National Anthem of Bosnia and BRITISH INDIAN OCEAN TERRITORY: Before independence in 1956, the anthem was [Royal Song] Herzegovina] ‘God Save the Queen’ Words by: unknown the anthem of the Sudanese armed forces. Words by: Carl Wilhelm August Words by: Dušan Šestić and Music by: unknown Strandberg Benjamin Isović ¶ SURINAME: ‘God zij met ons Suriname!’ Music by: Otto Lindblad Music by: Dušan Šestić Containing Diego Garcia, a US Naval base, the [God Be With Our Suriname] The anthem was fi rst sung at a party to celebrate Adopted in 1999 and written as a purely musical archipelago is under the sovereignty of the UK, Words by: Cornelis Atses Hoekstra the accession of Oscar I and was used as the piece entitled ‘Intermecco’, lyrics were written in and offi cially uses their anthem. and Henry de Ziel national and royal anthem until 1893. 2009 but remain unoffi cial. Music by: Johannes Corstianus de Puy ) BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS: ‹ The melody was fi rst familiar to Surinamese as SWITZERLAND: ‘Schweizerpsalm’ / $ BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA ‘God Save the Queen’ used in a popular Sunday School song, new ‘Cantique suisse’ / ‘Salmo svizzero’ / (FORMER ANTHEM): ‘Jedna si jedina’ Words by: unknown lyrics in the native language were written in Music by: unknown ‘Psalm svizzer’ [Swiss Psalm] [You Are One and Only] 1959. This UK territory uses the British anthem as its Words by: Leonhard Widmer (German), Words by: Edin Dervišhalidović offi cial national anthem; a local anthem was Charles Chatelanat (French), Music by: traditional • SVALBARD AND JAN MAYEN: Camillo Valsangiacomo (Italian), and In use: 1992–1999 adopted in 2012, after press time for this edition ‘Ja, vi elsker dette landet’ Flurin Camathias (Romansch) The melody was taken from a Bosnian folk of the National Anthems collection. [Yes, We Love This Country] Music by: Alberik Zwyssig song, the words written by a popular music Words by: Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson The Swiss Psalm was chosen as the national singer. Many Bosniaks still use this as their Music by: Rikard Nordraak anthem due to its Swiss origins, it was a Swiss anthem. These two sparsely populated island groups patriotic poem set to the tune of a Swiss hymn. considered an integral part of Norway, are sometimes grouped together for statistical purposes. 8.201002 34 7 8.201002 ¡ BRUNEI: ‘Allah Peliharakan Sultan’ •–ª CAMBODIA: ‘Nokoreach’ @ SOMALIA: ‘Qolobaa Calankeed’ ^ SOUTH GEORGIA AND SOUTH [God Bless His Majesty] [Royal Kingdom] [Praise to the Flag] SANDWICH ISLANDS: Words by: Pengiran Haji Mohamed Words by: Chuon Nat Words by: Xuseen Aw-Faarax ‘God Save the Queen’ Yusuf bin Abdul Rahim Music by: F. Perruchot and J. Jekyll, Music by: Abdullahi Qarshe Words by: unknown Music by: Awang Haji Besar bin Sagap based on a Cambodian folk tune Written before independence, it has long Music by: unknown The anthem was written in 1947, almost 40 As the anthem associated with the monarchy, been used to celebrate the fl ag before being A group of islands near Antarctica (populated years before independence, when a group of it was in use until the monarchy was deposed proclaimed the new anthem in the 2012 only by a handful of scientists) that are owned youths decided Brunei should have a national in 1970, and restored upon its return in 1993. constitution. by Great Britain, they use the British anthem. anthem. º CAMEROON: # SOMALIA: ‘Soomaaliyeey toosoo’ &–* SOUTH OSSETIA: ‘Respublikæ ™ £ – BULGARIA: ‘Mila Rodino’ ‘Ô Cameroun, Berceau de nos Ancêstres’ / (FORMER ANTHEM) Xussar Irystony Paddzaxadon Gimn’ [Dear Homeland] ‘O Cameroon, Cradle of our Forefathers’ Words by: Ali Mire Awale and [The National Anthem of South Ossetia] Words by: Tsvetan Tsvetkov Radoslavov Words by: René Djam Afame, Yuusuf Xaaji Aadan Cilmi Qabille Words by: Totraz Kokaev Music by: Tsvetan Tsvetkov Radoslavov Samuel Minkio Bamba, Music by: Ali Mire Awale and Music by: Felix Alborov A Bulgarian student wrote and composed the Moïse Nyatte Nko’o (French), Yuusuf Xaaji Aadan Cilmi Qabille A separatist region of Georgia, the music anthem in 1885 as he went off to serve in the Dr Benard Nsokika Fonlon (English) Written in 1947, it has long been a popular was composed by a member of the Soviet Serbo-Bulgarian War. Music by: René Djam Afame Somali song, but was not adopted as the composers while the region was in the USSR. A French/English bilingual country, the lyrics are national anthem until 2000. It was in use until a ¢ ∞ not a direct translation of each other, but are – BURKINA FASO: ‘Le Ditanye’ new anthem was adopted in 2012. ( SOUTH SUDAN: ‘South Sudan Oyee!’ unique in each language. [Anthem of the Victory] [South Sudan, Hurray!] Words by: Thomas Sankara $ SOUTH AFRICA: ⁄ ‹ Words by: Mido Samuel and Music by: Thomas Sankara (?) – CANADA (National): ‘O Canada’ ‘National Anthem of South Africa’ students from Juba University President Thomas Sankara, who was an Words by: Adolphe-Basile Routhier Words by: Enoch Sontonga and Music by: Mido Samuel and enthusiastic guitarist in a jazz band, wrote the (French), Robert Stanley Weir (English) Cornelius Jacob Langenhoven students from Juba University lyrics, and probably the music of the anthem. Music by: Calixa Lavallee Music by: Enoch Sontonga and Chosen in a competition in early 2001 in Composed in 1880 to an existing French- Marthinus Lourens de Villiers preparation for independence later that year, §–¶ BURUNDI: ‘Burundi Bwâcu’ language poem, the English lyrics have The music combines a popular African hymn the lyrics were revised many times before undergone several revisions before offi cial [Our Beloved Burundi] with the previous national anthem; the lyrics use acceptance. adoption in 1980. Words by: Jean-Baptiste Ntahokaja fi ve different languages. Music by: Marc Barengayabo ) SOVEREIGN MILITARY ORDER OF › CANADA (Royal): ‘God Save the Queen’ % The lyrics were written collectively by a group SOUTH AFRICA (FORMER ANTHEM): MALTA: ‘Ave Crux Alba’ Words by: unknown Words by: Enoch Sontonga and led by Jean-Baptiste Ntahokaja, a Catholic [Hail, Thou White Cross] priest. The music is by Marc Barengayabo. Music by: unknown Cornelius Jacob Langenhoven Used as Canada’s offi cial national anthem until Music by: Enoch Sontonga and Words by: unknown 1980, it is used today to salute the royal family. Marthinus Lourens de Villiers Music by: unknown French lyrics also exist for the tune. In use: 1994–1997 The SMOM is a charitable Catholic organization South Africa’s fi rst anthem after free elections with limited diplomatic status. Its anthem speaks merely had the entirety of a popular African of the virtue of charity and piety. hymn preceding the entire former anthem.

8.201002 8 33 8.201002 VOLUME 9 6–7 SINGAPORE: ‘Majulah Singapura’ fi CANARY ISLANDS: ‘Himno de Canarias’ b CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: [Onward Singapore] [Anthem of the Canary Islands] ‘La Renaissance’ [The Renaissance] 1–2 SERBIA: ‘Bože pravde’ [God of Justice] Words by: Zubir Said Words by: Benito Cabrera Hernandez Words by: Barthélémy Boganda Words by: Jovan Đorđević Music by: Zubir Said Music by: Teobaldo Power y Lugo-Vina Music by: Herbert Pepper Music by: Davorin Jenko Composed while Singapore was still a part of Adopted in 2003, the song is an adaptation of a Composed by a French musicologist who went Since its fi rst appearance in an 1872 play, it has Malaysia, it was written as a theme for the city local folk song called ‘Arrorró’ [Lullaby]. to the country to study the local music, he also been associated as the anthem of Serbs even council’s functions. composed the music for Senegal’s anthem. while Serbia was within Yugoslavia. fl–‡ CAPE VERDE (changed to CABO VERDE 8 SINT EUSTATIUS: ‘Golden Rock’ in October 2013): ‘Cântico da Liberdade’ c CHAD: ‘La Tchadienne’ 3 SERBIA & MONTENEGRO Words by: Pieter van den Heuvel [Song of Freedom] Words by: Louis Gidrol and (FORMER ANTHEM): ‘Hej Slaveni’ Music by: unknown Words by: Amilcar Spencer Lopes students at St Paul’s School [Hey, Slavs] The lyrics make reference to the fact that the Music by: Adalberto Higino Tavares Music by: Paul Villard Words by: Samuel Tomášik fi rst salute to the US fl ag was fi red from Sint Silva Adopted upon independence in 1960, the lyrics Music by: Samuel Tomášik, Eustatius. For the fi rst 20 years of independence, Cape were written by Chadian musician Louis Gidrol based on a traditional song Verde shared an anthem with Guinea-Bissau. and his students at St Paul’s School. In use: 2003–2006 (as Serbia & Montenegro, 9 SLOVAKIA: ‘Nad Tatrou sa blýska’ In 1996, it adopted its own anthem. d 1945–2003 as ‘Yugoslavia’) [Storm Over the Tatras] CHECHEN REPUBLIC OF ICHKERIA: The Yugoslav anthem was retained for the Words by: Janko Matúška ° CATALONIA: ‘Els Segadors’ ‘Joƶalla ya marşo’ [Death or Freedom] federation of Serbia & Montenegro, despite the Music by: traditional [The Reapers] Words by: Abuzar Aidamirov popularity of the two republics’ anthems. The melody is taken from a Slovak folk song; Words by: Emili Guanyavents Music by: Ali Dimaev the lyrics were by a student while on a protest Music by: Francesc Alió Used by the separatist Chechen government in 4 SEYCHELLES: ‘Koste Seselwa’ over the fi ring of a nationalist teacher. The melody, composed in 1892, was adopted exile, the song was fi rst written for the play ‘The [Seychellois Unite] from a previously existing song. The lyrics recall Land of Our Fathers’. Words by: David François Marc André 0 SLOVENIA: ‘Zdravljica’ [A Toast] The Reapers’ War, an important battle. and George Charles Robert Payet Words by: France Prešeren e CHECHNYA: ‘Шатлакхан Илли’ Music by: David François Marc André Music by: Stanko Premrl ·–‚ CAYMAN ISLANDS (Local): [The Shatlak’s Song] and George Charles Robert Payet Written as a song praising wine (the lyrics ‘Beloved Isles Cayman’ Words by: Mahash Vozdingov and Adopted in 1996 after one-party socialist rule even in the shape of a wineglass), the seventh Words by: Leila E. Ross Hoz-Ahmed Kadyrov was replaced with a multi-party democratic stanza, praising peace, became the anthem in Music by: Leila E. Ross Music by: Umar Biksultanov system, the anthem speaks of unity. 1989. A British colony, its local anthem was written by Upon Russian control of the Chechen Leila Ross-Shier, a church organist, in 1930. government, a contest was held for a new 5 SIERRA LEONE: ! SOLOMON ISLANDS: national anthem, the winning submission was ‘High We Exalt Thee, Realm Of The Free’ ‘God Save Our Solomon Islands’ a CAYMAN ISLANDS (National): adopted in 2004. Words by: Clifford Nelson Fyle Words by: Panapasa Balekana and ‘God Save the Queen’ Music by: John Joseph Akar Matila Balekana Words by: unknown The anthem’s composer was a director of Music by: Panapasa Balekana Music by: unknown the national broadcaster and the founder of Asking for God’s blessing on the south Pacifi c As a territory of the United Kingdom, the British the national dance troupe, the lyricist was a nation, it was adopted upon independence in national anthem is used as the offi cial national professor. 1978. anthem in the Cayman Islands.

8.201002 32 9 8.201002 VOLUME 3 6–7 COLOMBIA: ‘Himno Nacional de la fl–‡ SAMOA: ‘O Ie Fu’a o Ie Sa’olotoga c SCOTLAND: ‘Fhlùir na h-Alba’ / República de Colombia’ [National o Samoa’ [The Banner of Freedom] ‘Flouer o Scotland’ / ‘Flower of Scotland’ 1–2 CHILE: ‘Himno Nacional de Chile’ Anthem of the Republic of Colombia] Words by: Sauni Iiga Kuresa Words by: Roy Williamson [National Anthem of Chile] Words by: Rafael Núñez Music by: Sauni Iiga Kuresa Music by: Roy Williamson Words by: Eusebio Lillo Robles and Music by: Oreste Sindici Honouring the national fl ag, the lyrics are Written in 1965 by the folk group The Corries, Bernardo de Vera y Pintado Once the lyrics were written (by a Bogota sometimes slightly altered in a ‘religious version’ it has been used as Scotland’s national song at Music by: Ramón Carnicer y Battle comedian), he requested of his friend, an Italian that mentions God and Jesus. several sporting events since 1974. The chorus from Chile’s fi rst anthem (deemed opera teacher, to compose the anthem’s music. too anti-Spanish) was retained for this new one, °–· SAN MARINO: d SEALAND: ‘E Mare Libertas’ adopted in 1828. 8–9 COMOROS: ‘Udzima wa ya Masiwa’ Music by: Federico Consolo [From the Sea, Freedom] [The Union of the Great Islands] San Marino’s anthem, adopted in 1894, is one Music by: Basil Simonenko 3 CHINA, PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF: Words by: Saïd Hachim Sidi of the few in the world with no lyrics (although The wordless anthem of this occupied former ‘Yìyǒngjūn Jìnxíngqǔ’ Abdérémane unoffi cial ones exist). British military base claimed as a nation [The March of the Volunteers] Music by: Saïd Hachim Sidi Abdérémane was composed by London composer Basil Words by: Tian Han and Kamildine Abdallah ‚ SÃO TOMÉ AND PRÍNCIPE: Simonenko. Music by: Nie Er This is the Comoros’ second anthem, a ‘Independência total’ First written for the 1935 movie ‘Sons and different one having been in use from the 1975 [Total Independence] e SEBORGA: ‘La Speranza’ [The Hope] Daughters in a Time of Storm’, it speaks of independence to 1978. Words by: Alda Neves da Graça Words by: HSH Prince George I Chinese courage and bravery in the face of do Espírito Santo Music by: Luigi Poggi aggression. 0 CONGO, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC Music by: Manuel dos Santos A town in northwest Italy, a local businessman OF THE (Congo-Kinshasa): Barreto de Sousa e Almeida found that the town was not in the 4 CHRISTMAS ISLAND: ‘Debout Congolaise’ [Arise Congolese] The author of the lyrics held several government Italian Unifi cation Act, and proclaimed its ‘Advance Australia Fair’ Words by: Joseph Lutumba positions after the anthem was adopted on independence. The anthem was composed in Words by: Peter Dodds McCormick Music by: Simon-Pierre Boka Di independence in 1975, mainly dealing with 1994. Music by: Peter Dodds McCormick Mpasi Londi culture. Christmas Island is a sparsely inhabited Restored after the country’s name reverted f–g SENEGAL: ‘Pincez Tous vos Koras, a Australian territory, and uses the national to Congo from Zaire, this is possibly the only SAUDI ARABIA: ‘Aash Al Maleek’ Frappez les Balafons’ anthem of its parent nation. anthem that has specifi c soloist and choral [Long Live Our Beloved King] [Pluck Your Koras, Strike the Balafons] parts. Words by: Ibrahim Khafaji Words by: Léopold Sédar Senghor 5 COCOS (KEELING) ISLANDS: Music by: Abdul Rahman Al-Khateeb Music by: Herbert Pepper ! @ ‘Advance Australia Fair’ – CONGO, REPUBLIC OF THE An Egyptian composer was requested to The composer also composed the anthem for Words by: Peter Dodds McCormick (Congo-Brazzaville): ‘La Congolaise’ compose Saudi Arabia’s fi rst anthem in 1947. the Central African Republic, the lyrics were by Music by: Peter Dodds McCormick Words by: unknown The current lyrics were written in 1984. Senegal’s fi rst president. The Cocos (Keeling) Islands are an Australian Music by: unknown island territory in the Indian Ocean. It uses the The lyrics of the Congolese anthem, written for b SAUGEAIS: anthem of Australia as its anthem. the occasion of independence in 1960, speak of ‘Dé san qu’y a dèz hounnous â mondou’ the importance of national unity. [Since Men Were In The World] Words by: Theodore Botrel Music by: Joseph Bobillier Saugeais’ ‘independence’ being created at the whim of the mayor in 1947, the anthem is a song written in the local dialect in 1910. 8.201002 10 31 8.201002 § SAHARA: ‘Yā Banīy As-Saharā’ º–⁄ SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS: # COOK ISLANDS (Local): (–) CURAÇAO: ‘Himno di Kòrsou’ [O Sons of the Sahara] ‘Oh Land of Beauty!’ ‘Te Atua Mou E’ [To God Almighty] [Anthem of Curaçao] Words by: unknown Words by: Kenrick Anderson Georges Words by: Tepaeru Te Rito Words by: Guillermo Rosario, Music by: unknown Music by: Kenrick Anderson Georges Music by: Thomas Davis Mae Henriquez, Enrique Muller, The POLISARIO, a group seeking Adopted in 1983, the anthem speaks of The composer of the music was Prime Minister Betty Doran independence for Moroccan-held Western commitment to peace and unity. at the time, and was married to the lyricist, a Music by: Frater Candidus Nowens and Sahara, adopted this anthem upon their 1979 chief of one of the islands’ tribes. Errol ‘El Toro’ Colina independence declaration. ¤ SAINT LUCIA: Like Bonaire, Curaçao’s anthem was used for ‘Sons and Daughters of St Lucia’ $ COOK ISLANDS (Royal): the anthem of the Netherlands Antilles as a ¶ whole until 1964. SAINT BARTHÉLEMY (Local): Words by: Charles Jesse ‘God Save the Queen’ Music by: Leton Felix Thomas ‘L’Hymne à St Barthélemy’ Words by: unknown ¡ [Hymn to St Barthélemy] When St Lucia became self-governing within Music by: unknown CYPRUS: ‘Ymnos eis tin Eleftherian’ Words by: Isabelle Massart Déravin the British Commonwealth in 1967, it adopted The Cook Islands have the British monarchy [Hymn to Freedom] Music by: Michael Valenti a national anthem, and retained it on full as their head of state and use the British royal Words by: Dionysios Solomos Composed by Broadway composer Michael independence in 1979. anthem as their royal anthem. Music by: Nikolaos Mantzaros Valenti, the lyrics were commissioned by On independence, the Greek and Turkish the island’s choir director to one of the choir ‹ SAINT MARTIN (National): % COSTA RICA: ‘Himno Nacional de Costa leaders could not agree upon an anthem, so the Greek-led government decided to use the members. ‘La Marseillaise’ [The Song of Marseille] Rica’ [Costa Rican National Anthem] Words by: Claude-Joseph Rouget Words by: José María Zeledón Brenes Greek anthem. • de Lisle Music by: Manuel María Gutiérrez SAINT BARTHÉLEMY (National): ™ ¢ ‘La Marseillaise’ [The Song of Marseille] Music by: Claude-Joseph Rouget de Lisle Costa Rica lacked an anthem until one was – CZECH REPUBLIC (changed to CZECHIA Words by: Claude-Joseph Rouget Despite having a local anthem for use in local composed for the occasion of the US and UK in May 2016): ‘Kde domov můj?’ de Lisle events, the French ‘La Marseillaise’ is the accrediting their diplomatic representatives. [Where Is My Home?] Music by: Claude-Joseph Rouget de Lisle offi cial anthem for use in the territory. Words by: Josef Kajetán Tyl As a French territory, the French national ^ CROATIA: ‘Lijepa naša domovino’ Music by: Frantisek Jan Škroup › anthem is the offi cial national anthem of St SAINT PIERRE AND MIQUELON: [Our Beautiful Homeland] The music to the anthem was composed by a Bart’s and other French territories. ‘La Marseillaise’ [The Song of Marseille] Words by: Antun Mihanovic revivalist composer of Czech music and Czech Words by: Claude-Joseph Rouget Music by: Josip Runjanin opera; the lyrics from the opera ‘Fidlovačka’. ª SAINT HELENA, ASCENSION AND de Lisle The music, composed a few years after the ∞ § TRISTAN DA CUNHA (National): Music by: Claude-Joseph Rouget de Lisle lyrics, was based on ‘O sole piu ratto’ from – DENMARK (National): A French department off the coast of ‘God Save the Queen’ Donizetti’s opera ‘Lucia di Lammermoor’. ‘Der er et yndigt land’ Newfoundland, the French anthem is used here Words by: unknown [There Is A Lovely Land] Music by: unknown as it is in the rest of France. &–* CUBA: ‘La Bayamesa’ [The Bayamo Song] Words by: Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger A British territory, ‘God Save the Queen’ is the Words by: Pedro Figueredo Music by: Hans Ernst Krøyer fi offi cial anthem of St Helena. SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES: Music by: Pedro Figueredo On equal status with the royal anthem, it was ‘St Vincent! Land So Beautiful’ Composed in 1868 during an uprising against fi rst performed in 1844 for a large gathering of Words by: Phyllis Joyce McClean Punnett Spain, it was offi cially adopted in 1940 and Danes, and quickly gained popularity. Music by: Joel Bertram Miguel retained even after the 1959 communist Upon becoming a self-governing territory in revolution. 1967, St Vincent adopted a local anthem. It was retained when full independence was granted in 1979. 8.201002 30 11 8.201002 ¶ DENMARK (Royal): fi–fl ECUADOR: ‘Salve, Oh Patria!’ @ QATAR (FORMER ANTHEM): *–) RUSSIA: ‘Gosudarstvenny Gimn ‘Kong Christian stod ved højen mast’ [We Salute You, Our Homeland] Music by: unknown Rossiyskoy Federatsii’ [King Christian stood by the lofty mast] Words by: Juan León Mera In use: 1954–1996 [National Anthem of the Russian Words by: Johannes Ewald Music by: Antonio Neumane Wordless and short in length, this format Federation] Music by: unknown The lyrics were written in 1865, and the author of anthem was typical of the Gulf States at Words by: Sergei Vladimirovich Dating back to 1780, ‘Kong Christian’ is legally later served as president of the Ecuadorean the time. The music is possibly Indian in origin. Mikhalkov a co-national anthem, but is primarily used for senate. It was set to music the following year. Music by: Alexandr Vasilievich Alexandrov honouring the King and the Danish military. # QUÉBEC: ‘Gens du Pays’ The melody is identical to the old Soviet anthem; ‡–° EGYPT: ‘Bilady, Bilady, Bilady’ [People of the Country] the new lyrics were written by the lyricist who • DJIBOUTI: ‘Jabuuti’ [Djibouti] [My Homeland, My Homeland, Words by: Gilles Vigneault wrote the lyrics for the USSR’s anthem. Words by: Aden Elmi My Homeland] Music by: Gilles Vigneault and Music by: Abdi Robleh Words by: Younis-al Qadi Gaston Rochon ¡ RUSSIA (FORMER ANTHEM): Adopted on 1977 independence and written in Music by: Sayed Darwish A popular folk song used by Québec ‘Patrioticheskaya pesnya’ sovereigntists as an anthem, the song (with Somali, the lyrics describe the national fl ag. The composer of the anthem was a pioneer [The Patriotic Song] modifi ed lyrics) is also used in Québec as a of Arabic music and a leader of the modern Music by: Mikhail Glinka ª–º DOMINICA: Egyptian renaissance in the early 20th century. birthday song. In use: 1990–2000 ‘Isle of Beauty, Isle of Splendour’ $ % Criticism over the wordless nature of Glinka’s Words by: Wilfred Oscar Morgan ·–‚ EL SALVADOR: – RÉUNION (Local): ‘P’tit fl eur fanée’ piece lead to words being written in late 1999, Pond ‘Himno Nacional de El Salvador’ [Little Faded Flower] but were never adopted. Music by: Lemuel McPherson Christian [National Anthem of El Salvador] Words by: Georges Fourcade Music by: Jules Fossy Adopted unoffi cially upon achieving statehood Words by: Juan José Cañas ™–¢ RWANDA: ‘Rwanda nziza’ Taught in schools in Réunion, ‘P’tit fl eur fanée’ in 1967, the national song became the national Music by: Juan Aberle [Rwanda, Our Beautiful Country] was written in the local French Creole dialect by anthem upon 1978 independence. Composed by an Italian serving as the director Words by: Faustin Murigo of an opera company, the anthem’s music two local musicians. Music by: Jean-Bosco Hashakaimana ⁄ ¤ – DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: consists of many parts. After its bloody civil war, new national symbols ^ ‘Himno Nacional’ [National Anthem] RÉUNION (National): ‘La Marseillaise’ were unveiled at the end of 2001, including a Words by: Emilio Prud’homme a ENGLAND: ‘Land of Hope and Glory’ [The Song of Marseille] new anthem that speaks of love of country. Music by: José Reyés Words by: Arthur C. Benson Words by: Claude-Joseph Rouget de The lyrics never refer to the country by its Music by: Edward Elgar Lisle ∞ RWANDA (FORMER ANTHEM): current name, instead using the name used by From Elgar’s ‘Pomp and Circumstance March Music by: Claude-Joseph Rouget de Lisle A French department, and an integral part ‘Rwanda rwacu’ [Our Rwanda] the original native inhabitants of the island. No. 1 in D’, this is also used as an unoffi cial Words by: Michael Habarurema of France, the French national anthem is the English anthem at sporting events. and ‘Abanyuramatwi’ ‹–› EAST TIMOR: ‘Pátria’ [Fatherland] offi cial national anthem of Réunion. Music by: Michael Habarurema Words by: Fransisco Borja da Costa b c and ‘Abanyuramatwi’ – ENGLAND: ‘Jerusalem’ & Music by: Afonso de Araujo Words by: William Blake ROMANIA: ‘Deşteaptă-te române!’ In use: 1962–2001 The national anthem was fi rst used during its Music by: Hubert Parry [Wake up, Romanian] Based on an old folk tune, it was composed by brief period of independence in 1975, and was A popular hymn about Jesus visiting England as Words by: Andrei Mureşianu Michael Habarurema and ‘Abanyuramatwi’, a restored when independence was regained in a youth, it’s often used as an unoffi cial anthem Music by: Anton Pann choral society in Gitrama. 2002. for England at sporting and patriotic events. Frequently heard during the protests against Communist rule, the popular song of protest and freedom was adopted after the fall of Communism. 8.201002 12 29 8.201002 b PARALYMPIC MOVEMENT: 5 PITCAIRN ISLANDS (National): d–e EQUATORIAL GUINEA: 5 EUROPEAN UNION: ‘European Anthem’ ‘Hymn de l’Avenir’ [Anthem of the Future] ‘God Save the Queen’ Words by: Atanasio Ndongo Miyono Music by: Ludwig von Beethoven, Words by: Graeme Connors Words by: unknown Music by: Atanasio Ndongo Miyono or arranged by Herbert von Karajan Music by: Thierry Darnis Music by: unknown Ramiro Sanchez Lopez Adapted from Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony, An instrumental piece, the anthem was Being a British territory, ‘God Save the Queen’ The national anthem, adopted upon commonly set to the poem ‘Ode to Joy’, the approved in March 1996. Lyrics were written in is the offi cial anthem, although it is rarely heard independence in 1968, speaks of the joy that European Anthem lacks words offi cially. 2001, but they don’t appear to have ever been on the islands. the attainment of independence has brought. used. 6 FALKLAND ISLANDS (Local): 6 POLAND: ‘Mazurek Dąbrowskiego’ ‘Song of the Falklands’ [Dabrowski’s Mazurka] VOLUME 4 Words by: Christopher Lanham VOLUME 8 Words by: Józef Wybicki Music by: Christopher Lanham Music by: traditional 1 ERITREA: ‘Ertra, Ertra, Ertra’ A British teacher working on the islands wrote 1–2 PERU: ‘Himno Nacional del Perú’ Fast-tempo mazurkas originated in and are [Eritrea, Eritrea, Eritrea] ‘Song of the Falklands’ in the 1930s; it since gained popularity as an unoffi cial anthem. [National Anthem of Peru] often associated with Poland; this anthem Words by: Solomon Tsehaye Beraki inspired other Slavonic nations in Eastern Music by: Isaac Abraham Meharezgi Words by: José de la Torre Ugarte 7 Music by: José Bernardo Alzedo Europe. and Aron Tekle Tesfatsion FALKLAND ISLANDS (National): Despite a 1913 ruling that the anthem was not Eritrea’s anthem was adopted shortly after ‘God Save the Queen’ to be revised, it has been several times since, 7–8 PORTUGAL: ‘A Portugesa’ winning independence from Ethiopia in 1993 Words by: unknown most recently the order of the verses. [The Song of the Portuguese] after a long war. Music by: unknown Words by: Henrique Lopes Administered by the United Kingdom, the 2 3 PHILIPPINES: ‘Lupang Hinirang’ de Mendonça ESTONIA: ‘Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja room’ Falkland Islands uses the British anthem as its offi cial national anthem. [Chosen Land] Music by: Alfredo Keil [My Native Land, My Pride and Joy] A common song of protest by the republicans in Words by: Johann Voldemar Jannsen Words by: Felipe Padilla de Leon 8 9 Music by: Julian Felipe Portugal, it became the national anthem when Music by: Friedrich Pacius – FAROE ISLANDS: ‘Mítt alfagra land’ The fi rst offi cial lyrics were in Spanish and later they were successful in ousting the monarchy. The anthem, whose melody is nearly identical [My Fairest Land] in English, but now only the Filipino lyrics written to Finland’s, was banned under Soviet rule, but Words by: Símun av Skarði 9 in 1948 must be performed. PUERTO RICO: ‘La Borinqueña’ could be heard in broadcasts from Finland. Music by: Peter Alberg Words by: Manuel Fernández Juncos The lyrics of the anthem for this Danish territory Music by: Félix Astol Artés 3 4 were written in 1906 and the anthem as adopted 4 PITCAIRN ISLANDS (Local): – ETHIOPIA: ‘Whedefi t Gesgeshi Woude The music, fi rst composed as a dance, was Henate Ethopia’ [March Forward, in 1948. ‘We From Pitcairn Island’ joined with words in 1868. Less ‘subversive’ Words by: Pastor L.A.J. Webster and Dear Mother Ethiopia] lyrics were written for government acceptance. 0 Melva Evans Words by: Dereje Melaku Mengesha FIJI: ‘God Bless Fiji’ / ‘Meda Dau Doka’ Music by: Solomon Lulu [Let Us Show Pride] Music by: Frederick M. Lehman 0 ! Using the tune of the hymn ‘The Royal – QATAR: ‘Al-Salam Al-Amiri’ The current national anthem was adopted in Words by: Michael Francis Alexander Telephone’, this song is used at gatherings. The [Peace be to the Emir] 1992 after the fall of the Marxist regime that Prescott lyrics are addressing a departing visitor. Words by: Sheikh Mubarak bin toppled the Ethiopian monarchy. Music by: C. Austin Miles, Saïf al-Thani adapted by Michael Francis Alexander Prescott Music by: Abdul Aziz Nasser Obaidan The melody of the Fijian anthem was adopted The anthem was adopted in 1996, shortly after from the hymn ‘Dwelling in Beulah Land’. the accession of the current emir; the lyricist is of the same house as the emir.

8.201002 28 13 8.201002 ! FINLAND: ‘Maame’ / ‘Vårt land’ [Our Land] Written and composed by a group of seven ¶ NORWAY (Royal): ‘Kongesangen’ ‹–› PALAU: ‘Belau rekid’ [Our Palau] Words by: Johan Ludvig Runeberg people, they all agreed to give all royalties from [Royal Song] Words by: collectively Music by: Fredrik Pacius the anthem to the French territory. Words by: N. Fogtmann Music by: Ymesei O. Ezekiel First performed in 1848, the song has never Music by: unknown Adopted in 1980, shortly before its first been officially legislated as the national anthem, ^ FRENCH POLYNESIA (National): The Norwegian royal anthem not only has the constitution was granted, the lyrics are a but has been used traditionally as such. ‘La Marseillaise’ [The Song of Marseille] same melody as the British royal anthem, but combination of works by several authors. Words by: Claude-Joseph Rouget de Lisle also the Swedish royal anthem of the time. fi @ FLANDERS: ‘De Vlaamse Leeuw’ Music by: Claude-Joseph Rouget de Lisle PALESTINE: ‘Fida’i’ [Revolutionary] [The Flemish Lion] French Polynesia, being part of the French •–ª OLYMPIC MOVEMENT: Words by: Said Al Muzayin Words by: Hippoliet Van Peene Republic, has the French anthem as its official ‘Olympiakós Ýmnos’ [Olympic Hymn] Music by: Ali Ismael Music by: Karel Miry national anthem in addition to its local anthem. Words by: Costis Palamas The title refers to one who is willing to fight for The anthem, written in 1847, shows influences Music by: Spirou Samara his homeland. The composer was an Egyptian of German folk songs from the area. It was & FRENCH SOUTHERN AND Composed for the first Olympics in 1896, maestro, and the author a Palestinian poet. officially adopted in 1973. ANTARCTIC LANDS: ‘La Marseillaise’ local Olympic anthems were used until the fl ‡ [The Song of Marseille] 1960 Games, when the original anthem was – PANAMA: ‘Himno Istemño’ # FRANCE: ‘La Marseillaise’ Words by: Claude-Joseph Rouget de Lisle resurrected. [Isthmus Hymn] [The Song of Marseille] Music by: Claude-Joseph Rouget de Lisle Words by: Jerónimo de la Ossa Words by: Claude-Joseph Rouget de Lisle Consisting of nearly uninhabited islands and a º–⁄ OMAN: ‘Nashid as-Salaam as-Sultani’ Music by: Santos A. Jorge Music by: Claude-Joseph Rouget de Lisle slice of Antarctica, this French territory, like most [The Sultan’s Anthem] First sung on the streets when independence One of the most recognized and influential others, uses the French anthem. Words by: Rashid bin Uzayyiz was attained from Colombia in 1903, the anthem anthems in the world, it also has been used in Al Khusaidi salutes the nation and the working class. other works, such as the ‘1812 Overture’. * FRISIA: ‘It Fryske Folksliet’ Music by: James Frederick Mills, ° · [The Frisian Folksong] arranged by Bernard Ebbinghaus – PAPUA NEW GUINEA: $ FRENCH GUIANA: ‘La Marseillaise’ The lyrics, written in the early 1800s, were Asked to write a salute to the sultan, the ‘O Arise All You Sons’ [The Song of Marseille] paired with Heinrich Christian Schnoor’s ‘Vom bandmaster of a visiting British ship came up Words by: Thomas Shacklady Words by: Claude-Joseph Rouget hoh’n Olymp’ to make the Frisian anthem. with the melody that is now the national anthem. Music by: Thomas Shacklady de Lisle Adopted upon 1975 independence, the anthem ¤ praises God and the freedom of the country. Music by: Claude-Joseph Rouget de Lisle (–) GABON: ‘La Concorde’ PAKISTAN: ‘Qaumī Tarāna’ Most French territories and departments, like [National Anthem] Words by: Georges Aleka Damas ‚ a French Guiana, do not have their own local Music by: Georges Aleka Damas Words by: Abu-Al-Asar Hafeez – PARAGUAY: anthem, but instead use France’s national The composer of the anthem was actively Jullandhuri ‘Paraguayos, República o muerte!’ anthem. involved in Gabonese politics and in the Music by: Ahmed Ghulamali Chagla [Paraguayans, The Republic or Death!] formation of labour unions. The composer was trained in both eastern Words by: Francisco Esteban % FRENCH POLYNESIA (Local): music and western composition. The lyrics are Acuña de Figueroa ‘Ia Ora ‘O Tahiti Nui’ [Long Live Tahiti Nui] ¡ GAMBIA: in a Persianized form of the national language Music by: Francisco José Debali (Urdu). The seven verses of the anthem recall Words by: Maeva Bougues, ‘For The Gambia, Our Homeland’ Irmine Tehei, Angèle Terorotua, Words by: Virginia Julie Howe Paraguay’s history, its national symbols, and Johanna Nouveau, Patrick Amaru, Music by: traditional, end with a call to patriotism. Louis Mamatui and Jean-Pierre Célestin adapted by Jeremy Frederick Howe Music by: Maeva Bougues, Irmine Tehei, The melody of this anthem was adapted from Angèle Terorotua, Johanna Nouveau, Patrick Amaru, the traditional song ‘Foday Kaba Dumbuya’. Louis Mamatui and Jean-Pierre Célestin 8.201002 14 27 8.201002 ^–& NIGER: ‘La Nigérienne’ £ NORTH CYPRUS: ‘İstiklâl Marşı’ ™–£ GEORGIA: ‘Tavisupleba’ [Liberty] •–º GREAT BRITAIN: Words by: Maurice Albert Thiriet [The March of Independence] Words by: Dawit Magradse ‘God Save the Queen’ Music by: Robert Jacquet and Words by: Mehmet Âkif Ersoy Music by: Zakaria Paliashvili, Words by: unknown Nicolas Abel François Frionnet Music by: Zeki Üngör adapted by Joseb Ketschakmadse Music by: unknown Like other African anthems of former French As the Greek-controlled Republic of Cyprus Adopted in 2004, the music was taken from two First performed in 1745, it has infl uenced many colonies, Niger’s lyrics speak of the country uses the Greek national anthem, the Turkish different Georgian operas, ‘Abselom da Eteri’ different national anthems and has been used arising to progress in the future. North Cyprus only uses the Turkish anthem. and ‘Daisi’, both by Zakaria Paliashvili. in the compositions of 140 different composers. * ( ¢ – NIGERIA: ‘Arise, O Compatriots’ ¢ NORTHERN IRELAND: GEORGIA (FORMER ANTHEM): ⁄ GREECE: ‘Ymnos eis tin Eleftherian’ Words by: John A. Ilechukwu, ‘A Londonderry Air’ ‘Dideba’ [Praise] [Hymn to Freedom] Eme Etim Akpan, B.A. Ogunnaike, Words by: Katherine Tynan Hinkson Words by: Kote Potskhverashvili Words by: Dionysios Solomos Sotu Omoigui and P.O. Aderibigbe Music by: traditional Music by: Kote Potskhverashvili Music by: Nikolaos Mantzaros Music by: Benedict Elide Odiase ‘A Londonderry Air’ is used by Northern Irish In use: 1991–2004 The anthem is taken from the fi rst two stanzas After the words were selected as a combination athletes at the Commonwealth Games; the First used in the short-lived pre-Soviet of an epic 158-verse poem, set to music, of the best fi ve entries in a contest, they were melody is used for several Irish folk songs. independence period, it was readopted after the inspired by the Greek Revolution of 1821. put to music by the Nigerian Police Band. fall of the Soviet Union. ∞ NORTHERN MARIANAS: ¤ GREENLAND: ) NIUE: ‘Ko e Iki he Lagi’ ∞ ‘Gi Talo Gi Halom Tasi’ [In the Middle of GERMANY: ‘Lied der Deutschen’ ‘Nunarput utoqqarsuanngoravit’ [The Lord in Heaven] [Song of the Germans] Words by: unknown the Sea] / ‘Satil Matawal Pacifi co’ [Our Country, Who’s Become So Old] Words by: Jose S. Pangelinan Words by: August Heinrich Words by: Henrik Lund Music by: unknown, (Chamoru), David Peter (Carolinian) Hoffmann von Fallersleben Music by: Jonathan Petersen prepared by Sioeli Fusikata Music by: Wilhelm Ganzhorn Music by: Joseph Haydn Written and composed by two Danes, it was The lyrics of the anthem speak of ‘The Lord in The melody was composed by Haydn in 1797 The melody of the local anthem of this adopted in 1916 as the local anthem, well Heaven’ as Niue’s complete ruler. as the Austrian imperial anthem, the text was commonwealth of the United States is taken before autonomy within Denmark was granted written in 1841 before a united Germany from a 19th century German song. in 1979. ¡ NORFOLK ISLAND (Local): emerged. ‘Come Ye Blessed’ § NORWAY (National): ‘Ja, vi elsker dette ‹ Words by: Jesus of Nazareth § GRENADA: ‘Hail Grenada’ GHANA: Words by: Irva Merle Baptiste Music by: John Prindle Scott landet’ [Yes, We Love This Country] ‘God Bless Our Homeland Ghana’ Music by: Louis Arnold Masanto Also known as the ‘Pitcairn Anthem’, it was Words by: Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson Music by: Rikard Nordraak Words by: unknown The national motto, ‘Ever Conscious of God probably brought by settlers from Pitcairn Music by: Philip Gbeho Composed by a friend of Norwegian composer We Aspire, Build and Advance as One People’ Island. The words are from a Biblical passage. Adopted on independence in 1957, the lyrics Edvard Grieg, the anthem was fi rst performed appear in the lyrics. were changed in 1960 when a republic was ™ for the 50th anniversary of the constitution. NORFOLK ISLAND (Offi cial): declared, and in 1966, upon a change in › ‘Advance Australia Fair’ government. GUADELOUPE: ‘La Marseillaise’ Words by: Peter Dodds McCormick [The Song of Marseille] Music by: Peter Dodds McCormick ¶ Words by: Claude-Joseph Rouget de Lisle GIBRALTAR: ‘Gibraltar Anthem’ Music by: Claude-Joseph Rouget de Lisle Norfolk Island is part of the Commonwealth of Words by: Peter Emberley Guadeloupe became an integral part of France Australia, and uses the anthem of Australia as Music by: Peter Emberley its offi cial anthem. The anthem was chosen as the local anthem in 1946, and does not have a local anthem of of this British colony in 1994 as a result of a its own. competition. 8.201002 26 15 8.201002 fi GUAM: ‘Guam Hymn’ / ‘Fanohge Chamoru’ c GUYANA: ‘Green Land of Guyana’ 5 NEPAL (FORMER ANTHEM): ! NEW CALEDONIA (National): [Stand Ye Guamanians] Words by: Archibald Leonard Lukerl ‘Ras Triya Gaan’ [National Song] ‘La Marseillaise’ [The Song of Marseille] Words by: Ramon Manalisay Sablan Music by: Robert Cyril Gladstone Potter Words by: Sri Chakra Pani Chalise Words by: Claude-Joseph Rouget de (English), Lagrimas Untalan (Chamoru) Chosen as the result of a competition one Music by: Dr AM Pathan or Lisle Music by: Ramon Manalisay Sablan month before independence in 1966, the lyrics Bakhat Bahadur Budhapirthi Music by: Claude-Joseph Rouget de Lisle Guam’s local anthem, adopted in 1919, is extol the nation’s natural beauty and its people. In use: 1962–2006 Despite being one of the few French territories always preceded by the American anthem on Originally written as a salute to the king, it to have an offi cial local anthem, ‘La Marseillaise’ offi cial occasions. d HAITI: ‘La Dessalinienne’ gradually became the main song of the country, is still the national anthem. [The Dessalines Song] in 1962 it was codifi ed as the national anthem. fl–‡ GUATEMALA: Words by: Justin Lhérisson @ NEW ZEALAND (National): 6 ‘Himno Nacional de Guatemala’ Music by: Nicolas Geffrard NETHERLANDS: ‘Het Wilhelmus’ ‘God Defend New Zealand’ / ‘Aotearoa’ [National Anthem of Guatemala] Selected on the occasion of Haiti’s centennial [The William] Words by: Thomas Bracken (English), Words by: José Joaquín Palma in 1904, the title honours the nation’s founder, Words by: Philips van Marnix Thomas Henry Smith (Māori) Music by: Rafael Alvarez Ovalle Jean-Jacques Dessalines. van Sint Aldegonde (?) Music by: John Joseph Woods Written as the result of a competition, the author Music by: unknown The music for the existing poem was supposedly of the music was decorated with a gold medal e–f HONDURAS: Known at least since the 16th century as a written in one sitting; a few years later, Māori for his contribution. ‘Himno Nacional de Honduras’ Huguenot melody titled ‘Charles’, the melody is lyrics were written. [National Anthem of Honduras] one of the oldest anthem melodies. — · # NEW ZEALAND (Royal): – GUERNSEY: ‘Sarnia Cherie’ Words by: Augusto Constancio Coello 7 9 [Guernsey Dear] Music by: Carlos Hartling – NETHERLANDS ANTILLES: ‘God Save the Queen’ Words by: George Deighton The history of Honduras, from the arrival of Words by: Zahira Hiliman (English), Words by: unknown Music by: Domencio Santangelo Christopher Columbus to independence from Lucille Berry-Haseth (Papiamento) Music by: unknown Written in 1911 by a theatre manager, its Spain, is recalled in the complete lyrics. Music by: Zahira Hiliman Legally a co-national anthem, it is usually In use: 2000–2010 popularity increased over the years, especially only heard on occasions where the Queen or A group of Caribbean Dutch islands, each island with expatriates. g members of the Royal Family are present. HONG KONG: ‘Yìyǒngjūn Jìnxíngqǔ’ also had its own anthem, which are now used [The March of the Volunteers] after the Netherlands Antilles broke up in 2010. $ ‚ GUINEA: ‘Liberté’ [Liberty] Words by: Tian Han NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR: Words by: unknown Music by: Nie Er 0 ‘Ode to Newfoundland’ Music by: Fodeba Keita Hong Kong never had an anthem of its own; as NEW CALEDONIA (Local): Words by: Charles Cavendish Boyle The melody of Guinea’s anthem, adopted upon a British colony it used the British anthem, and ‘Soyons unis, devenons frères’ Music by: C. Hubert H. Parry independence in 1958, was possibly based on now as a region of China uses its anthem. [Let us be united, Let us become The ‘Ode to Newfoundland’ was composed in an old folk tune. brothers] 1902, while it was a British dominion. It retains h–i HUNGARY: ‘Himnusz’ [Hymn] Words by: Chorale Melodia the anthem as a province of Canada. a–b GUINEA-BISSAU: Words by: Ferenc Kölcsey Music by: Chorale Melodia % ‘Esta é Nossa Pátria Bem Amada’ Music by: Ferenc Erkel The words and melody of this anthem was NICARAGUA: ‘Salve a ti, Nicaragua’ composed by seven 10 to 13 year-old girls, [This Is Our Beloved Country] Written in 1823, the anthem is set in the 17th [Hail to Thee, Nicaragua] members of a local choral group. Words by: Amilcar Lopes Cabral century when Hungary’s territory was divided Words by: Salomón Ibarra Mayorga Music by: Xiao He between three nations. Music by: traditional A Chinese musician offered to compose an (arranged by Luis Abraham Delgadillo) anthem, using African music for inspiration. The melody was originally an 18th century It was adopted upon independence. liturgical work from Spain, after a period of disuse; it was recreated from memory in 1910. 8.201002 16 25 8.201002 ° MONTSERRAT: ‘Motherland’ d–e MYANMAR: ‘Kaba Ma Kyei’ VOLUME 5 8 IRAN: ‘Soroud-e Melli-e Jomhouri-e Words by: Howard Fergus [Till the End of the World, Myanmar] Eslami-e Iran’ [National Anthem of the Music by: George Irish Words by: Saya Tin 1–2 HUTT RIVER: ‘It’s A Hard Land’ Islamic Republic of Iran] In 2013, a referendum on an offi cial national Music by: Saya Tin Words by: Keith Kerwin Words by: written collectively song, which culminated in a showcase of the As per custom, singers of the anthem give a Music by: Keith Kerwin Music by: Hassan Riahi fi nalists, resulted in ‘Motherland’ being adopted. small bow upon the conclusion of their singing The anthem of this micronation was The anthem was changed in 1990 upon the as a sign of respect. commissioned by the nation’s founder of the death of Ayatollah Khomeni; the new anthem · MONTSERRAT (National): Australian band. The Foster Brothers after a TV was the result of a competition. ‘God Save the Queen’ appearance in 1984. Words by: unknown VOLUME 7 9–0 IRAQ: ‘Mawtini’ [My Homeland] Music by: unknown 3–4 ICELAND: ‘Lofsöngur’ [Song of Praise] Words by: Ibrahim Touqan Several local patriotic songs exist in this British 1 NAGORNO-KARABAKH: ‘Azat u ankakh Words by: Matthías Jochumsson Music by: Mohammad Flayfel Caribbean island, but for offi cial functions, the Artsakh’ [Free and Independent Artsakh] Music by: Sveinbjörn Sveinbjörnsson ‘Mawtini’ is a popular song throughout the British national anthem is used. Words by: Vardan Hakobian The lyrics were written by a local pastor based Arab world, and was a natural choice for a Music by: Armen Nassibian on Psalm 90 as a celebration of the 1000th new anthem following the ousting of Saddam ‚ a – MOROCCO: ‘Hymne Chérifi en’ An Armenian area within Azerbaijan, whose anniversary of the fi rst Norse settlement. Hussein. [Hymn of the Sharif] government is closely tied with Armenia’s, they 5 Words by: Ali Squalli Houssaini use a different anthem for their nation. INDIA: ‘Jana-Gana-Mana’ ! IRAQ (FORMER ANTHEM): Music by: Léo Morgan [Thou Art The Ruler of the Minds ‘Ardh Alforatain’ [Land of Two Rivers] Used during the time Morocco was a French 2 NAMIBIA: ‘Namibia, Land of the Brave’ of All People] Words by: Shafi q Abdul Jabar Al-Kamali protectorate, the music was kept upon 1956 Words by: Axali Doeseb Words by: Rabindranath Tagore Music by: Walid Georges Gholmieh independence, new lyrics were adopted in Music by: Axali Doeseb Music by: Rabindranath Tagore In use: 1981–2004 1970. After a contest was held to select a national The lyrics honour the various ethnic and cultural The two rivers referenced in the song are the anthem, the winner was the director of a groups of India; the music is reminiscent of the Tigris and Euphrates, the third verse praised b MOZAMBIQUE: ‘Pátria Amada’ Kalahari traditional music group. style of music native to that country. Saddam Hussein’s party. [Lovely Fatherland] @ Words by: Salomão J. Manhiça 3 NAURU: ‘Nauru Bwiema’ [Song of Nauru] 6–7 INDONESIA: ‘Indonesia Raya’ IRELAND: ‘Amhrán na bhFiann’ Music by: unknown Words by: Margaret Hendrie [Great Indonesia] [The Soldier’s Song] The anthem was adopted in 2002 to refl ect Music by: Laurence Henry Hicks Words by: Wage Rudolf Soepratman Words by: Peadar Kearney (English), the new multi-party democratic nature of the Nauru’s anthem was composed by an Music by: Wage Rudolf Soepratman Liam Ó Rinn (Irish) country. Australian squadron leader, and adopted when The song fi rst appeared in 1928 as the song of Music by: Patrick Heeney and Peadar Kearney independence was attained from Australia in the party working towards independence from First appearing in 1912, only the chorus was c MOZAMBIQUE (FORMER ANTHEM): 1968. the Dutch. adopted as the anthem in 1926. Originally in ‘Viva, Viva a FRELIMO’ English, the more common Irish words came [Long Live FRELIMO] 4 NEPAL: ‘Sayaun Thunga Phool Ka’ later. Words by: Justino Sigaulane Chemane [Hundreds of Flowers] Music by: Justino Sigaulane Chemane Words by: Pradeep Kumar Rai In use: 1975–2002 Music by: Ambar Gurung The lyrics and title praise the political party that After the monarchy was deposed in 2006, the brought Mozambique its independence in 1975. pro-monarchy anthem was replaced with a new one praising Nepal’s diversity.

8.201002 24 17 8.201002 # ISLE OF MAN: * JAMAICA (National): ∞ MAURITIUS: ‘Motherland’ ⁄ MOLDOVA: ‘Limba noastră’ ‘Arrane Ashoonagh Dy Vannin’ ‘Jamaica, Land We Love’ Words by: Jean Georges Prosper [Our Tongue] [Isle of Man National Anthem] Words by: Hugh Braham Sherlock Music by: Philippe Gentil Words by: Alexei Mateevici Words by: William Henry Gill (English), Music by: Robert Charles Lightbourne The lyrics were the result of a national Music by: Alexandru Cristea John J. Kneen (Manx) The music and lyrics of the national anthem competition; a member of the local police band The anthem praises ‘our language’ – the Music by: traditional were created separately from each other; then set the winning lyrics to music. language is not named in the anthem. The While the lyrics date from the early 20th they were later combined to form the national Moldovan language is the same as the century, the melody goes back to a traditional anthem. § MAYOTTE: ‘La Marseillaise’ Romanian language. Manx melody from 1770 called ‘Mylecharaine’s [The Song of Marseille] March’. ( JAMAICA (Royal): ‘God Save the Queen’ Words by: Claude-Joseph Rouget de Lisle ¤ MONACO: ‘A Marcia de Muneghu’ Words by: unknown Music by: Claude-Joseph Rouget de Lisle [The March of Monaco] $ ISRAEL: ‘Hatikvah’ [The Hope] Music by: unknown Since 2011, Mayotte has been an integral part Words by: Louis Notari Words by: Naftali Herz Imber Since Queen Elizabeth is the head of state of of France, and was the only Comoro island to Music by: Charles Albrecht Music by: traditional, Jamaica, the anthem ‘God Save the Queen’ is remain under French rule. The anthem’s lyrics, written in 1931, are arranged by Shmuel Cohen used in Jamaica as the royal anthem. seldom heard; the piece is often performed The melody has a long history as a folk song of ¶ MEXICO: ‘Himno Nacional Mexicano’ instrumentally. unknown origin, appearing in several European ) JAPAN: ‘Kimigayo’ [His Majesty’s Reign] [National Anthem of Mexico] folk songs and religious music. Words by: unknown Words by: Francisco González ‹–› MONGOLIA: ‘Mongol ulsyn töriin duulal’ Music by: Hiromori Hayashi Bocanegra % ^ [National Anthem of Mongolia] – ITALY: ‘Il Canto degli Italiani’ The lyrics fi rst appear in a collection of poems Music by: Jaime Nunó Roca Words by: Tsendiin Damdinsuren [The Song of the Italians] from the 10th century. The music refl ects the Urged by his fi ancée to submit lyrics in the Music by: Bilegiin Damdinsuren and Words by: Goffredo Mameli musical chants in the imperial court. national anthem contest, one of Mexico’s Luvsanjamts Murjorj Music by: Michele Novaro leading poets drew inspiration from Mexican The music of Mongolia’s anthem has been in Adopted when Italy became a republic in 1947, ¡ JERSEY: ‘Isle de Siez Nous’ / history. place since 1950 during Communist rule, but it was written 100 years earlier, during the Italian ‘Island Home’ the lyrics have changed three times in that struggle for unifi cation. Words by: Gerard Le Feuvre •–ª MICRONESIA: ‘Patriots of Micronesia’ period. Music by: Gerard Le Feuvre Words by: unknown & IVORY COAST: ‘L’Abidjanaise’ The music was inspired by the sounds of Jersey Music by: unknown fi–‡ MONTENEGRO: ‘Oj, svijetla majska zoro’ [Song of Abidjan] wildlife (the opening three notes, played two The tune is a German folk tune from 1820 known [Oh, Bright Dawn of May] Words by: Mathieu Ekra, octaves lower, are the lowing of a Jersey cow). as ‘Gelübde’, it also appears in Mahler’s Third Words by: Sekula Drljević Joachim Bony and Pierre Marie Coty Symphony and Brahms’ ‘Festival Overture’. Music by: unknown Music by: Pierre Marie Coty and ™ JERSEY: ‘Ma Normandie’ (arrangement based on a harmonization º Pierre Michel Pango (‘My Normandy’) MICRONESIA (FORMER ANTHEM): by Zarko Mikovic) When the anthem was adopted in 1960, the Words by: Frédéric Bérat ‘Preamble’ Adopted when Montenegro became capital was Abidjan, it has since moved to Music by: Frédéric Bérat Words by: unknown independent in 2004, the song was well known Yamoussoukro, but Abidjan remains the largest In use: 1836–2008 Music by: unknown in the country as a folk song. city. Also used in the Normandy region of France, In use: 1979–1991 the anthem mentions Normandy and France The lyrics of Micronesia’s fi rst anthem and is written in French, but does not mention were largely based on the preamble of the Jersey. Micronesian constitution.

8.201002 18 23 8.201002 0 MADEIRA: ‘Hino da Região Autónoma ^ MALLORCA: ‘La Balanguera’ £–¢ JORDAN: ª–º KIRIBATI: ‘Teirake kaini Kiribati’ da Madeira’ [Hymn of the Words by: Joan Alcover i Maspons ‘As-salam al-malaki al-urdoni’ [Stand Up, Kiribati] Autonomous Region of Madeira] Music by: Amadeu Vives [Long Live the King of Jordan] Words by: Urium Tamuera Ioteba ‘La Balanguera’, an anthem for the entire Words by: Ornelas Teixeira Words by: Abdul-Mone’m Al-Rifai’ Music by: Urium Tamuera Ioteba Music by: João Victor Costa Balearic Island chain, is based on an ancient Music by: Abdul-Qader Al-Taneer Written and composed by Urium Tamuera Adopted in 1980, this autonomous region Mallorcan children’s song. Jordan has a short version of the anthem (heard Ioteba, the lyrics are a plea to the people to love of Portugal has an anthem used for local each other and promote happiness. & * on this disc) and a longer, ‘full’ version for formal representation. – MALTA: ‘L-Innu Malti’ [The Hymn of Malta] occasions. Words by: Dun Karm Psaila ⁄–¤ NORTH KOREA: ‘Aegukka’ ! Music by: Robert Sammut MALAWI: ‘Mulungu dalitsa Malawi’ / ∞ KAZAKHSTAN: ‘Meniñ Qazaqstanım’ [Patriotic Song] ‘Oh God Bless Our Land of Malawi’ The lyricist was inspired to write a national Words by: Pak Se Yong anthem in the form of a prayer to bind together [My Kazakhstan] Words by: Michael-Fredrick Paul Sauka Words by: Zhumeken Nazhimedenov Music by: Kim Won Gyun the country with the commonality of prayer. Music by: Michael-Fredrick Paul Sauka and Nursultan Nazarbayev Sharing a title with South Korea’s anthem, it With offi cial lyrics in both Chichewa and praises the country rather than the Worker’s ( ¡ Music by: Shamshi Kaldayakov English, the anthem resembles other songs and – MARSHALL ISLANDS: Written in 1958 when Kazakhstan was part of Party or any of the leaders. anthems in southern Africa. ‘Forever Marshall Islands’ the Soviet Union, Kazakhstan’s fi rst president Words by: Amata Kabua modifi ed the lyrics, making him a co-author. ‹–› SOUTH KOREA: ‘Aegukga’ @ MALAYSIA: ‘Negaraku’ [My Country] Music by: Amata Kabua [Patriotic Song] Words by: collectively, The music and lyrics were written by the fi rst § KAZAKHSTAN (FORMER ANTHEM): Words by: Yun Ch’i-Ho or An Ch’ang-Ho president of the islands, who was formerly a led by Tunku Abdul Rahman ‘Qazaqstan Respwblïkasınıñ Memlekettik Music by: Ahn Eaktay Music by: Pierre Jean de Beranger school teacher and local chief. Änuranı’ [National Anthem of the Originally using the tune of the Scottish folk The anthem of the state of Perak was chosen song ‘Auld Lang Syne’, new music was written Republic of Kazakhstan] as the anthem of Malaysia in 1957, the melody ™ MARTINIQUE: ‘La Marseillaise’ in 1937 and adopted by the government in exile. Words by: Muzafar Alimbayev, comes from a popular song in the Seychelles. [The Song of Marseille] Kadyr Myrzaliyev), fi Words by: Claude-Joseph Rouget Tumanbai Moldagaliyev, Zhadyra Daribayeva KOSOVO: ‘Europe’ # MALDIVES: ‘Gaumee Salaam’ de Lisle Music by: Mukan Tulebayev, Eugeny Brusilovsky, Music by: Mendi Mengjiqi [National Salute] Music by: Claude-Joseph Rouget de Lisle Latif Khamidi One of the few national anthems without lyrics, Words by: Mohamed Jameel Didi As a department of France (situated in the In use: 1992–2006 this may be to avoid favouritism to any one Music by: Wannakuwattawaduge Caribbean Sea), Martinique has no local Upon independence, Kazakhstan continued ethnic group. The title pays respect to the EU. Don Amaradeva anthem, and uses the French anthem for all use of the anthem used while part of the USSR, Originally using the tune of the Scottish folksong occasions. however new lyrics were written. fl–‡ KURDISTAN: ‘Ey Reqîb’ (Hey Guard) ‘Auld Lang Syne’, a new tune was created on Words by: Yunis ‘Dildar’ Rauf £ ¢ the occasion of a visit from Queen Elizabeth. – MAURITANIA: ¶–• KENYA: ‘Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu’: Music by: unknown [National Anthem of Mauritania] Several autonomous Kurdish groups have used $ % [Oh God of All Creation] – MALI: ‘Le Mali’ Words by: unknown Words by: Graham Hyslop, the song as an anthem since the author was Words by: Seydou Badian Kouyaté Music by: Rajih Sami Daoud Thomas Kalume, Peter Kibukosya, jailed in 1938 for his political beliefs. Music by: Banzoumana Sissoko Based on a referendum a few months earlier, Washington Omondi and George W. Senoga-Zake The music is based on an old folk tune, possibly Mauritania’s anthem was changed in November Music by: traditional, adapted by Graham Hyslop, dating from the Mali Empire of the 13th century. 2017. The composer of the new anthem is an Thomas Kalume, Peter Kibukosya, Egyptian. Washington Omondi and George W. Senoga-Zake The music of the anthem was based on a traditional Kenyan folk song, sung by mothers to their children. 8.201002 22 19 8.201002 ° KUWAIT: ‘Al-Nasheed Al-Watani’ c–d LATVIA: ‘Dievs, svētī Latviju!’ k LIBYA (FORMER ANTHEM): 5 LUXEMBOURG (Royal): ‘Wilhelmus’ [National Anthem] [God Bless Latvia] ‘Allahu Akbar’ [God Is Greatest] Words by: Nikolaus Welter Words by: Ahmad Mushari Al-Adwani Words by: Kārlis Baumanis Words by: Mahmoud El-Sherif Music by: unknown Music by: Ibrahim Nasir Al-Soula Music by: Kārlis Baumanis Music by: Abdalla Shams El-Din Originating in a cavalry fanfare, it was fi rst Like Jordan, there is a formal ‘full’ version of the ‘Dievs, svētī Latviju!’ was the fi rst song to In use: 1969–2011 used as a royal anthem in 1919, when a royal anthem in addition to the short version heard include the word ‘Latvia’ in the lyrics, written as Originally used as a battle song for the Egyptian wedding inspired lyrics honouring the royals. here. an act of defi ance against Russia. army, the Egyptian origin was no longer mentioned in Libya after Egypt’s peace with 6 MACAU: ‘Yìyǒngjūn Jìnxíngqǔ’ ·–‚ KYRGYZSTAN: ‘Kyrgyz Respublikasynyn e–f LEBANON: [Lebanese National Anthem] Israel. [The March of the Volunteers] Mamlekettik Gimni’ [National Anthem of Words by: Rachid Nakhlé Words by: Tian Han the Kyrgyz Republic] Music by: Wadih Sabra Music by: Nie Er Words by: Djamil Sadykov and The composer of the anthem was trained in VOLUME 6 Until 1999, Macau was a Portuguese colony Eshmambet Kuluev France and the music is a blend of Western and and used its national anthem, as a region of Music by: Nasyr Davlesov and Eastern styles. 1 LIECHTENSTEIN: ‘Oben am jungen China it now uses the Chinese anthem. Kalyi Moldobasanov Rhein’ [High Above the Young Rhine] 7 8 Unlike other post-Soviet Central Asian g LESOTHO: ‘Lesotho fatse la bo ntat’a rona’ Words by: Jakob Joseph Jauch – MACEDONIA (changed to NORTH nations, Kyrgyzstan adopted a new anthem on [Lesotho, Land of our Fathers] Music by: unknown MACEDONIA in February 2019): independence, reminiscent of local music. Words by: François Coillard The melody of ‘God Save the Queen’ was ‘Denes Nad Makedonija’ Music by: Ferdinand-Samuel Laur popular in central European anthems in the mid [Today Over Macedonia] a LAOS: ‘Pheng Xat Lao’ The melody can be traced to a Swiss song 19th century; Liechtenstein retains it to this day. Words by: Vlado Maleski [Hymn of the Lao People] called ‘Freiheit’ [Freedom] from around 1823; a Music by: Todor Skalovski Words by: Sisana Sisane French missionary wrote the lyrics. 2–3 LITHUANIA: ‘Tautiška giesmė’ Recalling a Macedonian rebellion in 1903, Music by: Dr. Thongdy Sounthonevichit [The National Song] the anthem was used while in Yugoslavia First adopted when the Kingdom of Laos was h LIBERIA: ‘All Hail, Liberia Hail!’ Words by: Vincas Kudirka and adopted by the Republic of Macedonia created in 1947, the lyrics were changed in 1975 Words by: Daniel Bashiel Warner Music by: Vincas Kudirka in 1991. after the communists deposed the monarchy. Music by: Olmstead Luca While Lithuania was still part of Czarist Russia, The words were adopted upon the nation’s poet Vincas Kudirka wrote a 50 word poem on 9 MADAGASCAR: b LAPLAND: ‘Sámi Soga Lávlla’ / founding in 1847, written by its third president; Lithuania and set it to music. ‘Ry Tanindraza nay malala ô’ ‘Sää´msooǥǥ laul’ / ‘Säämi suuvâ laavlâ’ the music is from 1860. [Oh, Our Beloved Fatherland] [Song of the Sami People] 4 LUXEMBOURG (National): i j Words by: Vlado Maleski Words by: Isak Saba – LIBYA: ‘Libya, Libya, Libya’ ‘Ons Heemecht’ [Our Motherland] Music by: Todor Skalovski Music by: Arne Sørli Words by: Al Baschir Al Arebi Words by: Michel Lentz The music, composed by a music teacher, The anthem of the Sami people (the inhabitants Music by: Mohamad Abdel Wahab Music by: Jean-Antoine Zinnen was combined with lyrics by a local priest of Lapland), the author of the original poem was Upon the ouster of the Qaddafi regime, the The anthem was fi rst performed in 1864 in to create the anthem in 1959, a year before the fi rst Sami in the Norwegian legislature. new government restored the anthem fi rst Ettelbruck, where the Alzette and Sauer rivers independence. introduced upon independence. meet, these rivers are also mentioned in the anthem.

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