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Imam Khomeini, Ethics and Politics

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Imam Khomeini, Ethics and Politics In the Name of Allah, the Compassionate, the Merciful BIOGRAPHY AND STRUGGLES OF AYATULLAH SAYYID MUSTAFA KHOMEINI Translator Jafar Razi Khan The Institute for Compilation and Publication of Imam Khomeini’s Works Biography and Struggles of Ayatullah Sayyid Mustafa Khomeini Publisher: The Institute for Compilation and Publication of Imam Khomeini’s Works Author: Sajjad Raei Galougeh Translator: Jafar Razi Khan Technical Editors: Seyed Vahid Abtahi & Majid Karimi First Printing: 2010 Copies: 1500 Price: Rls. Address: No. 5 Sudeh Alley, Yaser Street, Bahonar Avenue, Jamaran, P.C. 19778, P.O. Box 19575/614, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Tel: (009821) 22283138, 22290191-5 Fax: (009821) 22290478 Website: http://www.imam-khomeini.org کتاب زندگینامه و مبارزات آیت اهلل سید مصطفی خمینی Table of Contents Introduction .................................................................................................... v PART ONE: Personal, Social, and Scientific Life ...................................... 1 Chapter One: Personal and Social Life ....................................................... 3 First discourse: Imam Khomeini’s (s) family ................................................. 3 Second discourse: Sayyid Mustafa, from birth to puberty .............................. 8 Third discourse: marriage and children .......................................................... 9 Fourth discourse: moral and personal salient features .................................. 10 a) Being a noble born .................................................................................... 10 b) Simple life and humility ........................................................................... 11 Fifth discourse: devotional, mystical, and religious salient features ............ 12 Sixth discourse: to take part in the friendly gatherings and meetings ........... 15 Seventh discourse: Sayyid Mustafa and Imam Khomeini (s) ....................... 17 Chapter Two: Scientific Life ...................................................................... 21 First discourse: education ............................................................................. 21 Second discourse: teaching ........................................................................... 27 Third discourse: writings .............................................................................. 32 PART TWO: Political Life ......................................................................... 39 Chapter One: From the Onset of the Movement to the Imam Khomeini’s Exile to Turkey ............................................................................................ 41 First discourse: first political activities ......................................................... 41 Second discourse: Sayyid Mustafa Khomeini and the 15th Khordad (1342 AHS) uprising ............................................................................................... 47 Third discourse: the Imam’s imprisonment’s change into restriction and continuation of the activities of Sayyid Mustafa .......................................... 54 Fourth discourse: the story of the Capitulation Bill and Imam Khomeini’s (s) exile ............................................................................................................... 56 Chapter Two : From the Imam Khomeini’s Exile to Turkey to the Exile to Iraq ........................................................................................................... 59 First discourse: the Imam Khomeini’s Exile to Turkey and the apprehension of Sayyid Mustafa ......................................................................................... 59 Second discourse: release from the prison and exile to Turkey .................... 66 Third Discourse: activities and measures of Sayyid Mustafa in Turkey ....... 70 Fourth discourse: exile to Iraq ...................................................................... 75 A) Severance of relation with people ............................................................ 77 B) The social and cultural situations of Iraq ................................................. 77 C) The Iraqi people’s inattention .................................................................. 77 D) Lack of an open sociopolitical atmosphere .............................................. 78 E) Conditions and situation of the Najaf Theological Center ....................... 78 F) Authority of the Sunnis and weakness of the Shiahs................................ 79 G) Scientific position of the Najaf Theological Center ................................ 79 Chapter Three: Najaf, the New Center of the Islamic Movement.......... 81 First discourse: residence in the Holy Najaf ................................................. 81 Second discourse: Sayyid Mustafa, the connecting and unifying element of the strugglers ................................................................................................. 84 Third discourse: Hajj, the center for exchange of news and information of the Islamic movement ......................................................................................... 97 Fourth discourse: diverse journeys to Muslim countries ............................ 103 Fifth discourse: Sayyid Mustafa and the Iraqi government ........................ 109 PART THREE: The Mysterious Departure and Its Aftermaths .......... 115 Chapter One: The Open Political Atmosphere and its Consequences . 117 First discourse: the ties between Iran and the US and the human rights policy of Carter ...................................................................................................... 117 Second discourse: dismissal of Huwayda and appointment of Jamshid Amuzegar as the prime minister ................................................................. 120 Third discourse: reaction of the political opponents ................................... 123 Chapter Two: Mysterious Departure ...................................................... 127 First discourse: death or martyrdom? .......................................................... 127 Second discourse: Imam Khomeini’s (s) reaction ...................................... 132 Third discourse: reactions in Iran and Iraq ................................................. 136 a) Najaf ....................................................................................................... 137 b) Qum ........................................................................................................ 138 c) Tehran ..................................................................................................... 139 d) The mourning ceremony in the Arg Mosque of Tehran as the first serious warn to the Pahlavi regime ......................................................................... 140 Fourth discourse: the global reaction .......................................................... 144 Fifth discourse: the fortieth day of the death of Sayyid Mustafa and aggravation of the crisis .............................................................................. 150 Sixth discourse: aftermaths ......................................................................... 155 CONCLUSION ......................................................................................... 159 SOURCES .................................................................................................. 167 Transliteration Symbols Symbol Transliteration Long Vowels () ,a, a ﺍ ,ﺀ b Symbol Transliteration ﺏ a, A ﺎ ,ﺁ t ﺕ i, I ﺍﻯ th ﺙ u, U ﺍﻮ j ﺝ h ﺡ kh ﺥ d ﺩ dh Short Vowels ﺬ r ﺭ z Symbol Transliteration ﺯ a ﺍَ s ﺲ i ﺍِ sh ﺵ u ﺍُ s ﺺ d ﺾ t ﻁ z ﻅ Persian Letters ﻉ gh ﻍ f Symbol Transliteration ﻑ p ﭗ q ﻕ ch ﭺ k ﻙ zh ﮊ l ﻝ g ﮒ m ﻡ n ﻥ w ﻮ h ﻩ y ﻱ ah ﺓ Introduction Sayyid Mustafa Khomeini, the eldest son of Imam Khomeini (s) was born in Azar 21, 1309 AHS. From his early childhood, he was brought up under the influence of his familial life environment, being fully a religious and scientific one. He began his early education from the local schools. After having learned the primary school teachings, he entered the Qum Theological Center and engaged in acquiring the theological sciences. He soon proved his genius at the Qum Theological Center and went ahead of his classmates. He traversed soon the paths to progress. After passing the preliminary, Sath, and Kharij course, he attained the ijtihad degree at the age 27. While educating and teaching, he began writing, too, which never stopped till the end of his life. He has left behind numerous works as well. Being influenced by the Qum Theological Center’s environment and the characteristic and viewpoints of Imam Khomeini, Sayyid Mustafa embarked on political activities, too. With the onset of Imam Khomeini’s (s) movement, he took part seriously. At different junctures of the movement in Iran, exile in Turkey, and continuation of the exile in Iraq until Aban 1, 1356 AHS when he passed away suspiciously, he continued his political activities and as one of the main pillars of the Islamic movement made comprehensive activities. At the end, his mystifying death, too, rendered noteworthy and undeniable assistances to the increasing expansion of the Islamic movement and its uncontrollability and comprehensiveness. After his departure, he was referred to as the Morning Star of the Revolution, the Forerunner of the Revolution, and the Dawn of the Revolution. The reason behind choosing the subject matter is his particular importance and position in the movement of Imam Khomeini (s) as
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