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INFLUENCE OF EDUCATIONAL SUPPORT ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN IN PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN KALAMA SUB COUNTY, MACHAKOS COUNTY, KENYA STEPHEN MBAI MAINGI A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF EDUCATION IN THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES OF AFRICA NAZARENE UNIVERSITY APRIL 2019 ii DECLARATION I declare that this document and the research it describes are my original work and that they have not been presented in any other university for academic work Signed: _______________________ Date: ________________________ STEPHEN MBAI MAINGI 13S01DMED001 This research was conducted under our supervision and is submitted with our approval as University supervisors Signed _______________________ Date ________________________ Dr. LUCY KIRIMA, PhD Signed _______________________ Date ________________________ Dr. BONIFACE NJUGUNA MWANGI, PhD AFRICA NAZARENE UNIVERSITY NAIROBI, KENYA iii DEDICATION The thesis is dedicated to my wife Ruth, children Millicent, Richard, Titus, Bernard and Everlyn. May God bless them. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I express my gratitude to the almighty God for good health while undertaking the study. Sincere gratitude goes to my supervisors Dr. Lucy Kirima and Dr. Boniface Mwangi for their professional guidance. My appreciation is also extended to head teachers and teachers who participated and provided the researcher with valuable information they provided and cooperation. My sincere thanks would be extended to the family members for the support and encouragement while undertaking this study. Final thanks go to my college mates and Africa Nazarene University lecturers for the support in every possible way. May God bless you all. v TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION............................................................................................................... ii DEDICATION.................................................................................................................. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................... iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................................v OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS ............................................................. viii LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................ xii ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................... xiii CHAPTER ONE ................................................................................................................1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY .......................................1 1.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................1 1.2 Background of the Study ...............................................................................................1 1.4 Purpose of the Study ......................................................................................................7 1.5 Objectives of the Study. .................................................................................................7 1.6 Study Hypotheses...........................................................................................................7 1.7 Significance of the Study ...............................................................................................8 1.8 Scope of the Study .........................................................................................................9 1.9 Delimitation of the Study ...............................................................................................9 1.10 Limitations of the Study...............................................................................................9 1.11 Assumptions of the Study ..........................................................................................10 1.12 Theoretical Framework ..............................................................................................10 1.13 Conceptual Framework ..............................................................................................13 CHAPTER TWO .............................................................................................................15 LITERATURE REVIEW ...............................................................................................15 2.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................15 2.2 Teacher’s Individualized Support of OVC learning and Academic Performance .......15 2.3 School Provision of OVC Feeding Programme and Academic Performance .............20 2.4 Teachers’ and OVC Caregivers Cooperation and Academic Performance .................25 2.5 Summary of Literature and Knowledge Gap ...............................................................30 CHAPTER THREE .........................................................................................................31 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY .........................................................31 vi 3.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................31 3.2 Research Design...........................................................................................................31 3.3 Research Site ................................................................................................................31 3.4 Target Population .........................................................................................................32 3.5 Sampling Size and Sampling Techniques ....................................................................33 3.6 Data Collection Measures ............................................................................................33 3.6.1 Class Teachers’ Questionnaire ..................................................................................34 3.6.2 Head teacher’ Interview Schedule. ...........................................................................34 3.7 Piloting .........................................................................................................................35 3.8 Validity and Reliability of Data Collection Instruments .............................................35 3.8.1 Validity .....................................................................................................................35 3.8.2 Reliability ..................................................................................................................35 3.9 Data Processing and Analysis ......................................................................................36 3.10 Legal and Ethical Considerations ..............................................................................37 CHAPTER FOUR ............................................................................................................38 RESULTS AND ANALYSIS ..........................................................................................38 4.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................38 4.2 Response Rate ..............................................................................................................38 4.3 Demographic Information ............................................................................................38 4.3.1 Gender of Respondents .............................................................................................39 4.3.4 Training on Life Skills and HIV/AIDS .....................................................................42 4.3.5 Respondents Teaching Experience ...........................................................................43 4.4 Teachers’ individualized support of OVC learning and Academic Performance ........44 4.5 School Provision of OVC Lunch Programme and Academic Performance ................49 4.6 Teachers and Caregivers’ Cooperation and OVC Academic Performance .................54 4.8 Hypotheses Testing ......................................................................................................58 CHAPTER FIVE .............................................................................................................64 DISCUSSION, SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS .........64 5.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................64 5.2 Discussion ....................................................................................................................64 vii 5.2.1 Influence of Class Teacher’s Individualized Support of OVC Learning on Academic Performance ......................................................................................................64 5.2.2 Influence of the School Provision of food programme for OVC on Academic Performance .......................................................................................................................67 5.2.3 Influence of Teacher/Caregiver Cooperation on OVC Academic Performance ......71 5.3 Summary of the Study Findings ..................................................................................75 5.4 Conclusions ..................................................................................................................76