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The Mineral Industry of China in 2016
2016 Minerals Yearbook CHINA [ADVANCE RELEASE] U.S. Department of the Interior December 2018 U.S. Geological Survey The Mineral Industry of China By Sean Xun In China, unprecedented economic growth since the late of the country’s total nonagricultural employment. In 2016, 20th century had resulted in large increases in the country’s the total investment in fixed assets (excluding that by rural production of and demand for mineral commodities. These households; see reference at the end of the paragraph for a changes were dominating factors in the development of the detailed definition) was $8.78 trillion, of which $2.72 trillion global mineral industry during the past two decades. In more was invested in the manufacturing sector and $149 billion was recent years, owing to the country’s economic slowdown invested in the mining sector (National Bureau of Statistics of and to stricter environmental regulations in place by the China, 2017b, sec. 3–1, 3–3, 3–6, 4–5, 10–6). Government since late 2012, the mineral industry in China had In 2016, the foreign direct investment (FDI) actually used faced some challenges, such as underutilization of production in China was $126 billion, which was the same as in 2015. capacity, slow demand growth, and low profitability. To In 2016, about 0.08% of the FDI was directed to the mining address these challenges, the Government had implemented sector compared with 0.2% in 2015, and 27% was directed to policies of capacity control (to restrict the addition of new the manufacturing sector compared with 31% in 2015. -
Post-Disaster Assessment of 2017 Catastrophic Xinmo Landslide (China) by Spaceborne Sar Interferometry
This paper has to be cited as: Dai K, Xu Q, Li Z, Tomás R, Fan X, Dong X, Li W, Zhou Z, Gou J and Ran P (2019) Post-disaster assessment of 2017 catastrophic xinmo landslide (china) by spaceborne sar interferometry. Landslides. doi: 10.1007/s10346-019-01152-4. The final publication is available at Springer via: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10346-019-01152-4 1 Post-disaster assessment of 2017 catastrophic Xinmo landslide 2 (China) by spaceborne SAR interferometry 3 Keren Dai1,2,3, Qiang Xu1*, Zhenhong Li4, Roberto Tomás5, Xuanmei Fan1, 4 Xiujun Dong1, Weile Li1, Zhiwei Zhou2, Jisong Gou3, Peilian Ran3 5 1. State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenviroment Protection, Chengdu 6 University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; 7 2. State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth’s Dynamics, Institute of Geodesy and 8 Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China; 9 3. College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; 10 4. COMET, School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; 11 5. Departamento de Ingeniería Civil, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Alicante, 12 P.O. Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain 13 * Corresponding author. [email protected] 14 Abstract: Timely and effective post-disaster assessment is of significance for the 15 design of rescue plan, taking disaster mitigation measures and disaster analysis. Field 16 investigation and remote sensing methods are the common way to perform post-disaster 17 assessment, which are usually limited by dense cloud coverage, potential risk and tough 18 transportation etc. -
The History of Gyalthang Under Chinese Rule: Memory, Identity, and Contested Control in a Tibetan Region of Northwest Yunnan
THE HISTORY OF GYALTHANG UNDER CHINESE RULE: MEMORY, IDENTITY, AND CONTESTED CONTROL IN A TIBETAN REGION OF NORTHWEST YUNNAN Dá!a Pejchar Mortensen A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2016 Approved by: Michael Tsin Michelle T. King Ralph A. Litzinger W. Miles Fletcher Donald M. Reid © 2016 Dá!a Pejchar Mortensen ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii! ! ABSTRACT Dá!a Pejchar Mortensen: The History of Gyalthang Under Chinese Rule: Memory, Identity, and Contested Control in a Tibetan Region of Northwest Yunnan (Under the direction of Michael Tsin) This dissertation analyzes how the Chinese Communist Party attempted to politically, economically, and culturally integrate Gyalthang (Zhongdian/Shangri-la), a predominately ethnically Tibetan county in Yunnan Province, into the People’s Republic of China. Drawing from county and prefectural gazetteers, unpublished Party histories of the area, and interviews conducted with Gyalthang residents, this study argues that Tibetans participated in Communist Party campaigns in Gyalthang in the 1950s and 1960s for a variety of ideological, social, and personal reasons. The ways that Tibetans responded to revolutionary activists’ calls for political action shed light on the difficult decisions they made under particularly complex and coercive conditions. Political calculations, revolutionary ideology, youthful enthusiasm, fear, and mob mentality all played roles in motivating Tibetan participants in Mao-era campaigns. The diversity of these Tibetan experiences and the extent of local involvement in state-sponsored attacks on religious leaders and institutions in Gyalthang during the Cultural Revolution have been largely left out of the historiographical record. -
3 PRESENT CONDITION of ROADS and TRANSPORT 3.1 Condition of Road Facilities 3.1.1 Existing Road Network and Classification of R
3 PRESENT CONDITION OF ROADS AND TRANSPORT 3.1 Condition of Road Facilities 3.1.1 Existing Road Network and Classification of Roads (1) Primary Road Network in the Study Area As shown in Figure 3.1.1, the existing Primary Road network in the Study Area considers the Tianfu Square as its center and is made up of ring roads and radial roads. There are 5 ring roads at present including the existing roads and roads under construction. The existing roads include the Inner Ring Road with a radius of 2 km, the 1st Ring Road with a radius of 3 km, and the 2nd Ring Road with a radius of 4 km. There are two roads under construction, namely the 3rd Ring Road with a radius of 7 km, and the Outer Ring Road with a radius of 11 km. The construction of these two roads is underway, and most exits for expressways and main carriageway have been constructed already. It is expected that the 3rd Ring Road and the Outer Ring Road will be completed by 2001 and 2002, respectively. The Inner Ring Road has four lanes for both directions with a total road width of 25 m. The 1st Ring Road and 2nd Ring Road have not only four lanes for both directions but also a segregated bicycle lane on both sides with a total width of 40 m. Furthermore, the 3rd Ring Road and the Outer Ring Road under construction have 8 lanes and 6 lanes for both directions, respectively, with a total width of 80m. -
Curriculum Vitae
CURRICULUM VITAE Name: Jun XU Nationality: China Residence: Chengdu, Sichuan, China Email: [email protected] Phone: +86-28-84519615 (Home)；85412567（W/F） Current Academic Positions: Executive Chair，Himalaya Multimedia Database Project(2014- present) Professor, History Department, Sichuan University (2009- present) Senior Researcher，Anthropology Institute, Sichuan University (2005-present) Senior Researcher, Tibetan Studies Center, Sichuan University (2000- present) Research Interests： Cultural Diversity, Gender, Migration, Historical, Social and Cultural Changes; Multimedia database; Resettlement Issues, Social and Economic Development in Tibetan Areas. Academic Background: 2014.1-7 Visiting scholar, Mongolia & Inner Asia Studies Unit, University of Cambridge 2010.7-10 Visiting scholar, Harvard-Yenching Institute, Harvard University 2003-2009 Associate Professor, History Department, Sichuan University 2001-2002 Visiting scholars, Harvard-Yenching Institute, Harvard University 1997-2003 Lecturer, History Department, Sichuan University 1995-1997 Assistant Lecturer, History Department, Sichuan University Education Background: 1999 Ph.D. Sichuan University 1995 M.A. Sichuan University 1992 B.A. Sichuan University Honors and Awards: 2016 Achievement Awards of Sichuan University 2015 Academic Leaders of Sichuan Province 2009 Prospected Scholar in New Century, Honor from Chinese Ministry of Education 2008 Distinguished Researcher Award from Sichuan University 2008 “An Introduction to Anthropology” as Excellent Course in Sichuan Province. 2005 -
Internal Ex-Post Evaluation for Technical Cooperation Project
Internal Ex-Post Evaluation for Technical Cooperation Project conducted by China Office: November, 2018 Country Name People's Republic of Project on Forest Restoration after the Earthquake in Sichuan Province China I. Project Outline The Sichuan Earthquake, which occurred in Wenchuan County in Sichuan Province in China on May 12, 2008, caused a great deal of damages to forest vegetation. As measures to restore the disaster-affected forests, the Government of China launched a policy to restore multiple functions of forests in stages through combining natural regeneration and artificial restoration. Through JICA’s technical cooperation project “The Background Model Afforestation Project in Sichuan” (2000-2007), technologies such as “Chisan” technologies using simple work methods had been developed in Sichuan Province. However, because of diverse geographical conditions of the areas affected by the Sichuan Earthquake, it was difficult to determine the precise measures for each condition. In addition, technical and management capacity of the related agencies was not sufficient for restoration of forest vegetation which had been destroyed in an unprecedented scale in China. The project aims at improving technical capacity of the related agencies of Sichuan Province, engaged in restoration projects for typical disaster-affected forests in the project areas1 in the earthquake-stricken areas in Sichuan Province in China, through development of restoration plans for the typical disaster-affected forests, establishment of technological system concerning major forest restoration work methods, and enhancement of contents and system of technical training necessary for implementation of restoration works Objectives of the Project for the disaster-affected forests, thereby enabling sustainable and self-reliant implementation of restoration projects for the disaster-affected forests. -
China, Das Chinesische Meer Und Nordostasien China, the East Asian Seas, and Northeast Asia
China, das Chinesische Meer und Nordostasien China, the East Asian Seas, and Northeast Asia Horses of the Xianbei, 300–600 AD: A Brief Survey Shing MÜLLER1 iNTRODUCTION The Chinese cavalry, though gaining great weight in warfare since Qin and Han times, remained lightly armed until the fourth century. The deployment of heavy armours of iron or leather for mounted warriors, especially for horses, seems to have been an innovation of the steppe peoples on the northern Chinese border since the third century, as indicated in literary sources and by archaeological excavations. Cavalry had become a major striking force of the steppe nomads since the fall of the Han dynasty in 220 AD, thus leading to the warfare being speedy and fierce. Ever since then, horses occupied a crucial role in war and in peace for all steppe riders on the northern borders of China. The horses were selectively bred, well fed, and drilled for war; horses of good breed symbolized high social status and prestige of their owners. Besides, horses had already been the most desired commodities of the Chinese. With superior cavalries, the steppe people intruded into North China from 300 AD onwards,2 and built one after another ephemeral non-Chinese kingdoms in this vast territory. In this age of disunity, known pain- fully by the Chinese as the age of Sixteen States (316–349 AD) and the age of Southern and Northern Dynas- ties (349–581 AD), many Chinese abandoned their homelands in the CentraL Plain and took flight to south of the Huai River, barricaded behind numerous rivers, lakes and hilly landscapes unfavourable for cavalries, until the North and the South reunited under the flag of the Sui (581–618 AD).3 Although warfare on horseback was practised among all northern steppe tribes, the Xianbei or Särbi, who originated from the southeastern quarters of modern Inner Mongolia and Manchuria, emerged as the major power during this period. -
THE ROOTED STATE: PLANTS and POWER in the MAKING of MODERN CHINA's XIKANG PROVINCE by MARK E. FRANK DISSERTATION Submitted In
THE ROOTED STATE: PLANTS AND POWER IN THE MAKING OF MODERN CHINA’S XIKANG PROVINCE BY MARK E. FRANK DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in East Asian Languages and Cultures in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2020 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Dan Shao, Chair Associate Professor Robert Morrissey Assistant Professor Roderick Wilson Associate Professor Laura Hostetler, University of Illinois Chicago Abstract This dissertation takes the relationship between agricultural plants and power as its primary lens on the history of Chinese state-building in the Kham region of eastern Tibet during the early twentieth century. Farming was central to the way nationalist discourse constructed the imagined community of the Chinese nation, and it was simultaneously a material practice by which settlers reconfigured the biotic community of soils, plants, animals, and human beings along the frontier. This dissertation shows that Kham’s turbulent absorption into the Chinese nation-state was shaped by a perpetual feedback loop between the Han political imagination and the grounded experiences of soldiers and settlers with the ecology of eastern Tibet. Neither expressions of state power nor of indigenous resistance to the state operated neatly within the human landscape. Instead, the rongku—or “flourishing and withering”—of the state was the product of an ecosystem. This study chronicles Chinese state-building in Kham from Zhao Erfeng’s conquest of the region that began in 1905 until the arrival of the People’s Liberation Army in 1950. Qing officials hatched a plan to convert Kham into a new “Xikang Province” in the last years of the empire, and officials in the Republic of China finally realized that goal in 1939. -
Earthquake and Poverty with Chinese Characteristics Wenchuan Earthquake Affected Communities Ten Years After the Disaster
UNIVERSITY OF OSLO Earthquake and poverty with Chinese characteristics Wenchuan earthquake affected communities ten years after the disaster Dragana Grulovic Asia and Middle East Studies/Chinese Society and Politics KIN4593 – Master’s Thesis in Chinese Society and Politics (30 credits) Department of Culture Studies and Oriental Languages Spring 2019 Earthquake and poverty with Chinese characteristics Wenchuan earthquake affected communities ten years after the disaster © Dragana Grulovic 2019 Earthquake and poverty with Chinese characteristics - Wenchuan earthquake affected communities ten years after the disaster Dragana Grulovic https://www.duo.uio.no Print: Webergs Print Abstract In May 2008, China was struck by a massive earthquake that killed closed to 70,000 people. Communities were torn to the ground, and the economic losses were enormous. Ten years have passed since the massive forces took place, and communities and lives have been rebuilt, with some preceding their pre-disaster economic levels. This study applies survey data to estimate the poverty rates in the Wenchuan earthquake affected communities ten years after the disaster. I find that in 2018, the poverty incidence was 3% in the overall area, as compared to 9% before the earthquake. Of the total of 198 sampled communities, 27 reported having no government- designated poor people. However, 23 communities have a poverty prevalence of 10% or higher. These communities have few characteristics in common in terms of demographic structure and access to public services. About half of the communities are located in government-designated poor counties, while the rest are not. Altogether, the poverty situation in the Wenchuan earthquake affected area reflects the complexity of poverty in China. -
A PHONOLOGY of STAU by A. CHANTEL VANDERVEEN A
A PHONOLOGY OF STAU by A. CHANTEL VANDERVEEN A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES Master of Arts in Linguistics, Analytic Stream We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard ............................................................................... Dr. Roderic F. Casali, PhD; Thesis Supervisor ................................................................................ Dr. Keith L. Snider, Ph.D.; Second Reader ................................................................................ Dr. Jamin R. Pelkey, Ph.D.; External Examiner TRINITY WESTERN UNIVERSITY May 2015 © A. Chantel Vanderveen A phonology of Stau A. Chantel Vanderveen Trinity Western University ABSTRACT This thesis is a description of the phonology of Stau, a Rgyalrongic language of the Tibeto-Burman family, based on original field research. Stau is spoken by approximately 23,000 people in the west of Sichuan province, China. It is an almost unstudied language. Apart from a sketch of the phonology and grammar by Huang (1991), which provides a pho- netic (rather than phonemic) analysis of Stau sounds, lists attested onsets and rhymes, and discusses tone, there has been virtually no systematic study of the phonology of language. This thesis provides a more extensive study of Stau phonology, covering segmental phonol- ogy, acoustic analysis of stops and of vowels, syllable structure, phonotactics, phonological processes, and pitch phenomena. Of particular interest in this phonology are Stau’s large phonemic inventory of forty- two consonants and eight vowels, its large syllable canon which allows onset clusters of up to three consonants and single coda consonants, phonotactic constraints among its conso- nant clusters, and vowel changes in reduplication. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to many people who helped and supported me over the course of researching and writing this thesis. -
Safety Assessment and Retrofit Techniques of Quake Lakes
Safety Assessment and Retrofit Techniques of Quake Lakes Xingguo Yang, Hongwei Zhou, Hongtao Li, Zhaohui Yang, Lu Qiao, Yuanyuan Lin July 13,2009 CONTENT 1.1 Introduction 2.2 Main Tasks and Basic Data Collection in Safety Assessment 3.3 Risk Level of Quake Lakes 4.4 Risk Assessment of Landslide Dam 5.5 Improvement and Protection of Quake Lakes 6.6 Conclusions July 13,2009 1 INTRODUCTION • The great Wenchuan Earthquake formed more than 100 Quake lakes with a dam taller than 10 m, a water storage capacity larger than 1.0×105 m3 and a catchment area greater than 20 km2. • Statistical data show that these are the largest number of Quake lakes created by a single earthquake in human history. July 13,2009 1 INTRODUCTION • These Quake lakes have the following common features: – Extensive and dense distributed; – Formed in rivers where the landslide dams had already formed within 40 years, indicating that the river banks are not stable; – Treated or self-burst, not causing any disaster or casualty, and – 90% of them are in stable, healthy conditions. July 13,2009 2 Main Tasks and Basic Data Collection in Safety Assessment • The main tasks of safety assessment of Quake lakes include: – Assessment of risk level of Quake lake; – Assessment of stability of landslide dam; – Assessment of impact to the upstream and downstream areas, and – Comprehensive evaluation of risk of quake lake. July 13,2009 2 Main Tasks and Basic Data Collection in Safety Assessment • Related standard has detailed provision for basic data collection. It is suggested that: 1. -
Study on the Qiang's Costume Culture—A Case Study of the Qiang's Costumes in Li County
Open Journal of Social Sciences, 2018, 6, 225-234 http://www.scirp.org/journal/jss ISSN Online: 2327-5960 ISSN Print: 2327-5952 Study on the Qiang’s Costume Culture—A Case Study of the Qiang’s Costumes in Li County Chunlei Song, Bing Zhao* Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, China How to cite this paper: Song, C.L. and Abstract Zhao, B. (2018) Study on the Qiang’s Cos- tume Culture—A Case Study of the Qiang’s As a part of fifty-six ethnic minorities, the Qiang ethnic has long-established Costumes in Li County. Open Journal of national culture and is also an important part of intangible cultural heritage. Social Sciences, 6, 225-234. The article outlines the connotation of the Qiang’s culture, elaborates the aes- https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2018.66020 thetic characteristics, pattern characteristics, color characteristics, and com- Received: June 1, 2018 positional characteristics of the Qiang’s costumes. Taking the Qiang’s cos- Accepted: June 26, 2018 tumes in the Mao County area as an example, through analysing the materials Published: June 29, 2018 of Qiang’s costumes in the Mao County, the paper deeply analyzes the differ- Copyright © 2018 by authors and ences in cultural customs and dressing habits between different regions. The Scientific Research Publishing Inc. unique geographical features of Li County’s clothing are summarized based This work is licensed under the Creative on these differences. The Qiang ethnic calls itself “er ma” or “er mie”, and it is Commons Attribution International also being called “nation on the cloud”.