Encountering Ancient Athenian Spaces of Rhetoric, Democracy, and Woman Mari Lee Mifsud
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The Labours of Heracles (Part 1)
The Labours of Heracles (part 1) Long ago, a baby boy was asleep in a nursery. The door was open to let the cool breeze waft into the room. However, it was not just the air that could enter the room. First one, and then a second snake slithered in through the gap. They had been sent by the goddess Hera, Queen of Heaven. It’s hard to understand how anyone, even a goddess, could hold anything against innocent children, but her immortal heart was filled with hatred for the baby boy. His mother was a human woman, but his father was none other than Zeus, Lord of Heaven, and husband of Hera. In short, Hera was jealous. The snakes slid towards the bed. The baby stretched and yawned. The viper who was out in front stuck out his tongue and hissed. It reared its head to see if it could reach the top of the mattress. That was the last thing it did, because the boy shot out his hand and grabbed it by the neck. The other snake slid swiftly across the floor towards him, but the child grabbed that one too and began to shake it violently. The nurse heard the commotion came rushing into the nursery, but it was too late – for the snakes. The boy, whose name was Heracles, had killed them both. The boy grew into a teenager, and he was without doubt the strongest human who had ever walked on the face of the Earth. Still young, he was a formidable sight, with his towering height and his huge muscles. -
Folktale Types and Motifs in Greek Heroic Myth Review P.11 Morphology of the Folktale, Vladimir Propp 1928 Heroic Quest
Mon Feb 13: Heracles/Hercules and the Greek world Ch. 15, pp. 361-397 Folktale types and motifs in Greek heroic myth review p.11 Morphology of the Folktale, Vladimir Propp 1928 Heroic quest NAME: Hera-kleos = (Gk) glory of Hera (his persecutor) >p.395 Roman name: Hercules divine heritage and birth: Alcmena +Zeus -> Heracles pp.362-5 + Amphitryo -> Iphicles Zeus impersonates Amphityron: "disguised as her husband he enjoyed the bed of Alcmena" “Alcmena, having submitted to a god and the best of mankind, in Thebes of the seven gates gave birth to a pair of twin brothers – brothers, but by no means alike in thought or in vigor of spirit. The one was by far the weaker, the other a much better man, terrible, mighty in battle, Heracles, the hero unconquered. Him she bore in submission to Cronus’ cloud-ruling son, the other, by name Iphicles, to Amphitryon, powerful lancer. Of different sires she conceived them, the one of a human father, the other of Zeus, son of Cronus, the ruler of all the gods” pseudo-Hesiod, Shield of Heracles Hera tries to block birth of twin sons (one per father) Eurystheus born on same day (Hera heard Zeus swear that a great ruler would be born that day, so she speeded up Eurystheus' birth) (Zeus threw her out of heaven when he realized what she had done) marvellous infancy: vs. Hera’s serpents Hera, Heracles and the origin of the MIlky Way Alienation: Madness of Heracles & Atonement pp.367,370 • murders wife Megara and children (agency of Hera) Euripides, Heracles verdict of Delphic oracle: must serve his cousin Eurystheus, king of Mycenae -> must perform 12 Labors (‘contests’) for Eurystheus -> immortality as reward The Twelve Labors pp.370ff. -
The Romanization of Attic Ritual Space in the Age of Augustus
The Romanization of Attic Ritual Space in the Age of Augustus Item Type text; Electronic Thesis Authors Benavides, Makayla Lorraine Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction, presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 30/09/2021 14:30:47 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/633170 THE ROMANIZATION OF ATTIC RITUAL SPACE IN THE AGE OF AUGUSTUS by Makayla Benavides ____________________________ Copyright © Makayla Benavides 2019 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF RELIGIOUS STUDIES AND CLASSICS In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2019 1 7 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Master's Committee, we certify that we have read the thesis prepared by Makayla Benavides titled The Romanizationof Attic Ritual Space in the Age ofAugustus and recommend that it be accepted as fulfillingthe dissertation requirement for the Master's Degree. Date: .r- / - :.?CJ/ 5f David Soren Date: S - I - 2..o I � Mary E Voyatzis David Gilman Romano Date: ----- [Committee Member Name} Final approval and acceptance of this thesis is contingent upon the candidate's submission of the final copies of the thesis to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this thesis prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfillingthe Master's requirement. -
The University of Chicago How to Move a God: Shifting
THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO HOW TO MOVE A GOD: SHIFTING RELIGION AND IMPERIAL IDENTITIES IN ROMAN ATHENS A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BY JOSHUA RAMON VERA CHICAGO, ILLINOIS JUNE 2018 Copyright © 2018 Joshua Ramon Vera All rights reserved. For Katharyn, άγκυρα µου Contents List of Illustrations vi Acknowledgements vii Abstract xi Introduction: Shifting Landscapes, Shifting Identities 1 Between Tradition and Transition 12 Religious Buildings or Building Religions? 22 Peeling back the Palimpsest 27 Chapter I: A Reputation for Piety 32 The Most God-fearing, as They Say: Classical Athenian Piety 33 The Possession of the Gods: The City as a Sacred Landscape 37 Shrines Made by Human Hands: The Early Christian View 41 Greater than Others in Piety: The Second-Century Perspective 47 The Glory of Your Ancestors: Imagining a Landscape 51 Equal or Opposite Reactions? 56 Whose Landscape Is It Anyway? 65 Chapter II: Memorials to Ancient Virtue 72 Imaging Athens 73 The Emergence of a Core 79 The Classical Image 84 The Heart of the City 95 The Hellenistic Image 103 The Roman Image 107 The Emergence of a Double Core 113 The Hadrianic Image 118 The Mark of the City 123 iv Chapter III: By the People, For the People? 132 Reduced, Reused, or Upcycled? 134 The Road to Recovery 137 Old Money, New Men 140 Roman Plans, Roman Hands? 145 Let Slide the Gods of War 149 A Tale of Two Staircases 161 A Tale of Two Streets 166 Office Space 180 By the -
Erymanthian Boar Ceryneian Hind Stymphalian Birds
The PhiLOsOPher’s sTOVe The PhiLOsOPher’s sTOVe is really excited to cater for SoundCamp on May 2nd & 3rd at the Stave Hill Ecological Park. We are sure that soundwise everything will be awesome. Foodwise, things look like we have you covered. Given the sounds and the scenery, we came up with a few imaginative dishes and asked a good old friend-superhero-semigod, for some help. As Hercules is used in running errands [sometimes called labours], he didn’t let us down… Erymanthian Boar Succulent pork* marinated with white wine, honey, and white grape juice, a secret mix of roasted spices including thyme, aniseed and cumin in an organic ciabatta or malted grain roll. Served with cabbage the Athenian way. £8 Ceryneian Hind Cubes of tender kid goat** marinated in milk, honey, and black pepper. Served in an organic ciabatta or malted grain roll with a mix salad of radicchio, chicory and rocket. £8 Stymphalian Birds Free range chicken, with olives, onion, marinated in caraway seeds, asafoetida and ginger. £7 Apples of Hesperides [vegetarian] Fig, hard mature cheese, oyster mushrooms and asparagus tips marinated in honey, extra virgin olive oil and lemon. £6 Any two meat souvlaki of your choice for £14 A choice of matching wines will be available * Free range Norfolk Pork. ** Supplied by the British farmers Cabrito Goat Meat. The PhiLOsOPher’s sTOVe The PhiLOsOPher’s sTOVe Sunday lunch option [no fancy name as Hercules asked for the day off] Skillet pies Individual pies, based in a 2500 year old recipe –still in use in small villages in Crete- filled with wild greens and fennel roasted/fried in olive oil over an open fire. -
The Ionic Friezes of the Hephaisteion in the Athenian Agora
The Ionic Friezes of the Hephaisteion in the Athenian Agora Katerina Velentza King’s College London Classical Archaeology Class of 2015 Abstract: This paper examines in depth all the features of the Ionic friezes of the Hephaisteion, their architectural position, their visibility, their iconography, their audience, their function and the intention of their construction. In contrast to the existing scholarship that examines separately single aspects of these architectural sculptures, in this research I have tried to investigate the Hephaisteion Ionic friezes as a whole and incorporate them in the ensemble of the other preserved Ionic friezes of fifth-century BC Attic Doric temples. My research started during the summer 2014 when I was working in the excavations of the Athenian Agora conducted by the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. During this time I had the opportunity to familiarise myself in detail with the topography, the monuments of the site of the Agora and the excavation reports of the American School and carry out an autopsy in the Hephaisteion. Additionally, I was granted permission from the First Ephorate of Classical Antiquities, to enter the interior of the Parthenon in order to investigate in detail the architectural position and the visibility of the copies of the Ionic frieze still standing at the Western side of the temple. I also visited the temple of Poseidon at Sounion and the Archaeological Museum of Lavrion to examine the Ionic frieze surviving from this temple. Through the autopsy of these three temples and their Ionic friezes and after the detailed study of modern scholarship, I tried to understand and interpret the function and the purpose of the Ionic friezes within Athenian Doric temples as well as their broader cultural and historical context. -
A Dangerous Game: Boar Hunting Symbolism from the Ancient Greeks
A Dangerous Game: Boar Hunting Symbolism from the Ancient Greeks to Romans Cole S. Hollingsworth HIST 489: Research Seminar October 28, 2018 Copyright for this work is owned by the author. The digital version is published in McIntyre Library, University of Wisconsin – Eau Claire with the consent of the author. Contents List of Figures…..………………………………………………………………………………...iii Abstract……..…………………………………………………………………………………….iv Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………..1 Historiography………………………………………………………………………………….....3 Where It All Began: Greek Mythology and the Image of the Boar Hunt………………………...7 The Reality of the Game: Xenophon On Hunting……………………………………………….14 A Masculine Game: The Royal Macedonian Boar Hunting Practice……………………………22 A Noble Game: Rome and the Boar Hunt……………………………………………………….26 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………….30 Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………………..31 ii List of Figures Figure 1: Hercules Amphora……………………………………………………………………..8 Figure 2: Column Krater………………………………………………………………………...19 Figure 3: Boar Hunt Mosaic……………………………………………………………………..22 iii Abstract This paper will discuss the differences in symbolism of the boar hunt between the ancient Greeks and the ancient Romans. Using a variety of primary sources, including vase paintings, mosaics and literary accounts from the period, this paper will seek to inform the reader how the mythic accounts of the boar hunt by the Greeks turned into a trophy hunt for the Romans. Besides looking at the two powers, a careful look at royal Macedonian boar hunting culture will seek to “bridge the gap” between the cultural transfer from Greek to Roman. iv Introduction Here was the lair of a huge boar among some thick brush-wood, so dense that the wind and rain could not get through it, nor could the sun’s rays pierce it, and the ground underneath lay thick with fallen leaves. -
Notes on Three Athenian Cult Places
NOTES ON THREE ATHENIAN CULT PLACES The· name of the late Professor Ant. D. Kbramopouwos is closely linked to the study of early Athens. The follow ing article is dedicated to his memory. PYTHION AND OLYMPION A crucial problem in the topography of early Athens has to do with the two primitive sanctuaries of Pythian Apollo and Olympian Zeus, which Thucydides (II 15) cites as proof of the location and extent of the early city. Near these two cult places was an altar of Zeus Astrapaios from which, as Strabo informs us1, the Py- thaistai watched for the lightning to flash over Harma, before they set out for their sacred mission to Delphi. Were these the shrines located on the North Slope of the Acropolis, a little above the Klepsydra (Fig. l), or are they the sanctuaries of the same name, in the southeastern section of the ancient city2 ? The arguments for the former view were set forth by A. D. KeramopoulloS in I92913, 2so convincingly that some scholars regard the problem as definitely settled 4 . * It is not necessary to discuss here all the factors that have a bearing on the question, since this has been done many times in the past, and especially in the art icle by KeramopoulloS. But there are still scholars who hold to the view that there was no cult of Zeus on the North Slope of the Acropolis and that the Pythion par excel lence was that near the Temple of Zeus southeast of the Acropolis. In an article pub lished in 1959 R. -
Barbara E. Borg Who Cared About Greek Identity? Athens in the First
Originalveröffentlichung in: N. Wiater – Th. Schmitz (Hg.), The Struggle for Identity. Greeks and their Past in the First Century BCE, Stuttgart 2011, S. 213-234 Barbara E. Borg Who Cared about Greek Identity? Athens in the First Century BCE1 Ethnic identities have been very much at the centre of scholarly research in recent years - and, looking at our own world, this hardly comes as a surprise. In Classics, the issue informed research especially on the so-called Second Sophistic. Many of the characteristics of Greek literature of the second century CE, especially its interest in the Greeks' great past and its anachronistic, artificial language, have been interpreted as an ostentatious expression of Greek identity boosting morale in a world dominated by Romans.2 For quite some time, this phenomenon was regarded as primarily a literary one. More recently, however, attention has been drawn to the fact that this reference to the Greek past of the Classical age in both form and content, was not restricted to literature and oratory but rather informed the habitus of the elite in general, and had an impact on almost all fields of life, from burial customs to decoration of houses and public buildings. Cities referred to their foundation myths not only in eulogies but also in their coin images and in relief decoration of porticoes, arches, and temples. Athenian citizens styled themselves not necessarily according to common Roman fashion but according to the hairstyles of their great intellectual heroes from the classical age, and decorated their sarcophagi with the battle of Marathon.3 It is an obvious step to try and trace these strategies back to their beginnings, and ask whether these ostentatious expressions of Hellenisms were prompted by the establishment of Roman rule in the first century BCE - possibly in a 'struggle for Greek identity'4 under the threat of overpowering Roman presence. -
War and the Warrior: Functions of Ares in Literature and Cult1
War and the Warrior: Functions of Ares in Literature and Cult Alexander T. Millington UCL Dissertation submitted for the degree of PhD in History 2013 1 I, Alexander Millington, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 2 Abstract This dissertation presents a new interpretative synthesis of the sources relating to the cults, identities, and functions of the god Ares, focusing on the Archaic and Classic periods. An apparent dichotomy is identified: in many respects, the evidence suggests that Ares must have been a very important god throughout much of the Greek world throughout the Archaic and Classic periods (and beyond), but in other respects the evidence suggests that he was not. I argue that this dichotomy does not derive from changes in the popularity, relevance, or nature of the god, as has been proposed. Instead, I argue that the elements of Ares’ cults and representations which suggest that Ares was unpopular or unimportant derive from those which made him important and continually relevant. I argue that because Ares was identified with war, attitudes towards the god directly reflect Greek attitudes towards war. War’s importance as an element of Greek life, and the god’s power as a causal force with it, led to deep respect for Ares, reflected by widespread cult, and a place among the great Olympians. But the wild, destructive, and unpredictable nature of war, which Ares represented, meant that he was not a regular recipient of large-scale celebratory cult. -
Heroes and Monsters Heroes and Monsters
HEROES AND MONSTERS EXPLOITS OF PERSEUS TO THE DEATH OF HERCULES HEROES AND MONSTERS – SUMMARY Greek folklore only begins with the stories of the Greek Gods. The second category of Greek mythology involves human, or semi-human heroes, and a spectacular array of monsters and villains. These hero legends are often associated a specific town or region and may have been loosely based on historical characters, since the aristocratic classes in many Greek cities claimed descent from them. The four most important Greek heroes are Perseus, Jason and the Argonauts, Theseus, and Hercules. There are elaborate stories detailing the exploits of the four heroes mentioned above, most of which involve fending off some of the most creatively horrible monsters ever imagined. Perseus, for example, needed to capture the head of Medusa, a snake-haired gorgon whose horribly ugly visage turned men instantly into stone. Theseus, a prince of Athens, is most famous for killing the Minotaur, a man-eating half-man, and half-bull, responsible for the deaths of hundreds of young Athenian. Jason and the Argonauts met with dozens of adventures on their voyage, including run-ins with fire-breathing bulls, bronze giants wielding gigantic boulders, flying witches who stole food from sailors' mouths, bewitching maidens who lured soldiers to their death, a sorceress who turned men into animals and a sea-monster who sucked ships into a giant whirlpool. And all of the monsters so far discussed are just a PERSEUS AND THE GORGONS prelude to the amazing creatures that contended with Hercules, the greatest of the Greek heroes. -
Ancient Athenian Building Methods (1984) 22
EXCAVATIONS OF THE ATHENIAN AGORA PICTURE BOOKS I. Pots and Pam of Classical Athens (1959) 2. The Stoa of Attalos II in Athens (revised 1992) 3. Miniature Sculpturejom the Athenian Agora (1959) 4. The Athenian Citizen (revised 1987) 5. Ancient Pot?raits+om the Athenian Agora (1963) 6. Amphoras and the Ancient Wine Trade (revised 1979) 7. The Middle Ages in the Athenian Agora (1961) 8. Garden Lore of Ancient Athens (1963) 9. Lampsjom the Athenian Agora (1964) 10. Imcriptionsjom the Athenian Agora (1966) I I. Waterworks in the Athenian Agora (1968) 12. An Ancient Shopping Center: The Athenian Agora (revised 1993) 13. Early Burialsjom the Agora Cemeteries (1973) 14. Grafiti in the Athenian Agora (revised 1988) I 5. Greek and Roman Coim in the Athenian Agora (1975) 16. The Athenian Agora: A Short Guide (revised 1986) French, German, and Greek editions 17. Socrates in the Agora (1978) I 8. Mediaeval and Modem Coim in the Athenian Agora (I 978) 19. Gods andHeroer in the Athenian Agora (1980) 20. Bronzeworkers in the Athenian Agora (1982) 21. Ancient Athenian Building Methods (1984) 22. Birds ofthe Athenian Agora (1985) These booklets are obtainable from the American School of Classical Studies at Athens c/o Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, N.J. 08540, U.S.A. They are also available in the Agora Museum, Stoa of Attalos, Athens ISBN 87661-626-0 Excavations of the Athenian Agora, Picture Book No. 21 Prepared by John McK. Camp I1 and William B. Dinsmoor, Jr. Produced by The Stinehour Press, Lunenburg, Vermont o American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 1984 Front cover: Doric entablature of the Middle Stoa, mid-2nd century B.