Government Communication in Australia Edited by Sally Young Index More Information

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-68171-1 - Government Communication in Australia Edited by Sally Young Index More information

Index

ABC, xxxii Association of Non-English Speaking Media Watch, 142 Background Women of Australia, 267 radio broadcasting of parliament, 73 Association of Women’s Organisations radio youth network Triple J, 277 Conference, 268 Abetz, Eric, 161, 269 Atkins, Dennis, 132 accessibility, xxix Atkinson, Joe, 92 accountability, 20, 25, 84, 230, 232 Attorney-General’s Department, 12, 212 information ﬂow and, 37 Auditor-General, 20, 45 in the public service, 49 advertising guidelines, 33, 195, 204, 242 ACT government, 235, see also Stanhope, Jon Australia ‘Canberra Connect’, 238 citizens and online communication, Chief Minister’s Talkback, 245 176–8 Community Cabinet, 249 compulsory voting, 174 ACTU-ALP Accord, 55 Constitution, 28, 68 ACTV v Commonwealth, 28 e-government, 166 advertising, regulation of, 39 evaluation of government communication, Advertising Standards Council, 33 232–4 advocacy, 164, 256, 257–8 federal system, xxv, 6 Akerman, Piers, 87, 141 geographical distances, xxv Albrechtsen, Janet, 142 government advertising in, 181–203 Allan, Tim, 107 government communication online, Althusser, Louis, 217 161–80 Amnesty International, 281 innovation in government communication, Anderson, Lori, 163 229–54 aNiMaLS, 9, 134 national belonging, 216–22, 223 Animals II, 10 national identity, 262 ANSTO campaign, 121, 125 service delivery by the voluntary sector, 10, Anti-Cancer Councils, 190 255 anti-terrorism advertising, 212–14, 224, social marketing, 190 225, 226 use of ICT, 162–4 effectiveness of, 224–6 Australia–ADifferent Light campaign, 210 anti-terrorism legislation, 78, 169 Australia Institute survey, 258–61 APLA Limited v Legal Services Commissioner Australia Post, 27 (NSW), 274 Australian Aluminium Council, 57 Aristotle, 140, 145, 146, 155 Australian Broadcasting Authority, 25 Assisted Passage Scheme to Australia, 185 Australian Broadcasting Tribunal, 190 Association of Australian National Advertisers, Australian Capital Television v The 184 Commonwealth, 272

336

INDEX 337

Australian Chamber of Commerce and media interviews, 105 Industry, xxxiii, 52, 56 spin, 104, 286 Australian Chamber of Manufacturers, 190 blogging, 170 Australian Council of Trade Unions, 23, 55, Blumer, Jay, 139 199, 200 Board of Taxation, 265 Australian Democrats, 60, 164, 170, 171 Bolt, Andrew, 142 Australian Dried Fruits Board, 118 Bonney, Bill, 114, 141 Australian Electoral Commission, 60, 278, 281, Boorstin, Daniel, 97 282 Bosch, Henry, 56 Australian Government Advertising Service, 122 Boulton, Adam, 84 Australian Government Communications Unit, Bracks, Steve, 245 mission statement, 287 Braestrup, Peter, 82 Australian Government Information Brand Architecture International, 209 Management Office, 167 Brand Australia campaign, 209 Australian Government Liaison Service, 135 branding, 26, 50 Australian Industry Greenhouse Network, 58 Brennan J, 68 Australian Industry Group, 56 Brett, Judith, 135, 153 Australian Labor Party, 109 Broadcasting Services Act 1992, 223 see Labor Party Brogden, John, 87, 88 Australian Law Reform Commission, 240 Brown, Gordon, 102, 103, 108 Australian Made campaign, 192 Brown, John, 192 Australian Manufacturing Council, 190 Brown Melhuish Fishlock, 212, 218, 224, 225 Australian National Audit Office, 13 Burke, John M., 117 Australian National Travel Association, 118 Burke, Peter, 117 Australian Public Service Code of Conduct, 40 Burson Marsteller, 126 Australian Public Service values, 37 Bush administration, 91 Australian Taxation Office, 265 Bush, George W., 147 Australian Tourist Commission, 209 business Australian Wheat Board, 58, 83 business associations, 55, 56, 57 Australians for Fairer Taxation, 57 business confidence, 61 business–government communication, 51–62 Ballina Shire Council, 29 lobbying of governments, 55–9 Ballina Shire Council v Ringland, 31 power of, 52, 53 Barnes, Jill, 193 relations with government, 52–5 Barnett, Steven, 107 Business and Professional Women’s Barns, Greg, 11 Association, 267 Barry, Paul, 51 Business Coalition for Tax Reform, 57 Bartlett, Andrew, 170, 174 business communications, regulation of, 60 Bartos, Stephen, 223 Business Council of Australia, 52, 56 BBC, 105 Buy Australian campaigns, 60, 191 Charter Renewal, 106 Neil Report, 106 Calwell, Arthur, 148, 151 Be Alert, Not Alarmed television ads, 225 Campbell, Alastair, 93, 94, 101, 106, 123 Beattie, Peter, 230, 245 spin, 7, 102, 104, 108 Beazley, Kim, 109, 149 Campbell, Ian, 269 behavioural persuasion, 121 Canada Bell, Stephen, 53 Adscam, 22, 128 Benaud, Richie, 210 government–NGO relationships, 269 Benn, Tony, 101 GST advertising, 196 Bernays, Edward L., 117, 140 capacity-building, 266 bicentennial advertising campaign, 193–4 capital strike, 54 Billig, Michael, 217 Capling, Ann, 164 Bishop, Patrick, 163 Carr, Bob, 80, 245 Bjelke-Petersen, J., 30 Carson, Lyn, 234, 252 Bjelke-Petersen government, 20, 25 Casey, R.G., 118 Bjelke-Petersen v Warburton, 31 caveat emptor, 32 Blair, Tony, 101–8 censorship, 27, 69

338 INDEX

Central Advertising System, 287 Costello, Peter, 264 Central Office of Information, 100 Craig, Geoffrey, 86 Chalmers, Rob, 7 Crawford, Robert, 184 charities and political activity, 264–6 de Crespigny, Robert, 55 Charities Definition Inquiry, 264, 265 Croll, John, 11 Chen, Peter, 161–80, 285, 286 Cromwell, Oliver, 150 Chesterman, Michael, 274 cronyism, 42 Chifley, Prime Minister Ben, 119 Crosby, Lynton, 94, 108, 135, 136, 141 children overboard affair, 8, 12, 153 C-Span network, 74 chilling effect, 28 Curtin, John, 81 Chomsky, Noam, 114, 138 customer service, 38, 41–2 Churchill, Winston, 150 cyberactivism, 164 Cicero, 155 cynicism, 35, 42, 62, 72, 92 citizens active citizenship, 230, 250–2 Davies, Julie-Anne, 86 citizen engagement, 270–83 Davis, Aeron, 4, 5, 82 citizen participation, xxiv, 250–2 Davis, Glyn, 249, 253, 254 citizen–government communication, 286 Deacon, David, 3–5, 18, 115 engagement with politics, xxiv, 38, 180, 230 deception, 144, 145 and online communication, 176–8 defamation, 28–31 relationship with government, 167–9 Demand and Value Methodology, 166 right to information, 113 democracy, xxiii, 143 citizens’ juries, 247, 252 communication and, xxiii, xxxii civic advocacy groups, 164 crisis of, xxvi Clean Up Australia campaign, 202 deliberative, 96 Clift, Steven, 163 dissent and, 269 Coalition (Liberal–National), xxiv, 8, 9, 20, 54, and freedom of speech, 272, 274 55, 59, 60, 62, 195, 212, 223, 281 information and, 37, 49 Coalition of Activist Lesbians-Australia, 267 participatory, 161 Cocker, Joe, 196 representation of disadvantaged groups, 258 Coleman, Patrick, 271, 280 representative, xxiii, 65, 137, 139, 289 Coleman, Stephen, 161 spin and, 130–43 Combe, David, 60 the press and, 68 Combet v Commonwealth, 23, 24, 31 use of taxpayers’ funds, 43 common law, 28, 29, 31 democratic deficits, 165 Commonwealth Advertising Division, 184 democratic participation, 95, 107, 143 Commonwealth Department of Department of Defence, 12 Information, 184 Department of Health and Aged Care, 122 communication media campaigns, 125 between government and citizens, two-way, Department of Homeland Security (USA), 214 41, 52, 96, 231, 232, 233 Department of Industry and Commerce, 191 and democracy, xxiii, xxxii, 289 Department of Prime Minister and and the public interest, 39–41 Cabinet, 128 communications, regulation of, 43–5 departmental public affairs sections, 11–14, 17, Community Cabinets, 249–50, 254 18, 45, 82 Community Education and Information Devine, Miranda, 141 Programme, 13 digital broadcasting policy, 75 community engagement, 233, 234 dissent, xxix, 261–3, 285 community groups, xxix, 164 Dodson, Louise, 12, 16 consent, 121 dog-whistle politics, 109, 141, 153, 154, 155 manufacture of, 114, 117, 130, 138 Duffy, Michael, 141 consultation, 41, 169, 234, 245–9 Dugdale, Annie, 180 Coombs, H.C., 288 Durant v Greiner, 31 Coombs Royal Commission, 14, 119, 288 Copeland, Gary, 218 Economic Planning Advisory Council, 55 Copeman, Charles, 54 e-democracy, 177, 179 Corbett, Roger, 54 Edwards, Meredith, 246, 249, 253 corporatism, 55 e-government, 165–7, 179

INDEX 339

focus on services, 167 Freudenberg, Graham, 133, 148, 151 ministers and, 168 uptake of, 177 Gaber, Ivor, 123 election campaigns, xxiii, 96, 280–2 Gandy, Oscar H., 3 advertising during, 36 Gans, Herbert, 79 marketing techniques in, 115 Gavan Anderson, 58 spin and, 133 Gelber, Katharine, 270–83, 285 elections, 5, 32 general practitioners, 126 electoral principles, 24 Gerard, Robert, 54, 55 Electoral and Administrative Review Gerson, Michael, 147 Commission, 44 Gibson, Rachel, 161–80, 285, 286 Electoral and Referendum Amendment Gilligan, Andrew, 105, 106 Act (No. 1) 2001, 278 Gleeson CJ, 23, 280 Elliott, John, 54 Glover, Dennis, xxxii, 133, 144–57 Ellis, Bob, 133 Golding, Peter, 3–5, 18, 115 Empire Marketing Board, 118 Gomery Commission of Inquiry, 22, 128, 288 government communication in, 93–109 good governance, 37, 43 government–NGO relationships, 269 Goodrem, Delta, 47, 210 engagement, 234 Goss, Wayne, 132 Environment Australia, 11 government, xxix, 222–4 environmental awareness campaigns, 48 challenges in communication, xxxi–xxxii environmental NGOs, 269 citizens engaging with, 270–83 e-politics, consumers of, 176 community expectations of, 39 equity, 39, 50 coordination of information management, Errington, Wayne, 10, 11, 47 14–17 ethics, 91 e-government, 165–7, 179 executive government, xxx limitation of debate, 260 centralisation of, 55 relations with business, 52–5 and online communication, 164–5 relationship with citizens, 167–9 relationship with citizens, 167–9 government advertising, 36, 47, 222–4, 285 1899 to 1969, 182–5 Fair Trading Acts, 32 authorisation tags, 223 fairness, 39, 50 bicentennial campaign, 193–4 favouritism, 42 ‘Buy Australian’ campaigns, 191 fear, 12, 157 community service, 202 Ferris, Senator Jeannie, 278 content and substance of, 26–31 Fickling, David, 223 cost of, 14, 184, 202, 205 Finch, Lynette, 199 defamation law and, 28–31 Fiske, John, 217 for economic promotion, 120 Fitzgerald Inquiry, 20, 43 effectiveness of, 206–7, 208, 211, 218, 224–6 Flew, Terry, 164 features of community service and social fourth estate, 66, 67–70, 76, 78 marketing, 202 framing, 154 formal authorisation of, 24–6 Frangopoulos, Angelos, 75 functions of, 234 Franklin, Bob, 5, 98 Grim Reaper advertisement, 188, 206–7 Frantzich, Stephen E., 76 GST advertising, 196–7, 205 Fraser government guidelines for, 44, 195, 204, 242 Advance Australia campaign, 190 history of, 181–203 Ministerial Committee on Government immigration campaigns, 181, 185 Communications, 16 impact of censorship, 27 Free TV Australia, 33 industrial relations advertising, 199–201 freedom of information, 43, 240–2 ‘Life. Be in it’ campaign, 187–8 exceptions and exemptions, xxvii, 241 Medicare advertising, 197–9 freedom of political communication, 22, 28, and national belonging, 216–22 68, 157, 270 national security campaigns, 212–14 importance of, 272 obscenity law and, 26–8 law and cases, 272–5 ‘partisan’ campaigns, 194–201 limitations of, 270, 273 political matter, 25

340 INDEX

government advertising (cont.) reviews of processes, 288 post-1970s, 185–201 service-wide coordination of, 48 promotional campaigns, 190–4 state of, 289 as public communication, 204–26 targeting of, 242–3 and public debate, 216–22 targeting young people, 243 purposes of, 184, 204, 205 theory and practice, xxiii–xxxiv, 11 quit smoking campaigns, 188–90 truth in, 31–3 road safety campaigns, 188, 208–9, 226 types of, 20–1 social marketing, 185–90, 201, 202 unregulated nature of, 43 tagging of, 25, 26 in the UK, 97, 99–101 tourism campaigns, 192–3, 209–11 government communication units, 16, 122, wartime advertising, 182 127, 287, 288 ‘Working Nation’ campaign, 194–5 regulation of, 43–5 government ‘branding’, 26 types of, 47–9 government communication role of, 17, 124 access to leaders, 243–5 in the UK, 93–109 aspects of, 286 Government Information Unit, 135 Auditor-General guidelines on, 33 government internet portal, 238 authorisation of expenditure, 24 Government Members’ Secretariat, 10, 11, beneﬁts of, 230 135 broadcasting of parliament, 239–40 government public relations, 129 business and, 51–62 conceptual frameworks on, 113–16 challenges in, xxxi–xxxii, 231 functional and structural framework for, citizen participation, 250–2 119–21 Community Cabinets, 249–50, 254 history of, 117–19 consultation, 245–9 institutional framework, 121–3 court rulings on, 31 media management, 123–4 critical theory of, 97–9, 100 outsourcing of, 125 current initiatives in, 229–32 professsionalisation of, 119 customer service and, 41–2 types of, 120–1 departmental public affairs sections, 11–14 Goward, Pru, 267 effectiveness of, 42 Grattan, Michelle, 9, 12, 81, 90, 196 and election campaigning, 96 spin, 9, 92 evaluation of, 232–4 Greece, rhetoric in, 137, 142, 156 freedom of information, 240–2 Greens, 164, 170, 173 innovations in, 229–54 Greiner, Nick, 32, 80 internal, 238 Grey Worldwide, 208 and the internet, 285 Grim Reaper advertisement, 187, 188, 206–7 internet websites, 235–9 Grubb, Sir Kenneth, 129 the law and, 34 GST, 14, 24 legal controls on, 22 advertising, 196–7 management of, 108 Guidelines for Australian Government as a measure of democracy, 289 Information Activities, 122 New Labour’s approach, 108 Gummow J, 280 new methods of, 248–9 gun buy-back scheme, 127 online, 161–80 Gurevitch, Michael, 139 politicisation of, 102 professionalisation of, 103 Habermas, Jurgen, 97, 98, 100 as propaganda, 97–9 Hage, Ghassan, 216 provision of information, 234–5 Hall, Stuart, 101 public information campaigns, 120, Hampton, Ross, 8 124–8 Hansard, online access, 75, 163, 239 public perception of, 95 Hanson, Pauline, 151, 275–8 publicly necessary information, 96 Harris, Robert, 100 purposes of, 96 Harris, Tony, 196 reasons for, 229 Harrison, Kim, 125 ‘report cards’, 235 Hart, Phillip, 252

INDEX 341

Hartz-Karp, Janette, 234, 253 spin, 108 Hawke, Bob, 55 spin doctors, 135 Hawke government, 55, 134 talkback radio, 245 ‘Buy Australian’ campaign, 191 view on interest groups, 261 National Media Liaison Service, 9 website, 238 tourism advertising, 192 ‘Working Nation’ ads, 195 Hayden, Bill, 135 Human Rights Council of Australia, 269 Hayne J, 280 Humphreys, Brian, 12 Head, Brian, 36–50 Hunt, Simon, 275–8 Healy v Askin, 30, 31 Hunter, Bill, 195 Help Protect Australia from Terrorism Hutton inquiry, 106 campaign, 212, 216, 218, 224 Huxley, Gervas, 118 Henderson, Gerard, 51 Hendy, Peter, 54 identity politics, 101 Herman, Edward S., 114, 138 Iemma, Morris, 235, 245 High Court immigration advertising campaigns, 181, 182, defamation, 28 185 freedom of information, 242 Imperial Economic Committee, 118 freedom of political communication, 270, incumbency, advantages of, 14, 19, 83, 182, 274 193, 204 industrial relations advertising, 200 Industrial Design Council of Australia, 191 preferential voting, 281 industrial relations advertising, 22–4, 199–201 Hill & Knowlton, 126 Industries Assistance Commission, 59 Hitler, Adolf, 150 Industry Commission Inquiry into Charitable Hobsbawm, Eric, 117 Organisations, 257 Hogan, Paul, 192 inequalities, 284 Hoggart, Simon, 79 information Holmes, Charles H., 118 access to, 78, 116 House of Representatives Standing Committee choice of, 10 on Community Affairs, 257 democracy and, 49 Howard government, 135 forms of provision, 234–5 appointments to MCGC, 16 legal rights to, 42 control of information, 12 management of, 3, 14–17, 141, 284 control over political communication, 12 information and communication funding of women’s organisations, 267 technologies, 132, 161, 163 Government Communications Unit, 16 for administrative modernisation, 173, 179 Government Members Secretariat, 10 adoption of, 162–4 GST advertising, 196 barriers to use of, 174–5 industrial relations advertising, 199–201 for breaking down barriers, 173 industrial relations reform, 60, 133 and peer pressure and expectations, 173 media advisers, 7 and political parties, 173 media units, 9 use in Australia, 162–4 monitoring of news, 11 Information Coordination Branch, 122 non-government organisations, 262 information programs around rights, public information campaigns, 5, 13, 20 entitlements and obligations, 120 ‘Strengthening Medicare’ ads, 197 information society, 45, 230 targeted communication, 242 Ingham, Bernard, 99, 100 WorkChoices package, 23 Inglis, Ken, xxvi Howard, John, 61, 83, 84, 135 insecurity, 157 contact with the public, 243 Institute of Public Affairs, 263–4 guidelines on government advertising, 195 internet, 75–8 information management, 135, 141 access to, 76, 161, 176, 180 media appearances, 243 government websites, 235–9 monitoring of news media, 123 webcasting of parliament, 75–8, 169 news management, 90 interpellation, 217–18 relations with business associations, 57 IPR Shandwick, 126 speeches, 153, 154, 244 Irwin, Steve, 210

342 INDEX

Jackson Wells Morris, 126 Let’s Look Out for Australia campaign, 212, Jakubowicz, Andrew, 216 216, 218 Johns, Gary, 263 Leverhulme, Lord, 206 Johnson, Dennis, 143 Liberal Party, 9, 10, 11, 14, 16, 17, 28, 30, 54, Johnson, Lyndon, 150 55, 59, 61, 87, 88, 108, 127, 135, 154, Johnson-Cartee, Karen, 218 155, 195, 211, 261, 275, 281 Johnston, Jane, 125 ‘Working Nation’ ads, 195 Joint Standing Committee on Electoral Life. Be In It. campaign, 187–8, 202 Matters, 281, 282 Lilleker, Darren, 96 Jones, Nicholas, 84 Lincoln, Abraham, 147, 149 journalism, public relations and, 114 Lindblom, Charles, 53 journalists, 85 Lippmann, Walter, 117 disclosures to, 85–8 Livingstone, Ken, 101 objectivity, 86 Lloyd, Clem, 7, 8, 11 political, 85 Lloyd, John, 106 politicians and, 85–8, 91, 92 lobbying, 54, 55–9, 255–69 relationship with prime ministers, 81 attempts to limit dissent, 263 and their sources, 79, 80, 85, 92 charities and political activity, 264–6 Jowell, Tessa, 108 government responses to, 60–1 judiciary, xxxi Institute of Public Affairs, 263–4 limits to, 59–60 Keating Labor government women’s organisations, 266–9 business and, 61 lobbyists, 58, 60 ‘Working Nation’ campaign, 194 local government, xxxi, 230 Keating, Paul, 73, 86, 123, 135 Locke, John, 144 speeches, 149, 151 Louw, Eric, 98 Kelly, David, 105, 107 loyalty, 216 Kemp, Senator Rod, 9 Lucy, Richard, 17 Kennedy, John F., 146, 150 Lumb, Martin, 54 Berlin speech, 147, 150 Lusoli, Wainer, 161–80, 285, 286 inaugural speech, 147 Lyons, Mark, 256, 261 Kenny, Sue, 256 Kinnock, Neil, 101 M&CSaatchi, 210, 211 Kirby J, 23, 24, 200, 280 Machiavelli, Niccolo, 140, 144 knowledge as power, 95 Maddison, Sarah, 255–69, 285, 286 Kunczik, Michael, 68 Magarey, Kirsty, 163, 164 Kurtz, Howard, 84, 90 Magnum Opus, 225 Mair, Peter, 288 Labor Party, xxiv, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 17, 22, 26, Mandelson, Peter, 94, 101, 123 28, 30, 54, 55, 58–9, 60, 80, 81, 85, 109, manufacture of consent, 114, 117, 130, 138 115, 123, 127, 133, 148, 149, 151, 174, market research, 38 175, 191, 194, 195, 200, 202, 203, 209, marketing, 38 210, 245, 281 in election campaigns, 115 Lakoff, George, 20 government investment in, 14, 36 Lange v Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 28, political, 99, 120, 139 31, 272 relationship marketing, 38 Langer, Albert, 272, 280–2 social marketing, 38, 44, 181 language, power and consensus, 139 style and context of public sector, 47 Lasswell, Harold D., 182 techniques of, 39 Latham, Mark, 26, 85, 109, 175 Marsh, Ian, 53 law, government communication and, 34 Martin, Paul, 22 Lazarsfeld, Paul F., 185 Martyn v Australian Consolidated Press, 30 Le Bon, Gustave, 117 Matthews, Christopher, 134 leaders, access to, 243–5 Matthews, Trevor, 56 Lee, Chin-Chuan, 82 McCann-Erickson, 14 Lee, Ivy, 117 McClure v AEC, 28 legislation, titles of, 20 McCurry, Mike, 84, 86

INDEX 343

McHugh J, 23, 24, 280 National Economic Summit, 55, 56 McKellar, Michael, 122, 128 national identity, 262 McKenna, Regis, 38, 50 National Media Liaison Service McKnight, David, 109 (the aNiMaLS), 9, 134, 135 McManus, John, 80 National Office of the Information McNair, Brian, xxxiii, 93–109, 128, 138, 285, Economy, 164 286 National Party, 20, 28, 281 PR state, 285 National Roundtable of Nonprofit media Organisations, 266 commerical news media, 80 National Rural Women’s Coalition, 268 role of, xxvi, 3, 66, 165 national security advertising, 212–14 media advisers, 18, 132 National Tobacco Campaign, 26, 190 media companies, 61 nationalism, 101, 218 media–government relations, xxvi Nationwide News Pty Ltd v Wills, 272 media management, 72, 142 New Labour, 101–8 media minders, 6–8 New Machine Men, 134 media proprietors, power of, 124 Newman, Senator Jocelyn, 267 media units, 8–11 news, strategies for managing, 88–90 Medicare, 126, 127, 197–9 newspapers, printing of parliamentary Meikle, Graham, 164 speeches, 66 Mendes, Philip, 264 Nimmo, Dan, xxvii Menzies government, 184 non-government organisations, xxix, 114, 255, Menzies, Robert, 81 285 Mill, John Stuart, 69, 137 attempts to silence, 261–3 Mills, Stephen, 134, 245 barriers to getting messages heard, 259 Milton, John, 144 communication with governments, 256 Minchin, Senator Nick, 196 contact with politicians, 258 Ministerial Committee on Government corporate model of organisation, 266 Communications, 16, 22, 122, 127, 128, environmental, 269 287 government funding for, 257, 261 influence of the Office of the Prime importance of, 257 Minister, 16 lack of interest by governments, 260, 261 membership, 16 legitimacy of, 261, 262, 263 Ministerial Committee on Government limitation of political communication by, 264 Information and Advertising, 122 main audiences of, 258 Ministerial Media Group, 9 methods used to communicate, 258–61 ministerial responsibility, 33 representation for disadvantaged groups, 257 Ministerial Roundtables, 267 representative status of, 261 Miskin, Sara, 54 resources of, 260 Mojo, 192 women’s organisations, 266–9 Moloney, Kevin, 4 non-profit organisations, marketing and, 187 Moore, Jo, 89, 105, 107 Noonan, Peggy, 147, 154 Moore, Tony, 55 normalisation, 162 Moorhouse, T. E., 118 Norman, Greg, 193 Morgan, Hugh, 56 Northern Territory Morris, Dick, 115 Community Cabinet, 250 Morris, Grahame, 123 MARVIN online tool, 238 Morris, Rachel, 80 truth in political advertising, 32 Murdoch, Rupert, xxvi, 61, 100, 102 Nossal, Richard, 164 NSW government National Advisory Council on AIDS, 206 Communication Handbook, 242 National Agenda for Women’s Grants Community Cabinet, 250 Program, 267 consultation, 247 national belonging, 222, 223 e-government, 167 National Centre for Social and Economic government website, 238 Modelling, 268 GovLink, 238 National Council of Women Australia, 267 ‘The Classroom’ website, 243

344 INDEX

NT government persuasion, 97, 140, 203 Community Engagement Division, 242, 247 Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme, 126 Women’s Forums, 242 Phillipps, Richard, 7, 8 Nutt, Tony, 17 Phillips, Ruth, 268 Phillis, Bob, 107 O’Brien, Kerry, 7, 90 Phillis Review, 108, 128, 288 O’Faircheallaigh, Ciaran, 253 Philo, Greg, 102 O’Leary, Tony, 135, 136, 141 Plato, 144, 145 O’Reilly, David, 85 policy advocates, 256 Oakes, Laurie, 51 policy-making process, 165, 167, 230, 253, 266 Oborne, Peter, 84 political advertising, 32, 33 OECD, 231, 252 political communication, 71 Office of Government Information and and democracy, 274 Advertising, 122 freedom of, 22, 28, 68, 270, 272–5 Office of the Prime Minister, 9, 11, 16, 17 government control over, 12 Office for the Status of Women, 267, 268 institutionalisation of, 97 Office for Women, 268 nature of, xxiv Omnicom, 210 professionalisation of, 97, 104 On Line Opinion website, 164 political expression, difficulty in defining, One Nation Party, 275 280 online communication, citizens and, 176–8 political journalism, 71 openness, 43, 78, 104 political language, 156 Orr, Graeme, xxxii, 34, 223 political parties, 43, 54 Orwell, George, 139, 156 advertising, 194 outsourcing, 125, 232 and business, 54, 59 business leaders and, 59 Pacific Asia Travel Association, 211 donations to, 59, 60 Packer, Kerry, 51 role of, 165 Paine, Tom, 69 spin and, 92, 133 Pantsdown, Pauline, 271, 275–8 political speech, 144–57 Parker & Partners, 58 political speech in public spaces, 279–80 parliament, xxvi, xxxi, 30 political speeches broadcasting of, 72–8, 239–40, 286 characteristics of ‘great’ speeches, 145–6 digital technologies, 163 poll driven nature of, 154 e-petitions, 163, 169 politicians internet webcasting of, 75–8 email, 172 IT facilities, 175 IT skills, 175 online communication, 169–73 journalists and, 79–92 public access to, 65, 75, 239, 240 need for publicity, 79 Question Time, 73 online communication, 169–73 relationship with the media, 67, 71 relationships with journalists, 86, 87, 91 televising of, 65–75, 78 use of databases, 172 webcasting of, 169 use of ICT, 163, 173–5 website, 239 PR state, 3–18, 46, 114, 125, 129, 284, 285 Parliament House, 76, 85, 239 features of, 6, 11, 18 Parliamentary Education Office, 239 institutionalisation of government PR, 115, Parliamentary Proceedings Broadcasting Act 116 1946, 73 preferential voting, 280 partnership approaches, 41, 50 Prescott, John, 102 Pasquarelli, John, 151 press, 67–70 Paterson, Mark, 54 institutionalisation of, 69–70 Peacock, Andrew, 191 press secretaries, 6, 7, 83, 118, 132 Pearson, Christopher, 141 privatisation, 60, 100, 204 permanent campaigning, xxvii, 115, 120, 129 promotional advertising campaigns, 190–4 spin doctors and, 20, 131 propaganda, 115, 116, 120, 129, 182 Permanent Secretary of Government protest, xxix, 285 Communications (UK), 108 public choice theory, 262, 266

INDEX 345

public health campaigns, 48, 226 relationship marketing, 38 public information campaigns, 16, 22, 26, 35, representatives 59, 124–8 email, 172 public opinion and democracy, 69, 117 individual websites, 170 public relations IT skills, 175 companies’ pro bono work, 48, 114, 214 online communication, 169–73 growth of the industry, 119 use of databases, 172 professionalisation of, 98 use of ICT, 173–5 Public Relations Institute of Australia, 113 reputation, 46, 98 public relations, journalism and, 114 Reynolds, Siimon, 188 public service, xxx rhetoric, 131, 140, 156, 157, 229 ‘excellence’ awards, 48 populist, 152 code of conduct, 40 techniques of, 155 culture of fear in, 12 Richardson, Graham, 58 ethics, 46, 47, 49 road safety campaigns, 188, 208–9, 226 and government communications, 36–50 Romans, 145 organisational culture, 46 Roskam, John, 263 politicisation of, 45–7, 49, 120 Rove, Karl, 94 responsiveness to ministers, 46 Royal Commission on Australian Government values, 20, 35, 37 Administration, 14, 119, 288 Public Service Act 1999, 37, 40 Royce Communications, 126 public sphere, 96, 97 RSPCA, 269 Ruddock, Phillip, 224 Queensland Electoral and Administrative Rural Women’s Coalition, 267 Review Commission, 20 Queensland government, 82 safety campaigns, 25 Charter for Community Engagement, 234 Sampson, Anthony, 106 citizen engagement strategies, 230, 253 Savage, Shelly, 79–92 Community Cabinet, 249 Sawer, Marian, 262, 267 Community Engagement Division, 246 Say No to Domestic Violence campaign, 25 consultation, 246 Scammell, Margaret, 115, 139, 143 e-democracy, 163 Schultz, Julianne, xxxiii, 65–78, 285, 286 e-government, 168 Schumpeter, Joseph, 137 Fitzgerald Inquiry, 20 secrecy, 43, 87, 113, 285 GENERATE website, 243 Security4Women, 268 Indigenous communities, 243 self-censorship, 28, 46 targeted communication, 242 Senate Select Committee investigating a Certain youth jury on political engagement, 168 Maritime Incident, 12 Queensland Supreme Court, 277 Seneca, 144 Queensland Unlimited, 25 Shakespeare, William, 150, 154 Question Time, 73, 239 Shaw, Eric, 102 Quintillian, 155 Sherry, Senator Nick, 9 Quit (anti-smoking) ads, 187 Short, Clare, 94, 102 quit smoking campaigns, 188–90 Siewart, Senator Rachel, 171 Simons, Margaret, 84 Ramsey, Alan, 142, 148, 149, 156 Sinclair, John, xxxii, 204–26 Ranger, Terence, 117 Singleton, John, 191, 195 Ravenhill, John, 53 Skinner, Quentin, 155 Ray, Senator Robert, 9 Sky News Active, 73, 75 Reagan, Ronald, 147 Smith, Rosaleen, 232 Reddel, Tim, 253 Snowden, Warren, 174 Reeves, George, 67, 71 social marketing, 38, 44 regulation of advertising 39 social movements, 61, 101 see advertising, regulation of Social Research Centre, 176 regulatory agencies, communication social welfare agencies’ informational activities, 48 marketing, 48 Reith, Peter, 8, 58 Sommerville, Ian, 4

346 INDEX

Sophists, 140, 286 The Thick of It, 93 Sorensen, Ted, 146, 147, 150 Theophanous v Herald and Weekly Times, 28, 31 soundbites, 71, 97, 154 think-tanks, 263 South Australian government Thompson, Jack, 191 Community Cabinet, 250 Thucydides, 145 truth in political advertising, 32 Tiffen, Rodney, 18, 79–92 sovereignty, 137, 273 Tilley, Elspeth, 223 Speakes, Larry, 81 tourism advertising campaigns, xxxiii, 192–3, speechwriters, 133, 144–57 209–11 Spigelman, Chief Justice Jim, 84 Tourism Australia, 209, 210, 226 spin, 20, 47, 88–91, 123, 286 Toynbee, Polly, 107 antidemocratic uses, 141 Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth), 32 cultural phenomenon, 95 trade unions, 54, 55 demonisation of, 94, 95, 103, 105, 139 transparency, 60, 90, 129 limits of, 91–2 Transport Accident Commission, 188, 208–9 power of, 91 trust, 35, 43, 180 practical problems with, 140–2 journalism and, 86, 87 techniques and technologies of, 131, 134, loss of, 107, 230 143 Turnbull Fox Phillips, 126 in the UK, 99, 128, 286 Turnbull, Noel, xxxiii, 113–29, 140, 286 usefulness of, 137–40 Turnbull Porter Novell, 126 spin doctors, 7, 81, 82, 88, 93, 113 tyranny of distance, 163, 174 deﬁnition, 137 democracy and, 130–43 Unchain My Heart advertisements, 196–7 ministerial employees, 132 USA in the UK, 103 anti-terrorism advertising, 212, 214, 224, Stanhope, Jon, 78, 169, 230, 245 225 Stanley, Peter, 182 marketing and political activity, 115 state and territory governments, 230 State of NSW v Bardolph, 22, 31 van Onselen, Peter, 10, 11 state parliaments’ communication Victoria initiatives, 240 e-government, 166 Stockwell, Stephen, 130–43, 285, 286 government advertising, 204 Stott-Despoja, Senator Natasha, 171 government website, 238 Strengthening Medicare ads, 197–9 Neighbourhood Renewal program, 247 Suich, Max, 134 quit smoking campaign, 188 Sullivan, John, 76 regional sittings of parliament, 240 Summers, Anne, 142 road safety campaigns, 188, 208 virtual tour of Parliament House, 240 tagging of advertisements, 25, 26, 212, 223 voting, xxiv, 280 talkback radio, 245 Tallents, Sir Stephen, 118 Ward, Ian, 45, 119 Tampa, 12, 153, 154 PR state, xxxiii, 3–18, 82, 115 Task Force on Departmental Information, 119, Ward, Stephen, 161–80, 285, 286 121 Warhaft, Sally, 148 Task Force on Youth Homelessness, 246 Warhurst, John, 51–62 Tasmanian Gay and Lesbian Rights Group, 255 Waterford, Jack, 123 technological change, 72, 75 Watson, Don, 124, 133, 148, 151, 156 television advertising, 13 weapons of mass destruction, 105 Terrill, Greg, 17, 116, 119, 120 Weller, Patrick, xxvi, 8 departmental public affairs units, 14 West, Andrew, 80 information and propaganda, 116 Western Australia, 250–2 public information campaigns, 13 consultation, 253 Textor, Mark, 135, 136 Dialogue with the City, 250, 253 Thatcher Government, 4 e-government, 168 Thatcher, Margaret, 99, 101, 108 quit smoking campaign, 190 spin, 99, 100 whistleblowers, 43

INDEX 347

White, Sally, 85 World Bank, 165 Whitlam, Gough, ‘It’s Time’ speech, 133 Wyndham City Council, 235, 246 Whitlam government, 135 advertising contracts, 210 Yes, Minister, 93 appointment of press secretaries, 7 Younane, Stephanie, xxxii, 204–26 Whybin TBWA, 210 Young, Graham, 164 Wilderness Society, 255, 269 Young, Hugo, 100 Williams, Armstrong, 91 young people, 243 Williamson, John, 191 Young, Sally, xxiii–xxxiv, 14, 181–203, 205, Wilson, Helen, 114, 141 229–54, 289 Women’s Electoral Lobby, 255, 267 Young Women’s Christian Association, women’s organisations, 266–9 267 WomenSpeak Network, 268 Woolcock, Geoff, 253 Zappala,` Gianni, 262 WorkChoices package, 23 Zawawi, Clara, 125 Working Nation advertising campaign, 194–5 Zemon Davis, Natalie, 117