Ai, Politics and Security in the Asia Pacific Program

AI, POLITICS AND SECURITY IN THE ASIA PACIFIC

PROGRAM

Thursday 14 March - Friday 15 March 2019 Mills Room, Chancelry Building, 10 East Road, ANU

Co-convened by: In partnership with: Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs (ANU) Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence (Cambridge) CONTENTS

Welcome 1

Conference Program 2 - 3

Session 1: What is AI? 4

Session 2: AI, International Norms and Challenges to the Ethics and Laws of War 5 - 6

Session 3: AI and the Changing Nature of Security, Strategy and War 7 - 8

Session 4: The Future of AI and Associated Risks 8

Session 5: Understanding the Science Behind Targeted Messaging 9

Session 6: AI, Big Data Analytics, the Citizen and the State 10 - 11

Session 7: The Case of Cambridge Analytica: Revelations and Lessons Learned 12

Session 8: AI Impacts: Building Effective Networks in the Asia Pacific 13 - 15

Participant List 16 - 17

The ANU Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs CFI is an interdisciplinary research centre committed (Bell School) is a world-leading centre for research, to exploring the impacts of AI, both short and long education, and policy analysis on international term; it is based at the University of Cambridge, with and Asia Pacific politics, security, diplomacy, and ‘spokes’ at Oxford, Imperial College London, and strategic affairs. UC Berkeley. WELCOME FROM WORKSHOP CO-CONVENORS

The existing and potential impact of AI is impossible to ignore. AI already influences every aspect of our lives, sometimes in seemingly unremarkable ways. Yet, we are also seeing signs of how it may radically alter international politics and security. From the use of AI by Cambridge Analytica to send targeted messages to voters through social media in the context of Brexit and the 2016 US presidential election, to on-going debates in the European Parliament and the UN about lethal autonomous weapons, the far-reaching political and security implications of AI demand our attention. The Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs (The Australian National University) and the Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence (University of Cambridge) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in September 2018. The aim of this MoU is to foster research collaboration on the impact of AI on the politics and security of the Asia Pacific. This workshop is our first joint endeavour. We hope that it will do the following:

>> Bring together outstanding scholars and practitioners working on the political and security implications of AI to establish a network of people making important contributions in this area; >> Introduce those with expertise in politics and security (who may not have previously focused on AI) to those with specific expertise in AI in order to open up new possibilities for collaboration - and, importantly; >> Provide a forum for discussion and debate about some of the most significant and challenging problems that we currently face in international politics.

We are very grateful to you for joining us and look forward to two days of learning and lively discussion!

Professor Huw Price Professor Toni Erskine Academic Director Director Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs University of Cambridge The Australian National University

Huw Price and Toni Erskine signing a ‘memorandum of understanding’, Singapore in 2018.

AI, Politics and Security in the Asia Pacific 1 THURSDAY 14 MARCH 2019

8.30-9.00am Registration, tea and coffee 9.00-9.30am Welcome and Introduction Professor Toni Erskine, Director, Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs, ANU Professor Huw Price, Academic Director, Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence, Cambridge Professor Mike Calford, Provost, ANU 9.30-10.30am SESSION 1: WHAT IS AI? Dr Karina Vold (CFI, Cambridge) > What is AI? Reflections from Philosophy

Professor Lexing Xie (Research School of Computer Science, ANU) > Explaining AI to Political Scientists and Policy Makers: Insights from Computer Science

Chair: Professor Huw Price (CFI, Cambridge) 10.30-11.00am Morning tea

11.00am-1.00pm SESSION 2: AI, INTERNATIONAL NORMS AND CHALLENGES TO THE ETHICS AND LAWS OF WAR Professor Toby Walsh via Skype (Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, UNSW) > Technical Concerns around “Killer Robots”

Professor Toni Erskine (Bell School, ANU) > AI and the Problem of Misplaced Responsibility in War

Jake Lucchi (Head of Content and AI - Public Policy, Google Asia Pacific) > Google’s ‘AI Principles’: How Can Google Contribute to Developing International Norms on Issues such as Lethal Autonomous Weapons?

Chair: Associate Professor Bina D’Costa (Dept. of International Relations, Bell School, ANU)

Discussant: Associate Professor Seth Lazar (School of Philosophy, ANU) 1.00-2.00pm Lunch 2.00-3.30pm SESSION 3: AI AND THE CHANGING NATURE OF SECURITY, STRATEGY AND WAR Major General Mick Ryan (Australian War College) > Strategic Competition, War and AI

Dr Shashi Jayakumar (S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, NTU) > AI and Security: A Perspective from Singapore

Chair: Dr Meighen McCrae (Strategic & Defence Studies Centre, Bell School, ANU)

Discussant: Professor Evelyn Goh (Strategic & Defence Studies Centre, Bell School, ANU)

3.30-4.00pm Afternoon tea 4.00-6.30pm SESSION 4: THE FUTURE OF AI AND ASSOCIATED RISKS Dr Shahar Avin (Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, Cambridge) In this interactive exercise, participants will assume the roles of key stakeholders in the future of AI, from tech companies, through governments and militaries, to other industries (including defence) and NGOs. Together we will create a single, rich narrative of one possible way the relevant technologies could develop and be deployed. We will use this narrative to explore open questions about the future of AI, its poitential impacts and risks, and key decision points in the present and the near future, touching on themes from the entire workshop agenda.

2 Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs FRIDAY 15 MARCH 2019

8.30-9.00am Registration, tea and coffee 9.00-10.30am SESSION 5: UNDERSTANDING THE SCIENCE BEHIND TARGETED MESSAGING Vesselin Popov (Psychometrics Centre, Cambridge) > Predicting Psychological Traits from Digital Footprints > Microtargeting and Tailoring

Chair: Dr George Carter (Dept. of Pacific Affairs,Bell School, ANU)

Discussant: Dr Jenny Davis (School of Sociology, ANU) 10.30-10.45am Morning tea

10.45am-12.45pm SESSION 6: AI, BIG DATA ANALYTICS, THE CITIZEN AND THE STATE

Bing Song (Director, Berggruen Institute China Center) > China’s Social Credit System

Dr Karina Vold (CFI, Cambridge) > Privacy, Autonomy and Personalised Targeting: Rethinking How Personal Data Is Used

Katherine Mansted (Belfer Center, Harvard; National Security College, ANU) > The Coming AI Wave: Can Democracy Survive?

Chair: Hon Professor Brendan Sargeant (Strategic & Defence Studies Centre, Bell School, ANU)

Discussant: Dr Sarah Logan (Dept. of International Relations, Bell School, ANU) 12.45-1.45pm Lunch 1.45-3.15pm SESSION 7: THE CASE OF CAMBRIDGE ANALYTICA: REVELATIONS AND LESSONS LEARNED

Vesselin Popov (Psychometrics Centre, Cambridge)

Chair: Professor Toni Erskine (Bell School, ANU)

Discussant: Dr Paul Kenny (Dept. of Political and Social Change, Bell School, ANU) 3.15-3.30pm Afternoon Tea 3.30-4.30pm SESSION 8: AI IMPACTS: BUILDING EFFECTIVE NETWORKS IN THE ASIA PACIFIC Roundtable with: - Bing Song (Vice President, Berggruen Institute China Center), co-chair - Professor Huw Price (CFI, Cambridge), co-chair - Sakuntala Akmeemana (Principal Sector Specialist - Development Policy Division, DFAT) - Jake Lucchi (Head of Content and AI - Public Policy, Google Asia Pacific) - Delia Pembrey (Augmented Intelligence Centre of Excellence, Department of Human Services) - Christina Parolin (Executive Director, Australian Academy of the Humanities) - Professor Duncan Ivison (Deputy Vice Chancellor, Research, University of Sydney) - Dr Yang Liu (CFI, Cambridge) 4.30-5.30pm Cocktail Reception

AI, Politics and Security in the Asia Pacific 3 SESSION 1: WHAT IS AI?

Dr Karina Vold Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence, University of Cambridge Karina Vold specialises in philosophy of mind and cognition. She received her Bachelor’s degree in philosophy and political science from the University of Toronto and her PhD in Philosophy from McGill University. She has been a visiting scholar at Ruhr University, a fellow at Duke University, and a lecturer at Carleton and McGill Universities. Vold is interested in the extent to which our minds are inseparable from our bodies and our wider social, cultural, and physical environments. Her recent work focuses on theories of cognitive extension, intelligence augmentation, neuroethics, and decision-making. At CFI she is exploring the topics of personalised targeting, the use of non-autonomous AI systems to aid human cognition, and ethical questions about the use of AI.

Professor Lexing Xie Research School of Computer Science, The Australian National University Lexing Xie is Professor in the Research School of Computer Science at The Australian National University where she leads the ANU Computational Media lab (http://cm.cecs.anu.edu.au). Her research interests are in machine learning, optimisation and social media. Of particular recent interest are stochastic time series models, neural networks for sequences and languages, the intersection of prediction and planning, applied to diverse problems such as multimedia knowledge graphs and popularity in social media. Her research is supported by the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Data61, Data to Decisions CRC and the Australian Research Council. Lexing received the 2018 Chris Wallace Award for Outstanding Research. She was IEEE Circuits and Systems Society Distinguished Lecturer 2016-2017. She was research staff member at IBM T.J. Watson Research Centre in New York from 2005 to 2010. She received a BS from Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, and PhD from Columbia University, all in Electrical Engineering.

Professor Huw Price Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence, University of Cambridge Huw Price is Bertrand Russell Professor of Philosophy and a Fellow of Trinity College at the University of Cambridge. He is Academic Director of the Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence, and a co-founder with Martin Rees and Jaan Tallinn of the Centre for the Study of Existential Risk. Before moving to Cambridge he was ARC Federation Fellow and Challis Professor of Philosophy at the University of Sydney, where from 2002—2012 he was founding Director of the Centre for Time.

4 Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs SESSION 2: AI, INTERNATIONAL NORMS AND CHALLENGES TO THE ETHICS AND LAWS OF WAR

Professor Toby Walsh Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales Toby Walsh is Scientia Professor of Artificial Intelligence at the University of New South Wales and Data61. He was named by The Australian newspaper as one of the “rock stars” of Australia’s digital revolution. Professor Walsh is a strong advocate for limits to ensure AI is used to improve our lives. He has been a leading voice in the discussion about autonomous weapons (aka “killer robots”), speaking at the UN in New York and Geneva on the topic. He is a Fellow of the Australia Academy of Science and recipient of the NSW Premier’s Prize for Excellence in Engineering and ICT. He appears regularly on TV and radio, and has authored two books on AI for a general audience, the most recent entitled 2062: The World that AI Made. Professor Toni Erskine Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs, The Australian National University Toni Erskine is Professor of International Politics and Director of the Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs at The Australian National University. She is also Editor of International Theory: A Journal of International Politics, Law and Philosophy, Associate Fellow of the Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence at the University of Cambridge, and a CI and ‘Discovery’ Lead on the ANU Humanising Machine Intelligence Grand Challenge. She currently serves on the advisory group for the Google/United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) ‘AI for Social Good’ Research Network, administered by the Association of Pacific Rim Universities. In 2017-18 she contributed to the Google-funded research project ‘AI for Everyone’. Her research interests include the moral agency and responsibilities of formal organisations in international politics, the ethics of war, the responsibility to protect (‘R2P’), and the impact of AI on human conceptions of our responsibilities, particularly in the context of organised violence.

Jake Lucchi Google Asia-Pacific Jake Lucchi leads Google’s policy work on AI, among other areas, for the Asia Pacific region. In this role, he works with government, academia, industry and civil society to build an ecosystem in which AI can be leveraged to achieve economic and social benefit around the region through promoting the development and application of AI for good. He is also deeply involved in Google’s internal work on responsible development of AI and developing international governance frameworks to mitigate risks. Prior to joining Google he worked on a range of law and policy issues for the United Nations, INGOs and as a consultant for the Thai government, for which he helped redesign the migrant labor regulatory scheme to prevent human trafficking. Originally from the US, he has lived full time in the APAC region since 2010 and speaks fluent Thai. He holds a juris doctorate (law) from Yale University and a BA, summa cum laude, in politics and philosophy from University of Missouri. He is based in Hong Kong.

AI, Politics and Security in the Asia Pacific 5 SESSION 2: AI, INTERNATIONAL NORMS AND CHALLENGES TO THE ETHICS AND LAWS OF WAR

Associate Professor Seth Lazar School of Philosophy, The Australian National University Seth Lazar is Associate Professor of Philosophy at ANU, head of the school of philosophy, and project lead of the Humanising Machine Intelligence Grand Challenge (hmi.anu.edu.au). He has published widely in leading philosophy and political science journals, and edited several journal symposia and edited volumes with OUP. His monograph, Sparing Civilians, was published with OUP in 2015; he has another under contract with OUP, on Duty Under Doubt.

Associate Professor Bina D’Costa Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs, The Australian National University Bina D’Costa is Associate Professor at the Department of International Relations, Coral Bell School of Asia-Pacific Affairs at the Australian National University. Her research interests span displacement and migration, security and global protection systems; gender, justice and war crimes; and human rights advocacy. At the height of Europe’s refugee emergency, she moved to UNICEF Office of Research- Innocenti as its senior migration and displacement advisor to build UNICEF’s Migration and Displacement global program (2016-2018). She has served in UNICEF’s Europe, Horn of Africa and Rohingya Emergency Response.bodies, UN agencies and NGOs.

ANU Research Profile:

HUMANISING MACHINE INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH PROJECT

New technologies always bear the stamp of their designers’ values. For machine intelligence, they’re deeply etched in the code. AI sees the world through the data that we provide and curate. Its choices reflect our priorities. Its unintended consequences voice our indifference. Machine intelligence cannot be morally neutral. We must choose: try to design moral machine intelligence, which sees the world fairly and chooses justly; or else build the next industrial revolution on immoral machines. To design moral machine intelligence, we must understand how our perspectives reflect power and prejudice. We must understand our priorities, and how to represent them in terms a machine can act on. And we must break new ground in machine learning and AI research. The Humanising Machine Intelligence project (hmi.anu.edu.au) exists to unite some of The Australian National University’s world-leading researchers in the social sciences, philosophy, and computer science around these shared goals. It is an ANU Grand Challenge project.

6 Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs SESSION 3: AI AND THE CHANGING NATURE OF SECURITY, STRATEGY AND WAR

Major General Mick Ryan Australian War College Mick Ryan graduated from the Royal Military College, Duntroon, in 1989 as a Combat Engineer. He has variously served in East Timor, Iraq and Afghanistan. Following several significant command appointments within the Australian Army, Major General Ryan was appointed Commander of the Australian War College. Major General Ryan has a Bachelor’s degree in Asian Studies from the University of New England and is a graduate of the Australian Defence Force School of Languages. He is a Distinguished Graduate of the United States Marine Corps Command and Staff College, and a graduate of the USMC School of Advanced Warfighting. In 2012, he graduated with distinction from the Johns Hopkins University, School of Advanced International Studies, earning a Masters in International Public Policy.

Dr Shashi Jayakumar Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Nanyang Technological University Shashi Jayakumar assumed the appointment as Head, Centre of Excellence for National Security (CENS) on 1 April 2015, and the appointment of Executive Coordinator, Future Issues and Technology on 1 Aug 2017. Dr Jayakumar was educated at Oxford University where he studied History (BA 1997, D.Phil, 2001). He has published in various peer-reviewed journals and edited volumes on topics relating to medieval history (the focus of his doctorate). He was a member of the Singapore Administrative Service from 2002-2017. During this time, he was posted to various Ministries, including the Ministries of Defence, Manpower, Information and the Arts, and Community Development, Youth and Sports. He was from August 2011-July 2014 a Senior Visiting Research Fellow at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy. His research interests include extremism, social resilience, cyber, and homeland defence. He is currently completing a major book project relating to local (Singapore) politics (forthcoming, National University of Singapore Press, 2019).

Dr Meighen McCrae Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs, The Australian National University Meighen McCrae is a Lecturer in the Strategic & Defence Studies Centre at ANU. An historian of international history and the history of war, one of her main research areas is how individuals think about future war during periods of conflict or great international tension. Dr McCrae teaches at both the Australian War College and the Acton campus. Previously she was a lecturer in military history, strategic studies, and intelligence studies as well as the Deputy-Director of the Centre for Intelligence and International Security Centre in the International Politics Department, Aberystwyth University. She has also taught for King’s College London at the Joint Services Command and Staff College. She holds a DPhil from the University of Oxford. Recently she published her monograph, Coalition Strategy and the End of the First World War, with Cambridge University Press’ Military Histories Series.

AI, Politics and Security in the Asia Pacific 7 SESSION 3: AI AND THE CHANGING NATURE OF SECURITY, STRATEGY AND WAR

Professor Evelyn Goh Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs, The Australian National University Evelyn Goh is the Shedden Professor of Strategic Policy Studies at The Australian National University, where she is also Research Director at the Strategic & Defence Studies Centre. She has published widely on US-China relations and diplomatic history, regional security order in East Asia, Southeast Asian strategies towards great powers, and environmental security. These include The Struggle for Order: Hegemony, Hierarchy and Transition in Post- Cold War East Asia (Oxford University Press, 2013); ‘Great Powers and Hierarchical Order in Southeast Asia: Analyzing Regional Security Strategies’, International Security 32:3 (Winter 2007/8):113-57; and Constructing the US Rapprochement with China, 1961-1974 (Cambridge University Press, 2004). Most recently, she edited the volume Rising China’s Influence in Developing Asia (Oxford University Press, 2016). She holds Masters (1999) and Doctoral (2001) degrees in International Relations and an undergraduate degree in Geography (1996), all from the University of Oxford. She also holds a Masters in Environment & Development from Cambridge (1997).

SESSION 4: THE FUTURE OF AI AND ASSOCIATED RISKS

Dr Shahar Avin Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, University of Cambridge Shahar Avin is a postdoctoral researcher at the Centre for the Study of Existential Risk (CSER). He works with CSER researchers and others in the global catastrophic risk community to identify and design risk prevention strategies, through organising workshops, building agent-based models, and by frequently asking naive questions. He was co-lead author on “The Malicious Use of Artificial Intelligence: Forecasting, Prevention, and Mitigation”, a report on emerging security implications of AI released by CSER, OpenAI, the Future of Humanity Institute, the Centre for New American Security and colleagues last year. Prior to CSER, Shahar worked at Google for a year as a mobile/web software engineer. His PhD was in philosophy of science, on the allocation of public funds to research projects. His undergraduate was in physics and philosophy of science.

8 Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs SESSION 5: UNDERSTANDING THE SCIENCE BEHIND TARGETED MESSAGING

George Carter Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs, The Australian National University George Carter is a Research Fellow in Geopolitics and Regionalism, in the Department of Pacific Affairs at The Australian National University (ANU), having completed his PhD on multilateral consensus decision and the involvement of Pacific island states in climate change negotiations. His current research interests focus on foreign policy making in the Pacific islands and their relationship with Australia; as well as the geopolitical security interests in the region around climate change and environment, human security and cyber- security. George completed a Master of Arts in International Relations with Honours, and a Master of Diplomacy at ANU under an Australia Award Scholarship, and subsequently received the Prime Minister’s Australia Pacific and the DPA Pacific Scholar Awards. He is also a graduate of Victoria University of Wellington in Political Science and Pacific Studies. Prior coming to Australia, he was the Political Advisor at the US Embassy in Apia. He is from Samoa of Tuvaluan, i-Kiribati, Chinese and British descent, where he holds his village and family high chief title of Sala.

Dr Jenny Davis School of Sociology, The Australian National University Jenny L. Davis is a Lecturer in the School of Sociology at ANU. She received her PhD in sociology from Texas A&M University in 2013. Jenny is a technology theorist and structural social psychologist. She was recently awarded an ARC DECRA fellowship to research ethics within the Australian tech start-up industry, an ANU Futures award to study role-taking in a laboratory setting, and she is a core member of the Humanising Machine Intelligence project at ANU. She is co-editor of the Cyborgology blog, published in leading international sociology and communication journals, and the author of a forthcoming book with MIT Press about technological affordances. She engages in qualitative, theoretical, and experimental research into human behaviour.

AI, Politics and Security in the Asia Pacific 9 SESSION 6: AI, BIG DATA ANALYTICS, THE CITIZEN AND THE STATE

Bing Song Berggruen Institute Bing Song is Vice President of the Berggruen Institute and Director of the Institute’s Beijing based China Center. She oversees research programs, institutional development of the China Center as well as China-based fellowship programs. Currently research programs at the China Center include AI and society, and new theories and practices in global governance. Prior to joining the Berggruen Institute, Bing was a senior executive of Goldman Sachs’ China business. Prior to Goldman, Bing was a practicing lawyer, focusing on capital markets transactions. Earlier in her career, Bing undertook academic and policy research and published in the areas of administrative law, competition law and comparative procedural laws.

Katherine Mansted The Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard National Security College, ANU Katherine Mansted is a senior adviser at the ANU National Security College and a fellow at the Harvard Belfer Center for Science & International Affairs. Katherine’s research focus is the impact of emerging information technologies on democracy, national power and international relations. She has participated in US/China track 2 dialogues on issues including cyber warfare and artificial intelligence, and her publications cover cyber and information operations and network defence. She also co-hosts the National Security Podcast on PolicyForum.net. Previously, Katherine practiced law as a commercial solicitor, and served as a ministerial adviser to the federal government. She holds a Master of Public Policy from the Harvard Kennedy School, and a Bachelor of Laws with First Class Honors and a Bachelor of International Relations from Bond University.

10 Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs SESSION 6: AI, BIG DATA ANALYTICS, THE CITIZEN AND THE STATE

Honorary Professor Brendan Sargeant Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs, The Australian National University Brendan Sargeant is Honorary Professor in the Strategic and Defence Studies Centre at the Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Studies, The Australian National University. He is the Independent Chair of the Audit and Risk Committee of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. He is an independent Member of the Project Control Board for the Department of Human Services ICT and Business Transformation Program. He retired from the Department of Defence in October 2017. From September 2013 to October 2017, he was the Associate Secretary of Defence. Prior to that appointment he was the Deputy Secretary Strategy. As Associate Secretary, he was responsible for oversight of the implementation of the First Principles Review, a major reform of Defence organisation and enterprise governance, planning, performance and risk management. He was principal author of the 2013 Defence White Paper.

Dr Sarah Logan Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs, The Australian National University Sarah Logan is a lecturer in the Department of International Relations in the Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs, in the College of Asia and the Pacific at ANU. Prior to joining ANU she worked on the Data to Decisions Cooperative Research Centre, researching information sharing between national intelligence agencies and the use of open source information for national security purposes. Prior to joining academia she worked as an intelligence analyst for the Australian government. Sarah completed her doctorate at The Australian National University, where she compared counterextremism policies in the United States and the United Kingdom. This work will be published in a monograph by Oxford University Press in 2019. Sarah is currently researching the place of information in practices of statehood in International Relations.

AI, Politics and Security in the Asia Pacific 11 SESSION 7: THE CASE OF CAMBRIDGE ANALYTICA: REVELATIONS AND LESSONS LEARNED

Vesselin Popov Psychometics Centre, University of Cambridge Vesselin Popov is the Business Development Director for the University of Cambridge Psychometrics Centre, a multidisciplinary research institute specialising in online behaviour and psychological assessment. He coordinates the Centre’s applied research projects to create impact in business, education, health and society. Vess also coordinates Apply Magic Sauce, a suite of predictive algorithms based on over 6 million users’ psychological and social media data. These algorithms reveal the psychological significance of Big Data and provide individual feedback. Since 2011, the Centre’s research in the fields of digital footprint prediction and psychological microtargeting has been significant in raising awareness of privacy risks online. Vess combines this ethical mission with practical experience of putting research into practice and developing assessment and prediction software for clients in the private sector. Professor Toni Erskine Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs, The Australian National University Toni Erskine is Professor of International Politics and Director of the Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs at The Australian National University. She is also Editor of International Theory: A Journal of International Politics, Law and Philosophy, Associate Fellow of the Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence at the University of Cambridge, and a CI and ‘Discovery’ Lead on ANU’s Humanising Machine Intelligence Grand Challenge. She currently serves on the advisory group for the Google/United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) ‘AI for Social Good’ Research Network, administered by the Association of Pacific Rim Universities. In 2017-18 she contributed to the Google-funded research project ‘AI for Everyone’. Her research interests include the moral agency and responsibilities of formal organisations in international politics, the ethics of war, the responsibility to protect (‘R2P’), and the impact of AI on human conceptions of our responsibilities, particularly in the context of organised violence. Dr Paul Kenny Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs, The Australian National University Paul Kenny is a Fellow and Head of the Department of Political and Social Change at The Australian National University. His research focuses on some of the major challenges to contemporary democratic governance, including populism, identity politics, corruption, and the media. He is the author of two books, Populism and Patronage: Why Populists Win Elections in India, Asia, and Beyond (Oxford University Press, 2017), which received the American Political Science Association’s 2018 Robert A. Dahl Award, and Populism in Southeast Asia (Cambridge University Press, 2019). His research has also been published in The Journal of Politics, the British Journal of Political Science, and Political Research Quarterly among other outlets. One of his current projects utilises a radio propagation model to examine the effect of state control of the media on political behaviour in India from the 1960s until liberalisation of the sector in the 1990s.

12 Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs SESSION 8: AI IMPACTS: BUILDING EFFECTIVE NETWORKS IN THE ASIA PACIFIC

Bing Song Berggruen Institute China Center Bing Song is Vice President of the Berggruen Institute and Director of the Institute’s Beijing based China Center. She oversees research programs, institutional development of the China Center as well as China-based fellowship programs. Currently research programs at the China Center include AI and society, and new theories and practices in global governance. Prior to joining the Berggruen Institute, Bing was a senior executive of Goldman Sachs’ China business. Prior to Goldman, Bing was a practicing lawyer, focusing on capital markets transactions. Earlier in her career, Bing undertook academic and policy research and published in the areas of administrative law, competition law and comparative procedural laws.

Sakuntala Akmeemana Principal Sector Specialist Development Policy Division, DFAT Saku Akmeemana joined DFAT as Principal Specialist for Governance in 2017, and is responsible for shaping the Department’s approach to governance and political economy in its development program. She worked for over a decade at the World Bank on both South Asia and East Asia, where her work focused on the political dynamics of institutional change, the state-citizen interface, and upon grievance and the drivers of conflict. She convened the political economy community of practice in the Bank’s Governance Practice and then led governance work in the Bank’s thematic group on fragility, conflict and violence. Earlier in her career, Saku worked for several years for the United Nations in peacekeeping, political affairs, human rights and refugee response. During 2016-17, Saku worked on the early stages of the UN/World Bank Pathways for Peace report, which attempts to shift the approach of the international community from responding to violent conflict towards mitigating its occurrence, escalation, and recurrence.

AI, Politics and Security in the Asia Pacific 13 SESSION 8: AI IMPACTS: BUILDING EFFECTIVE NETWORKS IN THE ASIA PACIFIC

Ms Delia Pembrey Augmented Intelligence Centre of Excellence, Department of Human Services Delia Pembrey is part of the Australian Government Department of Human Services research and cognitive services team, which is establishing the Augmented Intelligence Centre of Excellence for Government and developing links with academia, industry, government, and the community to develop beneficial solutions together and ensure the ‘human’ is in the loop. The centre was launched in November 2018, by the Hon. Minister Michael Keenan to explore and address issues arising from the development and embedding of AI in the public sector. Delia’s specialities are critical systems thinking, technology, boundary dynamics and value judgements, and sociocybernetics. Delia is currently submitting her PhD thesis, “The Boundary Triage – A Critical Systemic Leadership tool for the Networked World”.

Dr Christina Parolin Australian Academy of the Humanities Christina Parolin (Tina) is Executive Director of the Australian Academy of the Humanities, one of the nation’s four Learned Academies. Prior to taking up this role, she worked in a variety of policy and administrative roles across the higher education sector, including at IDP Education Australia and as National Manager, Education at the Royal Australian Institute of Architects. Tina has previously been Chair of the Board of the Australian Council of Learned Academies Secretariat. She has a keen interest in the role that Australia’s Learned Academies can play as trusted, independent institutions to address our most pressing challenges, including the social and cultural impacts of new technologies, to ensure that AI developments are safe, accountable and inclusive.

14 Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs SESSION 8: AI IMPACTS: BUILDING EFFECTIVE NETWORKS IN THE ASIA PACIFIC

Professor Duncan Ivison University of Sydney Duncan Ivison is currently Deputy Vice Chancellor (Research) and Professor of Political Philosophy at the University of Sydney. Prior to this he was Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (2010-2015) and Head of the School of Philosophical and Historical Inquiry (2007-2009). Duncan has also held appointments at the University of Toronto, the University of York (UK) and was a Postdoctoral Fellow at the Research School of Social Sciences at ANU. He did his BA at McGill University in Montreal, where he grew up, and his MSc and PhD at the London School of Economics and Political Science. Professor Ivison is currently Chair of the University of Sydney Confucius Institute Board; Chair of the Go8 DVCR Committee and the NSW DVCR / PVC Committee and a member of the ARC Council.

Dr Yang Liu Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence, University of Cambridge Yang Liu is a Leverhulme Early Career Fellow in the Faculty of Philosophy and an Associate Fellow of the Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence (CFI) at the University of Cambridge. His research interests include Logic, Decision Theory, and Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Before moving to Cambridge, he received his doctorate in philosophy from Columbia University. At CFI, Dr Liu leads a project on “Decision & AI” which aims at bringing the expertise of decision sciences to bear on the challenges of the beneficial development of AI, he also co-directs a program which aims at engaging with the AI communities in China and fostering an East-West dialogue for global AI governance and collaboration.

AI, Politics and Security in the Asia Pacific 15 PARTICIPANT LIST

Ms Sakuntala Akmeemana Principal Sector Specialist, Development Policy Division, DFAT Dr Shahar Avin Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, Cambridge Professor Christian Barry School of Philosophy, Research School of Social Sciences, ANU Dr Alex Baturo Visiting Fellow, School of Political & International Relations, ANU Professor John Blaxland Head, Strategic & Defence Studies Centre, Bell School, ANU Dr Richard Brabin-Smith Honorary Professor, Strategic & Defence Studies Centre, Bell School, ANU George Carter Department of Pacific Affairs, Bell School, ANU Mr Wygene Chong Strategic Capabilities Policy, Strategic Policy Division, Dept of Defence Ms Fiona David Research Chair, Research and Innovation, Minderoo Foundation Dr Jenny Davis School of Sociology, ANU A/Prof Bina D’Costa Department of International Relations, Bell School, ANU E/Prof Paul Dibb Strategic & Defence Studies Centre, Bell School, ANU Professor Patrick Dumont School of Politics and International Relations, ANU Mr David Dutton Assistant Secretary, Regional Engagement Branch, Southeast Asia Division, DFAT Professor Toni Erskine Director, Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs, ANU Dr Nicholas Farrelly Associate Dean, College of Asia and the Pacific, ANU Ms Dianna Gaetjens Senior Advisor, Pacific Section, Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet Professor Evelyn Goh Shedden Professor of Strategic Policy Studies, Strategic & Defence Studies Centre, Bell School, ANU Mr Chris Holloway ADFHQ Futures and Assessments, Department of Defence Professor Valerie Hudson George H. W. Bush Chair and Director, Program on Women, Peace & Security, Bush School of Government & Public Service, Texas A&M University Professor Paul Hutchcroft Department of Political & Social Change, Bell School, ANU Professor Duncan Ivison Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Research), University of Sydney Dr Shashi Jayakumar Head, Centre of Excellence for National Security, S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Nanyang Technological University Dr Luke Kemp Research Associate (Foresight), Centre for the Study of Existential Risk (CSER), University of Cambridge Dr Paul Kenny Department of Political and Social Change, Bell School, ANU A/Prof Colin Klein School of Philosophy, Research School of Social Sciences, ANU A/Prof Seth Lazar Head, School of Philosophy, Research School of Social Sciences, ANU Dr Joanne Lee Policy Officer, Southeast Asia Policy & Analysis Section, Southeast Asia Division, DFAT Mr Chad Lee-Stronach PhD Candidate, School of Philosophy, Research School of Social Sciences, ANU Dr Yang Liu Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence, University of Cambridge Dr Sarah Logan Department of International Relations, Bell School, ANU Mr Jake Lucchi Head, Content and AI, Public Policy, Google Asia Pacific Mr Stephen Mann PhD Candidate, School of Philosophy, Research School of Social Sciences, ANU Ms Katherine Mansted Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard University; National Security College, ANU

16 Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs Ms Imogen Mathew Lecturer in Professional Military Education, Bell School, ANU Dr Meighen McCrae Strategic & Defence Studies Centre, Bell School, ANU Mr Daniel McNamara PhD Candidate, Research School of Computer Science, ANU Professor Rory Medcalf Head, National Security College, ANU Ms Rhiannon Neilsen Scientia PhD Candidate, UNSW Canberra Dr Drew Ninnis ADFHQ Futures and Assessments, Department of Defence Ms Jane O’Dwyer Vice-President, Engagement and Corporate Affairs, ANU Ms Umut Ozguk Research Officer, Bell School, ANU Dr Christina Parolin Executive Director, Australian Academy of the Humanities Ms Genevieve Paterson Policy Officer, Southeast Asia Policy & Analysis Section, Southeast Asia Division, DFAT Ms Delia Pembrey Augmented Intelligence Centre of Excellence, Department of Human Services Professor Philip Pettit Distinguished Professor of Philosophy, ANU Mr Vesselin Popov Business Development Director, The Psychometrics Centre, University of Cambridge Professor Huw Price Academic Director, Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence, University of Cambridge Dr Roslyn Prinsley Head, Strategic Research Initiatives, Office of the Deputy Vice-Chancellor, ANU Ms Sarita Rosenstock PhD Candidate, Department of Logic, Philosophy and Science, University of California, Irvine MAJGEN Mick Ryan Commander, Australian War College H/Prof Brendan Sargeant Strategic & Defence Studies Centre, Bell School, ANU Ms Olivia Shen Director of Domestic Counter-Terrorism Policy, Department of Home Affairs Ms Bing Song Director, Berggruen Institute China Center and Vice President, Berggruen Institute A/Prof. Nic Southwood School of Philosophy, Research School of Social Sciences, ANU Ms Alexandra Stevenson Director, Strategic Capabilities Policy, Strategic Policy Division, Dept of Defence Mr Jeremy Strasser School of Philosophy, Research School of Social Sciences, ANU Professor Sylvie Thiebaux Research School of Computer Science, ANU Dr Katrin Travouillon Department of Political and Social Change, Bell School, ANU Dr Jane Van Vliet Strategic Policy, Contestability and Futures Branch, DFAT SQNLDR Rob Vine ADFHQ Joint Concepts, Department of Defence Dr Karina Vold Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence, University of Cambridge Professor Toby Walsh Department of Computer Science and Engineering, UNSW Dr Alister Wedderburn Department of International Relations, Bell School, ANU Professor Michael Wesley Dean, College of Asia and the Pacific, ANU Professor Bob Williamson Research School of Computer Science, ANU Professor Geoff Wiseman Head, Asia-Pacific College of Diplomacy, Bell School, ANU Professor Lexing Xie Research School of Computer Science, ANU

AI, Politics and Security in the Asia Pacific 17 CONTACT US

Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs ANU College of Asia & the Pacific The Australian National University Hedley Bull Building, 130 Garran Road Acton ACT 2601, Canberra, Australia T +61 2 6125 2167 E [email protected] W bellschool.anu.edu.au @ANUBellSchool

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