Duiliu Marcu - Semicentenar 1966-2016
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Analele Universităţii Din Craiova, Seria Istorie, Anul XIX, Nr. 2(26)/2014
Analele Universităţii din Craiova, Seria Istorie, Anul XIX, Nr. 2(26)/2014 CONTENTS STUDIES AND ARTICLES Anișoara Băbălău, THE FISCAL ORGANISATION OF WALLACHIA IN BRANCOVAN ERA .................................................................................................................................. 5 Elena Steluţa Dinu, HEALTH LAWS IN THE PERIOD 1874-1910 .............................. 15 Adi Schwarz, THE STRUGGLE OF THE JEWS FOR THEIR POLITICAL RIGHTS IN THE VIEW OF WESTERN JOURNALISTS (1876-1914) ............................................. 23 Cosmin-Ştefan Dogaru, LE PORTRAIT DE CHARLES DE HOHENZOLLERN- SIGMARINGEN. UN REPERE DANS L’HISTOIRE DE L’ETAT ROUMAIN ............. 31 Stoica Lascu, THE SITUATION OF THE BALKAN ROMANIANS REFLECTED IN “REVISTA MACEDONIEI” MAGAZINE (BUCHAREST; 1905-1906) ...................... 43 Gheorghe Onişoru, MAY 15, 1943: DISSOLUTION OF THE KOMINTERN AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF ROMANIA .......................................... 75 Cezar Stanciu, CHALLENGES TO PROLETARIAN INTERNATIONALISM: THE COMMUNIST PARTIES’ CONFERENCE IN MOSCOW, 1969 .................................. 85 Lucian Dindirică, ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATION OF ROMANIA UNDER THE LEADERSHIP OF NICOLAE CEAUŞESCU ........................................... 101 Virginie Wanyaka Bonguen Oyongmen, ARMÉE CAMEROUNAISE ET DÉVELOPPEMENT ÉCONOMIQUE ET SOCIAL DE LA NATION: LE CAS DU GÉNIE MILITAIRE (1962-2012) ................................................................................ 109 Nicolae Melinescu, THE MARITIME -
Lista Cercetătorilor Acreditaţi
Cereri aprobate de Colegiul C.N.S.A.S. Cercetători acreditaţi în perioada 31 ianuarie 2002 – 23 februarie 2021 Nr. crt. Nume şi prenume cercetător Temele de cercetare 1. ABOOD Sherin-Alexandra Aspecte privind viața literară în perioada comunistă 2. ABRAHAM Florin Colectivizarea agriculturii în România (1949-1962) Emigraţia română şi anticomunismul Mecanisme represive sub regimul comunist din România (1944-1989) Mişcări de dreapta şi extremă dreaptă în România (1927-1989) Rezistenţa armată anticomunistă din România după anul 1945 Statutul intelectualului sub regimul comunist din România, 1944-1989 3. ÁBRAHÁM Izabella 1956 în Ardeal. Ecoul Revoluţiei Maghiare în România 4. ABRUDAN Gheorghe-Adrian Intelectualitatea şi rezistenţa anticomunistă: disidenţă, clandestinitate şi anticomunism postrevoluţionar. Studiu de caz: România (1977-2007) 5. ACHIM Victor-Pavel Manuscrisele scriitorilor confiscate de Securitate 6. ACHIM Viorel Minoritatea rromă din România (1940-1989) Sabin Manuilă – activitatea ştiinţifică şi politică 7. ADAM Dumitru-Ionel Ieroschimonahul Nil Dorobanţu, un făclier al monahismului românesc în perioada secolului XX 8. ADAM Georgeta Presa română în perioada comunistă; scriitorii în perioada comunistă, deconspirare colaboratori 9. ADAMEŞTEANU Gabriela Problema „Eterul”. Europa Liberă în atenţia Securităţii Scriitorii, ziariştii şi Securitatea Viaţa şi opera scriitorului Marius Robescu 10. ADĂMOAE Emil-Radu Monografia familiei Adămoae, familie acuzată de apartenență la Mișcarea Legionară, parte a lotului de la Iași Colaborarea cu sistemul opresiv 11. AELENEI Paul Istoria comunei Cosmești, jud. Galați: oameni, date, locuri, fapte 12. AFILIE Vasile Activitatea Mişcării Legionare în clandestinitate 13. AFRAPT Nicolae Presiune şi represiune politică la liceul din Sebeş – unele aspecte şi cazuri (1945-1989) 14. AFUMELEA Ioan Memorial al durerii în comuna Izvoarele, jud. -
Istoria Primului Control Administrativ Al Populaţiei României Întregite Din 24 Aprilie – 5 Mai 1927
NICOLAE ENCIU* „Confidenţial şi exclusiv pentru uzul autorităţilor administrative”. ISTORIA PRIMULUI CONTROL ADMINISTRATIV AL POPULAŢIEI ROMÂNIEI ÎNTREGITE DIN 24 APRILIE – 5 MAI 1927 Abstract The present study deals with an unprecedented chapter of the demographic history of in- terwar Romania – the first administrative control of the population from 24 April to 5 May 1927. Done in the second rule of General Alexandru Averescu, the administrative control had the great merit of succeeding to determine, for the first time after the Great Union of 1918, the total number of the population of the Entire Romania, as well as the demographic dowry of the historical provinces that constituted the Romanian national unitary state. Keywords: administrative control, census, counting, total population, immigration, emigration, majority, minority, ethnic structure. 1 e-a lungul timpului, viaţa şi activitatea militarului de carieră Alexandru DAverescu (n. 9.III.1859, satul Babele, lângă Ismail, Principatele Unite, astăzi în Ucraina – †3.X.1938, Bucureşti, România), care şi-a legat numele de ma- rea epopee naţională a luptelor de la Mărăşeşti, în care s-a ilustrat Armata a 2-a, comandată de el, membru de onoare al Academiei Române (ales la 7 iunie 1923), devenit ulterior mareşal al României (14 iunie 1930), autor a 12 opere despre ches- tiuni militare, politice şi de partid, inclusiv al unui volum de memorii de pe prima linie a frontului1, a făcut obiectul mai multor studii, broşuri şi lucrări ale specialiş- tilor, pe durata întregii perioade interbelice2. * Nicolae Enciu – doctor habilitat în istorie, conferenţiar universitar, director adjunct pentru probleme de ştiinţă, Institutul de Istorie, mun. -
Iuliu Maniu and Corneliu Zelea Codreanu Against King Carol
Reluctant Allies? Iuliu Maniu and Corneliu Zelea Codreanu against King Carol II of Romania Introduction Iuliu Maniu is today regarded as the principle upholder of democratic and constitutional propriety in interwar Romania. As leader of the Romanian National Peasant Party throughout much of the interwar period and the Second World War, he is generally considered to have tried to steer Romania away from dictatorship and towards democracy. Nevertheless, in 1947 Maniu was arrested and tried for treason together with other leaders of the National Peasant Party by the communist authorities. The charges brought against Maniu included having links to the ‘terrorist’ and fascist Romanian Legionary movement (also known as the Iron Guard). The prosecutors drew attention not only to the entry of former legionaries into National Peasant Party organizations in the autumn of 1944, but also to Maniu’s electoral non- aggression pact of 1937 with the Legionary movement’s leader, Corneliu Zelea Codreanu. The pact had been drawn up to prevent the incumbent National Liberal government manipulating the elections of December 1937. Maniu had subsequently acted as defence a witness at Codreanu’s trial in 1938. 1 Since the legionaries were regarded by the communists as the agents of Nazism in Romania, Maniu was accordingly accused of having encouraged the growth of German influence and fascism in Romania.2 Maniu was sentenced to life imprisonment and died in Sighet prison in 1953. Possibly no single act of Maniu’s interwar career was more condemned within Romanian communist historiography than his electoral pact with the allegedly Nazi- 1 Marcel-Dumitru Ciucă (ed.), Procesul lui Iuliu Maniu, Documentele procesului conducătorilor Partidului Naţional Ţărănesc, 3 volumes, Bucharest, 2001, vol. -
Roots of Romanian Antisemitism
BACKGROUND AND PRECURSORS TO THE HOLOCAUST Roots of Romanian Antisemitism The League of National Christian Defense and Iron Guard Antisemitism The Antisemitic Policies of the Goga Government and of the Royal Dictatorship The Roots of Romanian Antisemitism The roots of Romanian antisemitism are intertwined with the origins of the modern Romanian state and the emergence of the rich national cultural tradition that accompanied unification of the principalities, independence, and the creation of Greater Romania. The antisemitism that manifested itself in Romania between the two world wars grew directly from seeds sewn at the major turning points of the country’s development starting in the mid- nineteenth century. For reasons that may have differed from person to person or group to group, strong antisemitic currents were present in various forms and with varying intensity in the political, cultural and spiritual life of Romanian society for most of the century that preceded the accession to power of the National Christian Party in 1937, the installation of the Royal Dictatorship in 1938, and the Antonescu-Iron Guard National Legionary State in 1940—that is, for most of the century that culminated in the Holocaust. The antisemitic actions of that succession of governments drew inspiration from antisemitic themes that had entered the Romanian lexicon of ideas long before the 1930s and long before the Nazi rise to influence and then power in Germany. While each of these three governing configurations mixed the essential elements of widespread antisemitic concepts somewhat differently—leaning more or less heavily on certain themes, perhaps adding to native concepts notions adapted from non-Romanian antisemitic expression, and advocating sometimes greater and sometimes lesser violence to accomplish their goals—they all represented essential continuity with Romanian antisemitic ideas that had their origins in the pre-World War I era. -
Assimilation, Segregation, Integration: State Control on Minority Policies in Modern Romania (1918-2007)
W&M ScholarWorks Undergraduate Honors Theses Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 6-2011 Assimilation, Segregation, Integration: State Control on Minority Policies in Modern Romania (1918-2007) Doina Anca Cretu College of William and Mary Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Cretu, Doina Anca, "Assimilation, Segregation, Integration: State Control on Minority Policies in Modern Romania (1918-2007)" (2011). Undergraduate Honors Theses. Paper 436. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses/436 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Introduction Looking back across Romania‟s twentieth century, Romanian philosopher Emil Cioran once said: "Some countries are blessed with a sort of grace: everything works for them, even their misfortunes and their catastrophes. There are others for whom nothing succeeds and whose very triumphs are but failures. When they try to assert themselves and take a step forward, some external fate intervenes to break their momentum and return them to their starting point."1 Interestingly enough, this particular concept of fate has always been part of socio-political discourse in Romania. Often times the focus shifted towards the benefits of a suprastate, mirrored by what is often called a Romanian inability for decision- making. The idea of the impossibility for Romanians to make their own decisions and determine their own fate has, in fact, become a national cliché as of late. -
Iuliu Maniu and the Romanian Legionary Movement After The
‘Without the Captain’: Iuliu Maniu and the Romanian Legionary Movement after the Death of Corneliu Zelea Codreanu Author(s): Rebecca Haynes Source: The Slavonic and East European Review , Vol. 97, No. 2 (April 2019), pp. 299-341 Published by: the Modern Humanities Research Association and University College London, School of Slavonic and East European Studies Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.97.2.0299 JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at https://about.jstor.org/terms Modern Humanities Research Association and University College London, School of Slavonic and East European Studies are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Slavonic and East European Review This content downloaded from 128.41.35.4 on Mon, 09 Dec 2019 11:59:45 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms ‘Without the Captain’:1 Iuliu Maniu and the Romanian Legionary Movement after the Death of Corneliu Zelea Codreanu REBECCA HAYNES Introduction A previous article in this journal explored the links between Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, the founder and leader of the Romanian Legionary movement (also known as -
Alexandru Nicolschi, Ilegalist Comunist, Spion Sovietic, Deţinut Şi General De Securitate
Alexandru Nicolschi, ilegalist comunist, spion sovietic, deţinut şi general de securitate Mihai Burcea, Marius Stan experţi IICCMER NICOLSCHI ALEXANDRU pe numele adevărat, GRÜNBERG BORIS1 (n. 2 iun. 1915, Chişinău, Republica Moldova – d. 16 apr. 1992, mun. Bucureşti) S-a născut într-o familie de evrei basarabeni, tatăl său Grünberg Alexandru (n. ? – d. 1934) fiind de profesie morar iar mama casnică. Grünberg Alexandru a mai avut 4 fraţi şi o soră: Solomon (mort în timpul Primului Război Mondial); Şlema, de profesie morar, decedat în 1935 la Chişinău din cauza unui tifos exantematic; Zosim, funcţionar la moară, decedat în 1935 la Chişinău; Iosif, muncitor calificat la un siloz din Chişinău, şi Zina, muncitoare la fabrica de sifoane. Mama sa, Rozalia Grünberg (n. ? – d. 1933), a mai avut 3 surori (Krijevschi Aniuta, Krijevschi Zena şi Vera Iacobovici) şi un frate (Krijevschi Manea), care au emigrat în SUA în 1905 odată cu exodul masiv al românilor peste ocean de la începutul secolului al XX-lea. Cu aceştia a ţinut legătura prin corespondenţă în perioada 1925 – 1928, dupăIICCMER care a întrerupt orice fel de comunicare. 1 Prima fotografie provine din dosarul de cadre iar cea de-a doua este captură din „Memorialul durerii”, realizator Lucia Hossu-Longin, 1991. Lista abrevierilor se găseşte la finalul studiului. 1 Nicolschi a mai avut două surori: Marva/Manea Grünberg (n. 1910, Chişinău, Republica Moldova – d. ?), a lucrat ca taxatoare la Societatea comunală de transport din Chişinău până în 1940. După izbucnirea celui de Al Doilea Război Mondial s-a refugiat în interiorul URSS unde a murit de tifos exantematic; şi Fenea Grünberg (n. -
Executive Summary
FINAL REPORT of the International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania Presented to Romanian President Ion Iliescu November 11, 2004 Bucharest, Romania NOTE: The English text of this Report is currently in preparation for publication. © International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania. All rights reserved. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY HISTORICAL FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS HISTORICAL FINDINGS Statement of Fact and Responsibility The Holocaust was the state-sponsored systematic persecution and annihilation of European Jewry by Nazi Germany, its allies, and collaborators between 1933 and 1945. Not only Jews were victimized during this period. Persecution and mass arrests were perpetrated against ethnic groups such as Sinti and Roma, people with disabilities, political opponents, homosexuals, and others. A significant percentage of the Romanian Jewish community was destroyed during World War II. Systematic killing and deportation were perpetrated against the Jews of Bessarabia, Bukovina, and Dorohoi County. Transnistria, the part of occupied Ukraine under Romanian administration, served Romania as a giant killing field for Jews. The Commission concludes, together with the large majority of bona fide researchers in this field, that the Romanian authorities were the main perpetrators of this Holocaust, in both its planning and implementation. This encompasses the systematic deportation and extermination of nearly all the Jews of Bessarabia and Bukovina as well some Jews from other parts of Romania to Transnistria, the mass killings of Romanian and local Jews in Transnistria, the massive execution of Jews during the Iasi pogrom; the systematic discrimination and degradation applied to Romanian Jews during the Antonescu administration—including the expropriation of assets, dismissal from jobs, the forced evacuation from rural areas and concentration in district capitals and camps, and the massive utilization of Jews as forced laborers under the same administration. -
5 Contents Studies and Articles Book Reviews
Analele Universităţii din Craiova. Istorie, Anul XXV, Nr. 1(37)/2020 CONTENTS STUDIES AND ARTICLES Oleh Pylypchuk, Oleh Strelko, COUNT A.P. BOBRINSKY (1826-1894), THE THIRD MINISTER-REFORMER OF RAILWAY MANAGEMENT IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE ... 7 Stoica Lascu, COMPONENTS OF THE MODERNIZATION OF DOBRUDJA WITHIN THE ROMANIAN STATE (1878-1916) (II) .................................................................................. 21 Marilena Rizescu, ILLUSIONS AND REALITIES: THE FIRST STAGES OF ROMANIAN EMIGRATION TO THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AT THE END OF THE 19TH CENTURY ............................................................................................................................................ 45 Laura Oncescu, ROMANIA AND ITALY AT THE BEGINNING OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR: FROM AN ALLIANCE TO ANOTHER (1914-1915) ................................... 61 Veli Kryeziu, Bujar Dugolli, THE CHANGES THAT FOLLOWED THE FIRST WORLD WAR AND THE POLITICAL SITUATION IN KOSOVO ACCORDING TO THE ALBANIAN PRESS ........................................................................................................................... 71 Sultan K. Zhussip (Aqquly), Dikhan Qamzabekuly, Sagymbay Zhumagul, Karlygash Aubakirova, Nurzhan Konrbayеv, THE FAMINE OF 1932-1933 IN KAZAKHSTAN: GENOCIDE OR ETHNOCIDE? ..................................................................................................... 83 Marusia Cîrstea, DOCUMENTS BELONGING TO THE DIPLOMATS IN THE ROMANIAN LEGATION IN LONDON, REGARDING THE INTERNATIONAL SITUATION (JANUARY-JULY -
Romania from Fascism to Communism in the BBCM Reports
Romania from Fascism to Communism in the BBCM Reports Dan Stone, Royal Holloway, University of London During the years 1938–1948 Romania went through a series of remarkable changes. From a parliamentary democracy and monarchy to a fascist regime-cum-military dictatorship to a communist satellite of the Soviet Union, Romania was not simply caught between the machinations of the superpowers, as many historians of the country like to put it. Certainly the Romanian decision to ally itself with Nazi Germany — taken before Ion Antonescu came to power — was made out of fear that this represented the only chance of retaining some independence and having the possibility of regaining lands ceded to the USSR (Northern Bukovina and Bessarabia) and Hungary (Northern Transylvania) in June and August 1940 respectively. But the fact that the choice was Hitler’s Germany rather than Stalin’s Soviet Union tells something about the country’s political culture: monarchist, nationalist, xenophobic, antisemitic and, despite Bucharest’s interwar cosmopolitanism, by 1938 moving decisively into Germany’s orbit. In short order, the country lost a third of its territory, following which King Carol II, under German pressure, was forced to offer dictatorial powers to General Antonescu and then to abdicate in favour of his son Mihai. At first Antonescu shared power with the Iron Guard, with the Guard’s leader, Horia Sima, appointed Deputy Prime Minister when the ‘National Legionary State’ was declared on 14 September 1940. After a few chaotic months, characterised by Iron Guard violence, culminating in the Bucharest pogrom of January 1941 in which 120 Jews were murdered, Antonescu dissolved the National Legionary State on 14 February and established a new government which offered less wayward rule, a more stable partnership with Germany, and, in Antonescu’s eyes at least, a stronger likelihood of regaining northern Transylvania. -
Revista De Istorie Militara Nr. 1-2/2020
– SUMAR • Dosar 1940 – 80 de ani de la destrămarea României Mari – ADRIAN CIOROIANU – Vara 1940 – o umilire națională REVISTA DE ISTORIE (și ce spune ea despre viitorul României) ............................................................... 1 MILITARĂ – PETRE OTU – Factorul militar în procesul de dezmembrare a granițelor Publicaţia este editată de țării (iunie-septembrie 1940). Între cedare și rezistență ....................................... 5 Minis terul Apărării Naţionale, – ION M. IONIȚĂ – Prăbușirea din interior ....................................................... 20 prin Institutul pentru Studii – MANUEL STĂNESCU – Nicovala germană și barosul sovietic. Politice de Apărare şi Istorie Pierderea Basarabiei între iluzii naționale și realități geopolitice ..................... 23 Militară, membru al Consor ţiului – SORIN CRISTESCU – Tragedia României din vara anului 1940 Acade miilor de Apărare şi In văzută din perspectiva relațiilor germane-române la nivel înalt ........................ 32 stitutelor pentru Studii de Se – CERASELA MOLDOVEANU – 1940 – rapturile teritoriale. Soarta curitate din cadrul Partene refugiaților din teritoriile anexate ............................................................................ 45 riatului pentru Pace, coordo – GEORGE UNGUREANU – Cedarea Dobrogei de Sud (Cadrilaterului) ... 56 nator naţional al Proiec tului de – SERGIU BALANOVICI – Retragerea din Basarabia (28-30 iunie 1940). Istorie Paralelă: NATO – Tratatul Un moment dureros din istoria Regimentului 8 roșiori ........................................