Jurnal Syntax Transformation Vol. 1 No. 9, November 2020 p-ISSN : 2721-3854 e-ISSN : 2721-2769 Sosial Sains

SPORTS INDUSTRY DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC PERIOD (A CASE STUDY OF THE COLLABORATION BETWEEN PSSI AND STAKEHOLDERS)

Uden Kusuma Wijaya Universitas Depok Jawa Barat, Indonesia Email: [email protected]

INFO ARTIKEL ABSTRAK Diterima 2 November 2020 Football in Indonesia is under the auspices of PSSI (Football Diterima dalam bentuk revisi Association of Indonesia). During the Covid-19 pandemic, the 15 November 2020 challenges were thoughtful, including the temporary Diterima dalam bentuk revisi suspension of the Indonesian League. This situation raised the 20 November 2020 pros and cons because clubs have to pay and also manage Kata kunci: football management during a pandemic. The theory used in Sports Business; Soccer this study is organizational innovation theory, and the second League; Covid-19. is management theory during the Covid-19 pandemic. This qualitative study gained the data collection from secondary sources and also previous research information. This research used the comparative study to analyze the data. By the end of this research, it answered how the PSSI response and what steps were taken by the government, especially the ministries, football clubs and the managements to organize the club and carry out the league again during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Introduction The club understands that safety is The Indonesian national football team paramount. According to Ferry Paulus as the is currently ranked 191 in the world. Based on sporting director of Persija data quoted from (Wunderlich & Memmert, (Indonesian Football Association of Jakarta), 2016), this ranking was the worst in the he felt that PSSI had made the right decision. history of Indonesian football. During the Meanwhile, for Madura United, through Covid-19 pandemic, all majority activities Haruna Soemitro, stated that football is a were stopped, including League 1 and League livelihood, not life, so life certainly takes 2 in Indonesia. League 1 and League 2 precedence. The health aspect certainly competitions were originally suspended for should be prioritized considering that football two weeks from 16 March. The Covid-19 matches are very likely to be a means of outbreak continues to increase. This situation spreading Covid 19. But dismissing the triggered the directives from the President, league provides a lot of homework for the Police, and BNPB to implement the large- club, especially regarding player salaries. In scale social restriction. As a result, PSSI the letter, PSSI allows clubs to pay players Decree was issued stating March to June 2020 and officials 25 percent of the previously as the 2020 season competition can start again agreed contract value. In response to this, on July 1, 2020 if the government does not several clubs began to raise their voices. extend the emergency status. The new Borneo FC, through team manager Farid emergency status is set until May 29, but if it Abubakar, hopes that players can understand is finally extended, the 2020 season the policy of cutting wages. competition will be terminated.

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"I think all the players in Borneo also Clubs and players will certainly understand. At least as long as they are not experience various difficult conditions employed, they will also have an income, because of Covid-19. Players do not get a full ”said Farid. salary but have to maintain a fit condition Club income will clearly decrease, when the competition starts again. The club is especially income from tickets so that salary in a difficult economic situation so that cuts can ease the burden on the club. Even so, several decisions must be taken such as (Indonesian Football cutting wages, but should maintain good Association of Tanggerang) hopes that PSSI relations with players. PSSI as the umbrella will clarify the technicality of cutting wages for Indonesian football have to take decisions so that they can be well received by all based on government directions and make parties. "Therefore, we hope that PSSI will be policies so that conditions for clubs and involved in this situation, at least to clarify players remain stable. Football fans must be the technicality of determining the percentage patient to return to watching matches and of wages that will be given during this undergo government directions so that the emergency period," said the manager of spread of Covid-19 can be suppressed. Persita Tanggerang, I Nyoman Suryanthara. From the above background, this study Since the postponement of League 1, almost aims to examine comparative studies of all clubs have suspended training sessions for European competitions that were still running up to a week. originally going back to training during the Covid-19 pandemic. Like the on Monday (23/3) but then again canceled English league, the Spanish league and other like Persija. Quoted from the official website leagues in Europe. These leagues are the of Persija , Bambang Pamungkas as the team barometer of football in the world. In this manager announced the postponement of the case, this is the collaboration between PSSI as training session but stated that the players a football federation in Indonesia, with remained professional by exercising sponsors who support and provide investment independently and maintaining their diet. in each club that participates in League 1 in The new competition will roll on for a Indonesia. So that League activities can be long time, there is even the possibility of carried out during the Covid-19 pandemic. being dismissed, some clubs have allowed their players to return home. On Friday Method (27/2), Borneo made a policy to send players This study uses a qualitative approach home. On the same day, with an exploratory study design (Yin et al., (Indonesian Football Association of 2014) in which this research seeks to Bandung), through coach Robert Alberts, investigate the policies carried out by invited the players to return home, including sponsors, supporters, and fans in general. foreign players if there were still flights to Selection of participants refers to people who their country. Persib is facing an unwanted are the core stakeholders (internal condition. A new player who successfully stakeholders) and also sponsors so that the scored four goals in the first three matches, League can be re-organized in Indonesia. And Wander Luiz tested positive for Covid-19. also the organization of the club which is Quoted from Persib's official website, based on the results of research (Cicut et al., Wander Luiz did not experience symptoms 2017), therefore the 5 participants who were because his immune system was strong so he chosen deliberately (purposive) including carried out independent isolation to avoid club heads, secretaries, coaches, assistant transmission. coaches and players become interview

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respondents. The method used is to collect the suspension induced by each World War primary and secondary data, then process the (Dobson & Gerrard, 2010). But this is a data according to the theory used. tentative parallel, as the results here suggest that in the early stages of the European Result and Discussion COVID-19 outbreak there was already a The impact of COVID-19 on audience substantial negative demand response, demand for football. But the reality is that the suggestive of the implied risk of infection, opposite relationship is equally relevant: what even when the disease was significant and its impact will professional football and direct implications are equally underestimated by spectator sports have on the spread of the politicians. virus? Social distancing measures saw fan The elite European football clubs stoppages at many stadiums in Western represented in the study are likely to survive Europe starting March 2020, as the pandemic the outbreak financially, given their access to was brought under control. sizable funds in addition to receiving match There is some historical evidence that day gates. But professional football below that major sporting events can have a significant level is still largely dependent on gaining fans impact on public health. There is evidence of on match days. By forensically studying the an increase in influenza infection rates from 2018/19 accounts of professional football the 2002 Winter Olympics (Gundlapalli et al., clubs in England and Wales, (Otto et al., 2006) and the 2006 FIFA World Cup 2020). has found that most of these companies (Schenkel et al., 2006). More convincing were already on the verge of bankruptcy prior evidence is found by studying the annual to loss of income and asset write-offs, that is, National Soccer League Super Bowl. Using a player ratings, due to COVID-19. That result difference-in-differences approach, (Stoecker is to imply that the club will likely face huge et al., 2016). found that cities in the United ongoing losses even after they are able to fully States represented in the Super Bowl reopen their stadium, as crowd demand will experienced an 18% increase in deaths from decrease as long as there is a constant risk of influenza. Nonetheless, part of understanding being infected in matches. when allowing fans to return to sports From fans to returning to football stadiums is knowing how far the demand will stadiums when social distancing measures are be reduced by the risk of ongoing infection. In relaxed. The clubs may have to become very other words, if fans are allowed to return flexible and agile with the dynamic ticket tomorrow, will quite a few actually show up prices to get started, until they understand and gather in such a way that social distancing how their customer base has changed. in the stadium, concourse and surroundings is Learning from experience when this has been practical? implemented by sport organization in the past The result is that overshadows the (Shapiro & Drayer, 2012), and specifically for possibility that spectator sports will recover football, (Kemper & Breuer, 2016), also see even when social distancing measures are (Shah et al., 2019), for a survey on the relaxed by the government. One argument is economics of sports ticket prices). (Kemper & that there will be a pent-up demand effect, Breuer, 2016) show that ticket prices for home which could offset or even override the games in Derby County F.C., a team in the negative effects of the ongoing risk of second tier of English football, systematically COVID-19 infection. Two of the most increase over time from the base starting price sustained increases in attendance in the when the stadium fills up to the day of the history of British football have occurred after match.

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This shows that football fans are strength, endurance, capacity and speed of shortsighted. With stadium capacity high-intensity intermittent training. It is potentially being limited when crowds are imperative that the player is progressively allowed to return to stadiums after COVID- exposed to the training game during this 19, clubs can take advantage of their fans' phase. Online supplementary 2 contains the tendency to buy tickets late by raising prices main objectives, organization and significantly in the days leading up to recommended exercise types for each phase, matches. and references for optimal load management In a world with social distancing and during each training phase. people worried about the risk of catching or The task force's proposals for the transmitting COVID-19, teams can also competition calendar and in-game rule change search for 'friends and family' group tickets. If allowance cover a minimum training period of the restrictions imposed by the authorities 4–6 weeks between the first day of training at involve a minimum distance between the the team facility to the first official match. number of households in the public space, This period is recommended for a then group price discounts can increase confinement period of more than 30 days, income by filling a larger proportion of seats. which is the current scenario for most football We find little evidence of the extent to which leagues, as a suitable number of pre-season elite football clubs have implemented family training sessions may entail a 'healthier' end to discounts, but (Clowes & Clements, 2010). soccer competitions. Furthermore, the task found that this was rare more than two force recommends continuing competition decades ago in the Premier League, with an official match distribution that secures suggesting that clubs see little added value in at least 72 hours between matches. This will them. COVID-19 can change this. result in a less dense ball calendar with the Meanwhile, according to FIFA, the potential to reduce injury rates. Task Force recommends a two-phase Other recommendations include two mesocycle for the first 4 weeks of training: outstanding substitutions (for a total of five initially, a short retraining phase followed by substitutions per match), the use of a must- a special football performance phase. The pause refresh at the 30th and 75th minutes of retraining phase should begin with a basic but the match to allow in-game recovery and the broad-spectrum assessment of the player's use of low-solar and low-solar match physical condition (strength, endurance, joint schedules. Lowest possible ambient mobility and body composition). Soccer temperature, especially in games played in specific tests should form the basis for the zones of moderate to high relative humidity. development of injury prevention strategies Whereas what happened in the Spanish and physical adaptations of players. La Liga was a natural candidate for our goal. Due to the large differences in training First note that Spanish clubs were among the routines performed during confinement, this most extravagant when it came to spending on phase should be done on an individual basis, salaries and compensation costs. Table 1 particularly for players who have tested shows the two highest ranking wages awarded positive for COVID-19 during confinement or in Europe in 1999 and of the largest for those with suspicious symptoms. Once the compensation costs ever paid. Second, desired results from the retraining phase have Spanish clubs were not yet present on the been achieved, the player should progress stock market, contrary to English clubs for towards the specific performance phase of example, and this may have a significant football, including the specific goals of impact on club policy. Apart from being a

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source of finance, the stock market also acts of them is to form a cooperation model with as a limit on expenses and losses because the synergy between sponsors, government, clubs club was responsible for its shareholders. In and also the media in making innovations in Spain, an assembly of people who support a broadcasting League 1 during the Covid-19 team usually elects the club president. As pandemic. So that the synergy pattern of the these people pay more attention to researcher's solution based on the comparison sportsmanship than profits, it seems that non- results is as follows: pecuniary results are very important in prize Figure 1: Synergy of League Cooperation grading for Spanish clubs, exacerbating rental during the Covid-19 Pandemic searches. Indeed, the club president was pressured to raise the level of spending to register the best players. Therefore, this particular context fits perfectly into our study. Another attractive characteristic of the Spanish industry may lie in the fact that the ethnic and cultural pride of some of its clubs reinforces competitive and even aggressive behavior on the demand side of the workforce. Therefore, the team's performance assumes a Sources: Researcher special importance, as a matter of nationalist pride, thereby enhancing rental assessments In the concept of synergy in the case and the associated rates of lease-seeking study of football, the researcher analyzed expenditure. Finally, the Spanish professional based on the results of the comparison that league appears to have fully completed the there must be synergy between the league Bosman revolution as it was one of Europe's club in collaboration with the football most open leagues internationally: In 1999, federation, in this case PSSI as an only 61% of players were Spanish national. organization. It requires the role of the media As a result, some of the best European and in online platform about sports broadcasts in non-European players take part in the Spanish every match. And also the role of sponsors as competition, which was perhaps the strongest an important element in the synergy for the in Europe. running of the league event during the Covid- In Indonesia, we have a League, namely 19 pandemic. Apart from PSSI, League Clubs, the Indonesian League 1. During the Covid-19 Sponsors and Media, there is the role of the Pandemic, this league was deactivated. Even government as a policy maker, in this case the though the League 1 competition has long Ministry of Youth and Sports, the Ministry of been awaited, football fans, sponsors and the Finance, and the Ministry of Tourism. With general public can experience disappointment. this synergy, the researchers are sure that the The reason is that the National Police has just Indonesian league can be held, by still announced that there is no permit for League seriously implementing the standard Health 1 and League 2 match activities. The running protocol. of competition during the Covid-19 pandemic has resulted the league does not become a new Conclusion cluster for the spread of Covid-19. The league events actually can still be A solution model is needed so that the carried out, with the condition by taking financial crisis does not occur in football serious the health prototype such as clubs in organizing football management. One organizing the swab test for all players and

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