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Paleokarst Reservoirs of the Lower Carboniferous (Mississippian) Madison Group and Jura-Cretaceous Success Formation, West-Central Saskatchewan

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Paleokarst Reservoirs of the Lower Carboniferous (Mississippian) Madison Group and Jura-Cretaceous Success Formation, West-Central Saskatchewan Paleokarst Reservoirs of the Lower Carboniferous (Mississippian) Madison Group and Jura-Cretaceous Success Formation, West-Central Saskatchewan. Dan Kohlruss Saskatchewan Geological Survey Ministry of Energy and Resources Outline • Study Area and Methods • Regional Geological Setting • Karst Facies • Karst Facies Associations (Model) • Facies Associations Maps • Trapping Models • Expanding the Play • Conclusions Outline • Study Area and Methods • Regional Geological Setting • Karst Facies • Karst Facies Associations (Model) • Facies Associations Maps • Trapping Models • Expanding the Play • Conclusions Sub-Cretaceous Unconformity Sub-Jurassic Unconformity Gp Upper Paleozoic Upper Birdbear Devonian Sask Modified from Kohlruss 2017 Outline • Study Area and Methods • Regional Geological Setting • Karst Facies • Karst Facies Associations (Model) • Facies Associations Maps • Trapping Models • Expanding the Play • Conclusions Modified from Hayes et al., 1994 315Ma End Mississippian From Blakey, NAU Geology 1996 195Ma Early Jurassic From Blakey, NAU Geology 1996 180Ma Middle Jurassic From Blakey, NAU Geology 1996 140Ma Late Jurassic From Blakey, NAU Geology 1996 F’ F Modified from Poulton et al., 1994 Modified from Richards et al., 1994 Modified from Kohlruss 2017 Modified from Kohlruss 2017 Outline • Study Area and Methods • Regional Geological Setting • Karst Facies • Karst Facies Associations (Model) • Facies Associations Maps • Trapping Models • Expanding the Play • Conclusions Facies and Facies Associations Paleokarst-breccia Classification Loucks, 1999 111/09-04-030-28W3 805.7m 802.5m Loucks, 1999 F1: Mudstone grading to matrix supported chert-pebble conglomerate F2: Matrix-rich, clast supported chaotic chert and sandstone Breccia F1 F2 Facies 2 Thin section examples: 05-04-30-28W3: 789m 05-04-30-28W3: 792.5m 05-04-30-28W3: 793.4m 101/08-12-030-28W3 Loucks, 1999 F3: Crackle Breccia F3 111/09-22-031-27W3 111/15-08-030-26W3 820.9m 854.0m Loucks, 1999 F4: Mudstone F5: Chaotic Mud and Chert Rubble Breccia/ Conglomerate F4 F5 111/09-22-031-27W3 820.9m Loucks, 1999 F6: Matrix-supported Chaotic Breccia F6 Outline • Study Area and Methods • Regional Geological Setting • Karst Facies • Karst Facies Associations (Model) • Facies Associations Maps • Trapping Models • Expanding the Play • Conclusions FA1: Collapsed Cave (reservoir) Loucks, 1999 Modified from Kohlruss 2017 FA2: Preserved Cave Roof Loucks, 1999 Modified from Kohlruss 2017 FA3: Epikarst (Reservoir) Loucks, 1999 Modified from Kohlruss 2017 FA4: Soil Breccia/ Karst Paleosol Loucks, 1999 Modified from Kohlruss 2017 Outline • Study Area and Methods • Regional Geological Setting • Karst Facies • Karst Facies Associations (Model) • Facies Associations Maps • Trapping Models • Expanding the Play • Conclusions C o l l a p A’ s e Upper Madison d A Isopach B’ B Modified from Kohlruss 2017 C o l l a p A’ s e Collapsed Cave d A Isopach B’ B Modified from Kohlruss 2017 Preserved Cave Roof Isopach A’ A B’ B Modified from Kohlruss 2017 Epikarst Isopach A’ A B’ B Modified from Kohlruss 2017 Epikarst Structure A’ A B’ B Modified from Kohlruss 2017 Soil Breccia/ Karst Paleosol Isopach A’ A B’ B Modified from Kohlruss 2017 Outline • Study Area and Methods • Regional Geological Setting • Karst Facies and Facies Associations (Model) • Facies Associations Maps • Trapping Models • Expanding the Play • Conclusions Epikarst Traps Reservoirs and Trapping Model A’ 1st 90 days oil Oil Cut = A 1st 90 days oil + water B’ Gas Production = 1st 90 days gas B Production <300 e3 m 3 Epikarst: pinch-out Trap A A’ Epikarst Collapsed Cave Madison and Cave Roof Paleosol 40-100% Oil Cut Epikarst Traps Epikarst Isopach A’ A ’B’ B Modified from Kohlruss 2017 Epikarst Traps A’ A B’ B Modified from Kohlruss 2017 Epikarst Traps A’ A Pinch-out Against Madison B’ Highs B Modified from Kohlruss 2017 Epikarst Traps A’ Epikarst is thick , high and A Pinched-out by B’ Mannville mudstones B Modified from Kohlruss 2017 Epikarst Traps A’ Anticline trap created by roll-over underlying A Madison high B’ B Modified from Kohlruss 2017 Reservoirs and Trapping Model A’ 1st 90 days oil Oil Cut = A 1st 90 days oil + water B’ Gas Production = 1st 90 days gas B Production <300 e3 m 3 Collapsed Cave: Anticline and Pinch-out Trap B B’ South North Epikarst Collapsed Cave Madison and Cave Roof Paleosol 40-100% Oil Cut Collapsed Cave Traps A’ A B’ B Modified from Kohlruss 2017 Outline • Study Area and Methods • Regional Geological Setting • Karst Facies and Facies Associations (Model) • Facies Associations Maps • Trapping Models • Expanding the Play • Conclusions Expanding the play Targets: • Epikarst: • up-dip pinch-out on Madison “highs” • “highs” and roll-over edges (anticline) • Pinch-out against Mannville mudstones • Pinch-out against paleosol • Collapsed cave: • over Madison highs (anticlines) • “pinch-outs” • How? Epikarst Structure Sub-Cretaceous UnconformityMadison Structure Sub-Cretaceous Unconformity Westgate Structure Sawatzky 1966 Composite Seismic Map: B’ Near the top of the B Paleozoic Surface A’ A Sawatzky 1966 Composite Seismic Map: B’ Near the top of the B Paleozoic Surface A’ Positive features A Sub-Cretaceous Unconformity Westgate Structure Modified from Poulton et al., 1994 Westgate Structure Success oil show Success zero edge Madison zero edge Modified from Christopher, 2003 Westgate positives features Success oil show Success zero edge Madison zero edge Modified from Sawatzky, 1966; and Christopher, 2003 141/06-23-031-23W3 Paleosol 40% por 70.1 mD Epikarst Roof 36% por 51.1 mD 38% por Collapsed 76.1 mD Cave U. Madison Outline • Study Area and Methods • Regional Geological Setting • Karst Facies and Facies Associations (Model) • Facies Associations Maps • Trapping Models • Expanding the Play • Conclusions Conclusions • Success Formation is a product of karsting of the Madison Group • Two karst reservoirs: • Collapsed cave • Epikarst • Oil and gas traps: • Structural highs - anticline traps(cave and epikarst ) • Stratigraphic pinch-out traps (cave and epikarst) • Expand play by: • Karst facies association mapping • Structure mapping • Identifying highs on the Sub-Cretaceous Unconformity: • Using seismic (old or new) • Using Westgate as a substitute in the absence of deeper data • Evidence for further development beyond study area • Don’t Forget - Stacked reservoir potential! Thank You.
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