Ethical and Societal Implications of Algorithms, Data, and Artificial Intelligence: a Roadmap for Research
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Julian HUPPERT Cambridge’S Independently-Minded Local Champion
16 Signet Court, Swann’s Road, Cambridge CB5 8LA (01223) 304 421 CV [email protected] @julianhuppert | www.julianhuppert.org.uk Julian HUPPERT Cambridge’s independently-minded local champion PERSONAL BIOGRAPHY I came to Cambridge when I was three months old and attended local HOBBIES & INTERESTS: schools. I studied Natural Sciences at Trinity College, Cambridge. I’ve always loved cycling and hiking, Following completion of a PhD, I worked as a research scientist for and in my spare time I love to several years and set up my own small biotech company. escape to the mountains I was elected as a local councillor in Cambridge in 2001 and as the MP somewhere. for Cambridge in 2010. If at home, I like to listen to music, go CAMPAIGN RECORD to the cinema or spend time in Cambridge’s many fantastic independent cafes and pubs. Standing up for our local NHS “Protecting our local health service - especially mental health - is so important to me. In 2014 I led a debate in Parliament calling for more investment in our NHS here in Cambridge. I was delighted recently when the Government announced local NHS services will receive £20m extra investment next year. Along with Lib Dem colleagues, I am fighting for an investment of £8bn per year into our NHS by 2020.” Fairer funding for our school children “For over 30 years, schools in Cambridgeshire have been massively underfunded - receiving £600 per pupil per year less than the English average. I’ve campaigned for fairer school funding since I was elected as a councillor back in 2001, and from this April local schools will receive £23.2m each year more in funding.” Securing funding for Chesterton station and the Chisholm Trail “For over 15 years I have campaigned for a new station in Chesterton, and in this Parliament the deal was finally agreed! Tackling congestion across Cambridge is vital if our city is to continue to thrive. -
Letters to the Editor
Articles Letters to the Editor Research Priorities for is a product of human intelligence; we puter scientists, innovators, entrepre - cannot predict what we might achieve neurs, statisti cians, journalists, engi - Robust and Beneficial when this intelligence is magnified by neers, authors, professors, teachers, stu - Artificial Intelligence: the tools AI may provide, but the eradi - dents, CEOs, economists, developers, An Open Letter cation of disease and poverty are not philosophers, artists, futurists, physi - unfathomable. Because of the great cists, filmmakers, health-care profes - rtificial intelligence (AI) research potential of AI, it is important to sionals, research analysts, and members Ahas explored a variety of problems research how to reap its benefits while of many other fields. The earliest signa - and approaches since its inception, but avoiding potential pitfalls. tories follow, reproduced in order and as for the last 20 years or so has been The progress in AI research makes it they signed. For the complete list, see focused on the problems surrounding timely to focus research not only on tinyurl.com/ailetter. - ed. the construction of intelligent agents making AI more capable, but also on Stuart Russell, Berkeley, Professor of Com - — systems that perceive and act in maximizing the societal benefit of AI. puter Science, director of the Center for some environment. In this context, Such considerations motivated the “intelligence” is related to statistical Intelligent Systems, and coauthor of the AAAI 2008–09 Presidential Panel on standard textbook Artificial Intelligence: a and economic notions of rationality — Long-Term AI Futures and other proj - Modern Approach colloquially, the ability to make good ects on AI impacts, and constitute a sig - Tom Dietterich, Oregon State, President of decisions, plans, or inferences. -
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A University of Sussex PhD thesis Available online via Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/ This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Please visit Sussex Research Online for more information and further details 2018 Behavioural Models for Identifying Authenticity in the Twitter Feeds of UK Members of Parliament A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF UK MPS’ TWEETS BETWEEN 2011 AND 2012; A LONGITUDINAL STUDY MARK MARGARETTEN Mark Stuart Margaretten Submitted for the degree of Doctor of PhilosoPhy at the University of Sussex June 2018 1 Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................ 1 DECLARATION .................................................................................................................................. 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...................................................................................................................... 5 FIGURES ........................................................................................................................................... 6 TABLES ............................................................................................................................................ -
Roots of Violent Radicalisation
House of Commons Home Affairs Committee Roots of violent radicalisation Nineteenth Report of Session 2010–12 Volume I Volume I: Report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence Additional written evidence is contained in Volume II, available on the Committee website at www.parliament.uk/homeaffairscom Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed 31 January 2012 HC 1446 Published on 6 February 2012 by authority of the House of Commons London: The Stationery Office Limited £20.00 The Home Affairs Committee The Home Affairs Committee is appointed by the House of Commons to examine the expenditure, administration, and policy of the Home Office and its associated public bodies. Current membership Rt Hon Keith Vaz MP (Labour, Leicester East) (Chair) Nicola Blackwood MP (Conservative, Oxford West and Abingdon) James Clappison MP (Conservative, Hertsmere) Michael Ellis MP (Conservative, Northampton North) Lorraine Fullbrook MP (Conservative, South Ribble) Dr Julian Huppert MP (Liberal Democrat, Cambridge) Steve McCabe MP (Labour, Birmingham Selly Oak) Rt Hon Alun Michael MP (Labour & Co-operative, Cardiff South and Penarth) Bridget Phillipson MP (Labour, Houghton and Sunderland South) Mark Reckless MP (Conservative, Rochester and Strood) Mr David Winnick MP (Labour, Walsall North) Powers The Committee is one of the departmental select committees, the powers of which are set out in House of Commons Standing Orders, principally in SO No 152. These are available on the Internet via www.parliament.uk. Publication The Reports and evidence of the Committee are published by The Stationery Office by Order of the House. All publications of the Committee (including press notices) are on the Internet at www.parliament.uk/homeaffairscom. -
CV Sir Shankar Balasubramanian
CV Sir Shankar Balasubramanian Sir Shankar Balasubramanian FRS FMedSci (born 30 September 1966) is an Indian-born British chemist and Herchel Smith Professor of Medicinal Chemistry in the Department of Chemistry the University of Cambridge, Senior Group Leader at the Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute and Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. He is recognised for his contributions in the field of nucleic acids. He is scientific founder of Solexa and Cambridge Epigenetix. Born in Madras (now Chennai) India in 1966, Shankar Balasubramanian moved to the UK with his parents in 1967. He grew up in a rural area just outside Runcorn in Cheshire and attended Daresbury Primary School, then Appleton Hall High School (which has since amalgamated to form Bridgewater High School). He then went on to study the Natural Sciences Tripos at Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge, where he did his undergraduate degree from 1985–88 and continued with a PhD for research on the reaction mechanism of the enzyme chorismate synthase supervised by Chris Abell (1988-1991). Following his PhD, Balasubramanian travelled to the USA as a SERC/NATO Research Fellow and worked in the group of Stephen J. Benkovic at Pennsylvania State University (1991-1993). He started his independent academic career in 1994 in the University of Cambridge and has remained there ever since, first as College Lecturer, then University Lecturer (1998), University Reader in Chemical Biology (2003) and Professor of Chemical Biology (2007). He was most recently appointed Herchel Smith Professor of Medicinal Chemistry in 2008. He currently when? directs research laboratories in the Department of Chemistry and also the Cancer Research UK (CRUK) Cambridge Institute at the Cambridge Biomedical Campus. -
The Future of AI: Opportunities and Challenges
The Future of AI: Opportunities and Challenges Puerto Rico, January 2-5, 2015 ! Ajay Agrawal is the Peter Munk Professor of Entrepreneurship at the University of Toronto's Rotman School of Management, Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research in Cambridge, MA, Founder of the Creative Destruction Lab, and Co-founder of The Next 36. His research is focused on the economics of science and innovation. He serves on the editorial boards of Management Science, the Journal of Urban Economics, and The Strategic Management Journal. & Anthony Aguirre has worked on a wide variety of topics in theoretical cosmology, ranging from intergalactic dust to galaxy formation to gravity physics to the large-scale structure of inflationary universes and the arrow of time. He also has strong interest in science outreach, and has appeared in numerous science documentaries. He is a co-founder of the Foundational Questions Institute and the Future of Life Institute. & Geoff Anders is the founder of Leverage Research, a research institute that studies psychology, cognitive enhancement, scientific methodology, and the impact of technology on society. He is also a member of the Effective Altruism movement, a movement dedicated to improving the world in the most effective ways. Like many of the members of the Effective Altruism movement, Geoff is deeply interested in the potential impact of new technologies, especially artificial intelligence. & Blaise Agüera y Arcas works on machine learning at Google. Previously a Distinguished Engineer at Microsoft, he has worked on augmented reality, mapping, wearable computing and natural user interfaces. He was the co-creator of Photosynth, software that assembles photos into 3D environments. -
Hubert Huppert Contents
Hubert Huppert Born 1943. Life story interview by Alan Macfarlane. Available online at www.livesretold.co.uk Contents 1. My Parents 2. My Early Life 3. Sydney High School 4. Sydney University 5. University of California San Diego 6. Cambridge University 7. Molten Magma and Mushy Layers 8. Carbon Sequestration 9. Bio-terrorism 10. Reflections The text of this life story is transcribed, with thanks and acknowledgement, from the collection of Filmed Interviews with Leading Thinkers at the Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology at the University of Cambridge. The interview was carried out by Prof. Alan Macfarlane on 3rd September 2008, and was transcribed by Sarah Harrison. The video is here: https://www.sms.cam.ac.uk/media/1123184 1 1. My Parents I was born in Sydney, Australia, in 1943. My maternal grandfather was a shamus in a Viennese synagogue. Both he and his wife were very religious; I got to know them when they came out to Australia in about 1947-8. The remarkable thing about my paternal grandparents is that I knew nothing about them; my sister and I both assumed that they perished in the Holocaust although we had not been told. My father died when I was thirteen. About seven or eight years ago my sister did some extensive research in the Viennese archives and found that both my paternal grandparents had died natural deaths in hospital in 1935 and 1937. My father rarely talked about his time in Vienna and neither did my mother. She would talk about St Stephen's dome in Vienna and the giant wheel nearby. -
How Designers Are Changing Democratic Spaces and Processes 2 Designing Democracy: How Designers Are Changing Democratic Spaces and Processes
1 An inquiry by the Design Commission How designers are changing democratic spaces and processes 2 Designing Democracy: How designers are changing democratic spaces and processes An inquiry by the Design Commission March 2015 The essay collection follows a five month inquiry process Co-Chaired by John Howell MP and Richard Simmons. On behalf of the inquiry Co-Chairs, the essays were compiled by Naomi Turner, Manager of the Design Commission at Policy Connect. Contact the Design Commission Secretariat at Policy Connect, CAN Mezzanine, 32-36 Loman Street, London SE1 0EH. www.policyconnect.org.uk/apdig 3 4 Designing Democracy: How designers are changing democratic spaces and processes Contents Contents Foreword 7 John Howell OBE MP FSA and inquiry co-chair Introduction 8 Dr Richard Simmons and inquiry co-chair Designing Direct Democracy 10 William Baker and Nick Hurley, thevotingproject.com SECTION 1: PARLIAMENT BUILDINGS The Welsh Assembly 13 Lord Rogers of Riverside, Rogers Stirk Harbour and Partners (RSHP) The People’s Palace 15 Carole-Anne Davies, Design Commission Wales The Scottish Parliament 17 Karen Anderson, Architecture and Design Scotland The Future of the Palace of Westminster, by Design 20 Kate Jones, Design Council Competition to host a Northern Parliament 22 Julian Smith MP and the Rt Hon Frank Field MP SECTION 2: DIGITAL OPPORTUNITIES Reflections on Design and the Digital Democracy Commission 27 Rt Hon John Bercow MP, Speaker of the House of Commons Designing Democracy 29 Julian Huppert MP interviewed by Ben Terrett, Government -
Beneficial AI 2017
Beneficial AI 2017 Participants & Attendees 1 Anthony Aguirre is a Professor of Physics at the University of California, Santa Cruz. He has worked on a wide variety of topics in theoretical cosmology and fundamental physics, including inflation, black holes, quantum theory, and information theory. He also has strong interest in science outreach, and has appeared in numerous science documentaries. He is a co-founder of the Future of Life Institute, the Foundational Questions Institute, and Metaculus (http://www.metaculus.com/). Sam Altman is president of Y Combinator and was the cofounder of Loopt, a location-based social networking app. He also co-founded OpenAI with Elon Musk. Sam has invested in over 1,000 companies. Dario Amodei is the co-author of the recent paper Concrete Problems in AI Safety, which outlines a pragmatic and empirical approach to making AI systems safe. Dario is currently a research scientist at OpenAI, and prior to that worked at Google and Baidu. Dario also helped to lead the project that developed Deep Speech 2, which was named one of 10 “Breakthrough Technologies of 2016” by MIT Technology Review. Dario holds a PhD in physics from Princeton University, where he was awarded the Hertz Foundation doctoral thesis prize. Amara Angelica is Research Director for Ray Kurzweil, responsible for books, charts, and special projects. Amara’s background is in aerospace engineering, in electronic warfare, electronic intelligence, human factors, and computer systems analysis areas. A co-founder and initial Academic Model/Curriculum Lead for Singularity University, she was formerly on the board of directors of the National Space Society, is a member of the Space Development Steering Committee, and is a professional member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). -
F.3. the NEW POLITICS of ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE [Preliminary Notes]
F.3. THE NEW POLITICS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE [preliminary notes] MAIN MEMO pp 3-14 I. Introduction II. The Infrastructure: 13 key AI organizations III. Timeline: 2005-present IV. Key Leadership V. Open Letters VI. Media Coverage VII. Interests and Strategies VIII. Books and Other Media IX. Public Opinion X. Funders and Funding of AI Advocacy XI. The AI Advocacy Movement and the Techno-Eugenics Movement XII. The Socio-Cultural-Psychological Dimension XIII. Push-Back on the Feasibility of AI+ Superintelligence XIV. Provisional Concluding Comments ATTACHMENTS pp 15-78 ADDENDA pp 79-85 APPENDICES [not included in this pdf] ENDNOTES pp 86-88 REFERENCES pp 89-92 Richard Hayes July 2018 DRAFT: NOT FOR CIRCULATION OR CITATION F.3-1 ATTACHMENTS A. Definitions, usage, brief history and comments. B. Capsule information on the 13 key AI organizations. C. Concerns raised by key sets of the 13 AI organizations. D. Current development of AI by the mainstream tech industry E. Op-Ed: Transcending Complacency on Superintelligent Machines - 19 Apr 2014. F. Agenda for the invitational “Beneficial AI” conference - San Juan, Puerto Rico, Jan 2-5, 2015. G. An Open Letter on Maximizing the Societal Benefits of AI – 11 Jan 2015. H. Partnership on Artificial Intelligence to Benefit People and Society (PAI) – roster of partners. I. Influential mainstream policy-oriented initiatives on AI: Stanford (2016); White House (2016); AI NOW (2017). J. Agenda for the “Beneficial AI 2017” conference, Asilomar, CA, Jan 2-8, 2017. K. Participants at the 2015 and 2017 AI strategy conferences in Puerto Rico and Asilomar. L. Notes on participants at the Asilomar “Beneficial AI 2017” meeting. -
What the UK Election Means for Science
NEWS IN FOCUS that blocked valleys, including several POLITICS along the Trisuli River, which runs between Nepal and Tibet. “It looks to be quite risky there at the moment,” says Nick Rosser, a landslide expert at Durham University, UK. What the UK election “This will be the area of biggest impact when the monsoon starts, as rainfall totals there are among some of the highest in the coun- means for science try.” In preparation, a team from the Chinese Academy of Sciences has been surveying landslide sites along roads that lead to Tibet. A Conservative majority, Scottish National Party rise and Another area of concern is a landslide-cre- Liberal Democrat losses all have implications for research. ated lake on the Marshyangdi River, which runs above the Annapurna trekking circuit. The monsoon in Nepal typically lasts from BY ELIZABETH GIBNEY Nick Hillman, director of the Higher June to September, and fatal landslides hap- Education Policy Institute in Oxford, UK, says pen mostly during that period. The amount rom an outright majority in Parliament that the reappointment of Theresa May as of monsoon rainfall varies dramatically from for the Conservatives, to the decimation of Home Secretary may trouble scientists. The year to year (D. N. Petley et al. Nat. Hazards the Liberal Democrats and the rise of the last government’s tough stance on immigra- 43, 23–44; 2007). The fact that the earth- FScottish National Party, the UK general election tion included cutting the post-study work visa quake struck in April may have been some- on 7 May was full of surprises — many of which for international students (see Nature 506, thing of a saving grace, because dry soils are will have implications for science. -
Public Response to RFI on AI
White House Office of Science and Technology Policy Request for Information on the Future of Artificial Intelligence Public Responses September 1, 2016 Respondent 1 Chris Nicholson, Skymind Inc. This submission will address topics 1, 2, 4 and 10 in the OSTP’s RFI: • the legal and governance implications of AI • the use of AI for public good • the social and economic implications of AI • the role of “market-shaping” approaches Governance, anomaly detection and urban systems The fundamental task in the governance of urban systems is to keep them running; that is, to maintain the fluid movement of people, goods, vehicles and information throughout the system, without which it ceases to function. Breakdowns in the functioning of these systems and their constituent parts are therefore of great interest, whether it be their energy, transport, security or information infrastructures. Those breakdowns may result from deteriorations in the physical plant, sudden and unanticipated overloads, natural disasters or adversarial behavior. In many cases, municipal governments possess historical data about those breakdowns and the events that precede them, in the form of activity and sensor logs, video, and internal or public communications. Where they don’t possess such data already, it can be gathered. Such datasets are a tremendous help when applying learning algorithms to predict breakdowns and system failures. With enough lead time, those predictions make pre- emptive action possible, action that would cost cities much less than recovery efforts in the wake of a disaster. Our choice is between an ounce of prevention or a pound of cure. Even in cases where we don’t have data covering past breakdowns, algorithms exist to identify anomalies in the data we begin gathering now.