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HOLOCAUST DENIAL IS a FORM of HATE SPEECH Raphael Cohen
HOLOCAUST DENIAL IS A FORM OF HATE SPEECH ∗∗∗ Raphael Cohen-Almagor Introduction Recently Facebook confirmed that it has disabled a group called ‘I Hate Muslims in Oz.’ Barry Schnitt explained: “We disabled the ‘I Hate Muslims in Oz’ group… because it contained an explicit statement of hate. Where Holocaust-denial groups have done this and been reported, we’ve taken the same action”.1 Facebook distinguishes between ‘explicit statement of hate’ and Holocaust denial. Its directors believe that Holocaust denial is not hateful per se and does not therefore contravene the company’s terms of service. The terms of service say: “You will not post content that is hateful, threatening, pornographic, or that contains nudity or graphic or gratuitous violence”. 2 Schnitt said: “We’re always discussing and evaluating our policies on reported content, but have no plans to change this policy at this time. In addition to discussing it internally, we continue to engage with third-party experts on the issue”.3 In this short piece I wish to take issue with the assertion that Holocaust denial is not hateful per se . My aim is to show that it is, and therefore that Facebook should reconsider its position. All Internet providers and web- hosting companies whose terms of service disallow hateful messages on their servers should not host or provide forums for such hate-mongering. This is of urgent need as Holocaust denial is prevalent in Europe, the United States (USA) and across the Arab and Muslim parts of the world. Iran’s regime, under the disputed leadership of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, has made questioning the Holocaust one of the centerpieces of its radical ∗ Educator, researcher and human rights activist. -
UNDER ORDERS: War Crimes in Kosovo Order Online
UNDER ORDERS: War Crimes in Kosovo Order online Table of Contents Acknowledgments Introduction Glossary 1. Executive Summary The 1999 Offensive The Chain of Command The War Crimes Tribunal Abuses by the KLA Role of the International Community 2. Background Introduction Brief History of the Kosovo Conflict Kosovo in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Kosovo in the 1990s The 1998 Armed Conflict Conclusion 3. Forces of the Conflict Forces of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslav Army Serbian Ministry of Internal Affairs Paramilitaries Chain of Command and Superior Responsibility Stucture and Strategy of the KLA Appendix: Post-War Promotions of Serbian Police and Yugoslav Army Members 4. march–june 1999: An Overview The Geography of Abuses The Killings Death Toll,the Missing and Body Removal Targeted Killings Rape and Sexual Assault Forced Expulsions Arbitrary Arrests and Detentions Destruction of Civilian Property and Mosques Contamination of Water Wells Robbery and Extortion Detentions and Compulsory Labor 1 Human Shields Landmines 5. Drenica Region Izbica Rezala Poklek Staro Cikatovo The April 30 Offensive Vrbovac Stutica Baks The Cirez Mosque The Shavarina Mine Detention and Interrogation in Glogovac Detention and Compusory Labor Glogovac Town Killing of Civilians Detention and Abuse Forced Expulsion 6. Djakovica Municipality Djakovica City Phase One—March 24 to April 2 Phase Two—March 7 to March 13 The Withdrawal Meja Motives: Five Policeman Killed Perpetrators Korenica 7. Istok Municipality Dubrava Prison The Prison The NATO Bombing The Massacre The Exhumations Perpetrators 8. Lipljan Municipality Slovinje Perpetrators 9. Orahovac Municipality Pusto Selo 10. Pec Municipality Pec City The “Cleansing” Looting and Burning A Final Killing Rape Cuska Background The Killings The Attacks in Pavljan and Zahac The Perpetrators Ljubenic 11. -
National Report of Argentina for the 8Th Review Meeting
CONTENTS GLOSSARY VII INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. General concepts 1 1.2. National policy in the nuclear field 2 1.3. National program corresponding to nuclear installations 2 1.4. Summary of the main subjects contained in the Report 3 1.4.1. Actions taken in the light of the Fukushima Daiichi Accident 4 1.4.1.1. External events 6 1.4.1.2. Loss of safety functions 6 1.4.1.3. Severe accident management 7 1.4.1.4. Emergency preparedness 7 1.4.2. Compliance with the principles of the Vienna Declaration 8 1.4.2.1. New design of nuclear power plants 8 1.4.2.2. Safety reviews for existing nuclear powers plants 9 1.4.2.2.1. Periodic Safety Review 9 1.4.2.2.2. Stress Test 10 1.4.2.2.3. Operating Experience Feedback 10 1.4.2.3. National requirements and standards 10 CHAPTER 2 – FOLLOW-UP FROM THE SEVENTH REVIEW MEETING 11 2.1. Challenge 1: The Regulatory Authority to prepare and host the IRRS Mission in 2018 11 2.2. Challenge 2: Salto Mission to Atucha I 11 2.3. Challenge 3: Resolution of issues with Atucha I and II RPV in-vessel retention and 12 external cooling arising from foro stress tests 2.4. Challenge 4: The Regulatory Authority to conduct licensing activities on CAREM 25 12 Small Modular Prototype Reactor under construction following principle 1 of the VDNS 2.5. Challenge 5: External Emergency Control Centre located far from Embalse NPP 13 2.6. -
Oecd Review of the Statistical System and Official
2 Table of contents INTRODUCTION: THE ORIGIN, PREPARATION AND CONDUCT OF THIS REVIEW 5 CHAPTER 1: THE LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR ARGENTINA’S STATISTICS 8 CHAPTER 2. STATISTICAL INFRASTRUCTURE 35 1. Introduction 35 2. Population, household and housing census, and population register 35 3. Statistical Population Register 40 4. International Standards and Classifications 41 5. Economic Census 45 6. Statistical Business Register 46 7. Census of Agriculture 49 CHAPTER 3. NATIONAL ACCOUNTS AND PUBLIC SECTOR DEBT STATISTICS 53 1. Introduction 53 2. Non-financial national accounts statistics 53 3. Financial national accounts statistics 66 4. Public Sector Debt statistics 68 5. Supply-and-use tables 72 CHAPTER 4. PRICE STATISTICS 75 1. Introduction 75 2. Consumer Price index and Producer Price Index 75 3. Residential Property Price Index (RPPI) 85 CHAPTER 5. STRUCTURAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC BUSINESS STATISTICS 86 1. Introduction 86 2. OECD data and metadata requirements for SDBS 86 3. Evaluation of SDBS data of Argentina 88 4. Overall assessment and recommendations 91 CHAPTER 6. INDICES OF PRODUCTION AND DEMAND - REAL INDICATORS 93 1. Introduction 93 2. OECD Data and Metadata Requirements for indices of production and demand 93 3. Evaluation of indices of production and demand of Argentina 95 4. Overall assessment and recommendations 98 CHAPTER 7. INTERNATIONAL TRADE BY COMMODITY STATISTICS (ITCS) AND TRADE BY ENTERPRISE CHARACTERISTICS (TEC) 100 1. International Trade by Commodity Statistics (ITCS) 100 2. Trade by Enterprise Characteristics (TEC) 106 CHAPTER 8. BALANCE OF PAYMENTS AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES STATISTICS 110 1. Introduction 110 2. OECD Data and Metadata Requirements for Balance of Payments Statistics and International Trade in Services Statistics 110 3. -
Holocaust Denial in Australia
ABSTRACT This paper explores the nature of Holocaust denial in Australia. It does so through a study of the beliefs and activities of the three organizations for whom Holocaust denial is a central belief: the Australian League of Rights, the Australian Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), and the Adelaide Institute. Their activities, their international ties, and their relationship with the broader racist Right in Australia is considered. The paper concludes by reflecting on the future directions and responses to Holocaust denial. INTRODUCTION The nature of Australian Holocaust denial organizations, their activities, and their place in broader far Right circles is different from denial organizations in other countries. This is explained by the dominant role of the Australian League of Rights in far Right politics, the civil liberties origins of the Australian Civil Liberties Union, the lack of sizeable neo- Nazi groups in Australia, and the dominance of anti-Aboriginal and anti- Asian issues on the far Right agenda. In addition, unlike many European countries where denial is explained as a response to their wartime collaboration with the Nazis, this motive does not exist in Australia which fought against the Nazis and her allies. Although Holocaust denial is a fringe activity in Australia, it has significantly increased over the last two decades with a concomitant growth in collaboration between Australian and overseas Holocaust deniers. This is not just a Jewish concern for Holocaust deniers have become a leading element within the racist Right with whom they share a common worldview. This is because in addition to their antisemitism, Australian Holocaust deniers expound racist and xenophobic policies and views. -
Illicit Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts, Components and Ammunition To, from and Across the European Union
Illicit Trafficking in Firearms, their Parts, Components and Ammunition to, from and across the European Union REGIONAL ANALYSIS REPORT 1 UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME Vienna Illicit Trafficking in Firearms, their Parts, Components and Ammunition to, from and across the European Union UNITED NATIONS Vienna, 2020 UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME Vienna Illicit Trafficking in Firearms, their Parts, Components and Ammunition to, from and across the European Union REGIONAL ANALYSIS REPORT UNITED NATIONS Vienna, 2020 © United Nations, 2020. All rights reserved, worldwide. This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copy- right holder, provided acknowledgment of the source is made. UNODC would appreciate receiving a copy of any written output that uses this publication as a source at [email protected]. DISCLAIMERS This report was not formally edited. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNODC, nor do they imply any endorsement. Information on uniform resource locators and links to Internet sites contained in the present publication are provided for the convenience of the reader and are correct at the time of issuance. The United Nations takes no responsibility for the continued accuracy of that information or for the content of any external website. This document was produced with the financial support of the European Union. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect -
Demokratins Förgörare
Demokratins förgörare Bim Clinell Stieg Larsson Hans Lindquist Anna-Lena Lodenius Heléne Lööw Marina Taloyan Demokratiutredningens skrift nr 28 SOU 1999:10 010Demok.p65 1 1999-11-17, 10:38 SOU och Ds som ingår i 1999 års nummerserie kan köpas från Fakta Info Direkt. För remissutsändningar av SOU och Ds som ingår i 1999 års nummerserie svarar Fakta Info Direkt på uppdrag av Regeringskansliets förvaltningsavdelning. Beställningsadress: Fakta Info Direkt, Kundservice Box 6430, 113 82 Stockholm Tel: 08-587 671 00, Fax: 08-587 671 71 E-post: [email protected] Omslagsbild: Gunnar Smoliansky, Bildhuset Grafisk formgivning: Susan Nilsson, Jupiter ISBN 91-7610-912-7 Elanders Gotab, Stockholm 1999 ISSN 0375-250X 010Demok.p65 2 1999-11-17, 10:38 Förord Innan den här dagen, den 30 november 1999, nått sitt slut, kom- mer svenska medborgare att manifestera sin avsikt att förgöra demokratin. De kommer att använda sig av sina grundlagsfästa demonstrations- och mötesfriheter för att bekämpa grundlagens etiska grundval och demokratiska teori. Med de följande analyserna av vår samtida främlingsfientlighet, rasism och nazism vill Demokratiutredningen höja medvetenheten om demokratins undergrävare bland dess mer eller mindre reflek- terande vänner. Vår förhoppning är att skriften skall bidra till att öka den svenska folkstyrelens intellektuella motståndskraft. Demokratiutredningens ledamöter har inte tagit ställning till skriftens innehåll. Erik Amnå Huvudsekreterare 3 . Innehåll Nynazismen – förtrupp eller eftersläntrare Hans Lindquist ......................................................... -
Livre Blanc 2018
LIVRE BLANC 2018 CYBERSECURITE, CYBERDEFENSE & CYBERCRIMINALITE Panorama de la règlementation.1 [Page laissée intentionnellement blanche] 5 LIVRE BLANC 2018 CYBERSECURITE, CYBERDEFENSE & CYBERCRIMINALITE EDITORIAL Didier Gazagne, Avocat - Directeur Business Unit Défense & Sécurité – Drones - Risques, Intelligence économique – Lexing Alain Bensoussan Avocats. Tribune pour un « Code » de règles juridiques internationales applicable au cyberespace. Le Cyberespace, 5ème Champ de conflictualité. Le cyberespace est défini par l’Agence Nationale de la Sécurité des Systèmes d’Information (ANSSI) comme un « espace de communication constitué par l’interconnexion mondiale d’équipements de traitement automatisé de données numériques ». Il s’agit du 5ème champ de conflictualité, après l’air, l’eau, l’espace, la terre et la mer. Les trois éléments qui caractérisent le cyberespace, sont les réseaux physiques et virtuels, l’information et la donnée, la capacité de prolifération des outils malveillants du fait de la nature même du cyberespace. Le cyberespace n’échappe pas à toute régulation. S’il faut louer le travail du Conseil de l’Europe, la Convention de Budapest est néanmoins aujourd’hui le seul texte à vocation internationale applicable et reconnu par les pays signataires. Toutefois, en raison de sa limitation géographique, la Convention de Budapest présente des restrictions pour la lutte contre les cybermenaces. Or, les conflits qui se déroulent dans le cyberespace ne sauraient échapper, dans un système international et mondial fondé sur le droit, à toute régulation. La France participe à un groupe d’Etats, sélectionnés au sein de l’ONU, avec pour mission de travailler à la formulation de recommandations pour le renforcement de la sécurité du cyberespace. -
Alumni Spotlights 2014
ALUMNI SPOTLIGHTS 2014 A publication of the William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies Graduates and Participants Course Legend Egresados y Participantes Leyenda del Curso Alumni (Resident course graduates) Egresados (graduados de los cursos presenciales) ADP = Defense Policy (Política de Defensa) CDIM = Curriculum Design and Instructional Methodology Course (Curso de Diseño de Curriculo y Metodologías de Instrucción) CDSC = Caribbean Defense and Security Course (Defensa y Seguridad en el Caribe) CINIS = Cybersecurity: Issues in National and International Security (Ciberseguridad) CPMR = Civ-Pol-Mil Relations and Democratic Leadership (Relaciones Civiles-Militares-Políticas y Liderazgo Democrático) CTOC = Combating Transnational Organized Crime and Illict Networks (Lucha Contra la Delincuencia Organizada Transnacional y las Redes Ilícitas en las Américas) DPRM = Defense Planning and Resource Management (Planificación y Administración de Recursos de Defensa) ECON = Defense Economics and Budgeting (Curso de Economía de Defensa) GGSA = Governance, Governability and Security in the Americas (Gobernanza, Gobernabilidad y Seguridad en las Américas: Respuestas al Crimen Transnacional Organizado) HR/ROL = Strategic Implications of Human Rights and Rule of Law (Implicaciones Estratégicas de los Derechos Humanos y el Estado de Derecho) ICCT = Inter-Agency Coordination and Combating Terrorism (Coordinación Interinstitucional y Combate al Terrorismo) PHSD = Perspectives on Homeland Security and Defense (Perspectivas de Seguridad y Defensa -
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jpr / policy paper No. 2 1996 The Governance of Cyberspace: Racism on the Internet 'The Internet has revolutionized communications, bringing enormous benefits. But we cannot afford to ignore its negative aspects-the potential to spread "hate" material that not only offends, but seriously threatens racial harmony and public order.' David Capitanchik and Michael Whine Summary The potential of the so-called 'super-highway' to inform, educate, entertain and conduct business on a worldwide scale has caught the imagination of millions. At a relatively modest cost, and often at no cost at all, vast quantities of data can be transmitted around the globe - a mutimedia form of communication combining all hitherto known means such as printing, the telephone, photography, radio and video. All that is required is a relatively cheap personal computer, a telephone line and a modem or connection to a cable operator. Among other things, the Internet has provided a vast range of political parties and pressure groups with the unprecedented opportunity to disseminate their publications and messages to an international public, and even to interact with them on a one-to-one basis. The benefits of the Internet, it must be said, far outweigh its negative aspects. Nevertheless, these cannot be ignored. In this Policy Paper, David Capitanchik and Michael Whine consider the current debates about free speech on the Internet and the issues raised by its exploitation by antisemitic and racist groups. Much attention has focused on the presence of pornography on the 'net', especially in the so-called 'First Amendment' controversies in the United States. However, in most European countries and around the world, incitement to racial hatred is also a criminal offence. -
Breaking up Is Hard to Do: Nations, States, and Nation-States
CH13.qxd 6/3/06 1:09 PM Page 367 Activity 1: The Rise of Nationalism and the Fall of Yugoslavia ᭣ 367 Name: ______________________________ Instructor: ____________________________________ Breaking Up Is Hard to Do: Nations, States, and Nation-States ᭤ ACTIVITY 1: THE RISE OF NATIONALISM AND THE FALL OF YUGOSLAVIA Activity 1 requires you to read six selections about the former Yugoslavia and then answer questions about them. The first article (Goodrich, 1993) is from The Christian Science Monitor. It is one of several articles we have selected from the Monitor because of its world-famous coverage of international affairs—not because of its religious affiliation. The Goodrich article provides a 1,500-year historical overview that is not usually available in newspapers. We have added a few key points to this article [in square brackets], and some useful maps (Figures 13.6–13.8, Table 13.1). The second reading consists of excerpts from a United Nations research arti- cle by Ali Karaosmano´glu (1993) that offers a concise summary of how and why the former Yugoslavia fell apart. It highlights the most important fact about the politi- cal geography of the area: that the former Yugoslavia was a multination state, but breaking it into its individual republics (i.e., provinces) did not solve the problem because both Bosnia and Croatia were also each a mix of nations. In the third article, photojournalist Lee Malis of The Christian Science Monitor tells the harrowing tale of one young Muslim woman’s nightmare at the hands of the Bosnian Serbs. We warn you of the graphic nature of this short feature article; you could find it disturbing. -
Patrones De La Formación De Gabinete En El Presidencialismo Argentino (1983-2015)
¿Caso testigo o caso único? Patrones de la formación de gabinete en el presidencialismo argentino (1983-2015) María Matilde Ollier Pablo Palumbo Universidad Nacional de San Martín (Argentina) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7440/colombiaint87.2016.03 RECIBIDO: 29 de octubre de 2015 APROBADO: 15 de diciembre de 2015 MODIFICADO: 19 de enero de 2016 RESUMEN: La mayoría de los estudios sobre coaliciones de gobierno en las democracias latinoamericanas consideran al gabinete un órgano de gobierno colectivo y analizan el apoyo legislativo al presidente a partir de la filiación partidaria de los ministros. Dado que el caso argentino no se ajusta a esta perspectiva, al construir el concepto trayectoria de gabinete, el artículo prueba cómo dos causas fundamentales (la baja institucionalización de los partidos políticos y la centralidad presidencial) combinadas con dos causas próximas (el contexto en el cual asume y transcurre su mandato un jefe de Estado y las estrategias que utiliza para gobernar) definen la formación del gabinete. El trabajo concluye que el intercambio de puestos en el gabinete por votos en el parlamento es inexistente para la formación del gabinete en Argentina. PALABRAS CLAVE: presidencia • ministerio • gobernabilidad • partido político (Thesaurus) • estrategias presidenciales (palabras clave autor) H Una versión preliminar de este trabajo fue presentada en el XII Congreso Nacional de Ciencia Política organizado por la Sociedad Argentina de Análisis Político (SAAP) en la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (Argentina), del 12 al 15 de agosto de 2015. Los autores agradecen los comentarios de Sebastián Mazzuca, Adrián Albala y los evaluadores anónimos de la Revista Colombia Internacional. 53 Colomb.