DOCSLIB.ORG

DUBLIN CITY UNIVERSITY School of Communications the IRISH

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
DUBLIN CITY UNIVERSITY School of Communications the IRISH DUBLIN CITY UNIVERSITY School of Communications THE IRISH PRESS AND POPULISM IN IRELAND Thesis submitted to Dublin City University m candidacy for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Catherine Curran December 1994 DECLARAIION I hereby certify that this material, which I now submit for assessment on the programme of study leading to the award of Doctor of Philosophy is entirely my own work and has not been taken from the work of others save and to the extent that such work has been cited and acknowledged within the text of my work Signed Signed Date Signed Date fd ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the following people, whose advice, support and encouragement were essential to the completion of this work My supervisors, Dr Paschal Preston, whose endless patience, time and energy were much appreciated, and Dr Luke Gibbons, who provided valuable source material m the initial stages of the research Professor Desmond Bell, University of Ulster, who stimulated my interest m political economy of the media and encouraged me to undertake further research in the area My fellow postgraduates and colleagues, Jean O'Halloran, Des McGumness, and Sharon Burke The School of Communications, Dublin City University, which provided me with the necessary research funding and all the facilities I required Tim Pat Coogan, Douglas Gageby, Dr Noel Browne and Michael Mills, who granted me interviews and Michael O'Toole and Sean Purcell at the Irish Press who provided many helpful suggestions The staff of the circulation departments of the Irish Press and the Irish Times, who supplied essential statistical data The staff of Dublin City University library, the National Library of Ireland, the National Manuscript library, and the British Newspaper Library, Oolmdale Finally, thanks to my family and especially to my sister Mary It goes without saying that the views put forward on the subject are those of the author unless otherwise specified, and m no way reflect the opinions of persons interviewed Likewise, any errors are the sole responsibility of the author Catherine Curran D C U , December 1994 I ABSTRACT This thesis draws on critical perspectives in media and development studies m order to explain the formation, evolution and decline of one of Ireland's national daily newspapers, the Irish Press From the mid-1970's onward, media and development studies was dominated by the conceptual framework provided by Dependency theory The crisis of dependency approaches m the mid-1980's led some writers towards a re-orientation of policy studies away from th< question of external structural influences and towards a new consideration of class conflicts and the inter-relations between the state, industry and the media In particular, the work of Latin American theorists Cardoso and Faletto was re interpreted within media studies to provide a model for concrete studies of specific socio- historical formations and their interaction with the institutions of the mass media m late industrialising countries This thesis proposes a critical reading of the model of Cardoso and Faletto with reference to "national- popular" phases of development and shows how some of the insights can be used to explain the rise and fall of the Irish Press in Ireland Hence, it possible to draw an analogy between populism m Latin America and the case of Ireland m the 1930's The empirical section of the thesis seeks to demonstrate, at one end the political circumstances underlying the foundation of the Irish Press in 1931 and, at another, the construction of a populist discourse of development m the Irish Pi ess It shows how this discourse sought to incorporate sections of the industrial bourgeoisie, the working class and marginalised rural groups within the Fianna Fail project of * tate-assisted industrialisation Finally, the thesis consideis how the multiple contradictions of this populist projet t shaped and influenced the development of the Irish Press from the 1930's to the present In conclusion, the thesis seeks to show that the democratic expectation of the populist era and the radical challenge of the Irish Press were undermined not simply by economic dependency but by the tensions inherent within the populist project II TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements I Abstract II List of Figures VII List of Tables VIII List of Abbreviations VIII Introduction 1 PART ONE THE THEORY OF POPULISM 37 1 Populism and Underdevelopment 38 1 1 Populism as Agrarian Radicalism 39 111 Romantic Primitivism 40 1 1 2 The Critique of Monopoly Capital 42 113 Populism and Democracy 45 1 1 4 Populism and tht State 48 1 2 Populism and Late Industrialisation 55 1 2 1 The Premature Emergence of Mass Society 55 1 2 2 Populism and Political Mobilisation 58 1 3 Populism and Hegemonic Strategies 64 13 1 Populism and Voter Manipulation 64 13 2 Popular-Democratic Interpellations 66 1 3 3 Populism and Charismatic leaders 69 1 4 Populism and National D< velopment 70 1 4 1 Populism and Political Conflict 71 1 4 2 The Politics of 3 SI 72 2 Populism m Ireland 78 2 1 Political Divisions m Independent Ireland 79 2 11 Asynchronic Devtlopment 80 2 1 2 Political Mobil sation 81 2 1 3 Fianna Fail and Political Mobilisation 82 2 14 Alternatives Hypotheses 85 2 2 Modernisation and Par - lamentary Democracy 89 2 2 1 The Legacy of British Democracy 90 2 2 2 Fianna Fail and Modernisation 92 2 3 Problems of Modernisa ion 95 2 3 1 The Latin Amer can Paradigm 96 2 3 2 Dependency and Political Divisions 97 2 3 3 Cumann na nGaedheal 99 2 3 4 Fianna Fail 102 PART TWO THE IRISH PRESS AND RADICAL POPULISM 111 3 The Origins of the Irish Press 113 3 1 The Press in Ireland 1900-1930 115 3 1 1 The Commercial Press 115 3 1 2 The Republican Press 118 3 1 3 The Nation 127 3 1 4 The British Press 129 3 2 Financing the Irish Press 134 3 2 1 The Republican Bonds 135 3 2 2 The Appeal to Business 138 3 2 3 The Appeal to the People 140 3 2 4 Fianna Fail Support 142 3 2 5 The Irish Press As a Business 143 3 3 Ownership and Control 147 3 3 1 The People's Representative 148 3 3 2 The Board of Directors 149 3 3 3 The Powers of the Controlling Director 150 3 4 The Ethos of the Irish Press 152 3 4 1 The Influence of Radical Republicanism 153 3 4 2 The Aims and Objectives 155 3 4 3 The Style of tht Irish Press 156 4 The Irish Press and the World Crisis 1931-32 160 4 1 The Campaign against Imperialism 161 4 1 1 Criticism of the League of Nations 162 4 1 2 Support for Indian Independence 164 4 1 3 The Crisis of International Trade 167 4 1 4 The Collapse of International Finance 171 4 2 The Response to the Economic Crisis 176 4 2 1 The Campaign Against Transport Monopolies 176 4 2 2 NAIDA and Irish Industry 184 4 2 3 The Campaign Against Dumping 186 4 3 The Needs of the People 194 4 3 1 The Crisis of Industrial Society 195 4 3 2 Combatting the Lvil of the Slums 197 4 3 3 The Appeal to Women Readers 199 4 3 4 Monopoly Capitalism and Communism 203 4 4 The Response to the Irish Press 208 4 4 1 The Press Reaction ' 209 4 4 2 The Commercial Reaction 211 4 4 3 The Political Reaction 215 4 4 4 The Prosecution of the Irish Press 217 IV 1 V ^ ; 5 The Irish Press and Radic«1 Populism 222 5 1 The Triumph over Cumann na nGaedheal 222 5 1 1 The General Elect ion Campaign Jan 1932 223 5 1 2 The Irish Independent and the Communist Threat 225 5 1 3 The Response of the Irish Press 229 5 2 De Valera and the Land Annuities 230 5 2 1 The Thomas Duties 231 5 2 2 The Lausanne Coni erence 235 5 2 3 Rallying Support for de Valera 236 5 2 4 The Ottawa Confei ence 241 5 3 The Irish Press and Prot ectiomsm 249 5 3 1 The Irish Press and Industry 249 5 3 2 The Irish Press and Ruralisation 252 5 4 The Irish Press and State Distributivism 257 5 4 1 The Problem of Unemployment 257 5 4 2 The Needs of tho Poor 258 5 4 3 The Campaign against Profiteering 259 5 4 4 The Solution to the Housing Problem 262 PART THREE THE IRISH PRESS AND CONSERVATIVE POPUJISM 266 6 The Irish Press and Consei vative Populism 268 6 1 The Decline of Radicali'm m the Irish Press 268 6 1 1 The Commercial Inperative 270 6 1 2 The Resignation of Frank Gallagher 275 6 1 3 The New Irish Press 280 6 2 The Links With Irish Industry 287 6 2 1 Advertising New Irish Industry 288 6 2 2 The IP Ltd and Irish Business 289 6 2 3 New Irish Factories 290 6 3 The Press and the State 296 6 3 1 State and Industiy the Conflict 297 6 3 2 The New Phase of Industrialisation 305 6 3 3 The Anglo-Irish Trade Pacts 307 6 3 4 The FIM response 310 V 7 The Identity Crisis of tie Irish Press 318 7 1 The General Election Campaign, Jan 1948 320 7 1 1 The Threat of Clann na Poblachta 321 7 1 2 The Irish Press and the Communist Threat 325 7 2 The Conservative Turn 327 , 7 2 1 Economic Orthodoxy 328 7 2 2 The Retreat to Economic Nationalism 330 7 2 3 Fianna Fail in Crisis 332 7 3 The Issue of Foreign Capital 338 7 3 1 The IP and Foreign Investment 339 7 3 2 The IP and Tariff Reform 340 7 3 3 Divisions Within Fianna Fail 341 7 4 The Press And The End ol Populism 346 7 4 1 The Sunday Press and the Evening Press 347 7 4 2 The Irish Press and Fianna Fail 349 7 4 3 De Valera's Control Challenged 350 7 4 4 The Fianna Fail Response 351 7 4 5 The American Corporation 352 8 The Irish Press After de Valera 357 8 1 Political Modernisation and the Media 359 8 1 1 The Irish Press and Fianna Fail 360 8 1 2 The Modernisation of the Irish Press 362 8 1 3 News Reporting , 363 8 2 The Changing Newspaper Market 365 8 2 1 The View of Advertisers 367 8 2 2 The Press Response 369 8 3 The Crisis of the Irish Press 370 8 3 1 The Conflict Over Modernisation 371 8 3 2 The Effects on
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Aguisíní Appendices Aguisín 1: Comóradh Céad Bliain Ollscoil Na Héireann Appendix 1: Centenary of the National University of Ireland
    Aguisíní Appendices Aguisín 1: Comóradh Céad Bliain Ollscoil na hÉireann Appendix 1: Centenary of the National University of Ireland Píosa reachtaíochta stairiúil ab ea Acht Ollscoileanna na hÉireann, 1908, a chuir deireadh go foirmeálta le tréimhse shuaite in oideachas tríú leibhéal na hEireann agus a d’oscail caibidil nua agus nuálaíoch: a bhunaigh dhá ollscoil ar leith – ceann amháin díobh i mBéal Feirste, in ionad sean-Choláiste na Ríona den Ollscoil Ríoga, agus an ceann eile lárnaithe i mBaile Átha Cliath, ollscoil fheidearálach ina raibh coláistí na hOllscoile Ríoga de Bhaile Átha Cliath, Corcaigh agus Gaillimh, athchumtha mar Chomh-Choláistí d’Ollscoil nua na hÉirean,. Sa bhliain 2008, rinne OÉ ceiliúradh ar chéad bliain ar an saol. Is iomaí athrú suntasach a a tharla thar na mblianta, go háiriithe nuair a ritheadh Acht na nOllscoileanna i 1997, a rinneadh na Comh-Choláistí i mBaile Átha Cliath, Corcaigh agus Gaillimh a athbhunú mar Chomh-Ollscoileanna, agus a rinneadh an Coláiste Aitheanta (Coláiste Phádraig, Má Nuad) a athstruchtúrú mar Ollscoil na hÉireann, Má Nuad – Comh-Ollscoil nua. Cuireadh tús le comóradh an chéid ar an 3 Nollaig 2007 agus chríochnaigh an ceiliúradh le mórchomhdháil agus bronnadh céime speisialta ar an 3 Nollaig 2008. Comóradh céad bliain ón gcéad chruinniú de Sheanad OÉ ar an lá céanna a nochtaíodh protráid den Seansailéirm, an Dr. Garret FitzGerald. Tá liosta de na hócáidí ar fad thíos. The Irish Universities Act 1908 was a historic piece of legislation, formally closing a turbulent chapter in Irish third level education and opening a new and innovational chapter: establishing two separate universities, one in Belfast, replacing the old Queen’s College of the Royal University, the other with its seat in Dublin, a federal university comprising the Royal University colleges of Dublin, Cork and Galway, re-structured as Constituent Colleges of the new National University of Ireland.
    [Show full text]
  • Charles Trevelyan, John Mitchel and the Historiography of the Great Famine Charles Trevelyan, John Mitchel Et L’Historiographie De La Grande Famine
    Revue Française de Civilisation Britannique French Journal of British Studies XIX-2 | 2014 La grande famine en irlande, 1845-1851 Charles Trevelyan, John Mitchel and the historiography of the Great Famine Charles Trevelyan, John Mitchel et l’historiographie de la Grande Famine Christophe Gillissen Electronic version URL: https://journals.openedition.org/rfcb/281 DOI: 10.4000/rfcb.281 ISSN: 2429-4373 Publisher CRECIB - Centre de recherche et d'études en civilisation britannique Printed version Date of publication: 1 September 2014 Number of pages: 195-212 ISSN: 0248-9015 Electronic reference Christophe Gillissen, “Charles Trevelyan, John Mitchel and the historiography of the Great Famine”, Revue Française de Civilisation Britannique [Online], XIX-2 | 2014, Online since 01 May 2015, connection on 21 September 2021. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/rfcb/281 ; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/ rfcb.281 Revue française de civilisation britannique est mis à disposition selon les termes de la licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International. Charles Trevelyan, John Mitchel and the historiography of the Great Famine Christophe GILLISSEN Université de Caen – Basse Normandie The Great Irish Famine produced a staggering amount of paperwork: innumerable letters, reports, articles, tables of statistics and books were written to cover the catastrophe. Yet two distinct voices emerge from the hubbub: those of Charles Trevelyan, a British civil servant who supervised relief operations during the Famine, and John Mitchel, an Irish nationalist who blamed London for the many Famine-related deaths.1 They may be considered as representative to some extent, albeit in an extreme form, of two dominant trends within its historiography as far as London’s role during the Famine is concerned.
    [Show full text]
  • Michael Collins: Patriot Hero Or 41 Counterrevolutionary? Kieran Allen
    Michael Collins: patriot hero or 41 counterrevolutionary? Kieran Allen ichael Collins is a Fine Gael hero. Each year its auxiliary forces in Ireland. One of the most famous young Fine Gael members from across the episodes of the Irish War of Independence was the country travel to Béal na Bláth in County Cork elimination of The Cairo Gang. This was an elite unit where Collins was killed by republican forces who were formed by British military intelligence with Mon August 22 1922 during the Civil War. The annual the aim of assassinating republican leaders. They commemoration for Collins features Fine Gael luminaries arrived in Ireland in September 1920 and within weeks or those who share their outlook. In 2018, for example, shot dead a republican activist from Limerick, John the current Minister for Agriculture, Michael Creed, Lynch, as he lay in his bed. They also came close to got carried away with himself and referred to the site of killing Dan Breen and Sean Tracy, the instigators of the Collins’ execution as a ‘Gaelic Calvary’.1 Having recovered Soloheadbeg attack that set off the War of Independence. from this emotional spasm, he went on, like most of his Michael Collins had established his own squad of armed Fine Gael predecessors, to make a banal speech about operatives within the republican forces and gave the current Irish political life, laced with odd quotes from orders for the execution of the Cairo Gang. One of his Collins himself. Fine Gael’s cult of Collins also includes biographers, James MacKay takes up the story.
    [Show full text]
  • Irish Responses to Fascist Italy, 1919–1932 by Mark Phelan
    Provided by the author(s) and NUI Galway in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite the published version when available. Title Irish responses to Fascist Italy, 1919-1932 Author(s) Phelan, Mark Publication Date 2013-01-07 Item record http://hdl.handle.net/10379/3401 Downloaded 2021-09-27T09:47:44Z Some rights reserved. For more information, please see the item record link above. Irish responses to Fascist Italy, 1919–1932 by Mark Phelan A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Supervisor: Prof. Gearóid Ó Tuathaigh Department of History School of Humanities National University of Ireland, Galway December 2012 ABSTRACT This project assesses the impact of the first fascist power, its ethos and propaganda, on key constituencies of opinion in the Irish Free State. Accordingly, it explores the attitudes, views and concerns expressed by members of religious organisations; prominent journalists and academics; government officials/supporters and other members of the political class in Ireland, including republican and labour activists. By contextualising the Irish response to Fascist Italy within the wider patterns of cultural, political and ecclesiastical life in the Free State, the project provides original insights into the configuration of ideology and social forces in post-independence Ireland. Structurally, the thesis begins with a two-chapter account of conflicting confessional responses to Italian Fascism, followed by an analysis of diplomatic intercourse between Ireland and Italy. Next, the thesis examines some controversial policies pursued by Cumann na nGaedheal, and assesses their links to similar Fascist initiatives. The penultimate chapter focuses upon the remarkably ambiguous attitude to Mussolini’s Italy demonstrated by early Fianna Fáil, whilst the final section recounts the intensely hostile response of the Irish labour movement, both to the Italian regime, and indeed to Mussolini’s Irish apologists.
    [Show full text]
  • Secret Societies and the Easter Rising
    Dominican Scholar Senior Theses Student Scholarship 5-2016 The Power of a Secret: Secret Societies and the Easter Rising Sierra M. Harlan Dominican University of California https://doi.org/10.33015/dominican.edu/2016.HIST.ST.01 Survey: Let us know how this paper benefits you. Recommended Citation Harlan, Sierra M., "The Power of a Secret: Secret Societies and the Easter Rising" (2016). Senior Theses. 49. https://doi.org/10.33015/dominican.edu/2016.HIST.ST.01 This Senior Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at Dominican Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Theses by an authorized administrator of Dominican Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE POWER OF A SECRET: SECRET SOCIETIES AND THE EASTER RISING A senior thesis submitted to the History Faculty of Dominican University of California in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Arts in History by Sierra Harlan San Rafael, California May 2016 Harlan ii © 2016 Sierra Harlan All Rights Reserved. Harlan iii Acknowledgments This paper would not have been possible without the amazing support and at times prodding of my family and friends. I specifically would like to thank my father, without him it would not have been possible for me to attend this school or accomplish this paper. He is an amazing man and an entire page could be written about the ways he has helped me, not only this year but my entire life. As a historian I am indebted to a number of librarians and researchers, first and foremost is Michael Pujals, who helped me expedite many problems and was consistently reachable to answer my questions.
    [Show full text]
  • The Historical Development of Irish Euroscepticism to 2001
    The Historical Development of Irish Euroscepticism to 2001 Troy James Piechnick Thesis submitted as part of the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) program at Flinders University on the 1st of September 2016 Social and Behavioural Sciences School of History and International Relations Flinders University 2016 Supervisors Professor Peter Monteath (PhD) Dr Evan Smith (PhD) Associate Professor Matt Fitzpatrick (PhD) Contents GLOSSARY III ABSTRACT IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS V CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 DEFINITIONS 2 PARAMETERS 13 LITERATURE REVIEW 14 MORE RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 20 THESIS AND METHODOLOGY 24 STRUCTURE 28 CHAPTER 2 EARLY ANTECEDENTS OF IRISH EUROSCEPTICISM: 1886–1949 30 IRISH REPUBLICANISM, 1780–1886 34 FIRST HOME RULE BILL (1886) AND SECOND HOME RULE BILL (1893) 36 THE BOER WAR, 1899–1902 39 SINN FÉIN 40 WORLD WAR I AND EASTER RISING 42 IRISH DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE 46 IRISH WAR OF INDEPENDENCE 1919 AND CIVIL WAR 1921 47 BALFOUR DECLARATION OF 1926 AND THE STATUTE OF WESTMINSTER IN 1931 52 EAMON DE VALERA AND WORLD WAR II 54 REPUBLIC OF IRELAND ACT 1948 AND OTHER IMPLICATIONS 61 CONCLUSION 62 CHAPTER 3 THE TREATY OF ROME AND FAILED APPLICATIONS FOR MEMBERSHIP IN 1961 AND 1967 64 THE TREATY OF ROME 67 IRELAND IN THE 1950S 67 DEVELOPING IRISH EUROSCEPTICISM IN THE 1950S 68 FAILED APPLICATIONS FOR MEMBERSHIP IN 1961 AND 1967 71 IDEOLOGICAL MAKINGS: FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS OF A EUROSCEPTIC NATURE (1960S) 75 Communist forms of Irish euroscepticism 75 Irish eurosceptics and republicanism 78 Irish euroscepticism accommodating democratic socialism 85
    [Show full text]
  • National Library of Ireland
    ABOUT TOWN (DUNGANNON) AISÉIRGHE (DUBLIN) No. 1, May - Dec. 1986 Feb. 1950- April 1951 Jan. - June; Aug - Dec. 1987 Continued as Jan.. - Sept; Nov. - Dec. 1988 AISÉIRÍ (DUBLIN) Jan. - Aug; Oct. 1989 May 1951 - Dec. 1971 Jan, Apr. 1990 April 1972 - April 1975 All Hardcopy All Hardcopy Misc. Newspapers 1982 - 1991 A - B IL B 94109 ADVERTISER (WATERFORD) AISÉIRÍ (DUBLIN) Mar. 11 - Sept. 16, 1848 - Microfilm See AISÉIRGHE (DUBLIN) ADVERTISER & WATERFORD MARKET NOTE ALLNUTT'S IRISH LAND SCHEDULE (WATERFORD) (DUBLIN) March 4 - April 15, 1843 - Microfilm No. 9 Jan. 1, 1851 Bound with NATIONAL ADVERTISER Hardcopy ADVERTISER FOR THE COUNTIES OF LOUTH, MEATH, DUBLIN, MONAGHAN, CAVAN (DROGHEDA) AMÁRACH (DUBLIN) Mar. 1896 - 1908 1956 – 1961; - Microfilm Continued as 1962 – 1966 Hardcopy O.S.S. DROGHEDA ADVERTISER (DROGHEDA) 1967 - May 13, 1977 - Microfilm 1909 - 1926 - Microfilm Sept. 1980 – 1981 - Microfilm Aug. 1927 – 1928 Hardcopy O.S.S. 1982 Hardcopy O.S.S. 1929 - Microfilm 1983 - Microfilm Incorporated with DROGHEDA ARGUS (21 Dec 1929) which See. - Microfilm ANDERSONSTOWN NEWS (ANDERSONSTOWN) Nov. 22, 1972 – 1993 Hardcopy O.S.S. ADVOCATE (DUBLIN) 1994 – to date - Microfilm April 14, 1940 - March 22, 1970 (Misc. Issues) Hardcopy O.S.S. ANGLO CELT (CAVAN) Feb. 6, 1846 - April 29, 1858 ADVOCATE (NEW YORK) Dec. 10, 1864 - Nov. 8, 1873 Sept. 23, 1939 - Dec. 25th, 1954 Jan. 10, 1885 - Dec. 25, 1886 Aug. 17, 1957 - Jan. 11, 1958 Jan. 7, 1887 - to date Hardcopy O.S.S. (Number 5) All Microfilm ADVOCATE OR INDUSTRIAL JOURNAL ANOIS (DUBLIN) (DUBLIN) Sept. 2, 1984 - June 22, 1996 - Microfilm Oct. 28, 1848 - Jan 1860 - Microfilm ANTI-IMPERIALIST (DUBLIN) AEGIS (CASTLEBAR) Samhain 1926 June 23, 1841 - Nov.
    [Show full text]
  • Publications
    Publications National Newspapers Evening Echo Irish Examiner Sunday Business Post Evening Herald Irish Field Sunday Independent Farmers Journal Irish Independent Sunday World Irish Daily Star Irish Times Regional Newspapers Anglo Celt Galway City Tribune Nenagh Guardian Athlone Topic Gorey Echo New Ross Echo Ballyfermot Echo Gorey Guardian New Ross Standard Bray People Inish Times Offaly Express Carlow Nationalist Inishowen Independent Offaly Independent Carlow People Kerryman Offaly Topic Clare Champion Kerry’s Eye Roscommon Herald Clondalkin Echo Kildare Nationalist Sligo Champion Connacht Tribune Kildare Post Sligo Weekender Connaught Telegraph Kilkenny People South Tipp Today Corkman Laois Nationalist Southern Star Donegal Democrat Leinster Express Tallaght Echo Donegal News Leinster Leader The Argus Donegal on Sunday Leitrim Observer The Avondhu Donegal People’s Press Letterkenny Post The Carrigdhoun Donegal Post Liffey Champion The Nationalist Drogheda Independent Limerick Chronnicle Tipperary Star Dublin Gazette - City Limerick Leader Tuam Herald Dublin Gazette - North Longford Leader Tullamore Tribune Dublin Gazette - South Lucan Echo Waterford News & Star Dublin Gazette - West Lucan Echo Western People Dundalk Democrat Marine Times Westmeath Examiner Dungarvan Leader Mayo News Westmeath Independent Dungarvan Observer Meath Chronnicle Westmeath Topic Enniscorthy Echo Meath Topic Wexford Echo Enniscorthy Guardian Midland Tribune Wexford People Fingal Independent Munster Express Wicklow People Finn Valley Post Munster Express Magazines
    [Show full text]
  • Irish I/- Democrat
    THREE BODY BLOWS IRISH I/- HIT THE DEMOCRAT JULY 1969 UNIONISTS Foreign landlords burnt Irish question now international out of Westmeath farms N.I.L.P. SACKS RIGHTIST LEADERS IRISH LAND FOR IRISH PEOPLE! • S their internal support and international repute crumbled under three devastating 'pHREE large houses occupied by knocked down the gates, and the Germans in Meath and Louth placards they carry urging people ^^Th blowe FIRSs inT onBLOe Wmont wahs ththee Belfasattackt bUnionisty the influentias were lreduce Inter-d tomos weat damagink bumbling blogw protestsof all, .wa s struck by the Northern Ireland La- were set alight by the I.R.A. in early not to pay charges are being widely national Commission of Jurists which described the gerrymander- June as part of a campaign by Re- obeyed by the summer throngs each bour Party at its annual confer- publicans against incursions by Sunday. ing, discrimination in the six counties as shocking. ence. foreign landowners in Ireland. The statement went on to say A resolution was passed which Two of the properties belonged to that the six counties has become pledged the Labour Party to devot< large estates the local farmers have itself to the struggle for democracy a byword like South Africa for back- wanted divided for a long time. The WE ARE WITHIN SIGHT OF in the six counties as an integral Westmeath Lanifc^League hasybeen wardness and oppression. part of the civil rights movement. gitating that the^atoalfl be taken by the Land Cpmartasion. The SECOND BLOW was the As a result of the debate> on this although they had no connection OUR FIRST OBJECTIVE statement by Senator Edward Ken- issue the old pro-Unionist leaders with the burnings nedy in a message to the Belfast lost the* positions.
    [Show full text]
  • Download the Schools Pack
    The 1916 Rising and County Wexford Introduction The 1916 Rising and County Wexford pack is an introduction to County Wexford’s contribution to the uprising of that year. It offers information on many aspects: causes and context, a timeline of events, the aftermath, profiles of some local leaders, the role of women, and arts and literature inspired by the Rising, among others. Extracts from original documents of the period - letters, newspaper accounts, and witness statements are included. The selection provides a flavour of life in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in Ireland and in County Wexford. It is intended to encourage and enable students to embark on further study. The pack includes references for all sources quoted and offers guidance to sources and resources for further research. The 1916 Rising and County Wexford pack cannot and does not attempt to tell the story of the Rising in its entirety. Rather, it introduces the reader to the wealth of information available in primary sources - an essential starting point for all reliable research- and in books, websites and other e-sources. The pack focuses in particular on local supports - the materials in the Wexford Studies Collections located on the top floor of the County Library in Mallin St., Wexford town, and in the Wexford County Archive collections in Ardcavan, Wexford. While every effort is made here to offer as current a resource as possible, you are directed also to the Council’s website for the 2016 Commemorations, www.enniscorthy1916.ie which will be updated beyond the print date of this publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Tuarascáil Ar Stráitéis Úr Maidir Le Foras Na Gaeilge I Leith Earnáil Na Meán Gaeilge Clóite Agus Ar Líne
    Tuarascáil ar straitéis úr maidir le Foras na Gaeilge i leith earnáil na meán Gaeilge clóite agus ar líne Athláithriú agus athshealbhú teanga Dr Regina Uí Chollatáin Scoil na Gaeilge, an Léinn Cheiltigh, Bhéaloideas Éireann agus na Teangeolaíochta An Coláiste Ollscoile, Baile Átha Cliath [email protected] Cúntóirí Taighde Aoife Uí Fhaoláin MA Dr. Ruth Lysaght 13 Iúil 2011 1 Clár na tuarascála Lch. Cuid a hAon: Aidhm, Réasúnaíocht, Modheolaíocht, 3 Aidhm 4 Réasúnaíocht 6 Modheolaíocht 42 Cuid a Dó: Taighde Gníomhach 48 Liosta teagmhálaithe 50 Cad atá ar fáil? 51 Anailís ar thaighde cineálach agus cainníochtúil 104 Cuid a Trí: Moltaí agus Straitéis 129 3.1 Moltaí ar a bhfuil á maoiniú cheana faoi na critéir a d'úsáideadh don tuarascáil 131 3.2 Moltaí straitéiseacha le tógáil ar a bhfuil ar fáil cheana 153 3.3 Suimiú agus míniú gearr ar na moltaí 181 3.4. Conclúid 191 Cuid a Ceathair: Buíochas, Aguisíní, Foinsí 193 Buíochas 194 Aguisíní 197 Foinsí 242 2 Cuid a hAon Aidhm, Réasúnaíocht, Modheolaíocht 3 Aidhm Is í bunaidhm na tuarascála seo ná moltaí a chur i láthair i dtaobh straitéis úr maidir le ról Fhoras na Gaeilge i leith earnáil na meán Gaeilge clóite agus ar líne. Tá dhá ghné ag baint le cur i bhfeidhm aidhm na tuarascála, mar atá, soiléiriú ar ról an Fhorais i gcomhthéacs na meán clóite agus ar líne, agus ráiteas misin na straitéise úire. 1.Ról Fhoras na Gaeilge i gcomhthéacs na hearnála seo Is iad priomhghnéithe ról Fhoras na Gaeilge i gcomhthéacs na hearnála seo mar bhord stáit a bhfuil cur chun cinn na Gaeilge ar an oileán seo mar phríomhchúrám aige ná: Misean Forbairt agus freastal a dhéanamh ar chur chun cinn na Gaeilge san Earnáil Phobail agus san Earnáil Ghnó Phríobháideach.
    [Show full text]
  • Sit Down and Be Counted/Doolan, Dowling, Quinn 2
    Free Sample In the mid-1880s, the youthful, red-bearded George Bernard Shaw and his friend, William Archer, decided to collaborate on a play.... ... Six weeks later, Shaw startled Archer by saying: *Look here, I've knocked off the first act of that play of ours and haven't come to the plot yet. In fact, I've forgotten the plot. You might tell me the story again.'... ... Three days later, Shaw again visited Archer. T've written three pages of the second act and have used up all your plot,' Shaw said in a matter-of-fact manner.'Can you let me have some more to go on with?' --MYRICKLAND In the beginning was the Act. --GOETHE Sit Down And Be Counted/Doolan, Dowling, Quinn 2 Irish television went on the air for the first time on the last, cold, night of December 1961. At Donnybrook, the celebrities picked their way through pools of mud to reach the half-completed studio building. In O'Connell Street, outside-broadcast cameras panned across the crowds near the Gresham Hotel. Inside the hotel, 'a tremendous party'1 was in progress under the observing eyes of another pair of cameras. The festivities in O'Connell Street were 'live' and punctuated an evening's transmission of otherwise largely recorded material. The station opened with the Anthem at seven o'clock. The traditional national proprieties were observed. President Éamon De Valera inaugurated the service. The Taoiseach, Sean Lemass, and the Minister, Michael Hilliard, 'also spoke'. The Archbishop of Dublin, Most Rev. Dr McQuaid, gave Benediction.
    [Show full text]