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Colorado Journal of Asian Studies, Volume 1, Issue 1 COLORADO JOURNAL OF ASIAN STUDIES Volume 1, Issue 1 (Spring 2012) 1. Constructing Global Space: The Modern, the Nation, and the Transnational in Early Twentieth Century Indian and Chinese Intellectual Discourses Patricia Helfenbein 57. Gongfu Cha: A New American Luxury Jay Hendren 78. The Realities of Violence in Xinjiang Kevin Peters 94. Anti-Americanism in Korean Films Dan Ryan Colorado Journal of Asian Studies Volume 1, Issue 1 (Spring 2012) Center for Asian Studies, University of Colorado 1424 Broadway Street, Boulder CO 80309 Colorado Journal of Asian Studies Volume 1, Issue 1 (Spring 2012) The Colorado Journal of Asian Studies is an undergraduate journal published by the Center for Asian Studies at the University of Colorado at Boulder. Each year we highlight outstanding theses from our graduating seniors in the Asian Studies major. EXECUTIVE BOARD AY 2011-2012 Laurel Rodd, Director Tim Weston, Associate Director Danielle Salaz, Assistant Director Shu-Ling Berggreen Holly Gayley Kira Hall Carla Jones Jay Keister Amy Liu, Editor, Colorado Journal of Asian Studies CURRICULUM COMMITTEE AY 2011-2012 Tim Weston, Chair Janice Brown Holly Gayley Faye Kleeman Amy Liu Dennis McGilvray Ex-Officio Sylvie Burnet-Jones, OIE Janice Oldroyd, Academic Advisor Center for Asian Studies, University of Colorado 1424 Broadway Street, Boulder CO 80309 Colorado Journal of Asian Studies Volume 1, Issue 1 (Spring 2012) NOTE FROM THE EDITOR Each year, the Center for Asian Studies at the University of Colorado at Boulder highlights one or two themes in its sponsored programs. In 2011-2012, the themes were “Visualizing Asia” and “Asia on Edge.” It is fitting that in this inaugural issue of Colorado Journal of Asian Studies, all four articles touch on these themes. The honors thesis by Patricia Helfenbein—the first ever to be done in the Asian Studies Program— examines the discourse among Chinese and Indian intellectuals over the place of the nation (i.e., China and India) on an international level (i.e., Asia). Jay Hendren’s thesis examines the practice of gongfu cha. With a large Chinese diaspora, the practice of gongfu cha has spread far beyond the geographical borders of just China. While Jay’s thesis focuses on how diaspora networks have pushed Chinese boundaries out, Kevin Peter’s thesis looks at the role of the Uyghur diaspora in pushing Chinese boundaries in. The tensions between the Han Chinese and the Uyghur Muslims in Xinjiang have escalated both in frequency and intensity in recent years. We can also imagine Asia and its edges in the fourth article. Dan Ryan’s thesis focuses on the extent of anti-Americanism in Korean films, highlighting clearly the boundaries between Asia and non-Asia. Center for Asian Studies, University of Colorado 1424 Broadway Street, Boulder CO 80309 Colorado Journal of Asian Studies Volume 1, Issue 1 (Spring 2012) Constructing Global Space: The Modern, the Nation, and the Transnational in Early Twentieth Century Indian and Chinese Intellectual Discourses PATRICIA HELFENBEIN he latter part of the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century saw the full development of the nation-state as the only legitimate political unit though T which a society could claim legitimacy and an entitlement to equal treatment, becoming the central organizing feature of the modern world. At the same time, international structures, most notably capitalism, developed during this time, giving rise to the first truly global world system. Putting aside these structures, this study seeks to examine the relationship between the national and the international through exploring the use of transnational discourses in conjunction with discourses of pursuing modernity and building the nation in Chinese and Indian intellectual thought. Focusing on one aspect of these discourses, I argue that intellectuals used discourses of the self and the other in such a way as to create a central, and therefore legitimizing, space for their society in global and regional narratives. INTRODUCTION The alliance between the United States and Great Britain is a partnership of the heart, bound by the n 13 March 2012, British Prime Minister history, traditions and values we share. But what David Cameron and his wife, Samantha, makes our relationship special – a unique and O arrived in the United States for a two-day essential asset – is that we join hands across so many visit and reaffirmation of close diplomatic ties. endeavors. Put simply, we count on each other and Described by the United States press simply as a the world counts on our alliance.2 “special relationship” and touted by the British press as a Special Relationship, it was a move by What is noteworthy about this visit is not the Prime Minister Cameron to ensure that the United actual ties between the United States and Great States and Great Britain would continue to value Britain. Certainly, the timetable for the war in what are seen as the unique and mutually- Afghanistan and the sanctions placed on Iran beneficial ties between Great Britain and the occupied a central place in the meetings between United States.1 As described in a jointly-written these two leaders. The remarkable element here is Washington Post editorial by United States the meaning invested in this relationship by both President Barack Obama and Prime Minister sides, and particularly by the British government. Cameron and published on 12 March, Far more than a simple meeting between allies, this was an effort by the British government to secure its place in the world and to do so by 1 For an example of this in British press, see Nick explicitly naming the United States as a country Robinson, “David Cameron, Barack Obama and the that it regards to be closer to it than most, if not Special Relationship,” BBC News, 13 March 2012, any other. For the United States, it was an http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-17350091. For an example of this in the United States press, see Anthony Faiola, “British Leader David Cameron Heads 2 Barack Obama and David Cameron, “An Alliance the to Washington to Cement Ties,” The Washington Post, 12 World can Count On,” The Washington Post, 12 March March 2012, http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/ 2012, http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/ europe/british-leader-david-cameron-heads-to- barack-obama-and-david-cameron-the-us-and-britain- washington-to-cement-ties/2012/03/12/ still-enjoy-special-relationship/2012/03/12/ gIQAV5UW7R_story.html. gIQABH1G8R_story.html. 1 Colorado Journal of Asian Studies Volume 1, Issue 1 (Spring 2012) opportunity to curry the favor of their British The seemingly unremarkable nature of these allies, particularly in light of their mutual interests relationships is reflected in their marginalization in further abroad. academic literature, giving way to other topics In this statement in the editorial, President such as nationalism and the structures of global Obama and Prime Minister Cameron appeal to a interconnectedness. The recent meeting between shared history and heritage as a factor in their President Obama and Prime Minister Cameron, relationship that will continue into the future and, however, demonstrates a larger element of the most importantly, be beneficial to the world. nation and the global world, namely that one Although it is not mentioned in the articles, this aspect of nation-building occurs beyond the relationship in fact reflects more the individual borders of individual societies. The modern world, nation’s understandings of the self than it does the including what it means to be modern, the nation, regional relationship. This visit occurred at a and the multiple discourses of the international moment when both countries faced problems both and transnational are indivisibly related. In this domestically and in global space. As the BBC study, I examine the works of Chinese and Indian noted, President Obama is facing a reelection year intellectuals from the end of the nineteenth in which a meeting with conservative Prime century through the middle of the twentieth Minster David Cameron could improve his century to better understand how the relationship popularity among American conservatives.3 between the modern, the nation, and the Additionally, as tensions in Afghanistan have international and transnational are used for the increased recently, the United States finds its ultimate goal of defining the self and assuming a situation there more precarious than it has been in beneficial position for that self in the modern recent years and might therefore feel a need to world. I also suggest that the interconnectedness work with allies to continue to best pursue of these three discourses serves as a way to better American interests there. Great Britain is not only understand the global world and the role of the facing the same problem in Afghanistan but is also nation therein. currently dealing with the European Union financial crisis. It is in the context of an increasingly insecure relationship with the other Rethinking the countries of Europe that the Prime Minister visited Nation in the Global World the United States, an event that was widely announced by the British press in contrast to the History as an academic profession was born from more subdued reporting in the United States. In the nation, and, when it emerged, it did so as a other words, both leaders, but especially Prime thoroughly modern discipline. In fact, history as a Minister Cameron, used regional ties to speak to modern field of study emerged in order to write matters concerning the nation. For neither country nationalist histories, and from this, coupled with a was this event about the regional partner but philosophy that subordinated all phenomena to rather how positioning that partner closer to the scientific laws, historians increasingly placed their self could address problems faced by the nation.
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