The Development and Regional Variations of Liubo
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The Textiles of the Han Dynasty & Their Relationship with Society
The Textiles of the Han Dynasty & Their Relationship with Society Heather Langford Theses submitted for the degree of Master of Arts Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Centre of Asian Studies University of Adelaide May 2009 ii Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the research requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Centre of Asian Studies School of Humanities and Social Sciences Adelaide University 2009 iii Table of Contents 1. Introduction.........................................................................................1 1.1. Literature Review..............................................................................13 1.2. Chapter summary ..............................................................................17 1.3. Conclusion ........................................................................................19 2. Background .......................................................................................20 2.1. Pre Han History.................................................................................20 2.2. Qin Dynasty ......................................................................................24 2.3. The Han Dynasty...............................................................................25 2.3.1. Trade with the West............................................................................. 30 2.4. Conclusion ........................................................................................32 3. Textiles and Technology....................................................................33 -
Ps TOILETRY CASE SETS ACROSS LIFE and DEATH in EARLY CHINA (5 C. BCE-3 C. CE) by Sheri A. Lullo BA, University of Chicago
TOILETRY CASE SETS ACROSS LIFE AND DEATH IN EARLY CHINA (5th c. BCE-3rd c. CE) by Sheri A. Lullo BA, University of Chicago, 1999 MA, University of Pittsburgh, 2003 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Arts & Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2009 Ps UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH FACULTY OF ARTS & SCIENCES This dissertation was presented by Sheri A. Lullo It was defended on October 9, 2009 and approved by Anthony Barbieri-Low, Associate Professor, History Dept., UC Santa Barbara Karen M. Gerhart, Professor, History of Art and Architecture Bryan K. Hanks, Associate Professor, Anthropology Anne Weis, Associate Professor, History of Art and Architecture Dissertation Advisor: Katheryn M. Linduff, Professor, History of Art and Architecture ii Copyright © by Sheri A. Lullo 2009 iii TOILETRY CASE SETS ACROSS LIFE AND DEATH IN EARLY CHINA (5th c. BCE-3rd c. CE) Sheri A. Lullo, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2009 This dissertation is an exploration of the cultural biography of toiletry case sets in early China. It traces the multiple significances that toiletry items accrued as they moved from contexts of everyday life to those of ritualized death, and focuses on the Late Warring States Period (5th c. BCE) through the Han Dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE), when they first appeared in burials. Toiletry case sets are painted or inlaid lacquered boxes that were filled with a variety of tools for beautification, including combs, mirrors, cosmetic substances, tweezers, hairpins and a selection of personal items. Often overlooked as ordinary, non-ritual items placed in burials to comfort the deceased, these sets have received little scholarly attention beyond what they reveal about innovations in lacquer technologies. -
Reading Excavated Laozi: the Lens of Western Scholarship*
Cultural and Religious Studies, February 2020, Vol. 8, No. 2, 102-108 doi: 10.17265/2328-2177/2020.02.003 D D AV I D PUBLISHING Reading Excavated Laozi: The Lens of Western Scholarship* Ka-lai Chan Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China There has been an increasing interest in the Chinese excavated documents of western scholars. With different version of excavated Laozi, it attracts the attention of researchers. This paper examines the study of unearthed Laozi by western scholars by using Mawangtui and Guodia Laozi,attempts to give readers a basic picture of unearthed Laozi study in western academia.Since there is no way that I can hope to introduce all western studies of unearthed Laozi, this paper will restrict the presentation to just the following topic: Mawangtui Laozi, Guodian Laozi, “Tai Yi Sheng Shui”, “Wu Xing”, and Methodology. Keywords: Laozi, Excavated Laozi, Chinese Unearthed Documents Introduction The purpose of this article is to give a relatively comprehensive survey of western Sinologists’ studies of Laozi (老子) from the pre-Qin through Han periods. This idea comes from an article written by Martin Kern and he raises a question that deserves attention (Kern, 2019). He points out monolingualism and monoculturalism are the fundamental limitations of the current ancient Chinese studies in Mainland China. Too many Chinese scholars cannot master any foreign languages. Even if a translation works has been published, Chinese scholars have so far paid very little attention to them. Of course, many translation works also have mistranslations. I believe the problems he mentioned are common in Mainland China nowadays. -
Landscape Analysis of Geographical Names in Hubei Province, China
Entropy 2014, 16, 6313-6337; doi:10.3390/e16126313 OPEN ACCESS entropy ISSN 1099-4300 www.mdpi.com/journal/entropy Article Landscape Analysis of Geographical Names in Hubei Province, China Xixi Chen 1, Tao Hu 1, Fu Ren 1,2,*, Deng Chen 1, Lan Li 1 and Nan Gao 1 1 School of Resource and Environment Science, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road 129, Wuhan 430079, China; E-Mails: [email protected] (X.C.); [email protected] (T.H.); [email protected] (D.C.); [email protected] (L.L.); [email protected] (N.G.) 2 Key Laboratory of Geographical Information System, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road 129, Wuhan 430079, China * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel: +86-27-87664557; Fax: +86-27-68778893. External Editor: Hwa-Lung Yu Received: 20 July 2014; in revised form: 31 October 2014 / Accepted: 26 November 2014 / Published: 1 December 2014 Abstract: Hubei Province is the hub of communications in central China, which directly determines its strategic position in the country’s development. Additionally, Hubei Province is well-known for its diverse landforms, including mountains, hills, mounds and plains. This area is called “The Province of Thousand Lakes” due to the abundance of water resources. Geographical names are exclusive names given to physical or anthropogenic geographic entities at specific spatial locations and are important signs by which humans understand natural and human activities. In this study, geographic information systems (GIS) technology is adopted to establish a geodatabase of geographical names with particular characteristics in Hubei Province and extract certain geomorphologic and environmental factors. -
Historical Study on the Relation Between Ancient Chinese Cuju and Modern Football
2018 4th International Conference on Innovative Development of E-commerce and Logistics (ICIDEL 2018) Historical Study on the Relation between Ancient Chinese Cuju and Modern Football Xiaoxue Liu1, Yanfen Zhang2, and Xuezhi Ma3 1Department of Physical Education, China University of Geosciences, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, P. R. China 2Department of Life Sciences; Xinxiang University, Xinxiang Henan Province, Eastern Section of Hua Lan Road, Hongqi District, Xinxiang City, Henan, China 3Beijing Sport University Wushu School, Information Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Keywords: Ancient Chinese Cuju, Modern Football, Relationship, Development, The Same Origin Abstract: This paper studies on the origin and development of Chinese Cuju through document retrieval. Born in the period of Dongyi civilization, Chinese Cuju began to take shape during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period, and gradually flourished during the Qin, Han, Tang and Song dynasties. Through the economic and cultural exchange between China and the West in the past ages, Cuju was introduced into Europe when Mongol expedited westward in Yuan Dynasty. Finally, it has become the modern football, which originated from ancient Chinese Cuju and developed from European competition rules and now is widely accepted and popular in the world. 1. The Cultural Background of the Study On July 15th, 2004, Mr. Blatter, the president of FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) officially announced in the 3rd session of Soccerex Fair, that football originated in Zibo, the capital of Qi State during the Spring and Autumn Period of ancient China. Cuju (ancient football game) began in China, while modern football (eleven -player game) originated in England. -
The History of Military Divination in China1
EASTM 24 (2005): 15-43 The History of Military Divination in China1 Robin D.S. Yates [Robin D.S. Yates is James McGill Professor of History and East Asian Studies at McGill University, Chair of the Society for the Study of Early China and Edi- tor of Early China. He received his Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1980. He collaborated with Joseph Needham in writing Science and Civilisation in China, Volume 5, part 6, “Military Science and Technology” (1994) and is currently completing Volume 5, part 8, the third and final volume on the military in the Science and Civilisation in China series.] * * * Introduction The publication of Chen Songchang’s 陳 松 長 Mawangdui boshu “Xingde” yanjiu lungao 馬 王 堆 帛 書《刑 德》研 究 論 稿,2 in which the full transcrip- tions and analysis of the three versions (jia 甲, yi 乙, bing 丙) of the Xingde 刑 德 manuscripts found at Mawangdui in 1973 were presented to the scholarly world for the first time, was an important event for the study of the Mawangdui manuscripts and of Chinese military history. These hitherto neglected texts throw much light on one complex system of military divination and complement the numerous studies that have appeared over the past thirty years on the other philosophical, medical, and historical manuscripts found in the tomb. This paper will offer some preliminary reflections on the history of Chinese military divina- tion in general within the context of Chinese military practice. It will seek to demonstrate that, although ignored by most previous researchers on Chinese military studies (bingxue 兵 學), divination for military purposes (bingzhan 兵 占) was one of the fundamental features of warfare in pre-modern China. -
Local Authority in the Han Dynasty: Focus on the Sanlao
Local Authority in the Han Dynasty: Focus on the Sanlao Jiandong CHEN 㱩ڎ暒 School of International Studies Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences University of Technology Sydney Australia A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Technology Sydney Sydney, Australia 2018 Certificate of Original Authorship I certify that the work in this thesis has not previously been submitted for a degree nor has it been submitted as part of requirements for a degree except as fully acknowledged within the text. I also certify that the thesis has been written by me. Any help that I have received in my research work and the preparation of the thesis itself has been acknowledged. In addition, I certify that all information sources and literature used are indicated in the thesis. This thesis is the result of a research candidature conducted with another University as part of a collaborative Doctoral degree. Production Note: Signature of Student: Signature removed prior to publication. Date: 30/10/2018 ii Acknowledgements The completion of the thesis would not have been possible without the help and support of many people. Firstly, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Associate Professor Jingqing Yang for his continuous support during my PhD study. Many thanks for providing me with the opportunity to study at the University of Technology Sydney. His patience, motivation and immense knowledge guided me throughout the time of my research. I cannot imagine having a better supervisor and mentor for my PhD study. Besides my supervisor, I would like to thank the rest of my thesis committee: Associate Professor Chongyi Feng and Associate Professor Shirley Chan, for their insightful comments and encouragement; and also for their challenging questions which incited me to widen my research and view things from various perspectives. -
Transmission of Han Pictorial Motifs Into the Western Periphery: Fuxi and Nüwa in the Wei-Jin Mural Tombs in the Hexi Corridor*8
DOI: 10.4312/as.2019.7.2.47-86 47 Transmission of Han Pictorial Motifs into the Western Periphery: Fuxi and Nüwa in the Wei-Jin Mural Tombs in the Hexi Corridor*8 ∗∗ Nataša VAMPELJ SUHADOLNIK 9 Abstract This paper examines the ways in which Fuxi and Nüwa were depicted inside the mu- ral tombs of the Wei-Jin dynasties along the Hexi Corridor as compared to their Han counterparts from the Central Plains. Pursuing typological, stylistic, and iconographic approaches, it investigates how the western periphery inherited the knowledge of the divine pair and further discusses the transition of the iconographic and stylistic design of both deities from the Han (206 BCE–220 CE) to the Wei and Western Jin dynasties (220–316). Furthermore, examining the origins of the migrants on the basis of historical records, it also attempts to discuss the possible regional connections and migration from different parts of the Chinese central territory to the western periphery. On the basis of these approaches, it reveals that the depiction of Fuxi and Nüwa in Gansu area was modelled on the Shandong regional pattern and further evolved into a unique pattern formed by an iconographic conglomeration of all attributes and other physical characteristics. Accordingly, the Shandong region style not only spread to surrounding areas in the central Chinese territory but even to the more remote border regions, where it became the model for funerary art motifs. Key Words: Fuxi, Nüwa, the sun, the moon, a try square, a pair of compasses, Han Dynasty, Wei-Jin period, Shandong, migration Prenos slikovnih motivov na zahodno periferijo: Fuxi in Nüwa v grobnicah s poslikavo iz obdobja Wei Jin na območju prehoda Hexi Izvleček Pričujoči prispevek v primerjalni perspektivi obravnava upodobitev Fuxija in Nüwe v grobnicah s poslikavo iz časa dinastij Wei in Zahodni Jin (220–316) iz province Gansu * The author acknowledges the financial support of the Slovenian Research Agency (ARRS) in the framework of the research core funding Asian languages and Cultures (P6-0243). -
Identification of the Proto-Inkstone by Organic Residue Analysis: a Case Study from the Changle Cemetery in China
Ren et al. Herit Sci (2018) 6:19 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-018-0184-3 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Identifcation of the proto‑inkstone by organic residue analysis: a case study from the Changle Cemetery in China Meng Ren1,2, Renfang Wang3 and Yimin Yang2* Abstract The inkstone is a specifc writing implement in China that was popularized since the Han Dynasty (202 BC–AD 220). A rectangular/round grinding plate accompanied with a grinding stone is considered as a kind of proto-inkstone. How- ever, little scientifc investigation has been performed to support this hypothesis. In this paper, a micro-destructive approach, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS), were employed to analyse the black residues on a grinding plate and a grinding stone excavated from the Changle Cemetery (202 BC–AD 8) in northwestern China. The FTIR and Raman analyses indicated that the residues were ancient ink. GC–MS analysis further identifed that the residues were pine- soot ink, based on the relative abundances of the main polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as the detection of conifer biomarkers. The trace of animal glue was not detected in the residues; thus, the ink was possibly formed as small pellets and the small grinding stone was necessary to assist during the ink-grinding process. This study confrms that this set of stone implements is indeed an early type of inkstone, and ofers some insight into the co-evolution relationship between ink production and inkstone shapes. Keywords: Chinese inkstone, Shape, Pine-soot ink, Dehydroabietic acid Introduction and culture. -
The Use of Digital Technologies to Enhance User Experience at Gansu Provincial Museum
The Use of Digital Technologies to Enhance User Experience at Gansu Provincial Museum Jun E1, Feng Zhao2, Soo Choon Loy2 1 Gansu Provincial Museum, Lanzhou, 3 Xijnxi Road 2 Amber Digital Solutions, Beijing, Shijingshan, 74 Lugu Road, Zhongguo Ruida Building, F809, 100040, China [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract. This paper discusses the critical issues faced by Gansu Provincial Museum in attracting and maintaining its audiences, and how it engages digital technology to create new compelling exhibits via the use of both digital and multimedia tools. Real life examples using virtual reality, augmented reality and interactive games will be briefly discussed. Keywords: Smart Museum, CAVE, Sand Model, Digitization 1 Introduction As digital technology evolves, more and more conventional museums are exploring new and innovative methods to go beyond the mere display of physical artefacts. Gansu provincial museum is no otherwise. The urge to engage technologies becomes stronger as visitors become more affluent and are seeking more enriching experiences that digital technologies can provide. Technologies that can share deeper contextual information about the museum’s cultural artefacts include touch screens, projectors, multi-medias, virtual reality and interactive games. However, all these are made possible and be exploited to the very best only if the cultural exhibits are digitally available. Digital exhibits provide opportunities for the production of new information by recreating interactive models and incorporating visual and sound effects. Such end products form better and efficient tools for disseminating valuable information about the artefacts than if they were merely displayed physically. 1.1 Objectives of the paper This paper discusses how Gansu Provincial Museum engages digital technology to resolve its main issue of creating new compelling exhibits via the use of both digital and multimedia tools. -
Tracing Changes in Acu- Moxa Therapy During the Transition from the Tang to the Song Dynasties 1
EASTM 18 (2001): 75-11 I Changing Standards: Tracing Changes in Acu moxa Therapy During the Transition from the Tang to the Song Dynasties 1 Asaf Goldschmidt [Asaf Goldschmidt is a lecturer at Tel Aviv University, Israel. He received his Ph.D. in History and Sociology of Science from the University of Pennsylvania in I 999. His dissertation was on "The transformations of Chinese medicine dur ing the Northern Song dynasty (920-1127)." The dissertation analysed how by the end of the Northern Song dynasty three past medical approaches converged into one comprehensive medical system. He is currently working on a history of the first imperially sponsored pharmacy in China and on the influence of the Song emperor Huizang on medicine.] * * * Acupuncture is probably one of the most renowned topics when traditional Chi nese medicine is discussed. Indeed, more often than not, when people discuss traditional Chinese medicine one of the first issues they discuss is acu-moxa therapy (see definition below). Acu-moxa therapy is certainly one of the most intriguing and unintuitive therapeutic skills in the arsenal of traditional Chinese medicine. However in spite of this, little research has been conducted on the history of this topic. Existing works mostly concentrate on either the question of the origin of acu-moxa therapy or provide a general overview of its history.2 This paper offers a different approach - it compares the contents of six surviving texts of acu-moxa therapy dating to the late Tang and early Song dynasties. By com paring the contents of these works, I attempt to examine changes in the manu scripts available to practitioners of that era. -
Three Kingdoms Unveiling the Story: List of Works
Celebrating the 40th Anniversary of the Japan-China Cultural Exchange Agreement List of Works Organizers: Tokyo National Museum, Art Exhibitions China, NHK, NHK Promotions Inc., The Asahi Shimbun With the Support of: the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, NATIONAL CULTURAL HERITAGE ADMINISTRATION, July 9 – September 16, 2019 Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in Japan With the Sponsorship of: Heiseikan, Tokyo National Museum Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd., Notes Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance Co.,Ltd., MITSUI & CO., LTD. ・Exhibition numbers correspond to the catalogue entry numbers. However, the order of the artworks in the exhibition may not necessarily be the same. With the cooperation of: ・Designation is indicated by a symbol ☆ for Chinese First Grade Cultural Relic. IIDA CITY KAWAMOTO KIHACHIRO PUPPET MUSEUM, ・Works are on view throughout the exhibition period. KOEI TECMO GAMES CO., LTD., ・ Exhibition lineup may change as circumstances require. Missing numbers refer to works that have been pulled from the JAPAN AIRLINES, exhibition. HIKARI Production LTD. No. Designation Title Excavation year / Location or Artist, etc. Period and date of production Ownership Prologue: Legends of the Three Kingdoms Period 1 Guan Yu Ming dynasty, 15th–16th century Xinxiang Museum Zhuge Liang Emerges From the 2 Ming dynasty, 15th century Shanghai Museum Mountains to Serve 3 Narrative Figure Painting By Qiu Ying Ming dynasty, 16th century Shanghai Museum 4 Former Ode on the Red Cliffs By Zhang Ruitu Ming dynasty, dated 1626 Tianjin Museum Illustrated