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Major Parameters of Wenchuan Earthquake

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Brief introduction to recovery and reconstruction of Wenchuan earthquake –stricken region He Yongnian China Earthquake Administration May 2011 Major parameters of Wenchuan earthquake Original time: 14:28, May 12, 2008 Location: Wenchuan county, Sichuan Province, China (30. 986°N 103. 364°E) Magnitude: 8.0 Focal depth: 14 Km Lasting duration: 120 sec. Outline of Damage and loss of the earthquake Items Total* Total affected area 500,000 km2, 417 counties, 4,667 towns, 48,810 villages Severely affected area 130,000 km2, 51 counties Evacuated and temporarily 151.1 million people resettled IjInjure d 43 million peopl e Severely injured Over 10,000 sent to 370 hospitals Rescued and saved 84,017 people Received relief aid 8,810,000 people Economic loss RMB Yuan 845 billion * Include Sichuan, Gansu and Shaanxi Provinces Distribution of the Main Shock and Aftershocks (M>4.0) The seismic intensity (MMS) reached IX degree in epicenter region between Yingxiu town, Wenchuan county and Qushan town, Beichuan county, the area is 2419 KM2 The seismic intensity of X degree is of 3144 Km2; The seismic intensity of XI degree is 7738 Km2. SiSeismogen ic t ect oni cs of fW Wench uan earth quak e WenchuanWenchuan Longmenshan Longmenshan Maowen-Maochuan fault M=8.0 Yingxiu-Beichuan fault Dujiangyan-Jiangyou fault Longmenshan fault zone, consisting of three faults: Maowen-Maochuan fault, Yingxiu-Beichuan fault and Dujiangyan-Jiangyou fault, is one of the major seismic zones in China. The Wenchuan earthquake with M=8.0 occurred on the Yingxiu- Beichuan fault. General picture of urban destruction of Wenchuan earthquake: Qushan town, Beichuan county Almost all buildings were destructed in Yingxiu Town, Wenchuan county The Xioayudong bridge was collapsed due to the earthquake, Pengzhou city , Sichuan province. Large earth slide occurred in Chenjiaba village, Beichuan county. The village was buried. Tangjiashan barrier lake in Beichuan county, formed during Wenchuan earthquake, seriously threatened the residents in lower reaches. The mountain collappjgse resulted in obstruction of Minjiang river system, formed a series of lakes. The picture shows the barrier body, formed Tangjiashan barrier lake in Beichuan county. Features of the damage and losses caused by Wenchuan earthquake In addition to the high magnitude and intensity of the earthquake, the disaster affected areas in Sichuan have four features: a) densely populated, b) larger territories, c) fragile landscape with large mountains (steep slopes and deep valleys) and rivers in between, and d) limited land access to the disaster stricken areas. Compared to the Tangshan earthquake happened in 1976 in China, resulted in 240 ,000 persons died , the Wenchuan earthquake shocked an area of 2,580 km2 with XI degree of intensity, while the Tanggqshan earthquake shocked an area of only 47 km2 with the same intensity. The four features have formed great difficulties not only for the rescue and evacuation actions after the disaster, but also later for the post disaster recovery operations. Leadinggy and coordination for recovery and reconstruction of Wenchuan earthquake stricken region Based on the administrative system of China, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) is the planning ministry of the Chinese Government for the recovery and reconstruction of the large disaster regions under the State Council. To guide and coordinate the recovery and reconstruction of Wenchuan earthquake stricken region , the central government designated the NDRC as leading agency, taking the responsibility f or recovery and reconst ructi on of W ench uan earth quak e region. Almost all the ministries and departments of the State Council of China as well as all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities are involved in the recovery and reconstruction of Wenchuan region. All social circles are also mobilized to participated in the recovery and reconstruction of Wechuan region. An d the in terna tiona l suppor t are accep te d to increase the dynam ism o f recovery and reconstruction of Wenchuan region. Participation of many main ministries of the central government At very begging, “ Recovery and Reconstruction of the Earthquake Relief Headquarters under the Sate Council” has been established. In addition to the provinces concerned, the following is major force for recovery and reconstruction of the disaster region: National Development and Reform Commission Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development Ministry of Education Min is try o f Sc ience an d Tec hno logy Ministry of Industry and Information Technology State Ethnic Affairs Commission Ministry of Public Security Ministry of Civil Affairs Ministry of Finance Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security Ministry of Land and Resources (to be continued) Ministry of Environmental Protection Ministry of Transport Ministry of Railways Ministry of Water Resources Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Commerce Ministry of Culture Ministry of Health National Population and Family Planning Commission People’s Bank of China State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission State Administration of Taxation State Administration of Radio, Film and Television General Administration of Press and Publication General Administration of Sport State Forestry Administration National Tourism Administration (to be continued) Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Engineering China Earthquake Administration China Meteorological Administration China Bankinggg Regulator y Commission China Securities Regulatory Commission China Insurance Regulatory Commission State Electricit y Reg ulator y Commission State Administration of Energy State Administration of Cultural Heritage State Food and Drug Administration State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development Supportive Institutions: State Wenchuan Earthquake Expert Committee State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping The above-stated sections have involved all fields encountered the damage and loss in the earthquake. At same time, the military ’ s participation contributes a lot to the recovery and reconstruction of Wenchuan disaster region. The disaster and affected areas resulted from Wenchuan earthquake are very large, concerning Sichuan province, Gansu province, shanxi province, Chongqing municipality, Yunan province and Ningxia Hui Autonimous Reg io n. In o rde r to co nduct e ffect ive reco ve ry a nd reconstruction of the stricken region, three types of disaster regions are divided according to the degree of the casualty and economic loss: A. Extremely heavy disaster region Totally 10 counties and cities: Wenchuan county, Beichuan county, Mianzhu city, Shifang city, Qingchuan county, Mao county, Anxian county, Dujiangyan city, Pingwu county and Pengzhou city (all in Sichuan province) B. Heavy disaster region Totally 41 counties, cities and districts: 29 in Sichuan province,8 in Gansu province and 4 in Shanxi province C. Common disaster region Totally 186 counties, cities and districts: 100 in Sichuan province, 32 in Gansu province and 36 in Shanxi province Location and three types of Wenchuan eartquake disaster region The following five key points have been emphasized and in the recovery and reconstruction operations. These sectors are: Reconstruction of rural and urban housing Rebuilding schools and hospitals Public utilityyy recovery and reconstruction Employment and income generation EiEnvironmen t an d ecosyst em rest orati on policy for reconstruction of Wenchuan earthquake region In consideration of the actual situation of Wenchuan disaster region, the four aspects must be followed: 1. The specific requirement is that the new buildings must be designed with a certain earthquake resistance capacity for seismic intensity equal to or greater than VIII degrees (MMS) . In other words, “No damage when small earthquakes occur; Repairable when moderate earthquakes occur and not collapsed when strong earthqua kes occur for those houses ” . 2. It is stressed that the sites for reconstructing houses must be carefully selected, which is mainly to avoid the active faults and potential risk areas for geological disasters, such as mountain collapse, earth slide and debris flow. There are relatively serious potential risk of geological hazards because Wenchuan region is located in mountainous area and topograp hy is qu ite preci pit ous. A n d there are several acti ve f ault s running through the disaster region. 3. In order to ppqgromote the reconstruction of earthquake stricken region, the central government has required the developed provinces and municipalities to conduct one by one assistance to the counties in the disaster area. 19 provinces and municipalities in eastern and middle China are required to give assistance one by one to 18 counties an d citi es as well as some reg ions i n G ansu an d Sh anxi provinces, suffered from the earthquake. The specific arrangement is as follows: Shandong prov. vs. Beichuan county, Sichuan prov. ; GdGuangdong prov. vs. WhWenchuan count tSihy, Sichuan prov.; Zhejiang prov. vs. Qingchuan county, Sichuan prov.; Jiangsu prov . vs . Mianzhu city , Sichuan prov .; Beijing municip. Vs. Shifang city, Sichuan prov.; Shanghai municip . vs . Dujiangyan city; Hebei prov. vs. Pingwu county, Sichuan prov.; Liaoning prov. vs. Anxian county, Sichuan prov.; Henan prov. vs. Jiangyou city, Sichuan prov.; Fujian prov. vs,. Pengzhou city, Sichuan prov.; Shanxi prov. vs Maoxian county, Sichuan prov.; Hunan prov. vs. Lixian county, Sichuan prov.; Jilin prov. vs.
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