Socio-Economic Value and Ethnobotanical Study of Moroccan Wild Leopoldia Comosa L
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Socio-economic value and ethnobotanical study of Moroccan wild Leopoldia comosa L. Parl. bulbs Mohamed Boulfia, Fatima Lamchouri, Nacima Lachkar, Abdelmajid Khabbach, Abdelouahab Zalaghi and Hamid Toufik Abstract Keywords: Income; Interviews; Questionnaire; Wholesalers; Province of Taza - Morocco. Background: Leopoldia comosa (L.) Parl. (Syn. Muscari comosum (L.) Mill.), or Toupee Muscari is a perennial in the Asparagaceae growing in Morocco Correspondence and the Mediterranean area. In the Moroccan Rif mountains, it is found in significant quantities. In the Mohamed Boulfia, Fatima Lamchouri*, Nacima spring, large quantities of the plant are marketed Lachkar, Abdelmajid Khabbach, Abdelouahab weekly in the souks (weekly markets) for export Zalaghi, Hamid Toufik abroad, mainly to Italy. Little research has been conducted on the species and its trade-in Morocco Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, or other southern Mediterranean countries. Given Environment, Modelling, Health & Quality of Life the lack of information about this plant, this study (SNAMOPEQ), Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taza, Sidi aims to reveal for the first time the socio-economic Mohamed Ben Abdellah University of Fez, B.P.: value and ethnobotanical data of this species in 1223 Taza-Gare, Taza, Morocco. Morocco. *Corresponding Author: Methods: Socio-economic and ethnobotanical data [email protected], were collected from March 2018 to May 2019 by [email protected] direct interviews with vendors and wholesalers of the plant using a designated questionnaire in seven Ethnobotany Research & Applications municipalities (Aknoul, Meknassa Acharqia, Bab 20:05 (2021) Marzouka, Bni Lent, Ras-El-Ma, Meknassa Al Gharbia, Oued Amlil) of the Province of Taza- Morocco. Résumé Contexte: Leopoldia comosa (L.) Parl. (Syn. Muscari Results: The results of the surveys revealed that comosum (L.) Mill.), ou Muscari à toupet est une Moroccan L. comosa bulbs are commonly known as plante vivace de la famille des Asparagacées qui "Bassila," and represent an important source of pousse au Maroc et dans la zone méditerranéenne, income for vendors and wholesalers. The profit on la trouve dans les régions du Rif avec des varies from 7 MAD / 0.64 € per kg of fresh bulb to 3 quantités importantes. Au printemps, de grandes MAD / 0.27 € per kg of fresh bulb for vendors and quantités de la plante sont commercialisées chaque wholesalers respectively. Locally, the bulbs are used semaine dans les souks (marché hebdomadaire) in the treatment of dermatological affections and pour une exportation à l’étranger, principalement digestive disorders. vers l’Italie mais aucune étude scientifique n’a été menée sur celle-ci ni au Maroc ni dans les pays Conclusions: L. comosa bulbs represent an méditerranéens sud. Vu le manque d’informations important source of income for the population and a sur cette plante, la présente étude vise à révéler pour promising source of bioactive molecules to treat la première fois la valeur socio-économique et les different diseases. Manuscript received: 22/10/2020 - Revised manuscript received: 26/12/2020 - Published: 02/01/2021 http://dx.doi.org/10.32859/era.21.05.1-17 2 ﻣﻣﻠﻟاتﻛ ﯾﺢﺗﺎﺎﻟاﻔ : ﺧل تﻣد؛ ﻘ؛ﻟا ﺟﺎ؛نﯾﺑﺑﺗاﺎﻼﺳ ﺎرﺗﻣﺟ ؛ﻟاﺔﻠ مﯾﻠﻗإ ةﺎزﺗ - données ethnobotaniques des bulbes de Leopoldia ﻟاﻐﻣر.ب .comosa L. Marocaine Méthodes: Les données socio-économiques et Background ethnobotaniques ont été recueillies de Mars 2018 à Leopoldia comosa L. of the Asparagaceae family is Mai 2019 par des interviews face à face avec les a wild, perennial plant that regenerates from a bulb exploitants et les grossistes de la plante en utilisant and is native to the Mediterranean region (Casoria et une fiche questionnaire dans sept communes al. 1999, Casacchia et al. 2017). In Morocco, the (Aknoul, Meknassa Acharqia, Bab Marzouka, Bni plant is widely distributed, commonly known as Lent, Ras-El-Ma, Meknassa Al Gharbia, Oued Amlil) "Bassila" with geographic dominance in the Rif and de la Province de Taza - Maroc. Middle Atlas regions (Valdés et al. 2002). During the spring period, large quantities of the plant are Résultats: Les résultats des enquêtes ont révélé que transported weekly in the souks (weekly market) for Leopoldia comosa marocaine communément marketing and export abroad, mainly to the Italian appelée «Bassila» constitue une source importante market (Khabbach et al. 2012). de revenus pour les exploitants et aussi pour les grossistes et que ces revenus varient de 7 MAD / According to our bibliographical research, no 0,64 € par kg de bulbe frais à 3 MAD / 0,27 € par kg scientific studies have been carried out on Leopoldia de bulbe frais pour les vendeurs et les grossistes comosa in Morocco or other southern Mediterranean respectivement. Localement, les bulbes sont utilisés countries. The only works we identified were from dans le traitement des affections dermatologiques et Italy where Casoria et al. (1999) reported L. comosa des troubles digestifs. as one of the wild plants most used in the food habits of the population of southern Italy and that the bulbs Conclusion: Leopoldia comosa représente une have diuretic and astringent proprieties (Casoria et source importante de revenus pour la population et al. 1999). In 2012, Bonasia and collaborators une source prometteuse des molécules bioactives reported L. comosa as is part of the diet and is used pour traiter différentes maladies. in traditional medicine in the treatment of gastronomic problems in the South. In the past in Mots-clés: Revenu ; Interviews ; Questionnaire ; Italy, the bulbs were mainly taken from wild Grossistes ; Province de Taza - Maroc. populations, but nowadays, the expansion of agriculture and the increased costs in harvesting have favored the import of the bulbs, mainly from ﻠﻟاﺧﻣص : North Africa and especially from Morocco and ﺎ:ﻟاقﯾﺳ .Leopoldia comosa (L.) Parl رﻣ ا فد Muscari .(comosum (L.) Mill. Tunisia (Bonasia et al. 2012 وأ Muscari à toupet وھ ﻧ ﺑ تﺎ رﻣﻌﻣ نﻣ نﻣ رﻣﻌﻣ تﺎ ﺑ ﻧ وھ ﯾﺻﻓ ﻠ ﺔ Asparagaceae ﻟاﺗﻲ ﻧﺗوﻣ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻟبا ﺔﻘﻧطﻣورﻐ رﺣضﻟا ﺑ ﯾﺑاﻷ ﺑ رﺣضﻟا ﺔﻘﻧطﻣورﻐ ﻣﻟبا ﻓﻲ ﻧﺗوﻣ Today, there is a progressive awareness of the وﺳﻣ،ط ﺗودﻟاﺗوﺟ ﯾتﻣﻛﺑ فﻲةﯾرﺑﺎﻛ رﻓق.ﻣ ﻟاﺎﯾطﻧ ﻓﻲ اﻟرﺑﯾﻊ، ﺗُﺑﺎع ﻛﻣﯾﺎت .medical and economic potential of natural resources ﺑﻛ ةرﯾ نﻣ هذھ ا ﻟ ﻧ ﺑ ﺔﺗ لﻛ عوﺑﺳأ ﻲﻓ اوقﺳﻷا اوقﺳﻷا( )ﺔﯾﻋوﺑﺳﻷا ﻟ رﯾدﺗﺻﻠ رﯾدﺗﺻﻠ ﻟ )ﺔﯾﻋوﺑﺳﻷا اوقﺳﻷا( اوقﺳﻷا ﻲﻓ عوﺑﺳأ لﻛ ﺔﺗ ﺑ ﻧ ﻟ ا هذھ نﻣ ةرﯾ ﺑﻛ Morocco and more particularly the province of Taza لﺎر،ﺧج ﻲﻠﻟﻛﺷ ﺳﺑ ﻧﺎأﺣوﺳ و،ﺎﯾﻟﺎﯾطإ ﻛﻟن ﺣﻟد نﻵا ﻟ م ﯾ ﺗ م ءاﺟإر يأ ﺔﺳارد ﺔﺳارد يأ ءاﺟإر م ﺗ ﯾ م ﻟ نﻵا ﺣﻟد is characterized by a rich floristic and natural ﺔﯾﻣﻠﻋ ﺎﮭﻧﻋ ءاوﺳ ﻓ ﻲ ا ﻟ برﻐﻣ وأ ﻲﻓ لود بوﻧﺟ ا ﻟ رﺣﺑ ﯾضﺑﻷا ا ﻟ .طﺳوﺗﻣ .ﺳﺗ ضﻷ ﺣ وﺟلدﻲ أبﻐ phytodiversity, which makes the province a ﻧظ ًرا ﻟﻘﻠﺔ اﻟﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺎت ﺣول ھذا اﻟﻧﺑﺎت، ﺗﮭدف اﻟدراﺳﺔ اﻟﺣﺎﻟﯾﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻛﺷف subsistence economy zone through the لوﻷ ةرﻣ نﻋ ا ﻟ ﻘ ﺔﻣﯾ ا اوﯾﺳوﺳﻟ ﻗ ﺔﯾدﺎﺻﺗ و رﺳ د ﺎﻟاﯾﻌﻣتط ﻹاﺛ ﯾﺟوﻟوﺑوﻧ ﺔ ﻟ ـ Leopoldia comosa commercialization of some products such as ةادﺟﻟاﺗوﻣ ﻐﻣﻟر.ﺎبﺑ Origanum spp, Ziziphus spp, and Capparis spinosa L. (Khabbach et al. 2012). Within the framework of ﺎﻷاﺳ ﻟ :بﯾ ﺟ ﻊﻣمﺗ ا ﻟ ﺎتﻧﺎﯾﺑ ا دﺎﺗﺻﻗاوﯾﺳوﺳﻟ ﺟوﻟوﺑوﻧﺛﻹاوﺔﯾ نﻣﺔﯾ رﺎسﻣ رﺎسﻣ نﻣﺔﯾ ﺟوﻟوﺑوﻧﺛﻹاوﺔﯾ the valorization of the plants of origin of Taza, we 2018 ﻣﻰ ﯾوﻟإﺎ 2019 نﻣ لﻼﺧ ﻘﻣ ﺎ تﻼﺑ ﺑﻣ ةرﺷﺎ ﻊﻣ ﻲﻣدﺧﺗﺳﻣ ﺑو ﺎ ﻲﻌﺋ ﻲﻌﺋ ﺎ ﺑو ﻲﻣدﺧﺗﺳﻣ ﻊﻣ ةرﺷﺎ ﺑﻣ تﻼﺑ ﺎ ﻘﻣ لﻼﺧ نﻣ have chosen for the present study, Leopoldia ﺔﺗﺑﻟاﻧ كذﺔوﻠﻟﻣﺟﺎﺑ ﺳماﺗدﺎﺧﺳﻟﺑ ﯾﻋﺑﺳﻊىﺑﺳﺗا ﻰ ﺗوﺑنﻣ ﺎﻠ ﯾ(تدﻠ ﻧ،ولﻛأﺎ ﻧ،ولﻛأﺎ ﯾ(تدﻠ ﺎﻠ ﺗوﺑنﻣ ﻰ ﯾﻋﺑﺳﻊىﺑﺳﺗا ﺳماﺗدﺎﺧﺳﻟﺑ كذﺔوﻠﻟﻣﺟﺎﺑ ﺔﺗﺑﻟاﻧ comosa, a very abundant plant in our study area but ﻧﻛﻣ ﺔﺳﺎ ا ﻗرﺷﻟ ،ﺔﯾ ﺑ بﺎ ،ﺔﻗوزرﻣ ﺑ ﻲﻧ ﻟ ،تﻧ أسر ا ،ءﺎﻣﻟ ﻧﻛﻣ ﺔﺳﺎ ا ﺑرﻐﻟ ،ﺔﯾ داو داو ،ﺔﯾ ﺑرﻐﻟ ا ﺔﺳﺎ ﻧﻛﻣ ،ءﺎﻣﻟ ا أسر ،تﻧ ﻟ ﻲﻧ ﺑ ،ﺔﻗوزرﻣ بﺎ ﺑ ،ﺔﯾ ﻗرﺷﻟ ا ﺔﺳﺎ ﻧﻛﻣ .few studies on this plant ﻠﻣا )لﯾ ﻲﻣﺗﻧﺗ ﻰ مﯾﻠﻗﻟإإ ةﺎزﺗ - ﻟاﻐﻣرب . -This study aims to assess for the first time the socio :ﺋﺞﺎﺗﻟاﻧ تﻔﺷﻛ ﻧ ﺗ ﺎ ﺞﺋ تﺎﻋﻼطﺗﺳﻻا نأ Leopoldia comosa ﺔﯾﻟاﺑﻐﻣر ﺔﯾﻟاﺑﻐﻣر economic value and ethnobotanical data of this plant ﻟاﺔﻓﻌﻣرو ﺎﯾﮭﺧرمﻣﺻلﺳﺑﺻ د"مد ﻠ ﻣلﻟ"ﺧﺑﺔﺳﻲ ﻛﺗﻣﺷﻣد ﻧ ذﻛوﺔﺗﺑﺗﻟا ك ﻟ ك ذﻛوﺔﺗﺑﺗﻟا ﻧ ﻛﺗﻣﺷﻣد ﻣلﻟ"ﺧﺑﺔﺳﻲ ﻠ د"مد ﺎﯾﮭﺧرمﻣﺻلﺳﺑﺻ ﻟاﺔﻓﻌﻣرو using a questionnaire which contains two parts, the ﺟﺗﻟﺎرﺟ .ﺔﻠﻟﻣا واحﺗرﯾ ﺑﺢﻟرا ﻣن 7 رد ا مھ / 0.64 ووﯾر لﻛﻟ ﯾﻛ ارﻏوﻠ م إ ﻰﻟ 3 first deals with the medicinal aspect of the plant such مھارد نﻣ ا ﻟ ﻧ ﺑ ﺔﺗ ا ﺔﯾرطﻟ ﻟ ﻠ ﺑ ﺎ نﯾﻌﺋ رﺎﺟﺗو ا ﺔﻠﻣﺟﻟ ﻰﻠﻋ ا ﻟ اوﺗ .ﻲﻟ ﻠﺣﻣ ﯾ ،ﺎ مدﺧﺗﺳﺗ مدﺧﺗﺳﺗ ،ﺎ ﯾ ﻠﺣﻣ .ﻲﻟ اوﺗ ﻟ ا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻠﻣﺟﻟ ا رﺎﺟﺗو نﯾﻌﺋ ﺎ ﺑ ﻠ ﻟ ﺔﯾرطﻟ ا ﺔﺗ ﺑ ﻧ ﻟ ا نﻣ مھارد ,as the part used, method of use and preparations ضﺟ ھﻷﺑرﺔﺔفﺑﯾﺻجطﻟاﻟاﻧدﻠ ﻷﻣﻼ ﻌﺔﻟاﯾاﺧﺔدﺗ ﺎا ااورطﺿ ﺎتﺑ ا زﺎﮭﺟﻟ زﺎﮭﺟﻟ ا ﺎتﺑ ااورطﺿ nutritional value, the dose used and the main ﻟاﮭﻣﺿ.ﻲ diseases treated and the second the socio-economic aspect which was concerning the sale price in kg, the ﻟاﺧﻼ:ﺔﺻ لﺛﻣﺗ Leopoldia comosa دوﻣر لﺧد مﮭﻣ ﻟ نﺎﻛﺳﻠ ا ﻠﺣﻣﻟ ﯾ نﯾ نﯾ ﯾ ﻠﺣﻣﻟ ا نﺎﻛﺳﻠ ﻟ مﮭﻣ لﺧد دوﻣر quantity of the plant sold per year, the quantity of the وﻣﺻد ًرا ﻣﮭﻣﺎ ﻟﻠﺟزﯾﺋﺎت اﻟﻧﺷطﺔ ﺑﯾوﻟوﺟﯾًﺎ ﻟﻌﻼج اﻷﻣراض اﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ. 3 plant harvested per day or per week, number of Respondents were informed of the objectives of the employees per household and total income per year. study and the fact that the information collected will be posted for scientific and non-commercial Material and Methods purposes and thus agreed to participate in the Socio-economic and Ethnobotanical Data survey.