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The Causes and Effects of the Development of Semi-Competitive
Central European University The Causes and Effects of the Development of Semi-Competitive Elections at the Township Level in China since the 1990s By Hairong Lai Thesis submitted in fulfillment for the degree of PhD, Department of Political Science, Central European University, Budapest, January 2008 Supervisor Zsolt Enyedi (Central European University) External Supervisor Maria Csanadi (Hungarian Academy of Sciences) CEU eTD Collection PhD Committee Tamas Meszerics (Central European University) Yongnian Zheng (Nottingham University) 1 Contents Summary..........................................................................................................................................4 Acknowledgements..........................................................................................................................6 Statements........................................................................................................................................7 Chapter 1: Introduction .................................................................................................................8 1.1 The literature on elections in China ....................................................................................8 1.2 Theories on democratization .............................................................................................15 1.3 Problems in the existing literature on semi-competitive elections in China .....................21 1.4 Agenda of the current research..........................................................................................26 -
Lessons Learnt from Analysing the Causes of Casualties in the Sichuan
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2020-64 Preprint. Discussion started: 19 March 2020 c Author(s) 2020. CC BY 4.0 License. Lessons learnt from analysing the causes of casualties in the Sichuan Changning Ms 6.0 earthquake Wei Wang1,2, Hong Chen1, Xiaolin Jiang3, Lisiwen Ma1, Minhao Qu4 1Institute of Crustal Dynamics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100085, China 5 2Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, Harbin 150080, China 3Sichuan Earthquake Administration, Chengdu 610041, China 4National Earthquake Response Support Service, Beijing 100049, China Correspondence to: Hong Chen ([email protected]) Abstract. This paper summarizes the Ms 6.0 earthquake disaster that occurred in Changning, Sichuan Province, China, on 17 10 June 2019. Additionally, a description of the disaster emergency response is provided. As determined by on-site investigation and analysis, the direct causes of earthquake casualties are summarized. Among them, 66% of the casualties can be attributed to substandard seismic protection, 25% to improper earthquake risk avoidance, 6% to earthquake-induced geological disasters, and 3% to pre-existing diseases exacerbated by the earthquake. Responding to the causes of these four casualty types, we summarize 4 lessons, which are to build in accordance with seismic protection requirements; strengthen publicity and 15 education awareness of earthquake emergency evacuation and training for the population; investigate and evaluate potential geological disaster sources in the stricken area, along with conducting prevention and control; establish cooperation with health organizations, focusing on people who are older or have serious illnesses and conducting earthquake evacuation training and psychological counselling. 1 Disaster characteristics and disaster situation 20 An Ms 6.0 (Mw 5.8) earthquake struck Changning County, Yibin City, Sichuan Province, China, at 22:55:43 on 17 June 2019 (14:55:43 UTC on 17 June 2019). -
Journal of Avian Biology JAV-01015 Liu, Y., Chen, G., Huang, Q., Jia, C., Carey, G., Leader, P., Li, Y., Zou, F., Yang, X., Olsson, U
Journal of Avian Biology JAV-01015 Liu, Y., Chen, G., Huang, Q., Jia, C., Carey, G., Leader, P., Li, Y., Zou, F., Yang, X., Olsson, U. and Alström, P. 2016. Species delimitation of the white- tailed rubythroat Calliope pectoralis complex (Aves, Turdidae) using an integrative taxonomic approach. – J. Avian Biol. doi: 10.1111/jav.01015 Supplementary material Appendix 1 Table A1. Samples with vouchers and sequences with GenBank accession numbers used in this article (AMNH=American Museum of Natural History, SYSb=Sun Yat-sen University, SCIEA=South China Institute of Endangered Animals). GenBank accession numbers in bold indicate sequences yielded in this study. No. of Taxon Locality Sample ID/Voucher samples COI Cytb ODC Myo Aksu, Xinjiang, China SYSb024 1 KU973742 KU973766 KU973805 KU973785 Nalati Grassland, Xinyuan, Xinjiang, China SYSb1087/IOZ64459 1 KU973743 KU973767 —— KU973786 Hogasangkhok Ravine,Varzob Region, Tajikistan SYSb1088/IOZ63178 1 KU973745 KU973769 KU973807 KU973788 C. pectoralis Hogasangkhok Ravine,Varzob Region, Tajikistan SYSb1089/IOZ63189 1 KU973746 KU973770 KU973808 KU973789 ballioni Hogasangkhok Ravine,Varzob Region, Tajikistan SYSb1090/IOZ63190 1 KU973747 KU973771 KU973809 KU973790 Hogasangkhok Ravine,Varzob Region, Tajikistan SYSb1091/IOZ63198 1 KU973748 KU973772 KU973810 KU973791 Kazakhstan Sangster et al. (2010) 1 —— HM633321 HM633739 HM633603 The Tian Shan Observatory, Kazakhstan SYSb462 1 KU973744 KU973768 KU973806 KU973787 Xiadawuxiang, Maqen, Qinghai, China SYSb540/IOZ54456 1 KU973732 KU973755 KU973797 KU973779 Baima Snow Mountain, Deqin, Yunnan, China SYSb770 1 KU973733 KU973756 KU973798 —— Fugong, Nujiang, Yunnan, China SYSb771/KIZ-GLGS0218 1 KU973734 KU973757 KU973799 KU973780 Lushui, Nujiang, Yunnan, China SYSb772/KIZ-GLGS5006 1 KU973735 KU973758 KU973800 KU973781 Yulong Snow Mountain, Lijiang, Yunnan, China SYSb773/KIZ-YL07191 1 KU973736 KU973759 KU973801 KU973782 C. -
Exploration of Industrialization Road of Folk Dance Fanshanjiaozi
Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 266 International Symposium on Humanities and Social Sciences, Management and Education Engineering (HSSMEE 2018) Exploration of Industrialization Road of Folk Dance Fanshanjiaozi Zaidong Wang School of Music and Performing Arts, Sichuan University of Arts and Science, Dazhou 635000, China Abstract. The folk dance Fanshanjiaozi in the eastern region of Sichuan is in the plight at present, it is necessary to emancipate the minds, build fine products, make good use of Internet functions, follow the marketization laws, develop music bases, work industrialization road, and then better inherit and develop Fanshanjiaozi. Keywords: folk dance; Fanshanjiaozi; industrialization. 1. Introduction Longgang Town is located in the southwest of Pingchang County, Bazhong City, Sichuan Province. Here green hills and blue waters, cultivation in the morning and weeding in the evening, It is a quiet and peaceful southern town. In the past years, every time the festival, or when the wedding, some villagers spontaneously organize themselves, dressed in red and green, pick up a pair of small cymbals and wave them in their hands, many times there will be a small gong and drum band that play the suona alongside, if the conditions are not enough, as long as one person can also perform. The shape of this small cymbals is very similar to the dumplings that are eaten during the festival, and during the performance, both hands need to swing the rope, turn the pair of the old festival, and over the top of the head, or turn around and flip around the waist and legs, therefore, this folk dance was initially called " Fanshengjiaozi." Because Longgang Town is located in the Daba Mountain Area, it is often necessary for performers to tramp over mountains and through ravines to pick up bride, therefore, it is also called "Fanshanjiaozi". -
四川能投發展股份有限公司 Sichuan Energy
Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited and The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited take no responsibility for the contents of this announcement, make no representation as to its accuracy or completeness and expressly disclaim any liability whatsoever for any loss howsoever arising from or in reliance upon the whole or any part of the contents of this announcement. 四川能投發展股份有限公司 SichuanEnergyInvestmentDevelopment Co., Ltd.* (a jointstock company incorporated in the People’sRepublicof China with limitedliability) (Stock Code: 01713) (1) PROPOSED AMENDMENTS TO THE ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION (2) RESIGNATION OF CHAIRMAN AND EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR AND (3) PROPOSED APPOINTMENT OF EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR The Board (the “Board”) of directors the (“Directors”) of Sichuan Energy Investment Development Co., Ltd.* (the “Company”) announces that (1) it has passed the resolution on the amendments to certain articles in the articles of association of the Company (the “Articles of Association” or “Articles”) subject to the approval by the shareholders of the Company (the “Shareholders”) at the extraordinary general meeting of the Company (the “EGM”); (2) with effect from the approval of the Shareholders at the upcoming EGM of the proposed appointment of the new executive Director, Mr. Zeng Yong (“Mr. Zeng”) will resign as chairman, executive Director, chairman of the nomination committee, the authorized representative and legal representative of the Company; and (3) it proposed to appoint Mr. Xiong Lin (“Mr. Xiong”) as executive Director, subject to the approval by the Shareholders at the forthcoming EGM. PROPOSED AMENDMENTS TO THE ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION The Board hereby announces that on 30 November 2020, it has passed the resolutions on, among others, the amendments of certain articles of the Articles of Association, subject to the approval by the Shareholders. -
The Mineral Industry of China in 2016
2016 Minerals Yearbook CHINA [ADVANCE RELEASE] U.S. Department of the Interior December 2018 U.S. Geological Survey The Mineral Industry of China By Sean Xun In China, unprecedented economic growth since the late of the country’s total nonagricultural employment. In 2016, 20th century had resulted in large increases in the country’s the total investment in fixed assets (excluding that by rural production of and demand for mineral commodities. These households; see reference at the end of the paragraph for a changes were dominating factors in the development of the detailed definition) was $8.78 trillion, of which $2.72 trillion global mineral industry during the past two decades. In more was invested in the manufacturing sector and $149 billion was recent years, owing to the country’s economic slowdown invested in the mining sector (National Bureau of Statistics of and to stricter environmental regulations in place by the China, 2017b, sec. 3–1, 3–3, 3–6, 4–5, 10–6). Government since late 2012, the mineral industry in China had In 2016, the foreign direct investment (FDI) actually used faced some challenges, such as underutilization of production in China was $126 billion, which was the same as in 2015. capacity, slow demand growth, and low profitability. To In 2016, about 0.08% of the FDI was directed to the mining address these challenges, the Government had implemented sector compared with 0.2% in 2015, and 27% was directed to policies of capacity control (to restrict the addition of new the manufacturing sector compared with 31% in 2015. -
2010.05 Monthly Newsletter
2010.05 Monthly Newsletter 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Fantasia Holdings Group Co., Limited ( “Fantasia Holdings”) is a leading property developer and property related service provider in China. Our target customers are affluent middle- to upper-class individuals and families and high-growth small- to medium- sized enterprises. Fantasia Holdings focuses our real estate activities in four of the fastest-growing economic regions in China, namely the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Zone, the Pearl River Delta region, the Yangtze River Delta region and the Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan region. We have a total of 32 projects at various stages of development in 9 cities, including Shenzhen, Chengdu, Tianjin, Suzhou, Dongguan, Huizhou, Yixing, Wuxi and Dali . 2010.05 Monthly Newsletter Latest News On May 19, 2010, Fantasia Holdings announced that the Company, at a total consideration of RMB 116.6 million, successfully won the bid for a piece of land on the southern side of East River Road in Hexi District in Tianjin with a total land area and gross floor area of 15.4 thousand and 64.2 thousand square meters respectively. This piece of land, identified as Jinxi Chentang (listing) (津西陈塘(挂)) No. 2010-076, is planned to be developed into an urban complex project integrating uses for office and creative industries. With easy transport access and well developed peripheral facilities, this site is located in the heart of the city of Tianjin and at the newly comprehensive municipal zone developed as a priority by the Hexi district government. -
1 This Research Project Has Been Approved by The
Adaptability Evaluation of Human Settlements in Chengdu Based on 3S Technology Wende Chen Chengdu University of Technology kun zhu ( [email protected] ) Chengdu University of Technology https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2871-4155 QUN WU Chengdu University of Technology Yankun CAI Chengdu University of Technology Yutian LU Chengdu University of Technology jun Wei Chengdu University of Technology Research Article Keywords: Human settlement, Evaluation, 3s technology, Spatial differentiation, Chengdu city Posted Date: February 22nd, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-207391/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License 1 Ethical Approval: 2 This research project has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Chengdu University of Technology. 3 Consent to Participate: 4 Written informed consent for publication was obtained from all participants. 5 Consent to Publish: 6 Author confirms: The article described has not been published before; Not considering publishing elsewhere; Its 7 publication has been approved by all co-authors; Its publication has been approved (acquiesced or publicly approved) by 8 the responsible authority of the institution where it works. The author agrees to publish in the following journals, and 9 agrees to publish articles in the corresponding English journals of Environmental Science and Pollution Research. If the 10 article is accepted for publication, the copyright of English articles will be transferred to Environmental Science and 11 Pollution Research. The author declares that his contribution is original, and that he has full rights to receive this grant. 12 The author requests and assumes responsibility for publishing this material on behalf of any and all co-authors. -
My Visits to the Hmong in the Triangle of Guizhou, Sichuan and Yunnan
A Hmong Scholar’s Visit to China: the Hmong in the Triangle of Guizhou, Sichuan and Yunnan by Kou Yang Nyob luag ntuj yoog luag txuj, nyob luag av yoog luag tsav (‘In Rome be like the Romans’--- Hmong proverb) I have made a few visits to the Hmong of the triangle of Guizhou, Sichuan and Yunnan, and will highlight below two of these visits: the visit in August 2009 to the Hmong of Qianxi (黔西),and my 2014 visit to the Hmong of Xingwen, Gong xian, Junlian, Gulin, Xuyong, Yanjin, Yiliang and Zhaotong. In early August 2009, I led a group of international scholars of Hmong studies to do a post conference visit to the Hmong/Miao in Guizhou Province, China. This visit was under the auspices and sponsorship of the Guizhou Miao Studies Association (also known as the Miao Cultural Development Association), and the guidance of its Vice-President, Professor Zhang Xiao. The group visited both Qiandongnan (Southeast Guizhou) and Qianxi (West Guizhou) Hmong/Miao of Guizou. The visit was my third trip to Qiandongnan, so it was not so special because I had previously written about and travelled to many areas within Qiandongnan. Moreover, Qiandongnan has been Guizhou’s premier cultural tourist region for decades; the Hmu represent the largest sub-group of the Miao in Qiandongnan. The language of the Hmu belongs to the Eastern branch of the Miao language. Economically, educationally, and politically, the Hmu are much better off than the Hmong and Ah Mao, who speak the Western branch of the Miao language. For example, I met with so many politicians, bureaucrats and professors of Hmu ancestry in Guiyang, but only one professor of Hmong descent. -
Section II: Summary of the Periodic
II State of Conservation of the World Heritage Properties in the Asia-Pacific Region CHINA (PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF) Jiuzhaigou Valley UNESCO UNESCO II.1 Introduction Year of Inscription 1992 • The responsibilities of the Administration Bureau (under the Aba Prefecture People’s Government) are Organisation Responsible for the Report to: (i) publicize laws & regulations; (ii) protect scenic area resources; (iii) coordinate in overall planning; • The Administrative Bureau of Jiuzhaigou Scenic & (iv) control the construction of service facilities; and Historic Interest Area, (v) work out rules for tourist security, environmental Aba Tibet & Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, sanitation, and public security. Jiuzhaigou County 623 402 Sichuan Province • In 1997, Jiuzhaigou was also designated a World PRC Biosphere Reserve. II.2 Statement of Significance Present State of Conservation • In 2002, 47 kilometres of plank trails (40cm above Inscription Criteria N iii the ground) were laid around the site. • Since 1999, all land currently under cultivation in the Statement of Significance buffer zone has been reforested. “Residents have • Proposed as follows: received a subsidy to compensate for their loss of income from farming.” The remaining inhabitants use “Jiuzhaigou was inscribed on the WH List for its electricity and gas instead of firewood and coal. natural beauty, and is located in the south part of the Min Shan mountain range of Aba Tibetan & Qiang Staffing and Training Needs Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan province”. 379 staff are employed in the administration (one • It covers 720 km2 area with 63.5% forest cover, 114 • lakes, 17 groups of waterfalls, 11 torrents and 5 has a masters degree and 30 are university “calcareous ‘tufa’ shoals, in strings and clusters, graduates) belonging to Han (252), Tibetan (100), Qiang (13), and Hui (9) ethnic groups. -
Sichuan Province
Directory of Important Bird Areas in China (Mainland): Key Sites for Conservation Editors SIMBA CHAN (Editor-in-chief) MIKE CROSBY , SAMSON SO, WANG DEZHI , FION CHEUNG and HUA FANGYUAN Principal compilers and data contributors Prof. Zhang Zhengwang (Beijing Normal University), Prof. Chang Jiachuan (Northeast Forestry University), the late Prof. Zhao Zhengjie (Forestry Institute of Jilin Province), Prof. Xing Lianlian (University of Nei Menggu), Prof. Ma Ming (Ecological and Geographical Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinjiang), Prof. Lu Xin (Wuhan University), Prof. Liu Naifa (Lanzhou University), Prof. Yu Zhiwei (China West Normal University), Prof. Yang Lan (Kunming Institute for Zoology), Prof. Wang Qishan (Anhui University), Prof. Ding Changqing (Beijing Forestry University), Prof. Ding Ping (Zhejiang University), the late Prof. Gao Yuren (South China Institute for Endangered Animals), Prof. Zhou Fang (Guangxi University), Prof. Hu Hongxing (Wuhan University), Prof. Chen Shuihua (Zhejiang Natural History Museum), Tsering (Tibet University), Prof. Ma Zhijun (Fudan University), Prof. Guo Yumin (Capital Normal University), Dai Nianhua (Institute of Sciences, Jiangxi), Prof. Han Lianxian (Southwest Forestry University), Yang Xiaojun (Kunming Institute for Zoology), Prof. Wang Zijiang (Kunming Ornithological Association), Prof. Li Zhumei (Institute of Biology, Guizhou), Ma Chaohong (Management Office of Yellow River Wetland National Nature Reserve, Henan), Shen You (Chengdu Bird Watching Society), Wei Qian (Chengdu Bird Watching Society), Zhang Yu (Wild Bird Society of Jiangsu), Kang Hongli (Wild Bird Society of Shanghai). Information on Important Bird Areas in China was compiled with the support of the World Bank using consultant trust funds from the Government of Japan. Surveys of IBAs in western China were funded by Keidanren Nature Conservation Fund (Japan) and the Sekisui Chemical Co. -
The Survey on the Distribution of MC Fei and Xiao Initial Groups in Chinese Dialects
IALP 2020, Kuala Lumpur, Dec 4-6, 2020 The Survey on the Distribution of MC Fei and Xiao Initial Groups in Chinese Dialects Yan Li Xiaochuan Song School of Foreign Languages, School of Foreign Languages, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi Normal University Xi’an, China /Henan Agricultural University e-mail: [email protected] Xi’an/Zhengzhou, China e-mail:[email protected] Abstract — MC Fei 非 and Xiao 晓 initial group discussed in this paper includes Fei 非, Fu groups are always mixed together in the southern 敷 and Feng 奉 initials, but does not include Wei part of China. It can be divided into four sections 微, while MC Xiao 晓 initial group includes according to the distribution: the northern area, the Xiao 晓 and Xia 匣 initials. The third and fourth southwestern area, the southern area, the class of Xiao 晓 initial group have almost southeastern area. The mixing is very simple in the palatalized as [ɕ] which doesn’t mix with Fei northern area, while in Sichuan it is the most initial group. This paper mainly discusses the first extensive and complex. The southern area only and the second class of Xiao and Xia initials. The includes Hunan and Guangxi where ethnic mixing of Fei and Xiao initials is a relatively minorities gather, and the mixing is very recent phonetic change, which has no direct complicated. Ancient languages are preserved in the inheritance with the phonological system of southeastern area where there are still bilabial Qieyun. The mixing mainly occurs in the southern sounds and initial consonant [h], but the mixing is part of the mainland of China.