DOCSLIB.ORG

Lithological and Sequence Stratigraphic Examination of the Madison Group Marker Beds, Eastern Williston Basin Margin, North Dakota Troy JD

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Lithological and Sequence Stratigraphic Examination of the Madison Group Marker Beds, Eastern Williston Basin Margin, North Dakota Troy JD University of North Dakota UND Scholarly Commons Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects 2013 Lithological and sequence stratigraphic examination of the Madison Group marker beds, eastern Williston Basin margin, North Dakota Troy JD. Skitt University of North Dakota Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.und.edu/theses Part of the Geology Commons Recommended Citation Skitt, Troy JD., "Lithological and sequence stratigraphic examination of the Madison Group marker beds, eastern Williston Basin margin, North Dakota" (2013). Theses and Dissertations. 279. https://commons.und.edu/theses/279 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects at UND Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UND Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LITHOLOGICAL AND SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHIC EXAMINATION OF THE MADISON GROUP MARKER BEDS, EASTERN WILLISTON BASIN MARGIN, NORTH DAKOTA by Troy JD Skitt Bachelor of Science, Colorado State University, 2011 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of North Dakota In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Grand Forks, North Dakota December 2013 This thesis, submitted by Troy JD Skitt in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science from the University of North Dakota, h;as been read by the Faculty Advisory Committee under whom the work has been done and is hereby approved. ~~~, Dr. Richard LeFever, Chairperson Dr. Nels Forsman, ~ I l/'kA._N14, ·L~e?L. br. Joteph Hartman, ~_// This thesis is being submitted by the appointed advisory committee as having met all of the requirements of the School of Graduate Studies at the University of North Dakota and is hereby approved. Dean, School of Graduate Studies b<_(..~ ,a, ;Jo13 Date ii PERMISSION Title Lithological and Sequence Stratigraphic Examination of the Madison Group Marker Beds, Eastern Williston Basin Margin, North Dakota Department Geology and Geological Engineering Degree Master of Science In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a graduate degree from the University of North Dakota, I agree that the library of this University shall make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for extensive copying for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor who supervised my thesis work or, in their absence, by the chairperson of the department or the dean of the School of Graduate Studies. It is understood that any copying or publication or other use of this thesis or part thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of North Dakota in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis. Name: Troy JD Skitt Date: 12/5/2013 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. vii ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. viii CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 1 Geographic and Stratigraphic Setting…………………………………………………………….. 1 Geological Setting………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4 Previous Works……………………………………………………………………………………………… 6 Purpose…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 7 II. METHODS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8 III. LITHOTYPES DESCRIPTIONS………………………………………………………………………………….. 10 Anhydrite Lithotype………………………………………………………………………………… 10 Dolomudstone Lithotype………………………………………………………………………… 10 Dolomitic Sandstone Lithotype………………………………………………………………. 14 Calc-mud/wackestone Lithotype……………………………………………………………. 16 Grain-supported Lithotype……………………………………………………………………… 20 Skeletal Wackestone Lithotype……………………………………………………………….. 22 IV. DEPOSITIONAL INTERPRETATIONS………………………………………………………………………. 25 Dolomudstone Lithotype………………………………………………………………………… 25 Grain-supported Lithotype……………………………………………………………………… 28 v Calc-mud/wackestone Lithotype……………………………………………………………. 29 Dolomitic Sandstone Lithotype………………………………………………………………. 31 Anhydrite Lithotype……………………………………………………………………………….. 33 Skeletal Wackestone Lithotype…………………………………………….................... 34 V. MARKER CHARACTERISTICS…………………………………………………………………………………. 36 State A…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 36 Sherwood Argillaceous Marker (S.A.M.)………………………………………………………. 39 K-1…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 44 K-2…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 47 K-3…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 49 VI. SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY………………………………………………………………………………….. 53 Overview………………………………………………………………………………………………… 53 Dolomudstone Dominated Markers………………………………………………………. 56 Dolomitic Sandstone Dominated Markers……………………………………………… 57 VII. ORGANIC-RICH SHALES………………………………………………………………………………………… 61 VIII. CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 63 APPENDICES……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 67 REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 132 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Study area with location of cores used in this study and marker present in core at each location.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2 2. Gamma ray type curve of Frobisher-Alida markers and subintervals examined in the study………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3 3. Paleozoic and Mesozoic stratigraphic column of the Williston Basin………………………… 5 4. Anhydrite lithotype…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11 5. Dolomudstone lithotype…………………………………………………………………………………………… 13 6. Dolomitic sandstone lithotype………………………………………………………………………………….. 15 7. Calc-mud/wackestone lithotype……………………………………………………………………………….. 18 8. Grain-supported lithotype………………………………………………………………………………………… 21 9. Skeletal wackestone lithotype………………………………………………………………………………….. 24 10. Approximate paleoshoreline of the Rival subinterval mirroring a prominent facies change (adapted from Lindsay, 1988)……………………………………………………………………….. 37 11. Approximate extent of each marker (dashed) with paleoshoreline (solid) identified at facies change from evaporites to the east to carbonates to the west………………….. 40 12. Cross section of gamma ray/compensated neutron density logs showing S.A.M. facies change from the dolomudstone lithotype to the cyclic, argillaceous and allochem-rich rocks of the calc-mud/wackestone and grain-supported lithotypes………………………… 43 13. Second, third, and fourth-order sequence orders found within the Madison Group and Late Devonian and Mississippian strata……………………………………………………………… 55 14. Fourth-order sequence stratigraphy with prominent surfaces and relative sea-level curve for dolomudstone dominated markers (State A, State A2, and S.A.M.)…………. 58 15. Fourth-order sequence stratigraphy with prominent surfaces and relative sea-level curve for dolomitic sandstone dominated markers (K-1, K-2, and K-3)…………………….. 60 vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis would not have been possible without the help of many people. I would first like to thank my committee members, Dr. Richard LeFever, Dr. Nels Forsman, and Dr. Joseph Hartman for guiding my research and providing crucial feedback throughout my studies. A special thanks goes to the North Dakota Geological Survey for access to the core library, well logs, and well files which provided me with the tools to accomplished this research. Additional appreciation is given for funding sample analyses. Thank you to Kent Holland for locating and retrieving cores, and the rest of the staff at the Wilson M. Laird Core Library. Especially to Julie LeFever for her invaluable assistances with identification and interpretation of various matters associated with my project. I would like to thank the University of North Dakota’s department of Geology and Geological Engineering for funding my studies and providing me with the materials needed to succeed. Also, thank you to Weatherford Laboratories for evaluating my samples for organic carbon. Last, but certainly not least, I would like thank my family. If not for your encouragement, love, and support none of this would have been possible. vii ABSTRACT The Frobisher-Alida interval consists of eight log-defined subintervals or “beds” within the Mississippian upper Mission Canyon and lower Charles Formations of the Madison Group in the Williston Basin. The subintervals are composed of predominantly evaporite and carbonate lithologies, and include in descending order: 1) Midale, 2) Rival, 3) Bluell, 4) Sherwood, 5) Mohall, 6) Glenburn, 7) Wayne, and 8) Landa. The top of the lower six subintervals are separated by thin but areal extensive log-defined markers of contrasting lithologies and include in descending order: 1) State A, 2) Sherwood Argillaceous Marker (S.A.M.), 3) K-1, 4) K-2, 5) K-3, and 6) Landa Marker. An additional localized marker, State A2, is identified defining the lower boundary of an Upper Bluell subinterval. This study focuses on the lithologic and sequence stratigraphic significance of markers with the exception of the Landa Marker. The area studied covers Burke, Mountrail, Renville, Ward, western Bottineau and northwestern McHenry Counties in North Dakota. Geologically, the region is situated on the eastern flank of the Williston Basin; characterized by a shallow dipping (between 0.25 and 0.5 degrees) carbonate platform of an epicontinental sea on the western flank of the North American craton. Seventy-three marker descriptions were
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ennis 30 X 60 Text–MBMG
    GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE ENNIS 30' x 60' QUADRANGLE MADISON AND GALLATIN COUNTIES, MONTANA, AND PARK COUNTY, WYOMING by Karl S. Kellogg* and Van S. Williams* Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 529 2006 * U. S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO Revisions by MBMG This report has been reviewed for conformity with Montana Bureau of Mines & Geology’s technical and editorial standards. Introductory Note This geologic quadrangle map is based almost entirely on the original map by Karl S. Kellogg and Van S. Williams (2000) published by the U.S. Geological Survey as Geologic Investigation Series I-2690, scale 1:100,000. Differences from the original map arise from MBMG’s effort to integrate the Ennis quadrangle data with adjacent MBMG quadrangle maps to establish a seamless geologic coverage in southwest Montana. To this end, some map unit letter symbols have been revised, twelve new units have been added, two units have been dropped, and a few unit text descriptions have been slightly modified. 1 Kalispell MONTANA 15 Great Falls 90 Missoula Helena 94 Butte Bozeman Billings 90 90 15 112°00' R3W R2W R1W R1E R2E R3E R4E R5E 111°00' 45°30' R n o s T4S 287 i d a 191 Mc Allister M Ennis TOBACCO ROOT Lake MOUNTAINS T5S r MADISON CO CO GALLATIN C Ja te ck ni C ra r G Ennis Virginia T6S City 287 A Big Sky CO PARK ld Big Sky e r Meadow Village C Mountain Village r GALLATIN CO GALLATIN G M r C a k a c l o d R T7S l i a s Cameron t o Bea i r C n n r GALLATIN RANGE GRAVELLY R 287 R i i v v RANGE e MADISON RANGE r e T8S Indian Cr r ylor Fo r Ta k R ub r y C T9S R by 191 Ru 45°00' 0246 mile 0 2 46 8 km Figure 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Mannville Group of Saskatchewan
    Saskatchewan Report 223 Industry and Resources Saskatchewan Geological Survey Jura-Cretaceous Success Formation and Lower Cretaceous Mannville Group of Saskatchewan J.E. Christopher 2003 19 48 Printed under the authority of the Minister of Industry and Resources Although the Department of Industry and Resources has exercised all reasonable care in the compilation, interpretation, and production of this report, it is not possible to ensure total accuracy, and all persons who rely on the information contained herein do so at their own risk. The Department of Industry and Resources and the Government of Saskatchewan do not accept liability for any errors, omissions or inaccuracies that may be included in, or derived from, this report. Cover: Clearwater River Valley at Contact Rapids (1.5 km south of latitude 56º45'; latitude 109º30'), Saskatchewan. View towards the north. Scarp of Middle Devonian Methy dolomite at right. Dolomite underlies the Lower Cretaceous McMurray Formation outcrops recessed in the valley walls. Photo by J.E. Christopher. Additional copies of this digital report may be obtained by contacting: Saskatchewan Industry and Resources Publications 2101 Scarth Street, 3rd floor Regina, SK S4P 3V7 (306) 787-2528 FAX: (306) 787-2527 E-mail: [email protected] Recommended Citation: Christopher, J.E. (2003): Jura-Cretaceous Success Formation and Lower Cretaceous Mannville Group of Saskatchewan; Sask. Industry and Resources, Report 223, CD-ROM. Editors: C.F. Gilboy C.T. Harper D.F. Paterson RnD Technical Production: E.H. Nickel M.E. Opseth Production Editor: C.L. Brown Saskatchewan Industry and Resources ii Report 223 Foreword This report, the first on CD to be released by the Petroleum Geology Branch, describes the geology of the Success Formation and the Mannville Group wherever these units are present in Saskatchewan.
    [Show full text]
  • FORT BELKNAP RESERVATION List of Topics
    FORT BELKNAP RESERVATION List of Topics BACKGROUND Reservation Overview Regional Geologic Overview GEOLOGIC OVERVIEW Geologic History Summary of Play Types CONVENTIONAL PLAY TYPES Play 1 - Shallow Cretaceous Biogenic Gas Play Play 2 - Northern Plains Biogenic Gas Play Plays 3,4,5 - Jurassic/Cretaceous and Mississippian Plays UNCONVENTIONAL / HYPOTHETICAL PLAY TYPES Plays 6,7 - Fractured Bakken and Cambrian Sandstone Plays REFERENCES Historical Background of the OVERVIEW (i.e. joint ventures) in contrast to procedures and regulatory minimums imposed Assiniboine and Gros Ventre Tribes at Fort Belknap by the previous 1938 Minerals Leasing Act. The 1982 Act further provides that FORT BELKNAP RESERVATION The Fort Belknap Indian Reservation was created in 1887 as the home for the individual Indian allottees may join agreements negotiated for tribal lands. The Assiniboine and Gros Ventre Tribes Assiniboine and Gros Ventre Indian Tribes. The ancestors of these tribes have section entitled Operating Regulations discusses the procedures for obtaining lived on the northern plains for several centuries. The Assiniboine were allottee participance in the negotiated agreement. recognized by Europeans as part of the great Sioux Nation and speak a Siouan Principal components for the formal corporate proposal should include the TRIBAL HEADQUARTERS: Fort Belknap Agency, Montana language. However, their name is taken from a Chippewa word referring to area(s) of interest, type of contract, elaboration of proposed agreement terms, GEOLOGIC SETTING: Williston Basin "those who cook with stones." At some point in time the Assiniboine bands points of potential negotiation, diligence commitments (i.e. drilling), bonus broke with the traditional Sioux and allied themselves with the Cree.
    [Show full text]
  • TGI Strat Column 2009.Cdr
    STRATIGRAPHIC CORRELATION CHART TGI II: Williston Basin Architecture and Hydrocarbon Potential in Eastern Saskatchewan and Western Manitoba EASTERN MANITOBA PERIOD MANITOBA SUBSURFACE SASKATCHEWAN OUTCROP ERA glacial drift glacial drift glacial drift Quaternary Wood Mountain Formation Peace Garden Peace Garden Member Tertiary Member Ravenscrag Formation CENOZOIC Formation Goodlands Member Formation Goodlands Member Turtle Mountain Turtle Mountain Turtle Frenchman Formation Whitemud Formation Boissevain Formation Boissevain Formation Eastend Formation Coulter Member Coulter Member Bearpaw Formation Odanah Member Belly River “marker” Odanah Member Belly River Formation “lower” Odanah Member Millwood Member Lea Park Formation Millwood Member MONTANA GROUP Pembina Member Pembina Member Pierre Shale Pierre Shale Milk River Formation Gammon Ferruginous Member Gammon Ferruginous Member Niobrara Formation Chalky Unit Boyne Member Boyne Member Boyne Calcareous Shale Unit Member Carlile Morden Member Carlile upper Formation Morden Member Formation Morden Member Carlile Formation Assiniboine Marco Calcarenite Assiniboine Member Member CRETACEOUS Second White Specks Laurier Limestone Beds Favel Favel Keld Keld Member Member Formation Formation Belle Fourche Formation Belle Fourche Member MESOZOIC COLORADO GROUP Belle Fourche Member upper Fish Scale Formation Fish Scale Zone upper Base of Fish Scale marker Base of Fish Scale marker Westgate Formation Westgate Member lower Westgate Member Newcastle Formation Newcastle Member lower Viking Sandstone
    [Show full text]
  • Nano-Petrophysics Study of the Three Forks Formation in The
    NANO-PETROPHYSICS STUDY OF THE THREE FORKS FORMATION IN THE WILLISTON BASIN, NORTH DAKOTA, U.S.A. by DANIEL SAMUEL BAAH Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Arlington in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN GEOLOGY THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON May 2015 Copyright © by Daniel Samuel Baah 2015 All Rights Reserved ii Acknowledgements I would like to begin by thanking God Almighty for His strength, love and grace throughout my research project. Special thanks to my supervisor Dr. Qinhong Hu and my other committee members, Dr. John Wickham and Dr. William Griffith for their support and guidance throughout the project. I would also like to thank the Ms. Julie LeFever and the staff of the Wilson M. Laird Core and Sample Library and the North Dakota Geological Survey for allowing me to use their facilities, photographs, and samples. Lastly, I would like to thank my parents and siblings for their persistent love and support throughout my lifetime of education. Their support in my educational pursuits, their suggestions to improve my work, and also the necessary tools I have needed to succeed in life have ultimately guided me to this point. April 3, 2015 iii Abstract NANO-PETROPHYSICS STUDY OF THE THREE FORKS FORMATION IN THE WILLISTON, NORTH DAKOTA, U.S.A. Daniel Samuel Baah, M.S. The University of Texas at Arlington, 2015 Supervising Professor: Max Qinhong Hu The Late Devonian Three Forks Formation has increasingly become one of the productive plays in the Williston Basin, North Dakota.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydrogeologic Framework for the Madison and Minnelusa Aquifers in the Black Hills Area
    Hydrogeologic Framework for the Madison and Minnelusa Aquifers in the Black Hills Area by Jonathan D.R.G. McKaskey A thesis submitted to the Graduate Division in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING SOUTH DAKOTA SCHOOL OF MINES AND TECHNOLOGY RAPID CITY, SOUTH DAKOTA 2013 Prepared by: _____________________________________ Jonathan D.R.G McKaskey, Degree Candidate Approved by: _____________________________________ Dr. Arden Davis, Major Professor _____________________________________ Dr. Jennifer Benning, Graduate Division Representative _____________________________________ Dr. Kurt Katzenstein, Committee Member _____________________________________ Dr. Andrew Long, Committee Member _____________________________________ Dr. Laurie Anderson, Head of Department of Geology and Geological Engineering _____________________________________ Dr. Douglas Wells, Dean of Graduate Education i Abstract More than 50 percent of the public drinking water systems and more than 90 percent of the population in South Dakota rely solely on groundwater. This dependence on groundwater raises important questions regarding the Madison and Minnelusa aquifers in and near the Black Hills of South Dakota, including groundwater availability, the effects of water use or drought, mixing of regional flow and local recharge, and the effects of capture zones of springs and wells on the groundwater-flow system. These questions are best addressed with a three-dimensional numerical groundwater-flow model that
    [Show full text]
  • Conodont Biostratigraphy of the Bakken and Lower Lodgepole Formations (Devonian and Mississippian), Williston Basin, North Dakota Timothy P
    University of North Dakota UND Scholarly Commons Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects 1986 Conodont biostratigraphy of the Bakken and lower Lodgepole Formations (Devonian and Mississippian), Williston Basin, North Dakota Timothy P. Huber University of North Dakota Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.und.edu/theses Part of the Geology Commons Recommended Citation Huber, Timothy P., "Conodont biostratigraphy of the Bakken and lower Lodgepole Formations (Devonian and Mississippian), Williston Basin, North Dakota" (1986). Theses and Dissertations. 145. https://commons.und.edu/theses/145 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects at UND Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UND Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CONODONT BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE BAKKEN AND LOWER LODGEPOLE FORMATIONS (DEVONIAN AND MISSISSIPPIAN), WILLISTON BASIN, NORTH DAKOTA by Timothy P, Huber Bachelor of Arts, University of Minnesota - Morris, 1983 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of North Dakota in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Grand Forks, North Dakota December 1986 This thesis submitted by Timothy P. Huber in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science from the University of North Dakota has been read by the Faculty Advisory Committee under whom the work has been done, and is hereby approved. This thesis meets the standards for appearance and conforms to the style and format requirements of the Graduate School at the University of North Dakota and is hereby approved.
    [Show full text]
  • Stratigraphy and Depositional Environment of the Upper Mississippian Big Snowy Group in the Bridger Range, Southwest Montana By
    Stratigraphy and depositional environment of the Upper Mississippian Big Snowy Group in the Bridger Range, southwest Montana by Gary Eich Guthrie A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Earth Science Montana State University © Copyright by Gary Eich Guthrie (1984) Abstract: The Big Snowy Group is restricted to a trough which extends from southwest Montana into the Williston basin. Thickness variation of the group on the southern margin of the trough reflects movement of structural elements along an ancient structural weakness located in the central Bridget Range. Field and petrographic data are integrated to determine the depositional environment and stratigraphy of the group and to document the tectonic influence on sedimentation along this zone. The group is divided into the Kibbey Formation, with two informal members, and the Lombard facies of the Heath Formation. The lower Kibbey is supratidal algal laminated dolostone with dessication features and evaporite solution breccias were deposited at the leading edge of the transgressing Big Snowy sea. Siliciclastic intertidal channels on the sabkha are restricted to the central range where subsidence was greatest. The upper Kibbey and Lombard facies provide further evidence of a trough in the central Bridgers. The upper Kibbey is a regressive shoreface deposit composed of fine grained sandstone at the northern and southern ends of the range. Mudstone and siltstone dominate in the center of the range where deeper water and lower energy conditions prevailed. Ultimately, the Kibbey shoreface transgressed out of the area and the Lombard facies was deposited in a partially restricted shelf lagoon.
    [Show full text]
  • Stratigraphic Correlation Chart for Updates, See Stratigraphiccorrelationchart
    Stratigraphic Correlation Chart For updates, see http://economy.gov.sk.ca/ StratigraphicCorrelationChart ERA PERIOD EPOCH STAGE/ SOUTHWEST SOUTHEAST WEST-CENTRAL EAST-CENTRAL AGE(Ma) SASKATCHEWAN SASKATCHEWAN SASKATCHEWAN SASKATCHEWAN QUATERNARY HOLOCENE 0.01 GLACIAL DRIFT PLEISTOCENE 2.6 GLACIAL DRIFT GLACIAL DRIFT GLACIAL DRIFT PLIOCENE 5.3 WOOD WOOD MOUNTAIN MOUNTAIN MIOCENE Remarks: NEOGENE 23 OLIGOCENE CYPRESS HILLS 34 The province is subdivided into four geographic areas, separated by common boundaries along latitude 52oo N and longitude 106 W. CENOZOIC EOCENE TERTIARY SWIFT CURRENT 55 Numeric values for isotopic ages derived from Okulitch, A.V. (2004): PALEOGENE PALEOCENE 65 RAVENSCRAG RAVENSCRAG Geological Time Chart, 2004; Geological Survey of Canada, Open FRENCHMAN FRENCHMAN File 3040 (National Earth Science Series, Geological Atlas) - ? REVISION BATTLE http://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/org/vancouver/programs/images/geotimechart.2004_e.jpg ? WHITEMUD MAASTRICHTIAN WHITEMUD EASTEND EASTEND BEARPAW BEARPAW 72 OLDMAN BELLY RIVER (JUDITH RIVER) OLDMAN ? CAMPANIAN Y RIVER FOREMOST Y RIVER BELL BEARPAW (JUDITH RIVER) (JUDITH RIBSTONE CREEK RIBSTONE CREEK BELL EQUIVALENT LEA PARK LEA PARK VICTORIA LEA PARK UPPER CRETACEOUS LEA PARK 84 MILK RIVER ALDERSON ALDERSON ALDERSON ALDERSON (MILK RIVER) (MILK RIVER) (MILK RIVER) SANTONIAN (MILK RIVER) 86 FIRST WHITE SPECKLED SHALE FIRST WHITE SPECKLED SHALE FIRST WHITE SPECKLED SHALE FIRST WHITE SPECKLED SHALE CRETACEOUS MEDICINE HAT CONIACIAN 89 NIOBRARA NIOBRARA NIOBRARA NIOBRARA TURONIAN CARLILE CARLILE
    [Show full text]
  • Jurassic Onset of Foreland Basin Deposition in Northwestern Montana, USA: Implications for Along-Strike Synchroneity of Cordilleran Orogenic Activity
    Jurassic onset of foreland basin deposition in northwestern Montana, USA: Implications for along-strike synchroneity of Cordilleran orogenic activity F. Fuentes*, P.G. DeCelles, G.E. Gehrels Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA ABSTRACT Stratigraphic, provenance, and subsidence analyses suggest that by the Middle to Late Jurassic a foreland basin system was active in northwestern Montana (United States). U-Pb ages of detrital zircons and detrital modes of sandstones indicate provenance from accreted terranes and deformed miogeoclinal rocks to the west. Subsidence commenced ca. 170 Ma and followed a sigmoidal pattern characteristic of foreland basin systems. Thin Jurassic deposits of the Ellis Group and Morrison Formation accumulated in a backbulge depozone. A regional unconformity and/or paleosol zone separates the Morrison from Early Cretaceous foredeep deposits of the Kootenai Formation. The model presented here is consistent with regional deformation events registered in hinterland regions, and challenges previous interpretations of a strongly diachronous onset of Cordilleran foreland basin deposition from northwestern Montana to southern Canada. INTRODUCTION Formations (Mudge, 1972). The Ellis Group correlates with the upper part One of the most controversial aspects of the Cordilleran thrust of the Fernie Formation of southwest Alberta and southeast British Colum- belt and foreland basin system is also one of the most fundamental, i.e., bia (Poulton et al., 1994). The overlying Morrison Formation consists of when did this system initially develop? Estimates for the onset of fore- ~60–80 m of fi ne-grained estuarine to nonmarine strata, its upper part land basin accumulation in the western interior of the United States span usually overprinted by strong pedogenesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Water in Carbonate Rocks of the Madison Group in Southeastern Montana a Preliminary Evaluation
    Water in Carbonate Rocks of the Madison Group in Southeastern Montana A Preliminary Evaluation By W. R. MILLER GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 2043 Prepared in cooperation with the Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1976 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR THOMAS S. KLEPPE, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY V. E. McKelvey, Director Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Miller, W. R. Water in carbonate to rocks of the Madison Group in southeastern Montana. (Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2043) Bibliography: p. Supt.ofDocs.no.: 119.13:2043 1. Water, Underground Montana. 2. Geology, Stratigraphic Mississippian. 3. Geology- Montana. I. Montana. State Bureau of Mines and Geology. II. Title. III. Series: United States Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2043. GB1025.M9M5 551.4'9'097863 76-608210 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D. C. 20402 Stock Number 024-001-02898-1 CONTENTS Page Factors for converting English units to International System(SI) of units ___ iv Abstract __________________________________________ 1 Introduction _______________________________________ 2 Purpose and scope _________________________________ 2 Location and extent of area ____________________________ 4 Previous investigations ______________________________ 5 Location-numbering system ____________________________ 5 Geologic setting _____________________________________ 5 Extent and structure ________________________________ 5 Stratigraphy
    [Show full text]
  • Italic Page Numbers Indicate Major References]
    Index [Italic page numbers indicate major references] Abbott Formation, 411 379 Bear River Formation, 163 Abo Formation, 281, 282, 286, 302 seismicity, 22 Bear Springs Formation, 315 Absaroka Mountains, 111 Appalachian Orogen, 5, 9, 13, 28 Bearpaw cyclothem, 80 Absaroka sequence, 37, 44, 50, 186, Appalachian Plateau, 9, 427 Bearpaw Mountains, 111 191,233,251, 275, 377, 378, Appalachian Province, 28 Beartooth Mountains, 201, 203 383, 409 Appalachian Ridge, 427 Beartooth shelf, 92, 94 Absaroka thrust fault, 158, 159 Appalachian Shelf, 32 Beartooth uplift, 92, 110, 114 Acadian orogen, 403, 452 Appalachian Trough, 460 Beaver Creek thrust fault, 157 Adaville Formation, 164 Appalachian Valley, 427 Beaver Island, 366 Adirondack Mountains, 6, 433 Araby Formation, 435 Beaverhead Group, 101, 104 Admire Group, 325 Arapahoe Formation, 189 Bedford Shale, 376 Agate Creek fault, 123, 182 Arapien Shale, 71, 73, 74 Beekmantown Group, 440, 445 Alabama, 36, 427,471 Arbuckle anticline, 327, 329, 331 Belden Shale, 57, 123, 127 Alacran Mountain Formation, 283 Arbuckle Group, 186, 269 Bell Canyon Formation, 287 Alamosa Formation, 169, 170 Arbuckle Mountains, 309, 310, 312, Bell Creek oil field, Montana, 81 Alaska Bench Limestone, 93 328 Bell Ranch Formation, 72, 73 Alberta shelf, 92, 94 Arbuckle Uplift, 11, 37, 318, 324 Bell Shale, 375 Albion-Scioio oil field, Michigan, Archean rocks, 5, 49, 225 Belle Fourche River, 207 373 Archeolithoporella, 283 Belt Island complex, 97, 98 Albuquerque Basin, 111, 165, 167, Ardmore Basin, 11, 37, 307, 308, Belt Supergroup, 28, 53 168, 169 309, 317, 318, 326, 347 Bend Arch, 262, 275, 277, 290, 346, Algonquin Arch, 361 Arikaree Formation, 165, 190 347 Alibates Bed, 326 Arizona, 19, 43, 44, S3, 67.
    [Show full text]