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Main Angkor Wat Temple Complex. (World Factbook) 2 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance Table of Contents Welcome - Note from the Director 7 About the Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance 8 Acknowledgments 9 Country Disaster Response Handbook Series Overview 11 Executive Summary 12 Country Overview 13 A. Culture 14 B. Demographics 18 Key Population Centers 19 Economics 20 C. Environment 22 Borders 22 Geography 23 Climate 23 Disaster Threat Analysis 27 A. Hazards 28 Natural 28 Man-Made 34 Infectious Diseases 34 B. Endemic Conditions 36 Government 43 Cambodia Disaster Management Reference Handbook | February 2014 3 A. Government Structure for Disaster Management 45 B. Government Capacity and Capability 52 C. Laws, Policies and Plans on Disaster Management 52 D. Cambodian Military Role in Disaster Relief 55 E. Foreign Assistance 58 Infrastructure 61 A. Airports 62 B. Ports 63 C. Inland Waterways 64 D. Land (Roads/Bridges/Rail) 64 E. Hospitals and clinics 67 F. Schools 68 G. Utilities 71 Power 71 Water and Sanitation 72 H. Systemic factors Impacting Infrastructure 73 Building Codes 73 Traditional Homes in Cambodia 74 Health 75 A. Structure 76 B. Surveillance and reporting 78 C. Management of Dead Bodies after Disasters 81 D.Sexual and Reproductive Health in Disasters 81 E. Psychological and Mental Assistance in Disasters 84 Communications 89 A. Communications structures 90 B. Early Warning Systems 90 4 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance C. Management of Missing Persons 93 Disaster Management Partners in Cambodia 95 A. U.S. Agencies 96 U.S. DoD 97 U.S. Embassy 98 USAID/OFDA 98 Other U.S Agencies 100 B. International Partners 102 Donors 104 Regional Partners 110 C. United Nations 111 D. NGOs 128 International NGOs 130 Local/National NGOs 152 F. Academic Institutions 155 Appendices 159 A. Disaster Statistics 160 B. National and International Laws 170 C. DMHA Engagements with U.S. DoD 172 D. Hydro Electric 176 E. Force Protection 179 F. Contact List 182 G. Abbreviation List 185 H. Useful References 188 I. Country Background 192 J. Sources 196 K. Endnotes 206 Cambodia Disaster Management Reference Handbook | February 2014 5 Mekong River Tour Boat at Phnom Penh. (World Factbook) 6 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance Welcome - Note from the Director January 2, 2014 Dear Reader, The Center for Excellence in Disaster Manage- ment and Humanitarian Assistance (CFE-DMHA) has a mandate to provide and facilitate education, training, and research in civil-military operations, particularly operations that require international disaster management and humanitarian assistance and operations that require coordination between the Department of Defense and other agencies. In line with that mandate, CFE has conducted research to create reference books on disaster management roles, processes, capabilities and vulnerabilities. This Disaster Management Reference Handbook for Cambodia is designed to provide decision makers, planners and responders a comprehensive under- standing of in-country disaster management plans and structures, including information on key domes- tic disaster response entities, basic country back- ground, and local and international humanitarian organizations present in the country. CFE produces country reference books to provide a commonly available baseline of information regarding disaster management environments. Cambodia is subject to a variety of disasters including floods, droughts, and storms, and this reference provides a context for country-specific factors that influence disaster management. This reference book has been compiled by CFE from publicly available sources. It is a working document and will be periodically updated to reflect changes in information. We request your feedback to improve this document and help fill any gaps to enhance its future utility. Please send any feedback or questions to Mr. Alberto Morales at alberto.mo- [email protected]. Sincerely, PAMELA K. MILLIGAN Director CFE-DMHA Cambodia Disaster Management Reference Handbook | February 2014 7 Information about the Center for Excellence in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance Overview Contact Information The Center for Excellence in Disaster Manage- Center for Excellence in Disaster Management and ment and Humanitarian Assistance is a U.S. Depart- Humanitarian Assistance ment of Defense organization that was established by 456 Hornet Ave U.S. Congress in 1994 and is a direct reporting unit to JBPHH HI 96860-3503 U.S. Pacific Command. The Center is located on Ford Telephone: (808) 472-0518 Island, Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, Hawaii. The http://www.cfe-dmha.org Asia-Pacific region is our priority of effort and collabo- ration is the cornerstone of our operational practice. CFE-DMHA was founded because of a worldwide need based on lessons learned in complex humanitar- ian emergencies that took place in the Balkans, the African Great Lakes Region, Somalia and the Middle East since the beginning to mid-1980s. The need was for integrated education, training, certification, op- erational research, and interagency cooperation and coordination among many agencies and organizations, both civilian and military, to provide relief and regional stability. Our Mission Facilitate collaborative partnerships, conduct ap- plied research, and develop education, training, and information sharing programs in order to enhance U.S. and international civil-military preparedness, knowl- edge, and performance in disaster management and humanitarian assistance. Vision Promote excellence in disaster management by con- necting people, improving coordination, and building capability. 8 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance U.S. Pacific Command The U.S. Pacific Command (USPACOM) protects and defends, in concert with other U.S. Government agencies, the Acknowledgments territory of the United States, its The Center for Excellence in Disaster Man- people, and its interests. With allies and partners, agement and Humanitarian Assistance would USPACOM is committed to enhancing stability like to acknowledge the following partners for in the Asia-Pacific region by promoting security their valuable contributions to this handbook: cooperation, encouraging peaceful development, responding to contingencies, deterring aggres- sion, and, when necessary, fighting to win. This approach is based on partnership, presence, and military readiness. USPACOM recognizes the global significance of the Asia-Pacific region and understands that challenges are best met together. Consequently, USPACOM will remain an engaged and trusted partner committed to preserving the security, stability, and freedom upon which enduring US Agency for International Development prosperity in the Asia-Pacific region depends. USAID staff work in more than 100 countries (www.pacom.mil) around the world to further America’s foreign policy interests in expanding democracy and free markets while also extending a helping hand to people struggling to make a better life, recover from a disaster or striving to live in a free and democratic country. (www.usaid.gov) International Medical Corps United Nations Office for the International Medical Corps (IMC) is a global Coordination of Humanitar- humanitarian nonprofit organization dedicated to saving lives and relieving suffering through ian Affairs health care training and relief and development Regional Office for Asia and the programs. Established in 1984 by volunteer doc- Pacific (OCHA-ROAP) tors and nurses, International Medical Corps is a private, voluntary, nonpolitical, nonsectarian OCHA plays a key role in co- organization. (www.internationalmedicalcorps. ordinating international human- org) itarian preparedness and response in the region. OCHA’s work in Asia and the Pacific is focused around four key areas: Emergency preparedness; Emergency Response; Regional partnerships; and, Humanitarian analysis. OCHA in Asia and the Pacific supports 36 countries and 14 territories. It has offices in Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Indonesia, Japan, the Philippines and Papua New Guinea. It also has regional offices in Fiji and Thailand. (www.unocha.org/roap/) Cambodia Disaster Management Reference Handbook | February 2014 9 Golden Lion on a Mekong River waterfront. (World Factbook) 10 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance local NGOs, and key U.S. agencies and programs Disaster Management in the country, are also provided. The overall aim is to provide a guide that brings together impor- Reference Handbook tant information about disaster management and response for each country in an effort to provide a Series Overview basic understanding for the reader. The Disaster Management Reference Hand- Information in the handbooks are compiled book Series is intended to provide decision and based primarily on trusted, reliable, publicly- makers, planners, responders and disaster man- available sources. Much of the information used agement practitioners with an overview of the is from U.S. or other government sources, UN disaster management structure, policies, laws, sources, NGO websites, scholarly references, and plans for each country covered in the series. foreign government websites, and various media Overviews of natural and man-made threats most sources. likely to affect the country are discussed. The Whenever further information available may handbooks also provide
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