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Making the State on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier: Chinese Expansion and Local Power in Batang, 1842-1939
Making the State on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier: Chinese Expansion and Local Power in Batang, 1842-1939 William M. Coleman, IV Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Columbia University 2014 © 2013 William M. Coleman, IV All rights reserved Abstract Making the State on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier: Chinese Expansion and Local Power in Batang, 1842-1939 William M. Coleman, IV This dissertation analyzes the process of state building by Qing imperial representatives and Republican state officials in Batang, a predominantly ethnic Tibetan region located in southwestern Sichuan Province. Utilizing Chinese provincial and national level archival materials and Tibetan language works, as well as French and American missionary records and publications, it explores how Chinese state expansion evolved in response to local power and has three primary arguments. First, by the mid-nineteenth century, Batang had developed an identifiable structure of local governance in which native chieftains, monastic leaders, and imperial officials shared power and successfully fostered peace in the region for over a century. Second, the arrival of French missionaries in Batang precipitated a gradual expansion of imperial authority in the region, culminating in radical Qing military intervention that permanently altered local understandings of power. While short-lived, centrally-mandated reforms initiated soon thereafter further integrated Batang into the Qing Empire, thereby -
Operation China
Minyak August 7 Location: A 1983 study listed 15,000 were bullied by the Minyak living in extremely remote violent Khampa. regions of central Sichuan Province.1 Rock reported, “The The Minyak live in the shadow of the Minya [Minyak] mighty 7,556-meter (24,783 ft.) Tibetan’s homes Gongga Mountain (Minya Konka in have been burned Tibetan). The region was first several times by described in 1930 by intrepid explorer [Khampa] outlaws. Joseph Rock: “A scenic wonder of the On previous raids world, this region is 45 days from the the Minya people nearest railhead. For centuries it may could only flee into remain a closed land, save to such the hills and leave privileged few as care to crawl like their homes to the ants through its canyons of tropical robbers.”8 The heat and up its glaciers and passes in Minyak may be blinding snowstorms, carrying their descended from food with them.”2 survivors of the destruction of Identity: The Minyak are part of the Minyak (in present- Tibetan nationality. They have been day Ningxia) by described as a “peaceful, sedentary Genghis Khan in Paul Hattaway Tibetan tribe, a most inoffensive, 1227. Christianity: Although there are obliging, happy-go-lucky people.”3 presently no known Christians among Most of the members of this group Customs: The Minyak live quiet lives the Minyak, the China Inland Mission call themselves Minyak, except for in nearly complete isolation from the did have a station in Tatsienlu (now those living at Kangding and the rest of the world. Most of their Kangding), on the edge of Minyak Tanggu area of Jiulong County who call villages are accessible only by foot. -
LBB 0048 2 1255-1294.Pdf
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Linzer biologische Beiträge Jahr/Year: 2016 Band/Volume: 0048_2 Autor(en)/Author(s): Jaeger Bernd, Kataev Boris M., Wrase David W. Artikel/Article: New synonyms, and first and interesting records of certain species of the subtribe Stenolophina from the Palaearctic, Oriental and Afrotropical regions (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Harpalini, Stenolophina) 1255-1294 download www.zobodat.at Linzer biol. Beitr. 48/2 1255-1294 19.12.2016 New synonyms, and first and interesting records of certain species of the subtribe Stenolophina from the Palaearctic, Oriental and Afrotropical regions (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Harpalini, Stenolophina) Bernd JAEGER, Boris M. KATAEV & David W. WRASE Abstract: Anthracus descarpentriesi JEANNEL, 1948 is considered a junior synonym of Anthracus angusticollis (PÉRINGUEY, 1908), Dicheirotrichus punicus aegyptiacus SCHATZMAYR, 1936 is treated as a junior synonym of Dicheirotrichus (Pelagophilus) punicus BEDEL, 1899, and Stenolophus narentinus J. MÜLLER, 1916 [previously the authorship of Stenolophus narentinus was erroneously attributed to DROVENIK & PEKS (1999)] is considered a junior synonym of Stenolophus (Stenolophus) proximus DEJEAN, 1829. For Psychristus (Psychristus) dentatus JAEGER, 2009 male characters are described and figured for the first time. First or additional distribution data are provided for: Acupalpus (Acupalpus) exiguus DEJEAN, 1929: first record for the Turkish province of Kars. Acupalpus (Acupalpus) flavicollis (STURM, 1825): first record for Albania. Acupalpus (Acupalpus) laferi KATAEV & JAEGER, 1997: first records for the Chinese provinces of Gansu and Heilongjiang. Acupalpus (Acupalpus) maculatus (SCHAUM, 1960): first record for Tadzhikistan. Acupalpus (Acupalpus) planicollis (SCHAUM, 1857): first detailed record for Italy, Triest, additional records for Greece. -
Monitoring and Evaluation of Grassland Desertification in Litang County Using Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing Images
Proceedings of 14th Youth Conference on Communication Monitoring and Evaluation of Grassland Desertification in Litang County Using Multi-temporal Remote Sensing Images DAN Shang-ming1, 2,XU Hui-xi3,DAN Bo4,HE Fei5,SHI Cheng-cang6, REN Guo-ye6 1.Key Laboratory of Atmosphere Sounding, China Meteorological Administration,Chengdu 610225, P.R.China; 2.Sichuan Province Agrimeteorological Center, Chengdu 610072, P.R.China; 3. Institute of Engineering Surveying, Sichuan College of Architectural Technology, Deyang 618000, P.R.China; 4.Sichuan Provincial Meteorological Observatory, Chengdu 610072, P.R.China; 5.Chengdu University of Information Technology,Chengdu 610225, P.R.China. 6.Institute of Remote Sensing Application,Sichuan Academy Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066,P.R.China; [email protected] , [email protected] Using four Landsat TM & ETM+ images which obtained in 1989, 1994, 2000 and 2005, the nor- Abstract: malized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was calculated on the basis of the geometry correction, radio- metric calibration and atmosphere correction, and the assimilation of the NDVI images was made by estab- lishing the least squares equation of linear regression, and extracted the vegetation coverage from the NDVI and converted it into the desertification index (DI) based on the binary model, the classifiable research was made on the desertification of grassland about 103 km2 near the Litang county. The result demonstrates that: st (1) Desertification in Litang County has been deteriorating in the past 16 years (1989-2005). The 1 stage nd (1989-1994) saw decreased desertification area, the 2 stage (1994-2000) observed radical deterioration, and rd the 3 stage (2000-2005) witnessed slack in this regard. -
Annual Report Annual Report 2020
2020 Annual Report Annual Report 2020 For further details about information disclosure, please visit the website of Yanzhou Coal Mining Company Limited at Important Notice The Board, Supervisory Committee and the Directors, Supervisors and senior management of the Company warrant the authenticity, accuracy and completeness of the information contained in the annual report and there are no misrepresentations, misleading statements contained in or material omissions from the annual report for which they shall assume joint and several responsibilities. The 2020 Annual Report of Yanzhou Coal Mining Company Limited has been approved by the eleventh meeting of the eighth session of the Board. All ten Directors of quorum attended the meeting. SHINEWING (HK) CPA Limited issued the standard independent auditor report with clean opinion for the Company. Mr. Li Xiyong, Chairman of the Board, Mr. Zhao Qingchun, Chief Financial Officer, and Mr. Xu Jian, head of Finance Management Department, hereby warrant the authenticity, accuracy and completeness of the financial statements contained in this annual report. The Board of the Company proposed to distribute a cash dividend of RMB10.00 per ten shares (tax inclusive) for the year of 2020 based on the number of shares on the record date of the dividend and equity distribution. The forward-looking statements contained in this annual report regarding the Company’s future plans do not constitute any substantive commitment to investors and investors are reminded of the investment risks. There was no appropriation of funds of the Company by the Controlling Shareholder or its related parties for non-operational activities. There were no guarantees granted to external parties by the Company without complying with the prescribed decision-making procedures. -
Triplophysa Pseudostenura, a New Nemacheiline Loach (Cypriniformes: Balitoridae) from the Yalong River of China
Zootaxa 3586: 272–280 (2012) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2012 · Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:06C92974-A6A3-4D2F-97CC-2D3CA362B41F Triplophysa pseudostenura, a new nemacheiline loach (Cypriniformes: Balitoridae) from the Yalong River of China CHUNLIN HE1,2, E ZHANG2 & ZHAOBIN SONG1,3,4 1Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065 P. R. China 2Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072 P. R. China 3Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065 P. R. China 4Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract A new species of nemacheiline loach, Triplophysa pseudostenura, is described from the Yalong River, a tributary of the upper Yangtze River drainage in China. Previous collectors misidentified the species as T. stenura. Triplophysa pseudostenura can be separated from T. stenura and other valid species of Triplophysa by the following combination of characters: body smooth and without scales; head tapering; lips thin and smooth; trunk and caudal peduncle slender, laterally compressed; depth of caudal peduncle tapering posteroventrally approaching caudal fin; posterior chamber of gas bladder reduced or absent; intestine short, forming a zigzag loop posterior to bottom of ‘U’-shaped stomach; insertion of pelvic fins anterior to dorsal-fin origin; caudal fin deeply concave. Key words: Teleost, new species, Upper Yangtze River, fish Introduction The genus Triplophysa is a species-rich group in the subfamily Nemacheilinae, and is currently hypothesized to have 126 species, 108 of which are thus far known from China (He 2008; He et al. -
Research on Influencing Factors of Air Quality in Index Industrial Cities Based on Mountain Topography
Li-yun ZENG, et. al. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 11, Issue 5, (Series-V) May 2021, pp. 05-18 RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Research on Influencing Factors of Air Quality in Index Industrial Cities Based on Mountain Topography Li-yun ZENG*1,2, Yi-qi YUAN1, Jia-man XU1 1Civil and Architectural Engineering Institute, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua,China 2.Rattanakosin International College of Creative Entrepreneurship, Rajamangala University of Technology Rattanakosin, Bangkok 10700,Thailand2 ABSTRACT: The main reasons for Panzhihua’s local pollution are the large amount of coal burned, steelmaking, and scattered non-point sources. At the same time, meteorological factors and topographical characteristics also play a significant role in air quality. This paper analyses and evaluates the air quality in Panzhihua City based on the Air Quality Index (AQI). Through the use of Train Collectors Tool to capture the air quality monitoring data in recent years, and use the visualization software to analyze the data. It is concluded that climatic factors, industrial layout, mountain topography characteristics and industrial land layout are the main causes of air pollution in mountainous cities, and air pollution control measures are proposed for the air quality in Panzhihua City. KEYWORDS: topographic features; meteorological features; industrial distribution; air quality index ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- Date of Submission: 12-05-2021 Date of Acceptance: 25-05-2021 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- I. INTRODUCTION standards. The top 10 are Muli County, Xiaojin Mountain terrain has many regional County and Xiangcheng County (tied), Litang particularities and complexities in cities. Many County and Ganzi County (tied), Danba County. -
Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Depression Among Older Persons 6 Months After the Lushan Earthquake in China: a Cross-Sectional Survey
ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 25 September 2020 doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00853 Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Depression Among Older Persons 6 Months After the Lushan Earthquake in China: A Cross-Sectional Survey Lan Li 1,2,3,7, Jan D. Reinhardt 3,4,5, Andrew Pennycott 6, Ying Li 7,8 and Qian Chen 7,8* 1 West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 2 School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China, 3 The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 4 Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland, 5 Department of Health Sciences and Health Policy, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland, 6 Sensory-Motor Systems Lab, Department of Health Science and Technology ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland, 7 The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 8 National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China Edited by: Background: Older persons are particularly vulnerable to the impact of earthquakes and Francesca Assogna, Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS), Italy are more likely to suffer from depression. Reviewed by: Objectives: We aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression, to compare the Valentina Ciullo, prevalence between disaster-affected and non-disaster affected areas, and to explore Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS), Italy Clelia Pellicano, additional risk factors for depression 6 months after the Lushan earthquake. Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS), Italy Design: Delfina Janiri, A cross-sectional study was conducted. Sapienza University of Rome, Italy Setting: A magnitude 7.0 earthquake occurred in Lushan County, Ya’an Prefecture, *Correspondence: Sichuan Province, on April 20, 2013. -
Disclose the Whereabouts of Two Tibetans Who Attempted Self-Immolation
AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL Public Statement ASA 17/6098/2017 Date: 21 April 2017 China: Disclose the whereabouts of two Tibetans who attempted self-immolation The Chinese government must immediately inform the families of Wangchuk Tseten and Pema Gyaltsen of their whereabouts, or, if they are no longer alive, return the bodies of the deceased individuals to their family members. Both individuals were taken away by police after attempting self-immolations. Amnesty International also urges the government to stop harassing, intimidating, attacking and arbitrarily detaining Wangchuk Tseten and Pema Gyaltsen’s family members and others accused of being involved with the self-immolations. Wangchuk Tseten set himself on fire on 15 April 2017 in Ganzi, a town in Ganzi (Tibetan: Kardze) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province in western China, according to reports from overseas Tibetan NGOs and the media. Voice of America reported on 19 April that the authorities summoned several local residents for questioning in relation to the self-immolation. Less than one month earlier, Pema Gyaltsen set himself on fire on 18 March 2017, in Xinlong County (Tibetan: Nyarong), also in Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. According to Tibetan sources, he was believed to be alive when he was taken away by the police. International Campaign for Tibet reported that his relatives were detained and beaten when they approached the local authorities asking about his whereabouts and whether he was still alive. Tibetan onlookers were also detained. Communications in the area were completely blocked after the self-immolation. Links to the area via internet and mobile phone were cut, and travel has been severely restricted. -
Adaptation and Invention During the Spread of Agriculture to Southwest China
Adaptation and Invention during the Spread of Agriculture to Southwest China The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation D'Alpoim Guedes, Jade. 2013. Adaptation and Invention during the Spread of Agriculture to Southwest China. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:11002762 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Adaptation and Invention during the Spread of Agriculture to Southwest China A dissertation presented by Jade D’Alpoim Guedes to The Department of Anthropology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of Anthropology Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts March 2013 © 2013 – Jade D‘Alpoim Guedes All rights reserved Professor Rowan Flad (Advisor) Jade D’Alpoim Guedes Adaptation and Invention during the Spread of Agriculture to Southwest China Abstract The spread of an agricultural lifestyle played a crucial role in the development of social complexity and in defining trajectories of human history. This dissertation presents the results of research into how agricultural strategies were modified during the spread of agriculture into Southwest China. By incorporating advances from the fields of plant biology and ecological niche modeling into archaeological research, this dissertation addresses how humans adapted their agricultural strategies or invented appropriate technologies to deal with the challenges presented by the myriad of ecological niches in southwest China. -
Respective Influence of Vertical Mountain Differentiation on Debris Flow Occurrence in the Upper Min River, China
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Respective infuence of vertical mountain diferentiation on debris fow occurrence in the Upper Min River, China Mingtao Ding*, Tao Huang , Hao Zheng & Guohui Yang The generation, formation, and development of debris fow are closely related to the vertical climate, vegetation, soil, lithology and topography of the mountain area. Taking in the upper reaches of Min River (the Upper Min River) as the study area, combined with GIS and RS technology, the Geo-detector (GEO) method was used to quantitatively analyze the respective infuence of 9 factors on debris fow occurrence. We identify from a list of 5 variables that explain 53.92%% of the total variance. Maximum daily rainfall and slope are recognized as the primary driver (39.56%) of the spatiotemporal variability of debris fow activity. Interaction detector indicates that the interaction between the vertical diferentiation factors of the mountainous areas in the study area is nonlinear enhancement. Risk detector shows that the debris fow accumulation area and propagation area in the Upper Min River are mainly distributed in the arid valleys of subtropical and warm temperate zones. The study results of this paper will enrich the scientifc basis of prevention and reduction of debris fow hazards. Debris fows are a common type of geological disaster in mountainous areas1,2, which ofen causes huge casual- ties and property losses3,4. To scientifcally deal with debris fow disasters, a lot of research has been carried out from the aspects of debris fow physics5–9, risk assessment10–12, social vulnerability/resilience13–15, etc. Jointly infuenced by unfavorable conditions and factors for social and economic development, the Upper Min River is a geographically uplifed but economically depressed region in Southwest Sichuan. -
CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM-PDD) Version 03 - in Effect As Of: 28 July 2006
PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03 CDM – Executive Board page 1 CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM-PDD) Version 03 - in effect as of: 28 July 2006 CONTENTS A. General description of project activity B. Application of a baseline and monitoring methodology C. Duration of the project activity / crediting period D. Environmental impacts E. Stakeholders‟ comments Annexes Annex 1: Contact information on participants in the project activity Annex 2: Information regarding public funding Annex 3: Baseline information Annex 4: Monitoring plan PROJECT DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (CDM PDD) - Version 03 CDM – Executive Board page 2 SECTION A. General description of project activity A.1. Title of the project activity: Project title: Sichuan Dechang Xinma 120 MW Hydropower project PDD Version: 1.0 Completion date PDD: 11/08/2009 A.2. Description of the project activity: The Sichuan Dechang Xinma 120 MW Hydropower project (hereafter referred to „ the project „ or „project‟) involves the construction of a run-of-river hydropower station at the main stream of the Anning River at Meizi Village, Dechang county of Sichuan Province, China, which is constructed and operated by Dechang Xinma Hydropower development Co., Ltd. The dam locates 40 km from Dechang County, The total installed capacity of the project will be 120MW and the total surface area of the reservoir at full capacity is 374,000m2 and the power density of the project is 320 W/m2. The expected annual effective operating hour is 4,086 hours and annual power generation is about 573,960MWh. The expected annual power supply is 544,000 MWh.