DOCSLIB.ORG

Transnational Civil Society, Religion, and Power

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Transnational Civil Society, Religion, and Power ABSTRACT Title of dissertation: GLOBAL ISLAM IN THE AGE OF CIVIL SOCIETY: TRANSNATIONAL CIVIL SOCIETY, RELIGION, AND POWER Zeynep Atalay, Doctor of Philosophy, 2012 Dissertation directed by: Roberto Patricio Korzeniewicz Department of Sociology This dissertation examines the instrumental benefits of civil society discourse for Muslim civil society organizations and their pursuit of conservative agendas. Since early 1990, informal religious communities in the Muslim world have been reestablishing themselves as formal NGOs at unprecedented rates. Additionally, they are joining forces and forming transnational coalitions. The constituents’ goals of religious support and solidarity remain unchanged in terms of their commitment to conservative and religious norms. By contrast, existing transnational civil society literature is dominated with assumptions of liberal and secular agendas. Yet, despite the seemingly inherent contradiction, the members of these faith-based organizations and coalitions persistently position themselves within the sphere of civil society. This dissertation problematizes this conflict and asks: Why are the previously informal Islamist networks adopting the discourse of civil society, transforming into formal NGOs, and establishing transnational coalitions? In this study, I examine one of the largest Muslim NGO coalitions to date - the Union of the NGOs of the Islamic World (UNIW). With its 193 member NGOs from 46 countries, the UNIW aims to consolidate faith-based Muslim NGOs and to coordinate member actions for the welfare of Muslim communities around the world. Based on fieldwork conducted in Turkey, Germany, the U.S., Malaysia and Cambodia, I employ qualitative and ethnographic methods and draw on diverse sources of data including in-depth interviews, participant observation and document analysis. My findings suggest that framing this transnational religious solidarity project as a transnational civil society network provides Islamist groups additional channels of power. Specifically, previously informal communities find opportunities to increase their social capital through membership in a transnational coalition, engage in mutually profitable relationships with states, and claim legitimacy as global political actors. The empirical findings of the dissertation challenge several assumptions of the constructivist and sociological institutionalist literature. These perspectives’ contributions to the study of transnational advocacy networks, international NGOs, and transnational NGO coalitions have prioritized ideational and normative concerns over instrumental and interest-based motivations in transnational non-state actor politics. In this dissertation I argue that ideational motivations of transnational non-state actors regularly intersect with instrumental concerns. By demonstrating the instrumental motivations of norm-oriented networks, this dissertation moves beyond the instrumental/ideational divide that permeates the literature on transnational non-state actors. GLOBAL ISLAM IN THE AGE OF CIVIL SOCIETY: TRANSNATIONAL CIVIL SOCIETY, RELIGION, AND POWER By Zeynep Atalay Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2012 Advisory Committee: Professor Roberto Patricio Korzeniewicz, Chair Associate Professor Dana Fisher Associate Professor Meyer Kestnbaum Professor George Ritzer Professor Vladimir Tismaneanu © Copyright by Zeynep Atalay 2012 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research project is a combination of the effort and encouragement of many persons and institutions. I owe the deepest gratitude to Roberto Patricio Korzeniewicz, the chair of my dissertation committee, for his patience and support. He has a rare style that blends challenging criticism with immense kindness. His invaluable feedback and intellectual guidance helped me to think about my work in new and different ways. I am also indebted to my dissertation committee. Dana Fisher and Viladimir Tismaneau stepped in at the later stages of the project, yet their insightful comments were very helpful in channeling my work toward new possibilities. Meyer Kestnbaum was not only a mentor who provided advice, but also friendship at the most strenuous stages of the graduate program. Particular thanks goes to George Ritzer for the rewarding collaborations throughout my academic career at the University of Maryland and the opportunities he has afforded me. Patricia Hill Collins could not serve in the dissertation committee but continued to extend her intellectual motivation and professionalism throughout the project. I also would like to thank the Department of Sociology, at the University of Maryland, College Park. The Graduate Student Summer Research Fellowship in 2009 and the Goldhaber Grant in 2010 helped me conduct fieldwork in Germany, Malaysia, and Cambodia. Dissertation writing is a very isolating process, almost by design. I want to express my gratitude to the Stanford community, particularly the Abbasi Program in Islamic Studies, for welcoming me and providing me a much needed academic community during this time. I am deeply indebted to Burcak Keskin Kozat for her support and friendship. I am also thankful to Joel Beinin, Doug McAdam, Woody Powell and Rob Thomas for their feedback and advice along the way. I express my deepest appreciation to all the interviewees who took time away from their busy schedules to address my questions. The generosity of UNIW’s secretary general and executive committee members made ‘the outsider’ feel welcome, especially during the demanding fieldwork in Cambodia and Malaysia. ii I am grateful to my friends both old and new, who gave me companionship and moral support throughout. Aycan Kapucu shared many of my experiences and was on the other end of the phone, if not next to me, to laugh and complain together. Ozgur Celenk has always been irreplaceable with his matchless humor. Kemal Yilmaz, Ece Ozbayli, and Nese Uyanik reminded me the world outside of academia and gave me some of the best memories I could hope for. The camaraderie of Nihal Celik and Daniel Williams helped me associate Washington D.C. with music and laughter, rather than the anxieties of graduate school. Crane family and friends still make me feel at home with their quirkiness and chaotic joy through the most challenging of times. None of this would have been possible without my family. I am profoundly thankful to Ayse Atalay, Husamettin Atalay and Tulay Murathanoglu for their love, support and understanding. They soldiered on through the years, despite the great distance. Derbeder’s companionship was of immense comfort during the long days in front of the computer. No words can describe my love and gratitude towards the best friend and companion I could wish for, Robert Sherwood. He continues to share my joy and frustrations with his endless patience, understanding, and wisdom. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES VII LIST OF ACRONYMS VIII NOTE ON SPELLINGS AND TRANSLITERATION X CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 7 1.2 THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS 8 1.3 TOWARDS AN ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK TO GUIDE ANALYSIS 11 1.4 DISSERTATION OVERVIEW 15 CHAPTER 2 TRANSNATIONAL POLITICS AND ITS ACTORS: THEORETICAL UNDERPINNINGS 20 2.1 TRANSNATIONALISM AND NON-STATE ACTORS 22 2.1.1 SOCIOLOGICAL INSTITUTIONALISM AND CONSTRUCTIVISM 23 2.1.2 GLOBAL / TRANSNATIONAL NON-STATE POLITICS 32 2.1.3 TRANSNATIONAL NON-STATE ACTORS 35 2.1.4 POWER OF NORMS AND INTERESTS 41 2.2 ANALYTICAL CONTRIBUTIONS OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS THEORY 44 2.2.1 OPPORTUNITY STRUCTURES 44 2.2.2 FRAMING 47 2.3 CONCLUSION 51 CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY 56 3.1 GENERAL METHODOLOGY 56 3.2 RESEARCH PROCEDURES AND DATA COLLECTION 57 3.2.1 INTERVIEWS: TURKEY, GERMANY, THE UNITED STATES 57 3.2.2 PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION AND FOCUS GROUPS: MALAYSIA AND CAMBODIA 60 3.2.3 DOCUMENT REVIEW AND ANALYSIS 64 3.3 PROBLEMS AND VIRTUES OF THE DATA 65 3.3.1 SAMPLING CONSIDERATIONS 66 3.3.2 LANGUAGE CONSIDERATIONS 69 3.4 DATA MANAGEMENT AND ANALYSIS 70 3.5 DEFINITION OF TERMS 72 iv CHAPTER 4 FROM LOCAL CHARITIES TO TRANSNATIONAL COALITIONS: A BRIEF HISTORY OF ISLAMIC NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS 77 4.1 TWO TRIGGERS: WARS IN AFGHANISTAN AND BOSNIA 78 4.2 CONTEMPORARY NGOS IN THE MUSLIM WORLD 81 4.3 TRANSNATIONAL NETWORKS AND ALLIANCES AMONG MUSLIM FAITH-BASED NGOS 86 4.4 CONCLUSION 90 CHAPTER 5 “IT'S NOT A HOBBY, IT’S RELIGIOUS DUTY”: THE UNION OF THE NGOS OF THE ISLAMIC WORLD 93 SECTION I: THE UNION OF THE NGOS OF THE ISLAMIC WORLD 5.1 HISTORY AND MISSION 94 5.2 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE 97 5.3 UNIW’S MEMBER NGOS 99 SECTION II: MUSLIM NGOS AS FAITH-BASED ORGANIZATIONS 5.4 HUMANITARIANISM, SOCIAL AID AND FAITH 103 5.5 ORPHAN CARE PROGRAMS 107 5.6 FAMILY, WOMEN, AND CHILDREN 109 5.7 RELIGIOUS EDUCATION 112 5.8 DEVELOPMENT 114 5.9 CONCLUSION 117 CHAPTER 6 “CIVIL SOCIETY IS THE RISING CURRENCY IN POLITICS TODAY”: DISCURSIVE OPPORTUNITIES OF THE CIVIL SOCIETY FRAMEWORK 120 SECTION I: CIVIL SOCIETY 122 6.1 CIVIL SOCIETY: AN AMBIGUOUS CONCEPT 122 6.2 CIVIL SOCIETY AND ISLAM 128 SECTION II: UNIW AND CIVIL SOCEITY 136 6.3 UNIW’S CONCEPTUALIZATION OF CIVIL SOCIETY 138 6.4 THE CACHET OF CIVIL SOCIETY 143 6.5 TRANSNATIONAL DISCURSIVE OPPORTUNITIES OF THE CIVIL SOCIETY FRAMEWORK 147 6.5.1 LEGITIMACY 148 6.5.2 RESONANCE 152 6.5.3 PUBLIC VISIBILITY 154 6.6 CONCLUSION 157 v CHAPTER 7 “THE EPICENTER OF GLOBAL ISLAM”: GEOPOLITICAL OPPORTUNITY STRUCTURES 160 7.1 ENGAGEMENTS WITH THE GOVERNMENT
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-49128-0 — Democracy and Nationalism in Southeast Asia Jacques Bertrand Index More Information
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-49128-0 — Democracy and Nationalism in Southeast Asia Jacques Bertrand Index More Information Index 1995 Mining Law, 191 Authoritarianism, 4, 11–13, 47, 64, 230–31, 1996 Agreement (with MNLF), 21, 155–56, 232, 239–40, 245 157–59, 160, 162, 165–66 Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao, 142, 150, 153, 157, 158–61, 167–68 Abu Sayaff, 14, 163, 170 Autonomy, 4, 12, 25, 57, 240 Accelerated development unit for Papua and Aceh, 20, 72, 83, 95, 102–3, 107–9 West Papua provinces, 131 Cordillera, 21, 175, 182, 186, 197–98, 200 Accommodation. See Concessions federalism, 37 Aceh Peace Reintegration Agency, 99–100 fiscal resources, 37 Aceh Referendum Information Centre, 82, 84 fiscal resources, Aceh, 74, 85, 89, 95, 98, Aceh-Nias Rehabilitation and Reconstruction 101, 103, 105 Agency, 98 fiscal resources, Cordillera, 199 Act of Free Choice, 113, 117, 119–20, 137 fiscal resources, Mindanao, 150, 156, 160 Administrative Order Number 2 (Cordillera), fiscal resources, Papua, 111, 126, 128 189–90, See also Ancestral domain Indonesia, 88 Al Hamid, Thaha, 136 jurisdiction, 37 Al Qaeda, 14, 165, 171, 247 jurisdiction, Aceh, 101 Alua, Agus, 132, 134–36 jurisdiction, Cordillera, 186 Ancestral Domain, 166, 167–70, 182, 187, jurisdiction, Mindanao, 167, 169, 171 190, 201 jurisdiction, Papua, 126 Ancestral Land, 184–85, 189–94, 196 Malay-Muslims, 22, 203, 207, 219, 224 Aquino, Benigno Jr., 143, 162, 169, 172, Mindanao, 20, 146, 149, 151, 158, 166, 172 197, 199 Papua, 20, 122, 130 Aquino, Butz, 183 territorial, 27 Aquino, Corazon. See Aquino, Cory See also Self-determination Aquino, Cory, 17, 142–43, 148–51, 152, Azawad Popular Movement, Popular 180, 231 Liberation Front of Azawad (FPLA), 246 Armed Forces, 16–17, 49–50, 59, 67, 233, 236 Badan Reintegrasi Aceh.
    [Show full text]
  • Trends in Conflict and Stability in the Indo-Pacific
    Emerging Issues Report Trends in conflict and stability in the Indo-Pacific Iffat Idris GSDRC, University of Birmingham January 2021 About this report The K4D Emerging Issues report series highlights research and emerging evidence to policy-makers to help inform policies that are more resilient to the future. K4D staff researchers work with thematic experts and FCDO to identify where new or emerging research can inform and influence policy. This report is based on ten days of desk-based research carried out in December 2020. K4D services are provided by a consortium of leading organisations working in international development, led by the Institute of Development Studies (IDS), with the Education Development Trust, Itad, University of Leeds Nuffield Centre for International Health and Development, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM), University of Birmingham International Development Department (IDD) and the University of Manchester Humanitarian and Conflict Response Institute (HCRI). For any enquiries, please contact [email protected]. Suggested citation Idris, I. (2020). Trends in conflict and stability in the Indo-Pacific. K4D Emerging Issues Report 42. Brighton, UK: Institute of Development Studies. DOI: 10.19088/K4D.2021.009 Copyright This report was prepared for the UK Government’s Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) and its partners in support of pro-poor programmes. Except where otherwise stated, it is licensed for non- commercial purposes under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0. K4D cannot be held responsible for errors or any consequences arising from the use of information contained in this report. Any views and opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect those of FCDO, K4D or any other contributing organisation.
    [Show full text]
  • Territorial Autonomy and Self-Determination Conflicts: Opportunity and Willingness Cases from Bolivia, Niger, and Thailand
    ICIP WORKING PAPERS: 2010/01 GRAN VIA DE LES CORTS CATALANES 658, BAIX 08010 BARCELONA (SPAIN) Territorial Autonomy T. +34 93 554 42 70 | F. +34 93 554 42 80 [email protected] | WWW.ICIP.CAT and Self-Determination Conflicts: Opportunity and Willingness Cases from Bolivia, Niger, and Thailand Roger Suso Territorial Autonomy and Self-Determination Conflicts: Opportunity and Willingness Cases from Bolivia, Niger, and Thailand Roger Suso Institut Català Internacional per la Pau Barcelona, April 2010 Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes, 658, baix. 08010 Barcelona (Spain) T. +34 93 554 42 70 | F. +34 93 554 42 80 [email protected] | http:// www.icip.cat Editors Javier Alcalde and Rafael Grasa Editorial Board Pablo Aguiar, Alfons Barceló, Catherine Charrett, Gema Collantes, Caterina Garcia, Abel Escribà, Vicenç Fisas, Tica Font, Antoni Pigrau, Xavier Pons, Alejandro Pozo, Mònica Sabata, Jaume Saura, Antoni Segura and Josep Maria Terricabras Graphic Design Fundació Tam-Tam ISSN 2013-5793 (online edition) 2013-5785 (paper edition) DL B-38.039-2009 © 2009 Institut Català Internacional per la Pau · All rights reserved T H E A U T HOR Roger Suso holds a B.A. in Political Science (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, UAB) and a M.A. in Peace and Conflict Studies (Uppsa- la University). He gained work and research experience in various or- ganizations like the UNDP-Lebanon in Beirut, the German Council on Foreign Relations (DGAP) in Berlin, the Committee for the Defence of Human Rights to the Maghreb Elcàlam in Barcelona, and as an assist- ant lecturer at the UAB. An earlier version of this Working Paper was previously submitted in May 20, 2009 as a Master’s Thesis in Peace and Conflict Studies in the Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University, Swe- den, under the supervisor of Thomas Ohlson.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded from Brill.Com09/24/2021 11:12:11AM Via Free Access
    Book Reviews - Peter Boomgaard, Christine Dobbin, Asian entrepreneurial minorities; Conjoint communities in the making of the world economy, 1570-1940. Richmond: Curzon Press, 1996, xiii + 246 pp. [Nordic Institute of Asian Studies Monograph Series 71.] - Ian Brown, Fukuda Shozo, With sweat and abacus; Economic roles of Southeast Asian Chinese on the eve of World War II, edited by George Hicks. Singapore: Select Books, 1995, xii + 246 pp. - Ian Brown, George Hicks, Chinese organisations in Southeast Asia in the 1930s. Singapore: Select Books, 1996, xv + 168 pp. - Matthew I. Cohen, Laurie J. Sears, Shadows of empire; Colonial discourse and Javanese tales. Durham/London: Duke University Press, 1996, xxi + 349 pp. - J. van Goor, Anthony Reid, Southeast Asia in the age of commerce 1450-1680. Vol. II: Expansion and crisis. New Haven/London: Yale University Press, 1993, xv + 390 pp. - J. van Goor, Anthony Reid, Southeast Asia in the age of commerce 1450-1680. Vol. I: The lands below the winds. New Haven/London: Yale University Press, 1988, xvi + 275 pp. - David Henley, Saya S. Shiraishi, Young heroes; The Indnesian family in politics. Ithaca/New York: Southeast Asia Program, Cornell University, Southeast Asia Program Publications, 1997, 183 pp. [Studies on Southeast Asia 22.] - Gerrit Knaap, P. Jobse, Bronnen betreffende de Midden-Molukken 1900-1942. Den Haag: Instituut voor Nederlandse Geschiedenis, 1997. 4 volumes. Rijks Geschiedkundige Publicatiën, Kleine Serie, 81, 82, 83, 84. Volume 1 bewerkt door P. Jobse, 2 en 3 door Ch.F. van Fraassen, 4 door Ch.F van Fraassen en P. Jobse. xii + 578, xii + 578, xii + 711, x + 655, xi + 261 pp., Ch.
    [Show full text]
  • Between Peace and Conflict in the East and the West
    Anja Mihr Editor Between Peace and Conflict in the East and the West Studies on Transformation and Development in the OSCE Region Between Peace and Conflict in the East and the West Anja Mihr Editor Between Peace and Conflict in the East and the West Studies on Transformation and Development in the OSCE Region Editor Anja Mihr OSCE Academy in Bishkek Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan ISBN 978-3-030-77488-2 ISBN 978-3-030-77489-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77489-9 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2021. This book is an open access publication. Open Access This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribu- tion and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the book’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
    [Show full text]
  • The King's Nation: a Study of the Emergence and Development of Nation and Nationalism in Thailand
    THE KING’S NATION: A STUDY OF THE EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF NATION AND NATIONALISM IN THAILAND Andreas Sturm Presented for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of London (London School of Economics and Political Science) 2006 UMI Number: U215429 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U215429 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 I Declaration I hereby declare that the thesis, submitted in partial fulfillment o f the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and entitled ‘The King’s Nation: A Study of the Emergence and Development of Nation and Nationalism in Thailand’, represents my own work and has not been previously submitted to this or any other institution for any degree, diploma or other qualification. Andreas Sturm 2 VV Abstract This thesis presents an overview over the history of the concepts ofnation and nationalism in Thailand. Based on the ethno-symbolist approach to the study of nationalism, this thesis proposes to see the Thai nation as a result of a long process, reflecting the three-phases-model (ethnie , pre-modem and modem nation) for the potential development of a nation as outlined by Anthony Smith.
    [Show full text]
  • Doğu Türkistan'da Asimilasyon Ve Ayrımcılık
    DOĞU TÜRKİSTAN’DA ASİMİLASYON VE AYRIMCILIK Amine Tuna 2012 'RôX7UNLVWDQ¶GD $VLPLODV\RQYH$\UÔPFÔOÔN Yazan Amine Tuna Editör Ümmühan Özkan Ya\Ôna+azÔrOÔN .. ,++ ,nVani <aUGÔm 9akIÔ AUa÷WÔUma <a\ÔnOaU %iUimi ISBN 978-605-5260-01-9 1 %aVkÔ .aVÔm 2012 .aSaNYHSa\Ia'zHni M. Semih Taneri . ,++,QVDQL<DUGÔP9DNIÔ %u eVerin Wüm hakOarÔ mahIuzGur. <azarÔn Ye \a\ÔnFÔnÔn izni aOÔnmakVÔzÔn kiWaEÔn meWni herhanJi Eir IRrmGa \a\ÔmOanamaz kRS\aOanamaz Ye oRôaOWÔOamaz. AnFak ka\nak J|VWeriOerek aOÔnWÔ \aSÔOaEiOir. %ü\ük .araman &aG. Ta\OaVan SRk. 1R )aWih-,VWanEuO TeO 90 212 61 21 21 )akV 90 212 621 70 51 ZeE ZZZ.ihh.RrJ.Wr (-maiO inIR#ihh.RrJ.Wr 3eOikan %aVÔm MaWEaa Ye AmEaOaM San. TiF. /WG. öWi. .. MaOWeSe Mah. *ümü÷Vu\u &aG. 2Gin ,÷ Mrk. 1R.281 =e\WinEurnu-,VWanEuO DOĞU TÜRKİSTAN’DA ASİMİLASYON VE AYRIMCILIK Amine Tuna 2012 İÇİNDEKİLER GİRİŞ .......................................................................................................... 9 1. Bölüm GENEL BİLGİLER .............................................................................. 15 Doğu Türkistan Kimlik Bilgileri ....................................................... 17 Coğrafi Özellikleri ve İklim Yapısı ....................................................18 Ekonomik Yapı .................................................................................. 20 Bingtuan .................................................................................... 24 Nüfus, Etnik Çeşitlilik ve Demografik Yapı ....................................27 Dil, Din ve Kültür .............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Indonesia's Transformation and the Stability of Southeast Asia
    INDONESIA’S TRANSFORMATION and the Stability of Southeast Asia Angel Rabasa • Peter Chalk Prepared for the United States Air Force Approved for public release; distribution unlimited ProjectR AIR FORCE The research reported here was sponsored by the United States Air Force under Contract F49642-01-C-0003. Further information may be obtained from the Strategic Planning Division, Directorate of Plans, Hq USAF. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rabasa, Angel. Indonesia’s transformation and the stability of Southeast Asia / Angel Rabasa, Peter Chalk. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. “MR-1344.” ISBN 0-8330-3006-X 1. National security—Indonesia. 2. Indonesia—Strategic aspects. 3. Indonesia— Politics and government—1998– 4. Asia, Southeastern—Strategic aspects. 5. National security—Asia, Southeastern. I. Chalk, Peter. II. Title. UA853.I5 R33 2001 959.804—dc21 2001031904 Cover Photograph: Moslem Indonesians shout “Allahu Akbar” (God is Great) as they demonstrate in front of the National Commission of Human Rights in Jakarta, 10 January 2000. Courtesy of AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE (AFP) PHOTO/Dimas. RAND is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis. RAND® is a registered trademark. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions or policies of its research sponsors. Cover design by Maritta Tapanainen © Copyright 2001 RAND All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying,
    [Show full text]
  • Peace in Patani? the Prospect of a Settlement in Stability Southern Thailand
    Lamey, J 2013 Peace in Patani? The Prospect of a Settlement in stability Southern Thailand. Stability: International Journal of Security & Development, 2(2): 33, pp. 1-17, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/sta.bt ARTICLE Peace in Patani? The Prospect of a Settlement in Southern Thailand Jay Lamey* The Kingdom of Patani was formally incorporated into the Kingdom of Siam a little over 100 years ago and has been in varying states of rebellion since then. This resistance has at times had a violent character, as it does right now, but has also involved a resilient attachment to various aspects of the local identity, such as the religion, language, and local historic narra- tive. While the right of the inhabitants of the area to legally claim self-determination under international law is tenuous, a broader understanding of self-determination may be able to support the concept of a regional autonomy arrangement within the Thai state. Prima facie, an autonomy arrangement has the potential to address many of the grievances of the Malay-Muslim community in the Patani region. There are also now some positive Southeast Asian examples of autonomy solutions made under similar circumstances, particularly Aceh and Mindanao. This possibility has entered mainstream political discussion in Thailand in recent years. However, credible and committed leadership would be needed from both sides in order for some kind of negotiated settlement to be agreed upon and implemented. Talks between an insurgent group and the Thai government began in 2013. However, these have highlighted significant challenges that would surround any peace process, particularly the dispersed nature of the insurgency.
    [Show full text]
  • Washington Journal of Modern China
    Washington Journal of Modern China Fall 2012, Vol. 10, No. 2 20th Anniversary Issue (1992-2012) ISSN 1064-3028 Copyright, Academic Press of America, Inc. i Washington Journal of Modern China Fall 2012, Vol. 10, No. 2 20th Anniversary Issue (1992-2012) Published by the United States-China Policy Foundation Co-Editors Katie Xiao and Shannon Tiezzi Assistant Editor Amanda Watson Publisher/Founder Chi Wang, Ph.D. The Washington Journal of Modern China is a policy- oriented publication on modern Chinese culture, economics, history, politics, and United States-China relations. The views and opinions expressed in the journal are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position of the Foundation. The publishers, editors, and committee assume no responsibility for the statements of fact or opinion expressed by the contributors. The journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts and book reviews from scholars, policymakers, government officials, and other professionals on all aspects of modern China, including those that deal with Taiwan and Hong Kong, and from all points of view. We regret we are unable to return any materials that are submitted. Manuscript queries should be sent to the Editor, the Washington Journal of Modern China , The United States-China Policy Foundation, 316 Pennsylvania Avenue SE, Suites 201-202, Washington, DC 20003. Telephone: 202-547-8615. Fax: 202-547- 8853. The annual subscription rate for institutions is $40.00; for individuals, $30.00. Shipping and Handling is $5.00 per year. Back/sample issues are available for $14.00/issue. Subscription requests can be made online, at www.uscpf.org or sent to the address above.
    [Show full text]
  • The Freedom to Decide Our Future Patani People Call for a Peaceful Settlement
    THE FREEDOM TO DECIDE OUR FUTURE Patani People Call for a Peaceful Settlement THE FREEDOM TO DECIDE OUR FUTURE: PATANI PEOPLE CALL FOR A PEACEFUL SETTLEMENT 1 The Freedom to Decide Our Future: Patani People Call for a Peaceful Settlement Listening Methodology design and implementation: Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies Support: ​​​​​​​ The Patani Publisher: Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies The Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies and The Patani thank the European Union for their support in the creation of this publication. DISCLAIMER: This publication was produced with the financial support of the European Union. Its contents are the sole responsibility of the Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union. Cover photograph: Titiwangsa Mountains, the lifeblood of the people of Patani, the backbone of the peninsula. The mountains are the source of the rivers that flow through the land, which support the agriculture and fisheries, two of the most important industries in the region. 2 Dedicated to the struggle for peace in Thailand and South-East Asia 3 Abbreviations and Acronyms BRN Barisan Revolusi Nasional CDA Collaborative learning CPCS The Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies CSO Civil Society Organizations INGO International Non-Governmental Organization ISOC Internal Security Operations Command NSAG Non-state Armed Groups PULO Patani United Liberation Organisation 4 Table of Contents Abbreviations and Acronyms ...........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Shifting Faces of Terror After 9/11: Framing the Terrorist Threat
    SHIFTING FACES OF TERROR AFTER 9/11: FRAMING THE TERRORIST THREAT A dissertation submitted to Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Elena Pokalova Dissertation written by Elena Pokalova B.A., Ural State Pedagogical University, 2002 M.A., Kent State University, 2010 Ph.D., Kent State University, 2011 Approved by Andrew Barnes, Ph.D., Co-Chair, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Landon Hancock, Ph.D., Co-Chair, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Steven Hook, Ph.D., Member, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Karl C. Kaltenthaler, Ph.D., Member, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Accepted by Steven Hook, Ph.D., Chair, Department of Political Science John R.D. Stalvey, Ph.D., Dean, College of Arts and Sciences ii TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS...................................................................................................iii LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................ v LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................. vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................ vii Note on Transliteration ....................................................................................................viii List of Frequently Used Abbreviations.............................................................................. ix 1. Introduction....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]