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Mon Feb 13: / and the Greek world Ch. 15, pp. 361-397 Folktale types and motifs in Greek heroic review p.11 Morphology of the Folktale, Vladimir Propp 1928 Heroic quest

NAME: -kleos = (Gk) glory of Hera (his persecutor) >p.395 Roman name: Hercules

divine heritage and birth: Alcmena + -> Heracles pp.362-5 + Amphitryo -> Zeus impersonates Amphityron: "disguised as her husband he enjoyed the bed of Alcmena" “Alcmena, having submitted to a and the best of mankind, in Thebes of the seven gates gave birth to a pair of twin brothers – brothers, but by no means alike in thought or in vigor of spirit. The one was by far the weaker, the other a much better man, terrible, mighty in battle, Heracles, the unconquered. Him she bore in submission to ’ cloud-ruling son, the other, by name Iphicles, to , powerful lancer. Of different sires she conceived them, the one of a human father, the other of Zeus, son of Cronus, the ruler of all the ” pseudo-, Shield of Heracles

Hera tries to block birth of twin sons (one per father) born on same day (Hera heard Zeus swear that a great ruler would be born that day, so she speeded up Eurystheus' birth) (Zeus threw her out of when he realized what she had done)

marvellous infancy: vs. Hera’s serpents Hera, Heracles and the origin of the

Alienation: Madness of Heracles & Atonement pp.367,370 • murders wife and children (agency of Hera) , Heracles

verdict of Delphic :

must serve his cousin Eurystheus, king of -> must perform 12 Labors (‘contests’) for Eurystheus -> as reward

The Twelve Labors pp.370ff. 1-6 In Peloponnesus (Greek mainland) map p, 7-12 Worldwide pp.376-385 371 1. The Nemean : 7. The :* also in of , impenetrable hide -> chapter 17 new attributes: club, lionskin 2. The Lernaean : 8. The Horses of -poisonous , multiple heads side deed rescue of from -help from sidekick -H. takes poison for his arrows 3. The Ceryneian Deer 9. The Girdle of *: queen of , by Black romance > murder (Hera meddles) 4. The *10. The Cattle of : beyond Pillars of Heracles () -borrowed cup of -Italian side-myth: Heracles at future site of , -slays a who steals his cattle 5. The Augean Stables 11. The of the : -guarded by Titan who held up on his shoulders side deed: Heracles vs

6. The 12. : the 3-headed hound of the underworld

*the locations of these labors are important to know

Other adventures • rescued • rescued and on the of • Helped Zeus defeat Relationships with women • Megara • (p. 388) -- they switched clothes • ( was jealous of her) • Deianira (p. 389-94) "preserved in a bronze container for many a year I keep an old gift of the ancient which, still a maid, I took from the shaggy as he lay dying< weltering in his blood." " [Nessus told me ] 'This charm will never fail to bind his [Heracles'] heart: End of Heracles as a mortal: /Deification pp.389-94

scroll down for practice questions Heracles practice questions

1. A greek hero pictured wearing a lionskin and carrying a club is probably a. b. Heracles c. d.

2 Heracles' death was cuased by a. Zeus b. the c. his frenzied mother and sisters d. a piece of clothing sent to him by his wife Deianira

3. Which was particularly hostile to Hercules? a. b. c. Hera d.

4. When Zeus visited Alcmena he assumed the form of a. a shower of gold b. a c. a bull d. her husband

5. The name Heracles carries the etymological meaning a. son of Hera b. lover of Hera c. enemy of Hera d. glory of Hera

6. The weaker mortal for whom Heracles was forced to perform the twelve Labors was a. Amphitryon b. Omphale c. Eurystheus d. Geryon

7. You see a painting of a large man wearing women's clothing of rish Asian design which are too small for him. He is accompanied by a woman wearing a lion skin, which is too large for her, The man in the painting is most likely a. b. c. d. Heracles

8. Which of the following labors of Heracles took him beyond the ? a. the Stables of b. the Nemean Lion c. The Stymphalian Birds d. The Cattle of Geryon

9. Deianira caused the death of Heracles by a. shooting him with an arrow dipped in the blood of the Hydra b. giving him a piece of clothing treated with the blood of Nessus c. poisoning his food d. telling that Heracles had killed and eaten one of her sacred stags

10. Heracles demonstrates his at an early age when he a. lifted his crib over his head with one hand b. threw a across the Aegean Sea c. strangled two serpents sent by Hera with his bare hands d. picked up his mother right after he was born

11. The reason that Heracles' arrows were so deadly was a. they had been dipped in the river b. they had been dipped in the blood of the c. they were a gift from d. they were given to him by Athena scroll down for the answers

1. b 2. d 3. c 4. d 5. d 6. c 7. d 8. d 9. b 10. c 11. b