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RAG Vol 5 Issue 1 Roman Archaeology Group Inc Volume 5, Issue 1 March, 2010 The RAG Hadrian’s Wall Illuminated- IN THIS ISSUE A 1600th Anniversary La Turbie 2—3 There were Australians amongst visitors world The outcome was that in the 5th century what wide who attended in England this month to had been the Roman territory of Britannia fell Norah Cooper celebrate the anniversary of the withdrawal of into widespread social and material decline. Roman authority from Britain in AD 410. A revived appeal by the Britons for help The Cairn of Hani 4—5 On 13 March the anniversary was celebrated against the Saxons was made in 446 to Aëtius, by an illumination of the entire length of Ha- leading general of the Western empire. Again Karen Henderson drian’s Wall. 500 volunteers standing 250 me- the appeal was to no avail. Aëtius had enough ters apart over the 135 kilometres length of the to do trying to repel insurgents into Gaul and Wall lit up gas powered beacons thus creating Hispania. The plea made to Aëtius has become A Visit to Hadrian’s 6—8 for 30 minutes a line of light from Bowness- known, perhaps incorrectly, as the ‘groans of Villa (cont.) on-Solway at Cumbria’s west coast to the site the Britons’ from the terms in which it is re- of the Segedunum Roman Fort in Wallsend. corded by Gildas in De Excidio Britannae: Francesca Radcliffe Roman rule in Britain had effectively ended To Agitius [Aëtius? Agidius?], thrice consul, some years before 410 so that the year 410 is the groans of the Britons... we are driven to more a traditional date than an actual date of the sea by the barbarians, we are driven to Masuh/Masouh Jor- 8—10 Roman departure. It would not be correct to the barbarians by the sea, between these two dan envision a formal retreat or handover by the means of death we are either cut down or Romans. There was neither the sort of humili- drowned. Stafford Smith ating shambles that marked the departure of the US from Saigon on 30 April 1975, nor the In the battle of Dyrham in 577 the Saxons sort of pleasant ceremonial formality that would eventually take the Western cities of Book Review 11 marked the return of Hong Kong to China by Chichester, Bath and Gloucester. By then the the British on 1 July 1997. Rather it was more Romans had long departed from Britain, but David Kennedy a case of Rome fading (or slipping) away. the legacies of Roman rule are the forebears of London, Canterbury, Bath, Chichester, Dover, By the end of the 4th century internal disinte- Gloucester, Manchester, and York, and some gration resulting from barbarian incursion or 20 other well known and important cities of local revolt had worn down Roman resistance, modern England, along with significant road in particular because the Empire, under attack networks within and between them. The most in general from all sides, did not have the ca- obvious legacy by way of a landmark is Ha- pacity or will to supply reinforcements to its drian’s Wall. However, there are other Roman outposts. The Roman army in Britain in fact walls in Britain each of them famous, or at rebelled and in 407 appointed Constantine III least important in its own right: the Antonine as emperor. He promptly led his army, the Sec- Wall, the London Roman Wall, the Wall at ond Augusta, to Gaul where he was defeated Colchester, and the Roman walls at York, Chil- by the western emperor Honorius. With that chester and St Albans. There is also a structure loss a Roman military presence in Britain ef- at Leicester known as the ‘Jewry Wall’—the fectively ended, and later appeals by commu- remains of a Roman bathhouse and the largest nities in Britain to Honorius to provide secu- surviving part of a civil structure from Roman rity were rebuffed. Scots, Picts and Saxons Britain. made major incursions, and in 409 the Britons having lost all faith in Roman administration For all that the illumination of Hadrian’s Wall expelled the remaining Roman officials and was a fitting gesture to the commemoration of ‘Safaitic’—see page 4 looked to themselves for the provision of such the 1600th anniversary of Rome’s departure defences that they could muster. from Britain. Ed. Page 2 The RAG La Turbie - a magnificent Monument to Augustus in Provence Norah Cooper “There’s a monument to Augustus somewhere near Nice”, I was told before heading to Provence - a milestone or a small inscribed pillar, I suspected. Searching through guidebooks was not much help until I dis- covered a drawing under the section, History of France: the drawing was of a massive construction at La Turbie, a town standing in the mountains high above Monaco and 18 km from Nice. The monument, built to impress the people of the Roman Empire is still breathtakingly impressive two millennia later. La Turbie (in Italian "turbia") derives its name from tropea, the Latin for trophy. This particular trophy marks the end of the Alps in an area that was a sanctuary devoted to Heracles Monoikos (Monaikos is the Greek for Monaco). The Monu- ment celebrates Augustus’ victory over the people of the Alps Google Earth view of La Turbie monument who were finally subjugated between 25 and 14 BC. The Sen- ate dedicated it to Augustus in 7-6 BC. A dedication inscribed on the west face of the monument refers to the conquest of the On the western façade of the monument (photo next page oppo- 45 Alpine tribes. site), the dedication inscription was restored by Formigé from fragments found on the site and using text from Pliny the Elder La Turbie is on the highest point of the Via Julia Augusta built (1st century AD.) by Augustus between 13-12 BC, starting in Piacenza, Italy, and passing through La Turbie and onto Cimiez (Nice). Eventually The text states: the road was extended a further 240 km west to Arles where it joined the Via Domitia. The present day D2564 follows the Via To the Emperor Caesar Augustus, son of the divine Julius, Julia Augusta (see Google Earth map of region below). Pontifex Maximus, proclaimed Emperor for the fourteenth time, and invested with the seventeenth Tribunician Power, from the Senate and the Roman people, because under his lead- ership and auspices, all the Alpine people from the Upper Sea (the Adriatic) to the Lower Sea (the Tyrrhenean) have been subjugated to the power of the Roman people. Conquered Al- pine tribes (followed by the list of 45 tribes beginning with: Trumpilini…….. and ending with Suetri) On either side of the massive carved inscription are two Victo- ries and two Trophies - reliefs of Roman armour and arms above two captive Barbarians in chains (photo next page oppo- site). The monument is on a paved esplanade, with a high square podium topped by a round aedicule (a small building). Twenty- four columns surrounded a tower which probably had a statue of Augustus at the top. Originally 50 m high, today it only reaches 35 m and only 5 columns remain in the reconstruction. From the remains of the present day solid foundation it is obvi- ous that this was an enormous monument. The Trophy was extensively damaged from the 12th Century onwards until excavation work began in 1905 by the archaeolo- gist, Philippe Casimir. Between 1929 and 1933 reconstruction was carried out by the architect Jules Formigé and it was funded by a wealthy American, Edward Tuck. The reconstruc- tion team was heavily influenced by the conventions of twenti- eth century classical architecture so the reconstruction may not be true to the original. La Turbie Volume 5 Issue 1, March, 2010 Page 3 South face of La Turbie There is a small museum on the site with artefacts, fragments of carved stone, models and drawings of the reconstruction and it is worth visiting. Provence is one of the most beautiful places in the world and for the Romanophile it is also a treasure trove of wonderful sites to visit (see RAG 4.4 - “Roman Provence - From the Air” A modern staircase gives access to the colonnade area near the by David Kennedy). top of the monument with views of Monaco, west to Nice, east to Italy and the nearby Alps and the surrounding town of La Discovering Tropaeum Augusti, the Trophy of Augustus, was Turbie. From this vantage point you realise that not only can one of those unexpected, joyous moments in a holiday, when you see vast distances but the monument, at the top of the hill, you set out to find a site and it turns out to be truly wonderful. is starkly visible from all surrounding areas, a landmark for all References people and all time. Local limestone quarries, which would Bromwich, J. The Roman Remains of Southern France, 1993 have supplied the main foundation for the monument, are (London). nearby and visible to the east. Ed. Toman, R. Provence. Art. Architecture. Landscape. 2000 (Cologne). Trophée d’Auguste information pamphlet. Model of La Turbie— western façade Page 4 The RAG The Cairn of Hani– A Nomad on the borders of Roman Arabia Karen Henderson Karen Henderson, an Honours graduate in Classics and An- Smith) discovered that the site has been badly damaged since cient History (2006), is completing her first year of research the 1970s, despite its relative isolation from any nearby towns on “The Works of the Old Men” in Arabia: An Interpretive or cities. Many of the inscriptions seen by Harding and Mac- Aerial Survey of Ancient Stone-Built Structures in the Harrat Donald 30-40 years ago have been removed by the Depart- Harra, Northern Jordan” for a PhD.
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