Spt. 20, ] S, I }IJI-STUDIES ON THE AGA .R'ICACEJ'; OF JAPAN II 603

Studies on the Agaricaceae of Japan II'' in Hokkaido

By

Sanshi Imai''

R'cccivcdMarch N, 1.935

In the present paper the writer intends to make a in el.ini.inary report upon species of Lactarius collected in. Hokkaido during his course of the study on the Agaricaeeae of Japan. Lactarius Fa. Genera Ilym. 8, 1836; Epicr. 333, 1835. .Lactaria PERS. rfeilt. Disp. Fung. 63, 1797. § Lacti fluus PEas. Syn. Fung. 429, 1801.. Lacli flues If OUssEL, F1. Calv. ed. 2, 16, ].806. Agaricus § Galorrheus FIB. Syst. Myc. 1, 61, 1821. Galorrheus FR. Syst. Orb. Veg. 1, 75, 1825. Lactariella SCIIROET.Pilze Sehles. 1, 544, 1889. Gtoeocwe EARLL,1 ell. N. Y. Pot. Gard. 5, 409, 1909.

I. PIPERATES A. Tricholon?oidei 1. Lactarius scrobiculatus FR. Elder. 334, 1838. Agaricus scrobiculatus ScoP. F1. Cars. ed. 2, 2, 450, 1772. Agaricus (Galorrheus) scrobiculatus FR. Syst. Mye. 1, 62, 1821. Hab. on the ground in woods. Sept. Distr. Hokkaido (Kitami) . Europe and North America. Jah. name. K?-karahatsuclake (i1. n.)

2. Lactarius torminosus FR. Epicr. 334, 1838. Agaricus torinin,osus SCIIAEFP. Fung. Bavar. 4, :Ind. 7, p1. 12, 1774. Agaricus (Galorrheus) torminosus FIT. Syst. J\Iyc. 1, 63, ]_821.

1) The first report was published in this Magazine, Vol. 47 (1933), pp. 423-432. 2) The writer wishes to express his sincere thanks to Prof. Erer. K. 117Ivaniiand Prof. S. Imo for their kind advices in various ways, and also to "the T8shhgu-300nensui- kinenkai" for the grant of funds for carrying out the present research. 6 04 THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE [Vol. XLIX, No. 585

:Elab. on the ground in woods. dept.-Uet . Distr. Hokkaido (lshikari, 1.buri) and llonshu (Shinano) . Europe an l North America. Jap. name. Kara-hatsudalre ( KAWAMURA). 11any authors except BRE ADOLAand some authors have reported that Lactarius tor»unosus is poisonous. Iii our country KAWAMURAalso reported in 1909 and 1911 that the produces acute inflammation of the I ln1bs but does not give any injurious effect oni the digestive and nervous systems . but h e recently reported that its identification is somewhat doubtful . The people in our (.listrict are accustomed to eat the fungus without ally ii - jurlous effect and to sell it for food in the market.

3. Lactarius turpis hex. Epier. 335, 1.838. 1lyaricus (Tlactifluss) nacator PERS. Syn, hung. 435 , 1801. it garicus turpis WL1NM. Syll. '1. Nov. 2, 85, 1.828. Lactarius necator KArST. Ilattsv . 1, 179, 1879. Lactarius plunibeus QUEL. Ench. hung . 127, 1886. llab. on the ground in woods. Sept.-Oct . Distr. lokkaido (Isllikar. i) . Europe, North America and Australia . J ap. name. Uguisucha-chichitake (n. n.)

4. Lactarius flavidulus IMM, sp. nov. Gregarius vel solitaries, edulis. Pileo 6-15 cin, lato, convexo , dein con- vexo-llmbilieato, demum lato-in fl.lndibuliformi, erenlicolori,, avellaneo-flavi- d.ul0, vix Zonato, viscidul.o, snbglabro, plus m.innsve asperulo, margine primo pallidiori, 1nvoluto et minute villoso, dein glabrescente; carne alba, erassa, rigida; lacte albo, aeruginescente, sapore odor .eque blando; lamellis decor- rentibilS Vel adnato-deeurrentibus, albis, deiil fulvescentibus , virldo-macll- latis, confertis, utringlle attenuates; stipite 4-6 cm. longo, 1.5-3 cm . crasso, ae(tliali, lacteo-al bo, dein crenli.colorl, primo 1enlter velutinoso, dein glabreS- cente, ciVO; sports iii euillliko albis , subglobosis Vel globosis, echinulatis, 7.5-10 ;; 7-8.5g. llab. on the ground in woods. Sept.-Oct. Distr. lokkaido (.Ishikari) . Jap. name. Ki,-hatsud aloe (ii. n.) The present fungus is related to Lactari us glaucescens CPOSSL., but it is distinguishable by the yellow l)ilel,ls which is minutely Villose at the marginn in young stages, by less crowded ail(1 broad lamellae and by the hollow , as welll as by the mild taste.

B. Limacini 5. Lactarius insulsus Pu. Epicr. 336, 1.838. Sept.20,19351S , IMAI-STUJ)IES ON I'IZE AGARICACE~E OF JAPAN II 605

Agaricus (Galorrheus) insulsus FR. Syst. Myc. 1, 68, 1821. l=Iab. on the ground in woods. Aug.-Sept. Distr. Iokkaido (.Ishikari) . Europe and North America. Jap. name. Karahatsu-inodoki (n. n.) FRIES and others described the lamellae of this fungus as crowded, while BRESADOLAand some others noted them as Subdlstant. Our specimens coincide '\yitll the latter's description in this point. The fungus is so closely allied to L. zonarius that the present fungus is recognized by some authors as merely a variety. For the present, the writer classifies it as a distinct species laying stress on the brighter colored pileus and the hollow stipe. 6. Lactarius zonarius FR. Epicr. 336, 1838. Agaricus zonarius BULL. Champ. Fr. 1)1. 104, 1782. Agaricus (Lacti f1uus) flexuosus PERS. Syn. Fling. 430, 1801. Ilab, on the ground in woods. Sept. Distr. Hokkaido (Ishikari). Europe. Jap. name. Ki-harahatsainodiki (n, n.). rl`he present fungus was described by FRIES and other authors as having crowded lamellae, but our specimens have distant lamellae. The characters of our specimens coincide very well with L. zonarius, except that the lamellae seem to be more widely spaced out than those European specimens.

7. Lactarius trivialis FR. Epicr. 337, 1838. Agaricus (Galorrheus) trivialis FR. Syst. Myc. 1, 65, 1821. flab, on the ground in woods. Sept. Distr. Hokkaido(l.buri). Europe and North America. Jap. name. Kihada-chichitake (n. n.) 8. Lactarius akanensis h1A1, sp. nov. Solitarius vel gregarius. Pileo 4-10 cm. lato, primo convexo, dciii de- 1~~resso,demum convexo-umbiheato, viscosissimo, glabro, levi, dilute pur- pureo-ful.igmoso, prim o leniter zonato, demum azoilato, margin e involnt0, idescente, ; carne alba, crassa ; 1_undoaete albo,sicco flavovirescente vel vir, miti, tarde subacri, copioso; la.mellis subadnatis vel adna.to-decurrentiblls, albidis vel vix flavulis, subdistantibus, bifidis ; stipite 2-5 cm. longo, 1-1.5 em, crasso, basi leniter attenuato, albo vel albido, udo leniter viscoso, sleeC nitldo, solido, dcin cavo; sporls in eumul.o albis, late ell.lpsoldeis voll sub- globosis, echinulatis, 8-10 x 6-8,i. Hab. on the ground in woods. Sept. Distr. Hokkaido (Kushiro). Jap. name. Urnenezu-chichitake (n. n.)

. 606 THE BOTAXICJI. JLI GJZIXL' 1'ol. ZLIX. Xo.

'file presentt fluiglls Somewhat resembles LactariUS uviclus Fit. in the general appearance, belt it differ; in the ilatur.e of the latex which changes ill color from white to bluish by exposure to air . From other species it is easily distinguishable by the color of the pileus and latex , as well as by the viscidity of the pileus. 'hhe fungus is ilanled fro m the locality. Akan, IOVi11Ce of huslliro.

9. FR,. Epicr. 338, 1838. A.garicus lividorubcseefzs PATSC~1[,Elene11. Fung . Cont. 2, 51, 1789. Agaricus (Galorrheus) uvidus FR. Syst. lZyc. 1, 66, 1821. Lactaria lividorubescens PURLING. Lact. U. S. 49, 1908. flab. on the ground in woods. Sept .-Oct. Distr. Ilokkaido(Kushiro, 18hikari and iburi) . Europe anti North America. Jap. name. Tobicha-cliichitake (n. i1.)

C. Piperati 10. Lactarius piperatus Fh . Epicr. 340, 1838. Agarieus piperatus Scop. F1. Cam. ed . 2, 2, 449, 1772. Agarieus pergamenus SWARTZ, Vet. Akad. Ilandl . 1809, 90. Agarieus (Galorrh.eus) piperatus FR. Syst, illyc. 1, 76, 1821. Agarieus (Galorrheus) pergciin,enus FR. Syst. Mye. 1, 76. 1.821. Lactarius pergaln,enus FR. Epicr. 340, 1838. IIab. on the ground in woods. Aug .-Oct. Distr. Hokkaido (Ishikarl), Honshu (Rikuzeii, Iwashiro, Ilitachi, Shi- inotsuke, Shimosa, Musasiti, Sllinano , Silruga, Kai, 1naba) and Chosen. Europe, North America and Australia. Jap. name. Tsuchi-fitaburl (KAWAiiURA), Kau%achlc1l,take (YASUDA). Lactarius pergamenus Fig' was established as a distinct species from L, piperatus because of the rugose wrinkled pileus, the lodger stipe , and adnate, horizontal lamellae. In our district intermediate forms between these two species are often observed. Consequently it appears to be appro- priate to treat them as an identical species and L. pergamenus as a form of L. piperatus.

11. Lactarius vellereus Fr: Epicr. 340, 1838. Agarieus Listen Sow. Engl. Fung.. pl. 104, 1797. Agarieus (Galorrheus) vellereus FR. Syst. i\Iye. 1, 76, 1821. Lactarius Listen SACC. Fl. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 377, 1915.. Hab. on the ground in woods. Aug. Distr. Ilokkaldo (lsllikarl) and Ilonshli (Rikuzeii) . Europe and North America. O. 1933J S , JMLtI-STUDIES OX TILE ~tGARICACE~E OF JAPAN II 607

.Jah. name. lie-slurohatsu(lake (YASUDA).

I.I. I)AIETEs 12. Fr. Epier. 341, 1838. J gaiicus deliciosus L. Sp. Pl. 1172, 1753. Agaricus (Galorrheus) deliciosus Fr. Syst. lVlyc. 1, 67, 1821. Lactarius A1cahatsu TANAKA,Pot. Mag. (Tokyo), 4, 394, pl. 16, 1890. Ilab. on the ground in coniferous woods. July-Oct. Distr. l-ilokkaido (Kushiro, Kitaml, Ishikar1, Ihiii'i. Osllima), Ilonsim. (Rlkuzen, Ilitaclli, 1\Insaslli, Shimosa, Inaba) ai I '1laiwail. Europe and Forth America. Jap, nome. Akahatsu(rI'ANAKA), Akccinomitalce(KAWAatURA). In 1.890, TANAKA described the 1)resel"lt fungus under the name Lactari ics A1caIWtsu, because he believed it to be a different species from L, deliciosus, but after a careful examination the writer has come to the conclusion that the former is nothing other than an identical species with the latter. The present species varies in color from bright orange to pale yellow and in. zonatlon from distinctly zonate to nearly azonate. In general, the color and zonation of the pileus are conspicuous in the younger stage. The color of the context and lamellae changes rapidly to greenish when bruised or wounded and the whole plant often becomes greenish in the older stage. There is also a form without such greening and usually brighter in color. The latter form is collected mostly in Abies woods, while other is in or Picea woods. The writer named these two forms as forma laeticolorus and virescens respectively. The former was previously called var. japonica by KAWAMURA. 13. Lactarius sanguifluus FR. Epicr. 341, 1.838. H ypo ph yllum sangu if uum PAUL. Traite Champ. p1. 81, f. 3-5, 1793. ?Lactarius sub purpureus PECK, Ann. Rep. N. Y. St. 11Ius.29, 43, 1878. Lactarius sangui flues var. vinosus QUrL. Champ. Jura Vosg. 10e Suppl. 8, pl. 8, f. 8, 1880. Lactarius Hatsudake TANAKA,I3ot. Mag. (Tokyo), 4, 393, p1. 15, 1890. Ilab. on the ground in. coniferous woods. Sept.-Oct. Distr. IIokkaido(Ishikari), Honshu (Rlkuzen, Sbimosa, Musashl, Sur-- ga, Yamashiro, Kii, Inaba) and Taiwan. Europe and North America? Jap. name. Hatsudake (TANAKA).

:: Lactarius deliciosus form, laeticolorus I11IAr,f, n. Vulnerenon vel vix virescente. Lactarius deliciosus form. virescens I rAI,f. n. Vulnerevirescente. 608 TI_lEBOTANICAL MAGA%IXE IVol. TLIZ. No.

The present fungus was described as a i ew species by TANAKAin 1890 and named Lactarius Ilatsuclake. In that case, lie compared the fungus with L. deliciosus only, without any reference to L. Bangui fluus. According to the present writer's comparisoni the fungus in question is identical with 11. sarrguiluus in all respects. As BRESADOLAhas already stated. L. sv,bpurpureus PECK seems to be identical with the present species. Although the former was described by BURLINGFIAMas possessing lamellae rather distantly spaced, l(AUF.PIIANhas stated them to be close to subdistallt.

I H. RUSSUILARTA A. Viscidi 14. Lactarius avellaneus 111rIAI,sp. nov. Sol.itarlus vel gregarius. Pileo 2-4 cm. lato, con.vexo, deity plat o. denlum depresso, levi, glabro, udo vl.scidulo, slcco lenlter nitido, centro pallide castaneo, margiile avellaneo; carne albidula vel grisea, crassiuscula; lacee albo, sicco flavidulo, acri, odore hullo ; lamellis adnato-decurrentibus, a ibis, deln sordidls, slcco pruinosis, confcrtis ; stipite 2-4 cm, longo, 5-7 mm. crasso, aequali vel basi leniter incrassato, flavidulo, ludevi, glabro vex1 prullioso, cavo ; sports 1n cumulo albis, late elhpsoideis vel silbglobosis, echinulatis, 8-10 x 7.5-8,u. Flab. oli the ground in woods. Sept. Distr.. Hokkaido (I shikari). Jap. name. Kdiro-chichitake (n. n.) The present fungus somewhat resembles Ii. 10,1flUSCalaPECK, from which it is easily distinguished by the rather larger plant and the lighter color, as well as by the nature of the latex which changes in color from white to yellowishh when it dries. It is also distinguishable from L. suU- d ulcis by the lighter color and by its acrid taste.

15. Lactarius thejogalus FR. Epicr. 342, 1838. Agaricus the jogalus BULL. Champ. Fr. pl. 567, f. 2, 1791. Agaricus (Galorrheus) thejogalus FR. Syst. 11Iyc.1, 71, 1.821. llab. on the ground in woods. Aug.-Sept. Distr. Hokkaido (Kitami, Knsh.lro, Ishikarl, Iburi) and Ilonshu (0mi, Yamashiro, Yamato). Europe and North America. Jap. name. Ki-chichitake (ii. ii.).

16. Lactarius vietus FR. Epicr. 344, 1838. Agaricus (Galorrheus) vietus FR. Syst. Mye. 1, 66, 1838. Hab, on the ground in woods. Sept.-Oct. Sept.20, 1935] ~y,I AIAI-STUDIES ON THE AGARICACEJEOF JAPAN II 609

Distr. Ilokkaico (Kitami, Ishikari, Iburi) . Europe and North America. Jap. name. ](o-kiltad a-chichitake (it ii.).

P. Impoliti 17. Lactarius rufus FR. Epicr. 347, 1838. Agaricus rufus Scoi. Fl. Cam. ed. 2, 2, 451, 1772. Agaricus (Galorrheus) rufus FR. Syst. Myc. 1, 71, 1821. IIab. on the ground in woods. Aug.-Sept. Distr. Hokkaido (Kushiro, Ishikari, ]burl). Europe and North America. Jap. name. Aka-ch,ichitake (n. ii).

18. Lactarius helvus Fig. Epicr. 347, 1838. Agaricus (Galorrheus) helvus Fx. Syst. I\Iyc. 1, 72, 1821. IIab. on the ground in woods or under trees. Sept. Distr. Hokkaido(Kushiro). Europe and North America. Jap. name. Akachichi-m,odoki (n. n.)

19. Lactarius griseus I'Ecx Ann. Help N. Y. St. Mus. 23, 119, 1.873. Hab. on the ground among mosses or on decaying logs or trunks in woods. Sept. Distr. If okkaido (Ishikari). North America. Jap. name. Haiiro-chichitake (ii. n.). The fungus has a gray, tomentose, azonate, small pileus, a gla-brows stipe and lack of odor. It is closely allied to L. mainmosus Fu. from which it is distinguishable by being a smaller plant and by having a glabrous stipe. 20. Lactarius Sakamotoi hIal, sp. nov. Gregarius vel solitarius. Pil.eo 2-3 cm. lato, umbilicato, dein inf uii di- buliformi, sicco, a fibrilloso-squamoso dense tecto, primo subatroviridi, dein pallescente, margine involuto, villoso ; carne pallida, tenui, inmutabili ; lacte albo, inmutabili, acri; lamellis decurrentibus, pallidis, dein fulves- centibus pruinescentibusque, bifidis, conf ertis ; stipite 2-4.5 cm, longo, 3-4 mm. cra.sso, aequali vell apiee leniter attenuato, fusco vel merino, glabro, cavo; sporis in cumnlo oehraceis, late ellipsoid eis vel siibglobosis, echinulatis. 6-8 x 5-7, i. Hab. on the ground in woods. Sept. Distr. Ilokkaido (Ishikari). Jap. name. Hiine-aiiro-ch-ichitake (n, n.) . The fungus is easily distinguished from other species in the genus by 610 TIE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE [Vol. XLI1, No. JSES tIW pileus which is densely covered with olivaceous-black colored fibrous scales. 'rhe 11ame is derived from the name of collector, MASAYUKISAKA- MOT0. 21. Lactarius lignyotus Fi. Monogr. Hymen. 2, 177, 1863. Lactarius f uliginosus var. niajor Fi. Epicr. 348, 1838. Lactariella lignyota SCITROET.Pilze Scllles. 1, 544, 1889. flab. 011the ground in woods, especially ill coniferous woods. Sept. Distr. Iokkaido (Kitami, Kushiro, :Ishikarii, lburi). Europe and North America. •1ap. name. Kuro-ehwlutake (n. n.).

22. Lactarius f uliginosus FR. Epicr. 348, 1838. Agaricus azonites BULL. Champ. Fr. p1. 567, f. 3, 1791. Agaricus (Galorrheus) f uliginosus Fr. Syst. 11Iye. 1, 73, 1821.. Lactarius azonites QUEL. Ench. Fang. 130, 1886. Lactarius f umosus PICK, Ann. Rep. N. Y. St. Mus. 24, 74, 1872. Lactariella azonites SCHR0ET.Pilze Schles. 1, 544, 1889. Lactaria plintho gala BURLING.Lact. I1. S. 84, 1908. Ilab. on the ground in woods. Sept. Distr. Iokkaido (Kushiro, Ishikari). Europe and North America. Jap. name. Tlsuzumi-chichitake (n. n.).

C. Glabrati 23. Lactarius volemus Fu. Epicr. 344, 1838. Agaricus L. Sp. Pl. 1172, 1753. Agaricus (Galorrheus) volum,us FIl. Syst. Mye. 1, 69, 1.821. Lactarius lacti flues QUFL. Ench. Fung. 131, 1886. Ilab. on the ground in woods. Aug.-Sept. Distr. Iokkaido (Ishikar) i) and llonshu (Kotsuke, Shimotsuke, Shimo- sa, Sllinano, Kai, Suruga). Europe and North America. .1ap. name. Chichitake or Chitake (KAWAMURA). 24. Lactarius subdulcis Fn. Epicer. 345, 1838. Agaricus (Lactri flues) sub dulcis PERS. Syn. Fu11g. 433, 1801. Agaricus (Galorrheus) subdulcis Fu. Syst.Myc. 1, 70, 1821. Ilab. on the ground in woods. Aug.-Oct. Distr. Hokkaido (Kitami, Kushiro, Tokachi, Ishikari). Europe and North America. Jap. name. Hime-chichitake (n. n.).

Botanical Institute, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido Imperial University, Sapporo, Japan