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Groundwater Remedies Selected at Superfund Sites (PDF)

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Groundwater Remedies Selected at Superfund Sites (PDF) a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a aa a a a a aa a a a aa a aa a a a a aa a aaa a a a a aa a a a a aa aaa a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a aa a a a a a a a aa a aaa a a aa a a aaa a aa a a a a a a a aa aa a aa a aaa a a aaaa a a aa Contents: ○○○○○○○○ Contents Section Page Acronyms .................................................................................................................... iii Groundwater Remedies Selected at Superfund Sites Superfund at Selected Remedies Groundwater Notice ........................................................................................................................ iv Acknowledgment ....................................................................................................... v Executive Summary ................................................................................................... vi Overview ....................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 1 Remedy Selection Background ......................................................................................................... 1 Remedies Addressed in This Report ................................................................................................. 1 Sources of Information for This Report ........................................................................................... 2 Definitions of Specific Treatment Technologies ............................................................................ 2 Section 1: Overview of Remedy Decisions ............................................................ 4 Groundwater Treatment and MNA RODs Signed by Year ............................................................. 4 Groundwater Remedy Selection at Sites on the NPL ..................................................................... 5 Groundwater P&T Remedy Optimization ........................................................................................ 7 Section 2: Common Groundwater Remedies ...................................................... 8 Groundwater Treatment RODs .......................................................................................................... 8 Groundwater P&T Remedy Selection ............................................................................................... 9 Selection of MNA ................................................................................................................................. 9 Selection of In Situ Treatment ........................................................................................................ 11 Section 3: In Situ Groundwater Treatment Technologies ............................... 13 Most Common Technologies for In Situ Groundwater Treatment .......................................... 14 Contaminants Addressed ................................................................................................................ 15 ROD Sequence .................................................................................................................................. 15 Future Data Needs ............................................................................................................................ 16 Section 4: References and Data Sources ............................................................. 17 APPENDICES A Groundwater Remedies Selected in Records of Decision at Sites on the National Priorities List B Identification of Remedy and Record of Decision Types for Superfund Remedial Actions i TABLES Table 1 Types of Remedies ....................................................................................... 1 Table 2 Types of Groundwater Remedies ............................................................. 2 Table 3 Years in Operation for 67 Superfund Remedial Action P&T Systems .... 7 Table 4 FRTR Case Studies for Groundwater P&T, In Situ Treatment, and MNA ....................................................................................................... 13 Table 5 Superfund Remedial Actions: In Situ Groundwater Treatment Technologies at 81 Sites Selecting These Technologies (FY 1982 - FY 1999) ......................................................................................... 14 FIGURES Figure 1 RODs Selecting Groundwater and Source Control Remedies (FY 1982 - FY 1999) ....................................................................................... 4 Figure 2 Remedy Types Selected at Sites on the National Priorities List Groundwater Remedies Selected at Superfund Sites Superfund at Selected Remedies Groundwater (FY 1982 - FY 1999) ...................................................................................... 5 Figure 3 Sites with P&T, In Situ Treatment, or MNA Selected as Part of a Groundwater Remedy (FY 1982 - FY 1999) ............................................ 6 Figure 4 RODs Selecting MNA-Only and RODs Selecting Groundwater Treatment (FY 1982 - FY 1999) ................................................................. 8 Contents: Figure 5 Selection of P&T for Superfund Remedial Actions (FY 1986 - FY 1999) ...................................................................................... 9 Figure 6 Selection of MNA for Superfund Remedial Actions (FY 1986 - FY 1999) .................................................................................... 10 Figure 7 Trend in the Selection of MNA for Superfund Remedial Actions (FY 1986 - FY 1999) .................................................................................... 10 Figure 8 Selection of In Situ Groundwater Treatment for Superfund Remedial Actions (FY 1986 - FY 1999) ................................................... 11 Figure 9 Trend in the Selection of In Situ Groundwater Treatment for Superfund Remedial Actions (FY 1986 - FY 1999) .............................. 12 Figure 10 Superfund Remedial Actions: Cumulative Trends for In Situ Groundwater Treatment Technologies (FY 1982 - FY 1999) ............ 14 Figure 11 Contaminants Treated by In Situ Groundwater Treatment Technologies for Superfund Remedial Actions (FY 1982 - FY 1999) ..... 15 ii Acronyms: Acronyms ASR Annual Status Report OERR Office of Emergency and BTEX Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, Remedial Response and xylene OSC On-scene coordinator Groundwater Remedies Selected at Superfund Sites Superfund at Selected Remedies Groundwater CERCLIS 3 Comprehensive Environmental OSWER Office of Solid Waste and Response, Compensation, and Emergency Response Liability Information System OU Operable unit CLU-IN EPA’s hazardous waste CLeanUp P&T Pump and treat INformation system PAH Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency pdf Portable document format ESD Explanation of significant PRB Permeable reactive barrier differences ROD Record of Decision FRTR Federal Remediation Technologies RPM Remedial Project Manager Roundtable RSE Remedial System Evaluation FY Fiscal year SVE Soil vapor extraction MNA Monitored natural attenuation SVOC Semivolatile organic compound NA/NFA No action/no further action TIO Technology Innovation Office NAPL Nonaqueous phase liquid VEB Vertical engineered barrier NPL National Priorities List VOC Volatile organic compound iii Notice If you do not have access to the Internet, a printed version of this document can be obtained from: This document was prepared by the U.S. National Service Center for Environmental Environmental Protection Agency’s Technology Publications Innovation Office under EPA Contract Number U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 68-W-99-020. Mention of trade names or P.O. Box 42419 commercial products does not constitute Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419 endorsement or recommendation for use. Telephone: (513) 489-8190 or (800) 490-9198 For more information about this project, please Fax: (513) 489-8695 contact: When ordering, refer to document number EPA- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 542-R-01-022. Technology Innovation Office 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. MS 5102G Washington, DC 20460 Telephone: (703) 603-9910 Groundwater Remedies Selected at Superfund Sites Superfund at Selected Remedies Groundwater http://clu-in.org/groundwater or www.epa.gov/TIO Notice: A portable document format (pdf) version of Groundwater Remedies Selected at Superfund Sites is available for viewing or downloading from the Hazardous Waste Cleanup Information (CLU-IN) web site at http://clu-in.org/groundwater. A printed copy can also be ordered directly from CLU-IN. iv Acknowledgment: Acknowledgment This document was prepared for EPA’s Technology Innovation Office under Contract Number 68-W- 99-020. Special acknowledgment is given to the federal and state staff and other remediation professionals for individual sites, who provided the detailed information presented in this document. Their cooperation and willingness to share their expertise on treatment technologies encourages the Sites Superfund at Selected Remedies Groundwater application of those technologies at other sites. v ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Executive Summary Remedy Selection Trends: • The percentage of groundwater remedy RODs Over a 17-year period from 1982 through 1999 that selected only P&T has decreased from (years discussed in this report are fiscal years [FY]), 92% in 1986 to 30%
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