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HOLOCAUST DENIAL IS a FORM of HATE SPEECH Raphael Cohen
HOLOCAUST DENIAL IS A FORM OF HATE SPEECH ∗∗∗ Raphael Cohen-Almagor Introduction Recently Facebook confirmed that it has disabled a group called ‘I Hate Muslims in Oz.’ Barry Schnitt explained: “We disabled the ‘I Hate Muslims in Oz’ group… because it contained an explicit statement of hate. Where Holocaust-denial groups have done this and been reported, we’ve taken the same action”.1 Facebook distinguishes between ‘explicit statement of hate’ and Holocaust denial. Its directors believe that Holocaust denial is not hateful per se and does not therefore contravene the company’s terms of service. The terms of service say: “You will not post content that is hateful, threatening, pornographic, or that contains nudity or graphic or gratuitous violence”. 2 Schnitt said: “We’re always discussing and evaluating our policies on reported content, but have no plans to change this policy at this time. In addition to discussing it internally, we continue to engage with third-party experts on the issue”.3 In this short piece I wish to take issue with the assertion that Holocaust denial is not hateful per se . My aim is to show that it is, and therefore that Facebook should reconsider its position. All Internet providers and web- hosting companies whose terms of service disallow hateful messages on their servers should not host or provide forums for such hate-mongering. This is of urgent need as Holocaust denial is prevalent in Europe, the United States (USA) and across the Arab and Muslim parts of the world. Iran’s regime, under the disputed leadership of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, has made questioning the Holocaust one of the centerpieces of its radical ∗ Educator, researcher and human rights activist. -
Holocaust Denial in Australia
ABSTRACT This paper explores the nature of Holocaust denial in Australia. It does so through a study of the beliefs and activities of the three organizations for whom Holocaust denial is a central belief: the Australian League of Rights, the Australian Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), and the Adelaide Institute. Their activities, their international ties, and their relationship with the broader racist Right in Australia is considered. The paper concludes by reflecting on the future directions and responses to Holocaust denial. INTRODUCTION The nature of Australian Holocaust denial organizations, their activities, and their place in broader far Right circles is different from denial organizations in other countries. This is explained by the dominant role of the Australian League of Rights in far Right politics, the civil liberties origins of the Australian Civil Liberties Union, the lack of sizeable neo- Nazi groups in Australia, and the dominance of anti-Aboriginal and anti- Asian issues on the far Right agenda. In addition, unlike many European countries where denial is explained as a response to their wartime collaboration with the Nazis, this motive does not exist in Australia which fought against the Nazis and her allies. Although Holocaust denial is a fringe activity in Australia, it has significantly increased over the last two decades with a concomitant growth in collaboration between Australian and overseas Holocaust deniers. This is not just a Jewish concern for Holocaust deniers have become a leading element within the racist Right with whom they share a common worldview. This is because in addition to their antisemitism, Australian Holocaust deniers expound racist and xenophobic policies and views. -
Right-Wing Extremism in Europe I Ii Right-Wing Extremism in Europe Right-Wing Extremism
Ralf Melzer, Sebastian Serafin (Eds.) RIGHT-WING EXTREMISM IN EUROPE Country Analyses, Counter-Strategies and Labor-Market Oriented Exit Strategies COUNTRY ANALYSES SWEDEN FES GEGEN RECHTS EXTREMISMUS Forum Berlin RIGHT-WING EXTREMISM IN EUROPE I II RIGHT-WING EXTREMISM IN EUROPE RIGHT-WING EXTREMISM IN EUROPE Country Analyses, Counter-Strategies and Labor-Market Oriented Exit Strategies COUNTRY ANALYSES SWEDEN n Ralf Melzer, Sebastian Serafi (Eds.) ISBN: 978-3-86498-940-7 Friedrich-Ebert-StiftungEdited for: by Ralf Melzer(Friedrich and SebastianEbert Foundation) Serafin “Project on Combatting Right-Wing Extremism” Forum Berlin/Politischer Dialog Hiroshimastraße 17, 10785 Berlin Sandra Hinchman, Lewis Hinchman Proofreading: zappmedia GmbH,Translations: Berlin Pellens Kommunikationsdesigndpa PictureGmbH, Alliance BonnPhotos: Design: Projekt „GegenCopyright Rechtsextremismus“, 2014 by Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Forum Berlin RIGHT-WINGThe spelling, grammar, and other linguistic conventions in this publication reflect The judgments and opinions expressed in this article are those of the author. They do not necessarily represent the views of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation or of the editors. This publication was compiled as part of a project entitled “Confronting right-wing extremism Editors’ notes: by developing networks of exit-oriented assistance.” That project, in turn, is integral to the American English usage. XENOS special program known as “exit to enter” which has received grants from both the EXTREMISMGerman Federal Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs and the European Social Fund. IN CountryEUROPE analyses, Counter-strategies and labour-market oriented Exit-strategies RECHTSEXTREMISMUS IN EUROPA IN RECHTSEXTREMISMUS ISBN: 978 - 3 - 86498 - 522 - 5 S FE GEGEN S RECHT S Forum Berlin MISMU EXTRE Inhalt 1. Introduction .............................................................................................. -
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jpr / policy paper No. 2 1996 The Governance of Cyberspace: Racism on the Internet 'The Internet has revolutionized communications, bringing enormous benefits. But we cannot afford to ignore its negative aspects-the potential to spread "hate" material that not only offends, but seriously threatens racial harmony and public order.' David Capitanchik and Michael Whine Summary The potential of the so-called 'super-highway' to inform, educate, entertain and conduct business on a worldwide scale has caught the imagination of millions. At a relatively modest cost, and often at no cost at all, vast quantities of data can be transmitted around the globe - a mutimedia form of communication combining all hitherto known means such as printing, the telephone, photography, radio and video. All that is required is a relatively cheap personal computer, a telephone line and a modem or connection to a cable operator. Among other things, the Internet has provided a vast range of political parties and pressure groups with the unprecedented opportunity to disseminate their publications and messages to an international public, and even to interact with them on a one-to-one basis. The benefits of the Internet, it must be said, far outweigh its negative aspects. Nevertheless, these cannot be ignored. In this Policy Paper, David Capitanchik and Michael Whine consider the current debates about free speech on the Internet and the issues raised by its exploitation by antisemitic and racist groups. Much attention has focused on the presence of pornography on the 'net', especially in the so-called 'First Amendment' controversies in the United States. However, in most European countries and around the world, incitement to racial hatred is also a criminal offence. -
Metapedia and the Internationalization of Swedish Generic Fascism
fascism 4 (2015) 194-208 brill.com/fasc Ikea Fascism: Metapedia and the Internationalization of Swedish Generic Fascism Henrik Arnstad Science journalist, specializing in modern history [email protected] Abstract Today’s European movements active within the spectrum of generic fascism have become sophisticated at internationalizing their ideology. This is illustrated in the present article through a study of the Swedish pan-European web encyclopaedia Metapedia, a fascist equivalent of the mainstream Wikipedia, working in the fields of metapolitics and gramscisme de Droite. The article argues that contemporary interna- tionalization goes hand-in-hand with the historical traditions of Swedish fascism since the 1940s and 1950s, and indeed can be interpreted as a part of Swedish national iden- tity. As such, the idea of Metapedia as ‘Ikea Fascism’ is not as far-fetched as it would seem, since there is a link between the founder of the multinational Swedish furniture company and the internationalization of Swedish fascism. Keywords Metapedia – metapolitics – gramscisme de droite – neo-fascism – internet – internationalization – Sweden In January 2009 the Swedish Justitiekanslern [Chancellor of Justice] inves- tigated the allegedly Nazi web encyclopaedia Metapedia,1 following allega- tions of criminal racial agitation in the article about Adolf Hitler. The investigation, however, did not lead to prosecution since, as the Chancellor stated, 1 http://en.metapedia.org/wiki/Main_Page. © Arnstad, 2015 | doi 10.1163/22116257-00402002 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-NC 3.0) License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/Downloaded from Brill.com09/26/2021 10:49:32PM via free access <UN> Ikea Fascism 195 The reported article contains a biography of Adolf Hitler. -
Journal for the Study of Antisemitism
Journal for the Study of Antisemitism Special Issue: "Contemporary Antisemitism and Racism in the Shadow of the Holocaust” Guest Editors: Karin Stoegner, Nicolas Bechter, Lesley Klaff , Philip Spencer 2015 As of April 1st 2021, this special issue is subject to a CC-BY-NC-ND license. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Other than as provided by these licenses, no part of this article may be reproduced, transmitted, or displayed by any electronic or mechanical means without permission from the publisher or as permitted by law. Open access publication of this issue is made possible by the Journal of Contemporary Antisemitism, published by Academic Studies Press. Welcome to the Guest Editors When I first spoke to Lesley Klaff about the possibility of JSA hosting ESA conference papers, I was not exactly certain what was involved. For several years, ESA’s roster of paper presentations was top notch and often included key conceptualizations not found elsewhere. I wanted to make certain that some of the field’s best thinkers were receiving their due. JSA was located in North America, ESA was located in Europe and the gap needed to be bridged. My appreciation to Karin Stoegner and her team for their perseverance in making such fine work available to others. The papers have in common a distinct European flavor—they are nuanced and contextual driven. Except for David Patterson, the authors are European offering their perspective from what has become ground zero in displays of the new antisemitism. Europe is also ground zero for the old antisemitism and the context of the Holocaust affords certain insights that North Americans have yet to fully understand. -
Right-Wing Populism in Europe: Politics and Discourse
Oja, Simon, and Brigitte Mral. "The Sweden Democrats Came In from the Cold: How the Debate about Allowing the SD into Media Arenas Shifted between 2002 and 2010." Right-Wing Populism in Europe: Politics and Discourse. Ed. Ruth Wodak, Majid KhosraviNik and Brigitte Mral. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2013. 277–292. Bloomsbury Collections. Web. 25 Sep. 2021. <http:// dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781472544940.ch-019>. Downloaded from Bloomsbury Collections, www.bloomsburycollections.com, 25 September 2021, 12:26 UTC. Copyright © Ruth Wodak, Majid KhosraviNik and Brigitte Mral and the contributors 2013. You may share this work for non-commercial purposes only, provided you give attribution to the copyright holder and the publisher, and provide a link to the Creative Commons licence. 19 The Sweden Democrats Came In from the Cold: How the Debate about Allowing the SD into Media Arenas Shifted between 2002 and 2010 Simon Oja and Brigitte Mral This chapter explores some problems experienced by the Swedish media and the political establishment in relation to media exposure of Sverigedemokraterna (SD), the Sweden Democrats, a nationalist populist party. Since the SD was founded in 1988 the party has had an upward trajectory in its number of votes in parliamentary elections. They did not even experience a setback in 1991 when another right-wing populist party, Ny Demokrati (NyD), the New Democracy, came more or less out of the blue, winning 6.7 per cent of the vote and securing 25 seats in parliament. In 2010 SD reached its long-time goal when they gathered 5.7 per cent of the votes and thereby managed to exceed the threshold of 4 per cent representation for the first time, resulting in 20 seats in the parliament. -
Holocaust Denial in the Middle East the Latest Anti-Israel
Holocaust Denial in the Middle East: The Latest Anti-Israel Propaganda Theme 823 United Nations Plaza, New York, NY 10017 www.adl.org Glen A. Tobias, National Chair Abraham H. Foxman, National Director Copies of this publication are in the Rita and Leo Greenland Library and Research Center Printed in the United States of America All Rights Reserved ©2001 Anti-Defamation League 823 United Nations Plaza New York, NY 10017 www.adl.org Holocaust Denial in the Middle East 1 HOLOCAUST DENIAL IN THE MIDDLE EAST: The Latest Anti-Israel Propaganda Theme A longtime phenomenon in the West, Holocaust denial now regularly occurs throughout the Middle East — in speeches and pronouncements by public figures, in articles and columns by journalists, and in the resolutions of professional organizations. While some voices oppose this deliberate distortion of the historical record, the main tenet of Holocaust denial — that Jews invented the Holocaust story in an attempt to advance their own interests — appears to be an increasingly accepted belief for large numbers of people in Arab and Muslim states. The growing affinity for the Middle East demonstrated by Western Holocaust deniers — hard- pressed by anti-hate legislation in their native countries — underscores the fact that the Middle East is one of the few regions in the world today where governments do not condemn, and sometimes even sponsor, such anti-Semitic propaganda. Holocaust Denial: From West to East The effort to deny the basic facts of the Holocaust has its roots not in the Middle East but in Europe and the United States, and it stretches back, if not to the Nazis themselves, then to the years immediately following World War II. -
Hate Crime on the Internet Hearing Committee on The
S. HRG. 106–803 HATE CRIME ON THE INTERNET HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED SIXTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION ON RAMIFICATIONS OF INTERNET TECHNOLOGY ON TODAY’S CHILDREN, FOCUSING ON THE PREVALENCE OF INTERNET HATE, AND REC- OMMENDATIONS ON HOW TO SHIELD CHILDREN FROM THE NEGA- TIVE IMPACT OF VIOLENT MEDIA SEPTEMBER 14, 1999 Serial No. J–106–48 Printed for the use of the Committee on the Judiciary ( U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 67–653 CC WASHINGTON : 2001 VerDate 11-MAY-2000 09:22 Apr 24, 2001 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 SEPT14.TXT SJUD2 PsN: SJUD2 COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY ORRIN G. HATCH, Utah, Chairman STROM THURMOND, South Carolina PATRICK J. LEAHY, Vermont CHARLES E. GRASSLEY, Iowa EDWARD M. KENNEDY, Massachusetts ARLEN SPECTER, Pennsylvania JOSEPH R. BIDEN, JR., Delaware JON KYL, Arizona HERBERT KOHL, Wisconsin MIKE DEWINE, Ohio DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California JOHN ASHCROFT, Missouri RUSSELL D. FEINGOLD, Wisconsin SPENCER ABRAHAM, Michigan ROBERT G. TORRICELLI, New Jersey JEFF SESSIONS, Alabama CHARLES E. SCHUMER, New York BOB SMITH, New Hampshire MANUS COONEY, Chief Counsel and Staff Director BRUCE A. COHEN, Minority Chief Counsel (II) VerDate 11-MAY-2000 09:22 Apr 24, 2001 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 0486 Sfmt 0486 SEPT14.TXT SJUD2 PsN: SJUD2 C O N T E N T S STATEMENTS OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS Page Hatch, Hon. Orrin G., U.S. Senator from the State of Utah ................................ 1 Leahy, Hon. Patrick J., U.S. Senator from the State of Vermont ....................... 3 Kennedy, Hon. -
Exit Processes Among Young Neo-Nazis in Sweden
Becoming, belonging and leaving – Exit processes among young neo-Nazis in Sweden a1 b Christer Mattsson ; Thomas Johansson aDirector, The Segerstedt Institute, Gothenburg University; bProfessor, The Segerstedt Institute, Gothenburg University Abstract Article History There is a growing field of studies on exit processes from extremist Received Jul 9, 2018 and militant organizations. At the same time, however, what is Accepted Aug 19, 2018 missing is a more developed oral history of exit processes in Published Sept 28, 2018 different European countries. Interviewing individuals who left the neo-Nazi movement five or ten years ago, we have studied and analyzed how the interviewees’ narratives of exit processes are re- constructed and told today. Their reconstruction of narratives and stories on the exit process was influenced by several different factors, such as the time axis, education, intimate relations, employment situation, gender, and class. The results pointed towards a number of push and pull factors. The exit processes were seldom straightforward and linear, but instead dependent upon many social-psychological factors and processes. Keywords: Neo-Nazis, Exit Processes, Radicalization, Disengagement, De-Radicalization Introduction There is a growing field of studies on exit processes from extremist and militant organizations (Bubolz & Simi, 2015; Kimmel, 2018; Simi, Blee, DeMichele & Windisch, 2017). What is lacking, however, is a more developed oral history of exit processes in the Nordic countries. Inspired by Kimmel, among others, we hope to contribute to studies on the exit processes of former members of various neo-Nazi movements. Talking mainly to individuals who left the movement five or ten years ago allows us to study and analyze how the interviewees, today, 1 Corresponding Author Contact: Dr. -
8 April 2011 Jane Hearn Inquiry Secretary Joint Standing Committee
Australian Parliament Joint Standing Committee on Migration Submission no. 357 8 April 2011 Jane Hearn Inquiry Secretary Joint Standing Committee on Migration Dear Ms Hearn, Thank you for the opportunity to make a submission to the Committee’s important inquiry into multiculturalism in Australia. You will note that our submission covers the first three questions listed in the terms of reference being those focussed on aspects of Australian Multiculturalism. We look forward to seeing the Committee’s report, which we are hopeful will make a positive contribution to the ongoing success of Australian Multiculturalism. Yours sincerely, Mark Leibler, AC National Chairman Dr Colin Rubenstein, AM Executive Director M Director of International and Community Affairs Submission from the Australia/Israel & Jewish Affairs Council (AIJAC) to the Joint Standing Committee on Migration Inquiry into Multiculturalism in Australia The Australia/Israel & Jewish Affairs Council (AIJAC) welcomes the Joint Standing Committee on Migration’s inquiry into multiculturalism in Australia. Our nation can proudly lay claim to having devised and evolved a uniquely bipartisan, viable set of policies and practices constituting Australian Multiculturalism, and we congratulate the Government in seeking to make our multicultural cohesion even more effective. Australian Multiculturalism is a unique success story in constructively providing the framework for bringing the many diverse groups of people in our society together in the common cause of promoting cohesion and harmony. On balance, over the past 50 years, Australia has integrated migrants from nearly 200 different nationalities, faiths and ethnicities, in the process creating a vibrant society through efforts to socialise new residents into the rights and as well the responsibilities of being a citizen, thereby minimising the ethnic and religious tensions that often characterise some overseas experiences. -
Visualizar/Abrir
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS ECONÔMICAS DEPARTAMENTO DE ECONOMIA E RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS LUAN NOGUEIRA DOS SANTOS MOVIMENTOS NEONAZISTAS NA SUÉCIA E NA FINLÂNDIA: O CASO DO NORDIC RESISTANCE MOVEMENT Porto Alegre 2018 LUAN NOGUEIRA DOS SANTOS MOVIMENTOS NEONAZISTAS NA SUÉCIA E NA FINLÂNDIA: O CASO DO NORDIC RESISTANCE MOVEMENT Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso apresentado como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Bacharel em Relações Internacionais pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Orientador(a): Profª. Drª. Sonia Maria Ranincheski Porto Alegre 2018 LUAN NOGUEIRA DOS SANTOS MOVIMENTOS NEONAZISTAS NA SUÉCIA E NA FINLÂNDIA: O CASO DO NORDIC RESISTANCE MOVEMENT Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso apresentado como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Bacharel em Relações Internacionais pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Aprovada em: Porto Alegre, 02 de julho de 2018. BANCA EXAMINADORA: Profª. Drª. Sonia Maria Ranincheski – Orientadora UFRGS Prof. Dr. Henrique Carlos de Oliveira de Castro UFRGS Prof. Dr. Luis Gustavo Mello Grohmann UFRGS À minha mãe, Vânia. Sem ela, nada disso seria possível. AGRADECIMENTOS Em primeiro lugar, agradeço à Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, pela oportunidade de estudar em uma instituição de excelência acadêmica no campo das Relações Internacionais. Agradeço a todos os professores que contribuíram para a minha formação, em especial ao professor Alfredo Gugliano, que acreditou no meu potencial quando eu mais precisei. Agradeço também à professora Sônia Ranincheski, pela paciência e incentivo de ideais na orientação deste trabalho. Um agradecimento muito especial à minha namorada e a todos os amigos queridos que estão na minha vida.