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Stratigraphy and Sedimentary Facies Or the Madison Limestone and Associated Rocks in Parts Pf Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, S

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Stratigraphy and Sedimentary Facies Or the Madison Limestone and Associated Rocks in Parts Pf Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, S Stratigraphy/"~t * 1 and1 Sedimentaryf~^ "I * FaciesT ^ orf-» the Madison Limestone and Associated Rocks in Parts pf Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1273-A Stratigraphy and Sedimentary Fades of the Madison Limestone and Associated Rocks in Parts of Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming By JAMES A. PETERSON GEOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY OF THE MADISON LIMESTONE AND ASSOCIATED ROCKS IN PARTS OF MONTANA, NEBRASKA, NORTH DAKOTA, SOUTH DAKOTA, AND WYOMING GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1273-A UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1984 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR WILLIAM P. CLARK, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Peterson, James A. Stratigraphy and sedimentary facies of the Madison Umestone and associated rocks in parts of Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming. (Geological Survey professional paper ; 1273A) Bibliography: p. Supt. of Docs, no.: 119.16:1273-A 1. Limestone Middle West. 2. Geology, Stratigraphic Paleozoic. I. Title. II. Series. QE471.15.L5P47 1981 552'.5 82-600376 For sale by the Distribution Branch, U.S. Geological Survey, 604 South Pickett Street, Alexandria, VA 22304 CONTENTS Page Page Abstract ._.__.__.._.................._-.__.. Al Stratigraphy and sedimentary facies Continued Introduction.................................. 1 Mississippian rocks Continued Acknowledgments .............................. 2 Madison Limestone Continued Regional paleogeography and paleostructure ........... 3 M-7 to M-8.5 interval (middle Osagean) ..... A18 Stratigraphy and sedimentary facies ................. 6 M-8.5 to M-12 interval (upper Osagean) ...... 19 Precambrian rocks .......................... 6 M-12 to Me interval (approximately Cambrian rocks ....................______._ 6 Meramecian) ..................... Ordovician rocks ......__...._...____....... 9 Summary of Madison Limestone Silurian rocks ............................. 10 Stratigraphy ...........-.-.----.. Devonian rocks ............................ 13 Big Snowy Group ...------.-._----------. Devonian and Mississippian rocks ................ 13 Pennsylvanian rocks ___.__-------..---------. Bakken Formation ..................._._. 13 Permian rocks ......---.---.-.------------ Mississippian rocks _.._._...._..._.__........ 16 Triassic rocks .............---.---.----.-. Madison Limestone ....................... 16 Summary .............---------.-..--------- 25 M-l to M-3 interval (approximately Selected references _____._..-_------..---------- 28 Kinderhookian) .................... 16 Supplemental data ___.....-----.-.---------_-_- 32 M-3 to M-7 interval (lower Osagean) ....... 18 ILLUSTRATIONS [All plates are in pocket at end of report] PLATE 1. Map showing location of control points and lines of geologic sections for the Madison Limestone and associated rocks in parts of Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming. 2. Map showing thickness of sedimentary rocks of Cambrian through Tertiary age in parts of Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming. 3. Map showing thickness of Paleozoic rocks and limits of main Paleozoic evaporite units in part of Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming. 4. West-east geologic section A-A', Porcupine dome area, Montana to eastern North Dakota. 5. South-north geologic section B-B', northern end of Bighorn Mountains, Montana, to north-central Montana. 6. West-east geologic section C-C' showing Madison Group marker-defined carbonate-evaporite cycles (Mississippian), northern Bighorn Mountains, Wyoming, to eastern North Dakota (west half). 7. West-east geologic section C-C' showing Madison Group marker-defined carbonate-evaporite cycles (Mississippian), northern Bighorn Mountains, Wyoming, to eastern North Dakota (east half). 8. South-north geologic section D-D' showing Madison Group marker-defined carbonate-evaporite cycles (Mississippian), northern Bighorn Mountains, Wyoming, to Little Rocky Mountains, Montana. 9. South-north geologic section E-E' showing Madison Group marker-defined carbonate-evaporite cycles (Mississippian), northern Black Hills, South Dakota, to southwestern North Dakota. 10. North-south geologic section F-F' showing Madison Group marker-defined carbonate-evaporite cycles (Mississippian), south-central South Dakota to northwestern North Dakota. 11. Map showing thickness and rock facies of the Madison Limestone interval M-l to M-3 and equivalent rocks (Mississippian) in parts of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming. 12. Map showing oolitic-algal and crinoidal-bioclastic facies in Madison Limestone and interval M-l to M-3 and equivalent rocks (Mississippian) in parts of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming. 13. Map showing thickness and rock facies of the Madison Limestone interval M-3 to M-7 and equivalent rocks (Mississippian) in parts of Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming. 14. Map showing oolitic-algal and crinoidal-bioclastic facies in Madison Limestone interval M-3 to M-7 and equivalent rocks (Mississippian) in parts of Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming. 15. Map showing thickness and rock facies of the Madison Limestone interval M-7 to M-8.5 and equivalent rocks (Mississippian) in parts of Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming. in IV CONTENTS PLATE 16. Map showing oolitic-algal and crinoidal-bioclastic fades in Madison Limestone interval M-7 to M-8.5 and equivalent rocks (Mississippian) in parts of Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming. 17. Map showing thickness and rock facies of the Madison Limestone interval M-8.5 to M-12 and equivalent rocks (Mississippian) in parts of Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming. 18. Map showing oolitic-algal and crinoidal-bioclastic facies in Madison Limestone interval M-8.5 to M-12 and equivalent rocks (Mississippian) in parts of Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming. 19. Map showing thickness of the Madison Limestone interval M-12 to Me and equivalent rocks (Mississippian) in parts of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming. 20. Map showing oolitic-algal and crinoidal-bioclastic facies in Madison Limestone interval M-12 to Me and equivalent rocks (Mississippian) in parts of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming. Page FIGURE 1. Map showing location of study area ________________________-_--------------------------------- A2 2. Map showing regional paleogeography and paleostructure during Paleozoic time, Western Interior, United States .... 4 3. Map showing present-day structural features, Western Interior, United States ________-______-___-.------- 5 4. Map showing thickness and rock facies of Deadwood Formation or equivalent rocks (Cambrian and Lower Ordovician). 7 5. Map showing thickness of Middle and Upper Ordovician rocks ...........___________-_---.----.-.---- 8 6. Map showing thickness and rock facies of Red River Formation or equivalent rocks (Upper Ordovician) .......... 11 7. Map showing thickness and rock facies of Interlake Formation (uppermost Ordovician and Silurian) __.__._...... 12 8. Map showing thickness and salt distribution of Middle and Upper Devonian rocks .......--._-----....--_--- 14 9. Map showing thickness of the Bakken Formation (uppermost Devonian and lowermost Mississippian) _._..__..... 15 10. Illustration showing example of well-log patterns and lithology of Madison Group marker units ................ 17 11. Map showing thickness and rock facies of the Madison Limestone and equivalent rocks (Lower and Upper Mississippian). 20 12. Map showing thickness and rock facies of Big Snowy Group (Upper Mississippian) ..___.................___ 22 13. Map showing thickness and rock facies of Pennsylvania!! and Permian rocks .........-.----.-------.----- 23 14. Map showing thickness and rock facies of Triassic rocks ........-.---.----_-----------.------------ 26 TABLE TABLE 1. Generalized correlation chart of Paleozoic rocks [in pocket] METRIC CONVERSION TABLE [Inch-pound units in this report may be converted to the International System (SI) of units by using the following conversion factors:] Multiply inch-pound units By To obtain metric units foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m) 30.48 centimeter square mile (mi2) 2.590 square kilometer (km2) mile 1.609 kilometer National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD of 1929): A geodetic datum derived from a general adjustment of the first-order level nets of both the United States and Canada; formerly called "mean sea level." NGVD of 1929 is referred to as sea level in this report. GEOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY OF THE MADISON LIMESTONE AND ASSOCIATED ROCKS IN PARTS OF MONTANA, NEBRASKA, NORTH DAKOTA, SOUTH DAKOTA, AND WYOMING STRATIGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTARY FACIES OF THE MADISON LIMESTONE AND ASSOCIATED ROCKS IN PARTS OF MONTANA, NEBRASKA, NORTH DAKOTA, SOUTH DAKOTA, AND WYOMING By JAMES A. PETERSON ABSTRACT porous sandstone beds are present in the Upper Pennsylvanian and Lower Permian section in Wyoming, southeastern Montana, Paleozoic sedimentary rocks in the Northern Great Plains and southwestern North Dakota, and northwestern South Dakota. Northern Rocky Mountains region include a sequence of mostly Triassic marine and continental red shale, siltstone, sandstone, and shallow-water marine carbonate, clastic, and evaporite deposits of some evaporites overlie the Permian in most of the area. These beds Middle Cambrian through
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