T . l - 't
C THE WORLDBANK/1FCIM.I.G.A. OFFICE MEMORANDUM
DATE June 23, 1995
TO, Public Information Center
Public Disclosure Authorized FROM: Hatm Hajj, Senior Transport Specialist, EA2TP5
EXrENSiON: 84037
SUBJECT: CHINA: Shaanxi 2 Highway Project (CN-PA-3652) Environmental Documents
Attached is a copy of the following environmental documents for the Shaarnx 2 Highway Project, for deposit with PIC:
1. Sumunaryof Environinental Assessment, dated April 1995. 2. An Environmenta Action Scherme, dated April 1995.
Public Disclosure Authorized 3. Report on the Survey of the Historical Sites of Culural Relics and the Actior. Plan for their Preservation, dated January 1, 1995. 4. Environmental Impact Statement of Weinan-Tongguan Expressway, dated May 1995. 5. Environmental Action Plan of the Weinan-Tongguan Expressway, dated May 1995. 6. Supplementary Study on Traffic Noise Protection Measures, Weinan-Tongguan Expressway,dated May 1995. 7. A Study Report on Noise Prevention & Control of the Sensitive Spots, Tongchuan- Huangling Class-one Highway, dated May 1995. S. Environmental Impact Staternent for the Class-one gighwayfrom Tongchuan to Huangling, dated April 1995. 9. An Environmental Action Plan for Tongchuan-Huanglng Class-one Highway, dated April 1995. Public Disclosure Authorized 10. Environmental Impact Statement of Xlaoshangyuan-LantianHighway Project, dated May 1995. 11. Envirounental Action Plan of the Xlaeshangyuan-Lantian Class It Motor Vehicle Highway, dated May 1995. 12. Jinjia-Terra-cotta Museum Second-class Special Purpose lighway, Environmental Impzct Statement, dated April 1995. 13. Jinjia-Terra-cotta Museum Second-class Special Purpose Highway, Environmental Action Plan, dated April 1995. 14. An E-nvironmentImpact Report on Jiangzhang-Famensi Class-Two Auto-Only Highway, dated April 1995. 15. An Environmental Operation, ]iangzhang-Famen Temple Class-Two Auto-only Highway, dated April 1995. 16. An Environment Impact Report on Jiangzhang-Tangyu Class-Two Auto-Only Public Disclosure Authorized Hghway, dated April 1995. PublicInfonnaion Ccntr -2- June23, 1995
17. An Environmtal Operation,c angzhang-Tangyu Class-two Auto-only Highway, dated April 1995.
The abovedocuments have been preparedby the Borrower,and have not been evaluatedor endorsedby the Bank. Moreover,they are subject to reviewand possible changeduring the prolet appraisal process.
Attachments
cc: Ms. M. Koch-Weser,Mr. K. Suzuki(ASPEN -w/o attachmnents Mr. Y. Kimura(EA2DR) - w/o attachments Mr. M. Gill (ASTER) - wfo attachments Mr. Claude Salem (ASTTP) - wlo attachments Messrs.K Scurfield,Y. Kawabata,(EA2TP) - w/o attachments
Asia InformationCenter, Division Files - w/o attachments
U. g jA.4 HHajynu People's Republic of China
Shaanxi Highway Projects ( I)
An Executive Summary of the Environmental Assessment
ShaanxiCommunications Department April 1995 Preface
This summary EtA report of the Shaanxi Highway Project CI) is compiled on the basis of the EIA reports of the projected highways and the Assessment Memorandum on Shaanxi Highway Projects by the delegation from the World Bank and preparatory team. The Discrimination Delegation on Shaanxi Province Highway Project, the World Bank and preparatory team, had a talk with the representatives of Shaanxi Communications Departnent, Shaanxi Project Committee and Shaanxi Finance Bureau respectively from October 23 to 30. 1994 and Apr. 1-15,1995 and made a primary and partial agreement on the part of trial loan project from the world Bank on the construction of highways in the Ninth Five Year Plan (1996 to 2000) of Shaanxi Province. The Agreemnentcovers the construction of three major highways in the province, which are the parts from Weinan- Tongguan Highway, the first-class highway from Tongchuan to Huangling and the semi- radial highway from Yao county to Tongchuan, the secodd-class accommodation highway from Xiaoihang Yuan to Lantian and three second-class accommodation highways (form Jiangzhang to Famen Temple, from Jingzhang to the West Tangyu and from 1mngJia to Qin Terra cotta Museum) ,totally 257. 76 km long with an invertment of X• 3,924 million yuan. It is agreed to borrow $ 180 million from the World Bank (about 39o of the total). Shaanxi Traffic Bureau generally names the part in the project which applies for investment from the World Bank as the Highway Project( I ). Shaanxi Province (including the helping-the-poor highways. which are not composed in this Report). This ElA Report is composed according to the quest and advice of the Discrnination Delegation and preparatory team on Shaanxi Province HighwayProject, with great tanks to the delegation. Content
IntroductIonto the HighwayProject ( I ), Shaanxl Province ...... -... (1) 1.1 The engineering of the project .'*-*.. . . . (1) 1. 2 The major effective factors of the project of the environment and the El itemns ...... *....*.. *..***.. ************.*.....n..... (3) 1. 3 The scope standard and period of the El of the project . .(4) 1. 4 The major basis of the El items *...... ** *... (4)
2 The Present Environment In the Area or the Project ...... --. * (9) 2.1 The natural environment *...... n. (9) 2. 2 The ecologicalenvironment ...... --.... t..(11) 2. 3 The sicial environmnet .(13) 2. 4 The living environment ...... - ...... -...... --- (16)
3 The Major EnvironmentEffects of the Project during ServiceTime and the Preventing Means ...*.* * .**...*...... (18) 3. 1 The major environmental effects of Weinan-Lintong freeway andthe preventingmeans ...... *.-...... **...... C18) 3. 2 The major environmental impact of Tongehuan-Huangling First class highway and preventing means (22) 3.3 The major environmental effects of Xiaosbang Yuan-Lantian second classhighway and the preventing means .(26) 3. 4 The major environment effect of Jiangzhang-Famen Temple highway and the prevention means*-...... -...... -...... *-...... (28) 3. 5 The major enviroromentaleffect Jiangzhang-West Tangyu highway and the preventing means . (29) 3. 6 The major environmental effects of Jingiia-Terra-cotta Museum highway and the preventing means.0...)...... ) 3. 7 The preventing means general of the highway project CI ) during the service period .*- (31)
4 The Major EnvironmentErrects of the Project during theService Period and preventing means ...... ( 33)
4. 1 On the relies and historic and preventig means -.---...... (33) 4. 2 The protection of the living environment and the ecologic environment. and the soil during the engineering and thepreventing means . .(34)
5 Statistics or the Land-taking and Resettlement ofand the Public Participa-tion in the Project .*...... (38) 5.1 Statistic of the taken land and resettlement of the project - . . . (38) 5. 2 The public participation and an analysis on the investigation *.*.... ""s. (38)
6 The Environment Monitoring Plan ot the Project .*....""'.'..'.. .. ''''." '."'.' (41) 6. 1 The pre-engineering and design environment momitoring plan of the project w....t.n...... t...... m....*...@...... i..*.....g..-s(41) 6. 2 The engineeringphase environment mornitoring plan of the project( I ) ... (41) 6. 3 The environment mornitoring plan of the project ( I ) during the service period ...... (42)
7 The Environment Protection Structure or the Highway Project, Shasnxi Province e...... (44) 7. 1 The formation of thestructure and its work *.*...... (44) 7. 2 The equipments of monitoring for the project( I ) ...... (45) 7. 3 The personneltraining of the structure @ Z - ((45) 7. 4 The ImplementationPlan of the Environment Protection Means and the Expenses estiurit.ed. -...... (46)
Appendix 1. The EAP essentialelements of XhaanxiHighway Projects( I ) ... . .'(50) 2. The distribution of environmentsuseeptive and monitoring spots for Shaanxi Highway Projects( I ) Drawing 1 Location plan for the susceptivespots of environment and monitoring spots along Weinan-Tongguan Expressway . (52) Drawing 2a Location plan for the susceptivespots of environmentand monitoing spots along Tong Chuan-Huangling First Class Highway . (53) Drawing 2b Location plan for the susceptivespots of environment and monitoring spots along Yao country-Tongchuan First Class Highway *...... (54) Drawing 3 Location plan for the susceptivespots of environment and monitoring spots along Xiaoshangyuan-Liantian Second-classspecial-purpose Highway ...... (55) Drawing 4 Location plan for the susceptivespots of environment and monitoring spots along Jiangzhang-Fa Temple Second-Classspecial-purpose Highway...... (56)-- --- Drawing 5 Location plan for the susceptivespots of environmentand monitoring spots along ianggzhang-WestTangyu Second-Classspecial-purpose Highway ...... (57) Drawing 6 Locationplan for the susceptivespots of environment and monitoring.spots along Jinjia-Terracotta Warriors and Horse Museum Secod-Class special- purpose EHighway ...... (58) 1 Introduction to the Highway Project (1I), Shaanxi Province
A highway network in a ¶* "from, connecting 10 cities and areas in the province, covering 60 counties, taking up 58%Yof the highway transport, 72% of the population and 85%oof the agricultural and industial production in the province is projected to be built from 1996 to 2000. The construction is one of the guarantees to the continuous development of the economy in the province at a high speed. Shaanxi Highway Loan project CI ) from the World' Bank includes the freeway from Weinan to Tongguan , the first-class highway from Tongchuan to Huangling (including the semi - radial highway from Yao county to Tongchuan), the secoud-class accommodation highway from Xiaosbang Yuan to Lantian and three accommodation highways between Jiangzhang and Famen Temple, Jiangzhang and the West Tangyu and Jiangjia and Qin Terra cotta Museum. For the geographic location of the above lines, see Figure 1-1. Shaanxi Transportation Department will be in charge of the construction of the highway project ( I ). Except the Xiaoshangyuan-Lantian Highway, which will be done by the Provincial Highway Bureau. al the others will be carried out by Shaanxi High-grade Highway Administrative Bureau.
1. 1 The engineeringof the project
1.1.1 The freeway from Weinan to Tongguan The part starts from Chengjia east to Weinan, going 78.14 km through Hua county and Huayin county and ends at YangjRa on the border of the province. For the scale. investment and specifications. see Table 1-1. Weinan-Tongguan freeway is an important part of the major line from Lianyun port to Horgos. It lies in the east part of Guanzhong Plain, connecting the east and the west parts of the country economically.
1.1. 2 The first-class highway from Tongchuan to Huangling The highway starts from the gap leading to Tongchuan, going 71. 31 km through Yijun county and ends at Kangysi Di in Huangling. It is to be built to the standard -for the first-class mountainous highways. It also includes the part of semi-radial highway or 18. 35 km from Yao county to the gap leading to Tongchuan along the first-class highway from Sanyuan to Tongchuan. For the scale, investment and specifications, see Table 1-1. The highway is a part of the National Highway No. 210, connecting the bases of mine and construction materials of the province and Xian, opening a short cut to transport the coal in northern Shaanxi to the south part of the province and laying a foundation for the upstart of the economy of the province. The tomb of Xuanyuan Emperor, the father of the Chinese -1- Fig. 1 - 1 The geographic location of Shaanxi Highway project (I )
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l3Ti,, nation, stands on Mt. Qiuo, Huangling. The highway will give the Chinese a comfortable and easy way to worship their father.
1. 1. 3 The second-class accomodation highway from Xiaoshang Yuan to Lantian The highway lies in the mountain area between Shangzhou and Lantian. It starts from Xiaoshang Yuan and ends at Lantian county, ruuning 48.28 km. For the scale, investment and specifications, see Table 1-1. The highway is a part of the National Highway No. 312 (Shanghai to Yining), connecting the south east and northwest parts of the country and it is the only major line leading to Shangluo area (a poor area in the province) from Xian.
1. 1. 4 The three second-class accomodation highways 1. That from Jiangzhang to Famen Temple The highway starts from Jiang Zhang Town in Fu Feng county, running 20. 09km north, crossing Xi-Bao highway under construction and ends at Famen Temple, Fufeng county. Farnen Temple is the sacred Buddist place both at home and abroad and honored as the father of the temples and pogodas in Guanzhong due to the legend that the body of Sakyamuni has beeadkept there. 2. That from Jiangzhang to the West Tangyu. The highway starts from Jiangzhang Town, running 15. 69km south, connecting Xi- Bao first-class highway and ends at the West Tangyu, a hot spring in the National Taibai Forest garden in Mei county. Both the spring and the garden are famous natural sceneries for tourism, summer vacation and convalescencein the west part of the province. The summit of Mt. Taibai is 3,767m above the sea level, covered with snow all year round so there is a sa ging that Bit snows on Taibai in June". The above two lines will cormect Famen Temple and the West Tangyu into one body. 3. That from Jingjia-Qiu Terra Cotta Museum The highway starts from Chen village on the ramp of Jing village intricate system joining the freeways from Xian to Lintong and from Lintong to Weinan, runing 5. 90km and ends at a spot 700m to the north of the Museum and grade-crosses with the mid Qin-Ling line. The Museum is honored as the Eighth World Greatest Wonder and it is one of tie national tourist attractions. The Qin Shihuang mausoleum, including the terra cotta pits, was listed in the World Cultural Heritages by the UN Education, Science and Cultural Organization in 1992. The highway will make the transport to the Museum easy and comfortable. For the basic data of the above three lines, see Table 1-i.
1. 2 The major effective factors of the project to the environment and the EI items -3- 1. 2. 1 the major factors Based on the engineeringof the highways to be built and the environmentalfeatures of the area' the highways go through, the constructionperiods and the El factors of the business are listed in Table 1-2.
1. 2. 2 The El items After a sift, the El items and environmentalprotection objectives are listedin Table I- 3.
1. 3 the scope. standard and period of the El of the project
The items, standard approved by Shaanxi Environment Protection Bureau and the periodsof the highways to be built are listed in Table 1-4 and Table 1-5.
1. 4 The major bases of El items
1. the Environment ProtectionAct, the People's Republicof China. 2. the RelicsProtection Act, the People's Republicof China. 3. the Environment Protection stipulations for Construction Protects, No. 003, 1986, by the National Project Conmmitteeand the NationalEnvironment ProjectionBureau. 4. An Announcementto Strengthen the Administration of El Items for the Construction Projects Sponsored by the International Finance Organiztion, No. 324, 1993 by the National Environment Protection Bureau, the National Project Committee and the Environment Supervisionof the National Finance department. 5. The Administration Method for the Environment Protection of Traffic Construction Projects, No. 17, 1990, by the National Traffic Department. 6. The AdministrationStipulations for RelicsProjection in Shaan3dProvince. 7. The related national and provincalstipulation and standards.
-4- Table I-1 A list of the highwaysin the highway Project tI), Shaanxiprovince
Ne. Siam Stan-mid mads period la~~~~~~~ivauonaapplication imi5ic(raujfrd1 Nc0. Item 9IN _no miele perlod s XItCyon I $ 2005 2010b 2015 20205pecfltian
Weian-.HuIyln Welnan-the brder
Cheavilge of gode plait, hilly montan freaway I W-Tong freeway Stlabnthcs ag. -6m IPP6-19S9 13.98 7000 10600 ISOe3 20495 2G426 49C.2kn 2912kro
border . o12inonn IOOkm/h width 2t50m 24.5m
CIaakou- knhgtb,71.21k 65435 80E2 11660 15004 Fs& mr teal, ltOhy firat-em K.noaidl 2 Triajhusn-liua Bgliag Z. 1996-2000 19.45 E400 Ped 60km/b lraet-da,. highay Tal=e-lk7 Chusnkod hla,1L35i. 7594 9361 10749 11867 (Maidal) _.dth 2 ._ (mid rdial 10. 75. MADahas~yasa- Waogta- 1W.Angt Lantias
3 iaehalngL-ndaa. Xla-onhag- ssgtb, 451.28kinme mom. Plai.. asced 3Xi"tgLtnd en LXim -ee, .ngte4Bkmu 1996-1998 3.53 100 3867 5533 7558 9749 asesad-elas elmas aSrOnlddOt,t, Lasai hmlJ 1574. Slm 43.OOkm S .30m
weead 4ODomTh Bokis/l width 9.B. 11Dm the 0 aesood apeciat2.0li
* pi-soehs-Fmees Tanp-Fie - neu 1996-1998 1.17 510 3076 4629 64B2 7702 pads PFlin. hbly. nd-
4 .e . nd-d -eahan teared53lo. 15. 69hn 9-ts 0L77 370 1530 3338 4733 4050 Speed SOkioJi T-an'o. aeod-ea Toin, Wes aa,333 mu
_ *rQin MU T.li_- length 5aott 1se-1997 0.30 120 3132 4261 587B 7298 width 11.Or a-=d-cam am 228.7se_ _
lengqth,257. 76km 92 so te,11720.31 2v241.0
5- R~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.-oo. ..-. r -- ,...... Fs .--
EtoI~mt .ogln..n.g - El ~toto .-
Table 1- 2 The anailysison the El factors in the Highway Project (I, Shaanxi Prov"ince
Tar,;
dr Ppeidtim 1 POWe %rn Pawio time peio im, pd.o the, Pawio lom.oa.d..Ip S S0 0 0 0 0 * 0 0 Ind lde..lop. [nm&e nornCOtM to------
wae,inedmhd . :: 0 locinlifeI,,muu, mA A A , -
mTah.~ld ~ lmlodfumin . hae OSitlo 0 0 0 0 td0 i: Ais0 pWPbd.an0 AiA 0 0m Pe0 de,eedeoldlmer .e.imJ 0 eeeorereold om1e.fto A A O * O * A ~ hee.ee.er. A 0 A 0 A 0 a 0 a 0 A 0
b- t -ing El fa A A a
erepere.ged. nd..%of -qmitIcdi-.O * O _ °
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51mi. Omd AA * A A A A A A A n20 -in cln*_
enSpneen cf W~ _ _ugO
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cottbra 0 0o 0. 0o 0f ...0
Notn.Oeenoee _agmel, OLebt.
-6 - the highways in the project Table 1-3 The El centents and ecologicalprotection for JItanphng riamz g l _ \ ghway We Tong Xiaoshang No._ chice Tangu Q6 MmnO lluang L.atitan Farmen West El_ taTong f V V V I presmntsociAl and impacts V V V V v 2 sensitivespots mAJorV 3 relies majl",orV MB* 4 tircsent cologiccondition major Vv present *tmspheric V _ condition - V 6 pzesertground water V rnjor V 7 ria of the project V V V V V eogic economy V V 1.sens;tive ts __ ecologIc I.Iun1 -t 2. protecthonuuenvonentndtdkprotectionepoae Iprotection objtive enironent rergcaasd taur ivlew TEN toutittkw se sGU 3.cnviann ereonEoks d k 2. the water quality ecolic enriroament in Xi_' _esvr
area the highways in the project are to be built Table 1-4 The background lead content and examination standard in the rshzag, Wei Tong . Xiaoshaeg FLTVlhang .- ntoers1:111 aIrte WestT.ngyu Tong lluarng Tongchurn lantian Famen
nonh blackoil, mouth blck oil *vuth Lu soilsull to black-Yousoil, 1sbbckoil, blwn bn to WeiR. to WeiR. oWei R o11type WetiR. yellowhabrin soi m neth to Wei R. 17.0 t6,1 19.1 14.9 gwmkia Lac.Sound value(ppm) 14. 12.3 12.4 3.16 5.01 2.71 .l71 3.55 geoetriediife r,tisn 3.68 3.24 P-B+20 18.7 27.0 21.5 21.5 24.1 standatd P(ppm) 24.1 Is. a Table 1-5 The EIA scopes.standardsand periodsof the highwaysin the piroject highway distancebetween the twosides and the center of tie line standard
PC _ < Wet-Tong Tong-i(uing Xaouihang-lantin Jlangthang-Pamen langnhan Qaue item ~~~~~~~~~~Tsngyn ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~WestQin Museum GB3096-53 vlages cia 4day 70dB
sound within200m witlin 200m withinloOm withinlOOm withinlOOm within10(hn el gYm60dB cbolms 2,dlay WOE nightsotB
atmntaphertc withinzootm within200tn withinzoom withinloom withtn200m within20Om htitivespot G03I095-S2 Clas 2. crops O.S-1. 0Pm
ecologic withinloom withinSOOm within200m wihinSOm withinSOm wilhinSO rt backgroundalue rzo we Tsble 1-4. Xihe reservoir atnd rintees C8iiJ3B-ii8 groundwater tiver thetgtOute r rivtivte rthni aogut Tangyurver teed e I liver tenmrwo,dis I
_ocial __ economicdirect effect wilhin direct efect within social & ecenrumic 200nt 200m
relics & Nitet within2OOm withinZoom withinZOOm nwithin 2oam within200m within20n'
construction 199-1999 199#-2000 1996-i691 19968loS93 1996-P939 1991-9lo?
^asssment_ period Cearervke 2005 2005 2005 2005
future service 2015 2020 2017 2020 2020 2020 2 The Present Environment in the Area of the Project
2. 1 The natural environment
2. 1. 1 The climatecorditions Except the first-class highwayfrom Tongchuanto Huangling,theother highwaysin the HighwayProject ( I ) .ShaanxiProvince, are to be built in the east part of Guanzhong Plain where the climateis fairly warm and wet with longer wintersand summersand a moderaterainfall that concentratein July, August and September.Shangshou ares is of a warm continentalclimate with trade winds, characterigedby the intersectionof semi-wet and semi-dry continentalclimate with plenty of rainfaL For the majorclimatic parameters. see Table2-1 Table 2-1 The major climaticparameters in the area HiUyamein South tof Guanzbong PlaiM fiont of the Loutl tean parametcr unit CQtining Mtsu. Xian-Hut Hua country- Sbanphou- Tongehus- _ouy jTougnan latin Hug
average temp. 13.1-13. 5 13.0-13.?7 12.9-13.0 9.6-10.2
monthly aver. C -1 3--L 0 -1.5--.a -1. 2-0. 5 -4.4-7- 8 temp. lower
monthly ave 26.7 27.0 24.6-26.3 21.4-22.4 temp. higher.
aunual raindrop mm 594-604 574-596 649-706 630-643
aunual aver. mm 1497 1660-1973 1782-1807 vaporatn
major wind NE/SW E/WS,E/WWN ES/WN.WN/W NSPNW
eanluaver. -i,i,lspbd r/s 2.0 2.3-3.4 2L4-1.5 0-2.7
relative !5 70' 61-63 64-70 64 humidit
-9- 2.1. 2 The topography, geology and earthquakes 1. The area of Weinan-Tongguan free way and the three second-class accommodation highway. The area is in the Wei River Basin, Guanzhong Plain, with Qinling Mts to the south and the Wei River,Jing River and the yellow River to the northtso the southern part is higher while the northern lower. Averagelytit is 340-400m above the sea level, broad and plain and partially of terraces. The class I terraces in the Wei River are are composed of deposited sand paste, pasted sand earth, sand powder and weathered sand of the Quarternary period (Q2). The fine sand on the top is of a beach phase. The Guanzhong area is one of the areas of active quakes the country over and Xian is on the quake belt of 8th degree between the Fen River and the Wei River and the quake in the Wei River basin is usually about 7th degree. 2. The area of TongChuan-Huangling first-class highway The area lies in the south part of the North Shasna Loess Plateau, getting higher toward the northwest. The area consists of the lopography of loess ridges and mountains and that of rock-based mountains. The former is covered with deepening vallays while the latter is carved up by steep cliffs and deep valleys that are thickly vegetated The line goes on the loess ridges along thd Wang River,the Half Vallay and Xi River and in the latter topographic area, the majority of the valleys are fairly wide. The area the line goes through is of the stratum of the Holocene and Pleistocene epoches with the traces and faults of the fault and fold formation, the majority of which is dead. The quake is 6th degree. 3. The are of the Xiaozhang-Lantian Highway The highway is projested to go through the mountains and hilly area in front of the Qimling Mts. The boti sides along the river villays are steep and the rivers run quite fast. The line winds along the valleys of the Senen Winding River, the Lan Bright River and the Clear River. the majority of which are wide while the rest narrow. The line goes through the Iron Stove active fault belt and that between Shangzhou and Tro- Gaps. Yet, they make little trouble to the base. Geographically, the area is composed of the mixture of the deposits of weathered castic rock, tone soil, granites and gneiss. The quake in Lantian county is generally 7th degree and that in Shangzhou is 6th.
2.1. 3 The rivers and hydrology The rivers the highway in the project goes across all belong to the Wei River drainage area in the Yellow River system There are many rivers running through the area; for the details,see Table 2-2.
-10- Table 2-2 The major rivers in the area highwmy river function direction relation to liDue rmarka
north to Wei R. abort and sma I.Wei-T' ng Fuahui, Yuuian, then to Yellow bridges be built flow in dry 1.Wei-Tong Tanyu, Shidi R. in front of acrs sesons Qinling pan is dry
QMIuA. aWsuz source for to Shichuan. parallel with the lbusllyy .ctc villagr then to We; line Ju squasi to the 2.Tong-Huang Xi river and the line, the rest Shiyougou, XI, remsvoir are the to Luc, then to Qing, Ju soure or Nijun Wci county- Qipan diver, the Clear Seven into the dan W4ding pa nmauz flow
3. Xiaozblg - Ba.Qing,Qiqao ce for river and then with line. rr affected Lantian and Lanqiao fannige Qintgbiad and L nally,good Lanqiarivema bridge be built quality iato Bs aross Ba
4. Jiangzhang - Hou to Wei a bridge be built Fame
the CleaBridges across Wei &Es 5.JiangThstng Wei,Qing. be buit & the Clear. waterti -West Tangyu Tangyu etc Tangyu to Wei, T Ungzr Tangu is of then to Yellow the line good quality
The Guanzhong Plain is rich in underground water,5-15m deep,and the major part of the drinking and farming water comes from it.
2. 2 The ecologic environment
2. 2. 1 The vegetation and soil protection There are three categories of vegetation and soil protection in the area the highways in the project are to be built.ie,the Guanzhong Plain, the southern part of the North Shaamd Loess Plateau and the hilly area in front of the Qinling Mts. 1. The Guanzhong Plain CWeinan- Tngguan freeway and the three second - class accommodation highways are to be built) After being farmed for thousands of years,the natural vegetation is nearly wiped out and all the cultivable land has become farming land with wheat and corn and the recently developed fruit trees growing on it. Since the land is flat and well cultivated, the majority of the land is good for farming and due to the reality that the irrigation ditches are well planted, the vegetation in the whole area is good and the soil well protected with an erosion of 74 T/ km.y.
- 11 - 2, The southern part of the North Shaanxi Loess Plateau (where Tong -Huang highway is to be built) The rock-based mountain area west to the National Highway No. 210 (see Figure 1- 1) is sparsely populated and well covered with natural forests by a coverage of 87Y. The loess ridges, hills and valleys are covered with well-growing man-planted forests and bushes and some damaged naturally sub-generated forests. The major plants are oaks, poplars, Chinese pines, birches, Chinese scholartrees and cypresses. Except about 26 km from K1108to K134, where the natural vegetation is fairly well protected, the vegetation in the valleys and on the loess ridges is rather poor by a forest coverage of about 27E, where the soil is poorly poorly protected by an erosion of 1499 T/kmn 'y. 3. The Qinling Mt area and the hilly area in front of the Qinling Mts (where XiaoZhang -Lantian highway is to be built) The vegetation is mainly composed of cyprsses,while-sidn pines and Chinese pines and the man-planted forest is made of Chinese pines and Hua pines. Also, there are small spots of Chinese chestant and nut trees. The area mainly con:stss of farming land and man-planted forests,growing wheat, corn and sweet potatoes and along the foot of the mountains,small spots of rice grow, In general, the vegetation is fairly good and the soi decently protected.
2. 2. 2 The wildlife The Qinling Mts area is a national wildlife preservation area. The wildlife indudes river deers, bears, pandas, leopards,wild goats. long-tail chickens and egrets. All those wildlife are living in the area of west Qinling Mts. ln the area that Tong -Huang hiehway goes through, there are also many wild animals, such as the class I national preserved gold-skin leopards and reindeers. Besides, there are many wild hogs, roe deers, wolves, foxes and many birds. A1Lthose wildife are living deep in the mountain. After on the spot investigations. the vegetation in some parts of the area is found damaged, hard to see any wildlife or rare and extincting species due to human activities.
2. 2. 3 The Agriculture The area is agricultural. The Guanzhong Area is the grain store of the province. The products are wheat and corn with an annunl productivity of 500-650 kg/mu. The economic products are apples, grapes, etc. The land on the hills and in the valleys is rather sterile with undeveloped irigation and poor yield. For intance,the aunnal yield of wheat or cor in Tongehuan area is only 140 kg/ mu and that in Huangling area is no more than 240 kg/mu. The lead content in the soil in the area the highways go through tested to the samples is listed in Table 2-3. It n be seen from the table that the soil inthe major part of the area is of a good quaity -12- with a low lead content and the lead content in the wheat and corn produced there is lower than that stipulated by the food standard. Yet, the soil along Weinan-Tongguan highway is a bit polluted because the urban polluted water is used in irrigation and the present National Highway No. 310 makes the soil on its both sides dirty. Anyhow, it makes no effect on the grain.
The lead content in the soil in the area the highways Table 2-3 in the Highway Project ( I ) are to be built
highway testingflgESpoiton_ ._ XRIrreark land marl village Cmg/kg) . nmaA
X56+760 Chen 21.0 light
K62+750 Chiahui 22.8 light the value of the
1. eWyan- K74+500 Mua county 48.1 Mld to Wou nab Tongguan - to Weina is:
K92+600 Fuslui 54.8 "id 18. BPPM
K105+15a Huayin 26.8 light
IC94-K120 Chunikou- 21.3 no Bazujegou 2. Tongauan -Huangling K120-K163 Banjegau-YUjun 13.3 DO K163-KI65 YiJun-Kangyaun 13.3 no
K2+500 Hclongkou 13.2 no
|3. Xiozbang- 29l+000 Muhu 19.8 no Lantian K32+500 Lan Bridge 12.6 MO
(50+803 LuCE 10.8 noM
4. Jiangzbg 1(8+300 Dengbua 16.5 grain &L Famen vegetablesnot
Ws R7+0001ang( Gual 21.2 nO polUte
6.Jing-Qin K2+000 Xuia 22.5 Do not vegetables MV=eu not polluted
2. 3 The social environment
2. 3. 1 General The economy in Guanzhong Area and that of the Tongchuan - Huangling coal and conruction material corridor are fairly developed with a dense population. For the details. see table 2-4.
- 13 - Table 2-4 The genda smcalenvironment in the area the highways to be built mcdiiItem 'flag k populaton SdmSa & pnopltion towunhiptarnoy
V& f\ayY P PVppula-donl~ PX miYdddletnMVcap land anw.pyield yuannet Inme highway - en(muAad (kg/mu) hid. y
7 Mhoals 14 aheh. Weunan-Tongguan 43 36757 1831 2045 1. 6m0-2. 16 EtUnit 300 450-S10 teacbans& teacher. -450
1 ih 2 iwith 570 mn Tangchuan-HuangkIng 14 2237 9700 353 Ta. S6 T$S .0-:3.70C 180-25
151 T.& I with 234 groin,I Xinoyun-Lantian 21 2503 11238 7053 1. & To. 7LSS 275-325 450
Jianohang-Fawnen 9 600-1000
Jianphang-Wcat Tang yu 3 342 IS38 1.400-z.W =
Sing le-QWnMusuwu 8 832 3356 0.895- gn,600 800-1000 Note 1. in the area of Wei-Tong line, there is a hospital in Fushui with 22 beds and 23 doctors and nurses. 2. In the area of Tong-Huang.line,there is the Tongehuan Mie Msital with 400 beds and 350 doctors and nurses. 3. In the area of Xiaoshang-Lantian ine, there are 3 township hospitals with 32 beds and 40 doctors and nurses.
2. 3. 2 The relics and historic sites in general The Guanzhong Area is one of the places from where the Chinese nation originated. Lantian men of millions of years ago, the prehistorical Banpo men and Xuanyuan Emperor, the father of the nation, created the Chinese culture on this piece of treasure Land. Xiah was called Chang'an in the ancient.times and is houred as one of the four ancient capitals the world over. Since the Shang and Zhou dynasties, 11 emperors have made their courts in Xian, leaving thd area with a rich resource of relics and historic sites and making Xian famous both at home and abroad. Yet, this brings some difficulty to the engineering of the high ways in protecting the relics and sites. According to the materials provided by Shaanxi Archeology Institute in 1994. the relics and sites in the area the highways in the project are to be built are listed in Table 2-5.
-14- Table 2-5 The relics and historir sites in the area the highwayuin the project are to be built
htghwy (lndtk) nameand condition clm relationto lne Liang.loba Liangliobarmains 50,.OOm,of aboutlOOm 71+750 Yanphao culture couny nonrhto line lanijayo Jianrjyaoscams, 30,000m',of about400m K83+250 Banpoand Losphan culture cQune south to line Quanhu remns, on the Quanhu vilbge southem atep, 0. 1 =iMionzn', about lOOmiou Weinan- 184+250 mainly of yaugshao and longshan unt to lne Tongguan culture Heghden rmains, l0,000ml, Hengehen of Yangshoa and Longphan K91+50K91+500 culture,theShagZou,Waing,Pev Renain, of activities of Provincial nearuharto to lOOm line .Qin, Han dynasties Tongguan Tongguanancient wal Prvincial ine gaB %hrouffh Wangjiabian Yao Kiln remains, Spreading Tougchuan fromthe north to Wang&iabianto Tongchuancement factory. als . line goes ceme5t Factor of the Tang, lin and Yuan through K86+5000 4ynastie with a high value of histty.culrure snd art Tonrchuan.- WangiaWagi River remains, lots of Huangling WangJi River Ashpits dinovered. of the Shang provincil lioe K100+000 and Zhoudynastics throwh
The Emperor's Tomb Protecion line goes Empercs Tormb Areas The Tomb lie. on Mt. national and arund, about K164+000 Qiao. about 21krn'. The place major 200m from the the Cbiroes worshiptheir father edge
Xiiaohang- Chenjisyan Chenjayan relics, Yangshao and about more Lantian 147+170 Han dynasty culture lOom to lint
Anbanr Ambau Mke remains, a big ara Jiangzhang XMahe of yanghbso. Longphan. West line goes -Fasten 19+00- ZThouand West Ian dynasty through K10+800 cutlures. Rich in content
Lou Vllge remains, about 50. Jiangzaang- .Oorn%of the ash pits and housr West Tangyu Lu Vilage sites of Yangzhso culture, Also, county line gosthrough of poredain piees of the Zhou Dynasty Yuchi Prime remains, 120, 000 . Yuchibao e. formed by tidng soil when lth goes rmng- K3-K4 constructingQin Tomb, with a tugh the Term-cotta lot of construction remains. edge Museuim Tr7ar-cotta, The terra Cotts flgure and house ntoa Mueuon pits of 3 pat. One cf dw8 wrld nationall sotheaboCOnt 0ms wonders
It can be seen from the above table that the htghways to be built will go around the majority of the national and provincial relics,yet .a little parts will go through some remains in the process of the construction, care has to be taken to preserve the relics. -15- 2. 4 The Living environment
The El ExaminationGroup inspected and examinedthe effects of the highway on the noise, atmophere and water in the area and the results are listed in Table 2-6. From the above table it can be seen that the present living environment in the area is fairly good.
-16- 3 The Major Environment Effects of the Project During Service Time and the Preventing Means
3. 1 The Major Envrionmental effects of Weinan-Liantongfreeway and the preventing means
3. 1. 1 The major effets on 1. Noise The noise effects of the freeway on the sensitive spots in the basinessperiod and the preventing means are listedin Table 3-la and 3-lb. It can be seen that nearly all the noise at every sensitivespot is over standard, especiallythat in the schoolsand villages, making a rather serious influenceat night. 2. The atmosphere The calculatedimpact on the atmosphereduring the serviceperiod will be a. NO,:When the wind is perpendicularto the line, along the Weinan-Huayinpart, it will be over the standart from 2005Cin2005, 0.2 mg/mn, in 2018, 0.4 mg/m') and along the Huayin-Tongguanpart, it will be over the standard in 2018 (0. 25 mg/m'). When the wind goes parallelwith the line, within 95m alongthe part from Weinanto Huayin, it will be over the standard in 2005 and within ZOOmin 2018. Within 75m along the part from Huayin to Tongguan, it will be over the standard in 2018. b. CO: In all winds, none of the valueis over the standard along the line. c. THC: Whenthe wind is perpendicularto the line, within 200mdown the wind, it will be over the standard along the Weinan-Huayinpart in 2018 (>0. 25 mg/rl and when the wind is parallel with the line, with in 155 m along the part, it will be over the standard (0. 16-0. 30 mg/rn'). That along the Huayin-Tongguanpart will not. 3. The soil The Pb in the wasted gas will make its accumulationin the soil increaseby each passing year during the businessperiod without bringingserious effect. Except the part from Weinan to Huayin, where there will be moderatepollution within 30m along the line in 2018, there will be no or slight pollutionalong the rest part (see Table 3-2). The Pb particleswill not make serious effects on the soil.
- 18 - Tho calculatodnoia levelson the soncitivoapoto along Tnble 3-la Wei-Tong freeway and the preventing meauras
over miandardLoq(dB) disRne - Landmark lrAtion pupula to the 205 2018 preventingmons dlon mid o line - - I _ day night day nght
K6Z+300KSZ+300 VocationalChiahul School D6 2.2 4.5 . 5 10,4 dL Woods6. Omwide belt lhom long,
K73+600 XIngln Prime 90 4. 0 6. 7.1 12.2 .woodsbot 80wn long.
K79+560 LianhumTornple 1030 50 7.8 10.7 10.7 16.1 *endaoaingwnD 21 0X 3.Om' OccupationScho6l
K0+760 Schl dplaygroud 420 55 6.5 9.8 9.9 35.
|K81+850 LianhusTemple 320 70 5.4 7.7 8. 5 13.3 Aeoclosingwall 7DX3. Cr' Pime School
V.82+350 Zhaahichang l10 30 7.4 11.5 10.5 18.4 encloIngWall 160X3. Om school
connut claoommsfacing the K84+570 FengliangPnirne 105 25 13.4 17. 0 16.0 22.0 highwayto other purpos and School rebuild new ones in the I ~~~~~~~~cam pus
X92+700 Fuahui Hospital 23 40 9.4 12. 5 12. 2 17. 8 r up noisesceen l00 X 2.
AF*rst row the clamooms be Fusbui Prima 525 30 17.8 21. 4 20. 2 26. 3 Build feW otbes in the K93+090 ShcoolBulue esith campus.
X9+000 SchoolTaoxina Middle 59 800 393 9 646.4 71 1.12A2 Woodsmwide belt 90m long by 6.
K115+500 Xiquandian Prime 166 30 10.6 13.7 13.5 18.1 Aencloing wall 100X3. Om' School
K127+300 DiKa ilao Prime 215 70 3.5 5.9 6.8 11. 5 6.owidt t long. school .0wd
total "nOiescreen loo X, . Sm', enclng waell-S4 X S3.Om'
total:1. The standard noise, day:6OdB, night:50dB. 2. Aindicates the measures taken at the sametime as the construction will go on. 3. On the sensitine spots near the highway arbor and bush should be planted densely and evergreen trees are even better.
- 19 - The calculated noiseeffects on the viWlagesalong Talbe 3-lb Wei-Tong freewayand the preventingmeans oyestmdardLeq(dB) distance
Landmark Vilage p 9ioU to theheins 2005 2018 pteventing tionl canter~ of 20 _dLine _ night day night
57+000 Shilipu 930 95 0 0 0 5.4 *woodbet 4 longby 6. Omwide
X57+900 Zhangiia 530 SO 0 1 4 0 5.4 *woodsbelt 120mlong by 6. Omwide
X61+900 Taoli Ai 500 70 0 2. 7 0 . 3 *woods belt 200wnlong by 6. 0rn wide
K68+250 lie(ang 190 35 0 0. 6 0 5. 6 *woodsbelt 120m long by 6. Ornwide
K71+940 Zb"gy 280 50 0 0 0 5.3 *wods belt120m long by 6. Omwide
K73+300 Ni vil 700 20 O .2.0 O 2.0 *wds belt 20Omlong by 6.Om wide
K76+900 Tow6 u 875 60 0 3.9 0 9.5 *woodsbelt 200mlong by 6. Omride
K79+750 DHeRa 468 95 0 a 0 5.4 *woodbt 0mlong by 6.Om wide He KilO+930 Xiq oi380 20 O 7. 6 1.4 12.5SAwoods bldt lOOm long by 6.Om wide
Ka81+50 GaH 315 60 0 3.9 0 '.5 Owods beltS0nongby 6. mwide
K82+000 Banjsha 600 70 0 2.4 0 8.2 woodbelt 160 longby G.Owide
K8z+950 Qianjiny. 500 20 1.0 9. 6 3. 8 15.0 " 'Myen 200X2. nt
K83+650 Fuz.hong 847 20 1.0 9.6 3.8 15.0 nolueweenA,prutally re-al'2002. ate Sm'
K84+300 Quanbu 700 20 4.6 12.7 7.1 17.5 e scrn 400X2.e8mt
K86+300 Xinbu 240 40 0 7.4 2.1 12.7? noiescreen160X 2.Smt
K92+600 7uoi 5400 60 0 2. 1 0 7.8 Swoodsbelt lOOm long by 6.Om wide
K93+000 Nan 700 70 0 2.1 0 8. 2 swoods belt 350mlong by 6.Om wide
K95+200 Town 550 20 0 7.2 1.0 12.1 *'woodWbet150mlongby6.Omwide
IC97+900 Wuxi 1200 90 0 0.5 0 6.3 woodsbet 230mlong by 6.Om wide
KIOO+Ooo Wufang 3803 24 0 5.5 0.2 10.6 *wood bet 600mlong by 6.Om wide
K103+400 Baidong 750 80 0 1.4 0 7.3 *woods bet 28Dmlong by 6. Omwide
-20- The calculatednoise effects on the viliagesalong Continued Talbe 3-lb Wei-Tongfr eeway and the p!vet means oventandurdLeq (dB) distance Landmark Vilage populat toL the 2005 2018 preventingmeans
day night day night
K104+800 army 20 0 0 0 4. 9 planttrees along the lineby side
K111+800 Zhaoping1840 30 0 0 0 4.0 pblmttram along the Iineby side
K115t 500 Xiquan 704 30 L25 11.2 5.2 16.3 Ancse.crecn 400X 2. gm'
X118+000 Xiyaizi 526 100 0 0 a 3.5 planttrees longthe finebyside
noise screen200X 2. W K118+§00 shangGng, 1600 35 0 7.3 0.9 11.1 *woodsbdti K119+000 Renyibu 300 64 0 1.7 0 7.2 planttreealong the linebysde | 120+200 Diaoqiao 2800 20 0 5.6 0 la. 2 Arilre=allocate West K124+950 distrc 50 70 0 0.1 0 5.9 plunt.uteesalongheline bysibe of the ApartiaDy re-alloeate K125+300 Jiaonigou 325 20 0 8.6 2.3 13.5 *
X130+300400 OiBehun 20 a 1.9 0 6.9 Apardtaly re-allocate, K1304-300 Qilehun 400 20a 0 1*9 0 6< Swoodsbelt 30m longby 6.Om wide
total 29003 Woodsbeet2890X6.Oranoisersceen2120X2. 8m 2
Note:1. TLc standard noiset de: 70dB, night 55dB. 2. Some civilianhouses are to be re-allocatedto the engineering. 3. Aindicates the measures taken at the same tine as constructiongoes. 4. *woods belt will be set up near the vilages, arbor and bush should be planted densely and indicates the measures to be taken for noiselevel monitoring during the serviceperiod. evergreen trees are even better.
4. The ground w.,ter There are fifteen rivers along the line, which are all in front of the mountains with an average flow of 0. 1-1. 1 m3Vsand the flows change sharply seasonally. It is calctlated that the highway will not make serious effect on the quality of the water.
-21- Table 3-2 The calculatedlead concentradonsin the soil along We-Tong freeway
diauaee from the center of line part year r_marks 30 40 60 80 100
Weinn- 2005 27. 12 25. 58 23.71 22.66 21 17 1. The back value in the Huayin _ deep brown soil is 16. 9 2018 41. 68 37.71 32.S1 30.20 28 43
2005 19.75 19. 17 18.76 18.56 1l 44 2. The effect of the sample Humyin- _ exam in Huan county is Tongguan 2018 22.8C0 2. 28 20.20 19 77 15. 35 moderate.
3.1. 2 The preventing means 1. For the noise PProtect a good noise environment for the schools with the means of noise screen, re- allocation tree-planting. For the detailed means, see Table 3-la and Table 3-lb. b. Proper administration means shall be taken, such as posting signs of 'No. Horning' nLearthe schools. 2. Comprehensivemears Taking the protection of the atmosphere, the noise, the soil and the water into consideration, plant more trees along the both sides of the line and along the non-farming parts, make the belt wider to put up biologic walls.
3. 2 The Major Environmental Inpact of Tongchuan-Haungling First-Class Highway and the Preventing Means.
3. 2.1 The major environmental effects on 1. The ground water 'fhe part from K127+500-K150+000 is to be on the slope or the top of Xi River valley while the part from K139-Kl40 on the east top of Xi River reservoir, which are the water source of the people in Nijun city and the content of the reservoir is about 7. 8516 nijllion m 3 . Grease is calculated to be the major polluting factor in the rain water and that in the reservoir, making its quality ten times as much as the standard, (see Table 3-3). 2. The noise The noise is calculated to fairly moderate in general during the service period, yet the impact on the Gap of Tongchuan and Wangjia He area is fairly serious. For the detail, see Table 3-4.
- 22 - The calculatedpollution content in the water Table 3-3 in Xi River Reservoir average Standard po'lutant over over (value I co standand coftent standand COD (mng/L) 5. 7 6. 9 15
Oil (mg/L) 0. 30 5.0 0.55 10.0 0.05
Pb(mg/L) 0. 02 0. 03 0.05
The over the standard noises at the sensitive spots aing Table 3-4 Tong-Huang Part during the service time
over standard Leq(dB) distance Landmark to line 2005 2020 preventingmans (m) spot day night day night
seond floor 0 1.6 3.5 5.8 K93+900 ~thefirst row tbird floor 1.3 3. 6 5 5 7. 9 K94+600 20 of living fourth floor 1.2 3. 5 5.5 7.8 soid protective. bridg (high buikU______uldgat at__walls liftl floor 1.2 3.4_p_ 5.4 17. 7 for viaduo-t- bridge) sixthfloorj 1.1 3.2 5.2 7.4
the living first floor 0 2.6 3.1 5.5 20 quan seeondfloo 2.2 4 6 5.7 8.2 as above K97000Tongcuan._ K97+00 GMine third floor 2.1 4 6 5 6 8 1
K95+300 100 the hosptal Tongehuan 7.6 3.0 9.2 5. 0 as above mine(3 stories)
K97+500 30 te donn Whauggab mid 9.4 2.8 12.2 8 1 the route line Schoo haschnged to
theMd school, 0 0 0 thecast side of KlOlTong 200an be -00 O 0.4 Wangariver
-Z3- The over the standard noises at the sensitive spots along *Continued Table 3-4 Tong-Huang Pan during the service time
over standard Leq(dB) distance .s. Landmark to line st 2005 2020 preventing means (m) spot day night day night
Banjie Prima.wSchool solid protective K116+000 30 Banjie Prima. School 5.5 1.0 9. 2 4. 3 walls for (42 pupils) viadc
Liujiahe Prima School K128+000 50 (32 pupils) 3. 7 0 7. 2 1.8 enclosing walls C32______pupils)______higher 3. 4 make 1he 1136+000 30 Yangjiaping Prima. School 4.9 0 8. tent losing u 311F
______~ ~~~~~~~~~~~higher Huangbo Set up Township 20 Nichi Middle School 9.2 7.2 11.7 8. 7 enclosure out TownshiP ___ lsro cbsoom
3. The atmcosphere in the latter pan of the business period (2020). the NO. within 70 m from the line is calculated to be rather over the standard It will be the major pollution fatorCsee Table 3- 5). Since the majority of the sensitive spots are fairly far fiom the line. it will not make serious effects on the atmosphere over the sensitive spots. Though the concentration near the tunnel mouth is a bit bigh. it makes no harm to the villagers because there are no villages nearly. The calculatedpollution concentration in the atmosphere Table 3-5 along Tong-Huangbighway in the serviceperiod (2020)
uflon i CO(mg/m') NO.Cmg/m') | sndad for aophe
(claw I ){g/m') stp \ averag e average once ChumIcon 3.15 4.86 0.05 0.09 co [ NO.
Wangiae 3.29 S.10 0.03 0.16 S _ __...... ol#e ~~~~~~~~~10.00 Onc . 15 'we4No. in z 99 4.80 0.04 0. 16 WW jangl Hec I ______Qiaia ECa Z.95 4.90 0. 04 0.18 Javerge4. 00 average4. 00 SanhbeKau 3.80 6.05 0. 0s 0. 20
4. The soil
-24- The pollution near the line is calculated3to go up to the middle level in 2020 (see Table 3 -6). The calculatedPb accumulationsin the soil along Table 3-6 Tong-Huanghighway during the businessperiod
pan Chuankou-BAniegou anjiegou-Nijun Niyu-KangyaiDi Yao-Chumnkon
BackgroundvalueCppm) 21.3 13.3 13.3 32.7
Pb 2005 24.95 13.7 13.3 38.5 accumulation Cppm) 2020 85. 20 69.96 7S. 9 148.9
5. Accidents Tong-Huang highway will be busy -viil: the transportation of coal and construction materials. If the conditionsare improved, the accidents will be reduced. However, the line is paralel with the river, which is the source of drinking water of the people living nearby, making tde water poUutedpossible.
3. 2. 2 The preventing means 1. For the ground water and accidents a. Sand sinking pool. Oil will be the major polluting factor during the business period(see Table 3- 3). Prevent oil pollution and accidents with technique of sand sinking pool (conducting the water from the line into a sand sinking pool). * In Xi River zeservoirarea. two pods are to be built 6 km upsean from the reservoir. - In the valleys, such as the Half Valley and Wangjia River, one pool is to be built upstream from each village. The size of the pool is to be based on the utility of five years and it is to be designed and engineered as a special project. b. The water from the hi side or plateau is to be led into the intercepting ditch. and then to the valley. c. In the water source areas. such as the Xi River reservoir, emergent facilities are to be installed to stop and treat any poison leakage. d. Strengthen safety check and install snow and ice cleaners in the mountain areas. 2. For the noise The particular means for the sensitive spots are listed in Table 3-4. a. In the Chuankou area, solid protective walls for viaduct will be built. windows double paned. It is possiblein Tongchuan area due to cool climate in summer. b. According to the calculated noise, the Wangiia He part is moved to the east side of the river. c. The priMarschools in the valley are of small size, high walls are to be built around them(See table 3-4). - 25- d. The outer corridor in the classroom buildng in Nichi Mid-School, Huangbo Towin, (along the radial highway from Yao county to the Gap) is to be sealed to keep the noise under 45 dB. 3. For the atmospher and ecologic environment combining the means for the atmosphere, the soil, the vegetation and ecologic environment, Strengthen the tree-planting project to get a comprehensiveresult and make t}e area of the line a scenery.
3. 3 The major environmental effects of Xiaoshang Yuan-Lantian second- class highway and the preventing means.
3. 3.1 The major effects on 1. The atmosphere The four types of topography along the line to be effected are listed im Table 3-7. The CO. N0., THC and SOz in the areas of type A and type B are not to be over the standard during the service period from 1999 to 2017. and from 2005, the NO, and THC in the area of type C are to be over the standard within 20m from the line, yet there are no inhabitants there. The CO in the tunnel is not to be over the standard. 2. Acoustic Environment Influence The noise at all the sensitive spots along the line is not to be over the standard during the service period from 1999 to 2017. 3. The ground water The Pb in the wasted gas is not to make a harmful effect on thewater in therivers almng the line during the service period from 1999 to 2017. 4. The Influence on Agriculture soil The Pb accumulationsin the soil in the four types of land along the lne during the service period are listed in Table 3-8. It canbe seen that the soil 40m frim the line in the areas of type B and type C is to be hightly polluted during the service period up to 2017 and that in type A is to be not. 5. The accidents The traffic on the highnay in the project is not to be heavy and the amount is to be no more than ten thousand trucks by 2020. Also, the average speed is not to be fast (40la/h in tbe mountain area). so the possibility of accident is small. Yet, the Iine goes in parallel with the river. part of the river is the water source for the villagers. So any leakage of prizon or accident on the line will maakeserious effects on the water.
-26- Table 3-7 Thetopographic lafc ns alng Xishng Yn-Lanien highway classiication No. Landmic star-end location start-end remarks A IB ICD
1 KU+000-KO+600 Yun Vaoshang
2 KO+600-K3+800 Daren Gou-Hujia Gou V
Hujm Gou-the eat to_ 3 K3+008-K5+600 Qsinng Pu the eas to Qinliug Pu 4 K5+600-K9+500 -Darnen Gou X.
Damen GoC - Guoja_ 5 K9+500-KIO+6SO Yuan
6 KX0+650-K12+050 GuoF3&fYwm - Liushu i ~~~~Gou
7 K12 050-K13+010 Liu ou - PutoType A the both side along the Goo Kin are widle. _ TycB: mesides wide whle the 8 K13+01O-K14+600 Puao Gou-Juicai Gou V other is wp Type C.ihe both sidesaaoseep.
JxicaiGou- Husb - Type D,the tnnel 9 K14+600-K1S-I- 60O
Husbu Gou - g__ _ Type Astakes up 24. 21X of the 10 K15-+600--K16±400 V .mWtB 2r8
O-KI11lsu8+600 Tgou Iu - TypeCBZO.149 I1 K16-l-400-K _ _ _ Type D,3. 25%
12 K1B+600-- Kl9+400 Xawa-awan V 1 13j K19400-K24+000 1Xiwa3M iMdian _ V
14 X24+000-K24+650 Xdnd Zi-HuipjaGou v
_ I ______
15 I K24+650-K34+000 Huiiai Gou - Shii j | |
16 K34+GOO-K4Z+900 Shiwazi liauSgShat n
17 TK42+900-K48+950jShtan-LuoliVi 1| | i |
3. 3. 2 The preventing means 1. For the accidents and water The effects on the living environment and soil at the sensitive spot made by the line are little. yet since the line goes parallel with the nver in the valley, the result of any accident will be more serious than imagined, so the following means has tc. be taken: - 27 - a. Strengthen the safety checks on the trucks and speeding and overtaking are to be put under strict control in bad weather, such as that of fog, rain and snow, to reduce accidents. The caklulatedPb accumulationin the soilalong Xiaoshang Table 3-8 Yuan-Lantianhighway during the serviceperiod distancefrom the centerof line area year remarks 20m 40m 60m 80sM lOOm
2005 20. 57 20.00 19. 77 19. 64 19. 55 2017 25. 68 23. 04 21. 05 21. 33 20.93 2005 21. 12 20.89 20.48 19. 83 19.54 background Value: Type B 17. 0 ppm 2017 30. 62 27. 20 25.27 22. 23 20.90 Standard,27. 02ppm 2005 23.62 22.07 Type C 2017 45.42 37.46
b. Emergent groups to treat dangerous goods and poison are to be trained to deal with the accidents instantly. (The groups are to be scattered to different parts along the line). c. Strengthen the administration on the trucks carrying changerons goods or prison. d. Anti-impact facilities are to be built on the bridges. The water from the bridges near the n-ater sources is to be led to the drainage ditches at the both ends of the bridge. e. -The rain water firm the line often makes the oil concentration of the water over the standard. so the outlet of the ditch at the end of the bridge is to be built 1 km downstream from the source after an agreement with the local government to protect the drinking water from being poUuted. 2. Comprehensive means Plant more trees to get a comprehensive result.
3. 4 The major environment effect of Siangzhang-Famen Temple highway and the preventing means.
3. 4. 1 The major effects on 1. The noise The calculatednoises at the sensitive spot in the area during the service time up to 2020 are listed in Table 3-9. No obvious effects can be seen from the table. 2. -The atmosphere The almospheric pollution in the area along the line during the service period up to 2020 is not to be over the standard and no obvious effects can be calculated.
- 28- The calculated aoess at the sensitivespots along Table 3-9 Jiangzhang-Famen Temple hiihway (2020) distnce noie levelleq CdB) ve ard (CB) No. landmark village to the preventingmn liun(m) dayy night day night
- Ko+300 ZhujiaVil 150 56.6 45.0 0 0
2 K2+200 HoujiaVil 150 56.6 45.0 0 0
3 K4+500. .uuji VD 30 65.6 50.3 0 a
4 K7+000 Fanji Vil 20 67.8 53.2 0 - O ana for D0gwei vilae to be talce 5 K8+300 DongweiVil 10 70.5 57.3 0.5 2.8 by the environment upervising 6 K1};l+800 AmbanVil 50 63.7 48.8 0 a depaitments
7 K13+100 Nangong Vil 50 63.7 43.8 0 0
8 K1s+000 Niuja vii 50 65.5 50.1 0 0
9 K15+800 Zhan_. VA 20 67.0 53.2 0 0
Nore: The noise valueslisted in the table indicatethose on the first row of buidings in the villagesalong the line
3. The soil The Pb accumulation in the soil near the line is calculated to reach 40.19 ppm during the service tine up to 2020, making the soil lightly polluted.
3. 4. 2 The preventing means The line is to make no obvious effects on the environrent. so no engineering means is neccesary. Still.strengthen the administration to control the speed and vehiecle gap to prevent any accidents from taking place. Also, plant more trees. especially along the part near Famen Temple to go with the spot.
3. 5 The major environmental effects of Jiangzhang-West Tangyu highway and the preventing means
3. S. 1 The major effects on 1. The noise The noises on the villages in the area along the line during th service period up to 2020 are listed in Table 3-10 and no obvious effects can be seen.
- 29 - The calculated noises at the sensitive pot along Table 3-10 Jiangzhang-West Tangyu highway (2020) diutnee noisc LeqCdB ovetandard (dB No ladmalA village ta the edge of the road(m) day night day night
1 K1+200 LoujiLZhuang 20 70.1 57.4 0.1 2.4
2 K7+000 GuaVZhai 100 58. 9 43. 7 0 0
3 K14+ 500 Shang etan Vil 30 65.4 S1.3 0
Note The noise level listed in the table indicates those on the first row of buildings in the villages along the line.
2. The atmosphere No;ae of the pollution on the both sides along the line during the service period up tp 2020 is over the standard and no obvious effect can be seen. 3. The soil The Pb accumulation in the soil near the line during the service period up to 2020 is calculated to reach 22. 5-29. 9ppra, making a hight pollution.
3. 5. 2 The preventing meaus Jiangzhang-West Tangyu second-class accommodation highway is to make no obvious effects on the area during the service period, so it is unneccessary to take any engineering means. Taking some defending means. Strengthen the safety facilities on Wei River Bridge and other bridges, plant more trees, especially along the part in Taibai National Forest Garden and inforce the safety checks.
3. 6 The major environmental effects of Jingia - Qin Terra-cdtta Museum highway and the preventing means
3. 6.1 The major effects on 1. The noise The line is calculated to make no obvious effects on the noise on the vfllages along the line during the service period up to 2020, which is basicallyto be up to the requirements for the areas of type 1 and type 2 stipulated by the National Standard GB 3096-93. 2. The atmosphere The polluting particles (CO. NO.)in the wasted gas are calculated to make only minute effects on the sensitive spots during the period, meeting the requirement. 3. The soi - 30 The Pb in the wasted gas is calculated to make no effect on the soil and crops along the line during the service period
3. 6. 2 The preventing means Basically, the line is calculated to make no harmful effects on the area during the service period. so it is unnecessary to take any engineering means. Yet to keep the scenery along the line, it is necessary to plant more trees, especiallyat the joiningpart in front of the Museum. Also, it is necessary to strengthen the safety administration and checks on the cars.
3. 7 The preventing means in general of the Highway Project ( ) during the service period
The preventing rmeansin general of the Highway Project ( I ) during the service period are listed in Table 3-11, which will reduce or minimize the environment effects. Engineering means are necessary, but the administration ones are very important, for instance, 'No Hornine signs are to be picketed along the school and hospital areas, advanced means are to be taken to carry out safety checks to control the speed and vehicle gap, especially in a bad weather, such as that of rain, fog or snow, examine the emissionof wasted gas and noise and keep the overstandard trucks from the line. The major engineering preventing means in general of Table 3-11 the project during the burinese period
itoh. grogndwater a*nophet. sil eanprehenaiw
?_ .ib ______
1. Re-egnk (fetsr houst 1. Umprovethe prnsm in 2 plwc .ImnXUnt. Plant 2. Ned. irs be bilUt 1. Plan mlre nwts moe tre on the via and oosa - t he*a Ditcb tater in no bilk. ZhbOXZ.1m.a Inforceo h -impct o be ed to 2. 11 podble. plnt 3. MAId til waound n dges ming ld mare tre. at the cheok,5;40X3m dircl a.saidue pat to 4.wood. bet 330Gmkbg by make blologcl 6.Or 'Wide V1
1. d.vjs leo are use of LToadm" m 1 - i D cd1.Two sd ainilcingpool, *pcold pi,tect,. wak Wbebt 6 pmanm 2.r vet ducp rudalgXHe reeervimir.onme Z. *a up enk pol at Wanrps He and pEtt the pinat werxidm 1200ml HaUf valUq r.pectivl 1. Plant zxrc ue. ausnmcmnt an the around ichi School, Z The water firm the 2. Ditch war is not both aides of the line. Tonghuan- HuangboTOWUhip mont. aideor lk he to be led o improe the md an Huganging .3. Resloa" the prnmry k to th 1 vlley. ning land widen tie trse bdlt in WINK& in th auella One totec niver. &cj. the mntin amd h;D2 ons heta rcnr g L . u i. bg abg the - -1d Walk. the valleybe rEinotad. 4. Set p amliderare for 4. Car-leaning spot be ibe iadanaaOrB!njeBau forbiddenin the valy Prmary ni-3 The major engineeringpreventing means in general of Continued Table 3-11 theproject durin the burineseperiod muss uanormmd water atnapltue, noll rcapmunnlve
1. Reinore the and- impact feelim oanthe bridge. ad on the midas facing riers along the liCne. 2. The lctions dt the 1. PIlnt moretres drainage by the lIne be 2 Ditch waterin not Plnt mno.e t on tDDshang-Landtn ialked owe with the to be led to both ude of the llne or local gominmena. fndng laud the hills ulfeed. 3J Water fIron the bridgu dirtly cloe to water omr Is to be led to the dftches. 4. Cmr-almening qmta be forbiddenIn the vaaUeys
1. Reinforcethe anti-nmpact Plant TMpe aw i jitngzhiLng-Famen fophiUteon the bridges * abaf Fmn Tempb *wb
1. Reinforcethe ad-impact tacliti en bridga jangT1hang- West pespcallythaet on Weiv b Plant more tree in Tangyu, River bridg. - Tbial Foret Garden t. Costed the location of ditchs
Yinuis-Qin Pln t ore tre at the Mumeun a above joint of Qk, mum
Notes:l. The size of the sinking pool is designed to a five-year utility as a specialproject. 2. Part of the means is designedalready and the rest is to be completedduring the engineering.
-32- 4 The Major Enviromental Effects of the Project during the Service Period and the Preventing Means
4. 1 On the relics and historic sites and the preventingmeans
Based on the materialsprovided by Shaanxi ArcheologyInstitute,the main relics and historic*sites in the area the highwaysin Project CA ) are to be built are listed in Table 2-5. Since there is a variety of relicsand historic sites, Shaanxi Traffic Departmentand Shaanuxi Highway Prospectof Design Institute are well experiencedin protectingrelics and historic sites. All the lines in ProjectCI ) basicallymake way for the major relicsand historic sites along them. 1. The nationalmajor relics, such as the Mausoleumof EmperorQin and the terta- cotta pits9 are lkm and 700m from the Jingjia- Qin Museumhighway respectively, so the constructionwill make no effectson them. 2. The edge of Huangling(the Eouperor'sTomb) area is over200m from Tongchuan- Huanglinghighway, so no effect willbe broughtto it. 3. The provincialhistoric site- Nansha Remains and the county sites- LianglaoBu Remains,Jianjia Yao Remainsand Quanhu VillageRemains are a little far from Weinan- Tongguanhighway, so no effectswill be broughtto them. 4. The directlyeffected relics and historic sites and the preventingmeans are listed in Table 4-1. The constructionsof the highwaygoing through the related sites have been approvedby the concerneddepartments. The followingadministration means are to be taken: a. A relicssupervision organization of specialistsis to be formed. b. The engineeringwill be carriedout to Item 21 ,ShaanXiRelics Protection Stipulations and all the relicsare to be unearthed, cleanedand protectedbefore the engirmtring. The project(including the expenses)is to made by the ProvincialArcheology Institute. c. The discoveryof any relicsduring the engineeringis to be treated to Item 23. Shaanxi ReLicsProtection Stipulations. Any discoveryis to stop the engineeringinstantly and the relics protection specialitsbe invited to the spot to have the relics reported to the reldive provincial, municipaland countyadministration organizations and protectedto the relativerequirements.
-33- The directly effectedrelics and historicsites along Table 4-1 the highway and the preventingmeans
highway hictoric grade preventingmeans
the ancientcity The line gOesthrough the city from west to east. Meaning wafl ol Tong- provincial 1. Reseorethe eat gatt. Torgguan guan 2. The aesttown wallwill be excavatedbeinre the eotrmlon starts.
1.Yaozhou The line goes throughthe remainswith the radial highway. Kiln Remains The remains%was unebrthed and cleaned (1991 to 1992) when the K82+ 500- radial highway was under construction andthe rdics protected. K86+ 000 Prmently, the abovework is to be reinforcedbefore the engineerng.
Tongchuan - Huangling The line gots throughthe remains. 2.Wangjia He 1. Unearthingand clening are to bedoe beforethe engineeingby the Remains povincial Ptovincal Archeologylustitute. Ren ns pro0m0l 2. Feasibleprotecting means are to be taken,The rdicswe to be stored by the provincialrelics units or left on the spot. A bridge is suggestedto be built.
AnbanXzahe liangzhang- Vilage Rernains TIe ine goesthrough the remains. FTnen FalisViLge county The meansare the samefor WangjiaHe Remains. K10+800
liangzhang- LouiZ ViDfge The line goes throughthe remains. WVestWestT5ITangyuRemains II +300 county The meansare as the above.
Jiegoat RemainstQinCuture in The line near throughthe remains. Mu7eumcotaCBoY Themeas are as the above
4. 2 The protection of the living environment, the ecologic environment and the soil dring the engineering and the preventing means.
The enviromentaleffects during the engineeringlast for a short time. but the preventing means are necessary.
4. 2. 1 The preventingmeans There are well formed stipulationand techniquesfor the protectionof living and ecologic environmentduring the engineeringof national and provincialhighways in our province. The preventingmeans for the engineeringof the highwaysin the Project ( I ) are listedin Table 4 -2
-34- The main enviromental effects during Table 4-2 the construction period and the preventing means
No. effecton preventingrneans
1. Controlthe operatingtime from 22 00to C.00 next morning. In the part closeto school's the 1nOIse time is to be negotiatedwith the leadersof the schools.2. The machiney of low noiseis to be used
1. The operningsites, includingthe materil mixtingplots and road for transport, are to be 2 dust sprinkiedregularly. 2. The line and powder coal trutck are to be filed half whie operatingand coveredor have the materialsbegged firt. 3. Shortenthe pilng time of earth blime and powder coal.
pitch 1. The pitch mitxemare to be located500m downwa.d beyondthe sensitivespots. smog 2. Cornpletelysealed mixers up to the standard ar to be used.
1. The used water. rubbish and wastesfretn the livingquater of worlersare to be treated in the centralizedspots. 2. The pilingpklts of pitch, bime and powdercoal are to be far from the riven, wellsand resawoirsand be coveredup with waterproofmaterials in rminy days. All the engineerin wastes are to be cleanedwhen the operationis finished. 3. No engineeringmachinery or tools are 4 water allowed to e washed or cleaned in the drinldng or inrigation water sources (including the undergroundsources). No wastedegneering or liing water is allowedto be pured into the above sour. 4. Minimizethe pouring-o used water mixed with mud and sand into the riva while the bese of a bridge is under construction. No pollutingiaterials, such -swasted macine oil, is allowedto be pouredinto the water.
1. Minimizecutting down the trees beyoudthe bae of thc highway. No trees beyoudthe ae of the line are tllowedto be cut. The damaged woods or graSSduing the engineering are to be naored when the operationis finished. The opes alongthe line are to be plnted timely. 2. rniy plnt vegetatio th eoperation-used land with trees accordingto the requirementsfor the atter phase of highway and soil engineering.3. r tow u machineryoperation to cut the mountains.Bombing is not allowedin slopenes. In addition retainingwalls are to be built before cuttingsopes and the movedearth is not allowedto be sprd over the ae to damagethe farmingland. 4. ConstvctionWastes shouldbe pied in one placeand fiat it wben the constructionends.
1. Try to keep the bowed ancdfilng earth balanced to reducethe borowed and wasted eath. 2. After earth is borrowedfrom farming land or dry land. the land is to be evenedand farmed timely. After beingborrowed .tterce or billy lnd is to be evenedand farmedor plinted with trees. eath No naked land is alowed to be left o'er. 3. After beingborrowed low-lying land is to be covered rcsoure up with soil and evened and farmed. The wasted earth piled in valleys is to be picketed with retainingdams with drainageditles dug. 4. Try to minimizethe temporaryused land during the operationand when the operationis finished, the land is to be cleanedand restoredto farning timely.
1. Controlthe tranport tine of the coustnction materialsfor the operation.Reduce or stopit at night or in the rusb hours to reduce noise. stmosphericpolution and taffic accideats. 2. The 7 roads ,tr6 carryingrock, earth or sand are not allowedto be over-lamdedto preventthe materils from spreadingalong. 3. Duringtde operation. the present rmds are to be paid for it. they are to be repairedif they re damaged.
irrigation Te pstion over the bridgesor clWvermfor irrigationis to be caried out winter to mike sure that 8 facilities irrigationor flooddrawing is notto be effected.
1. Safetyguards ae to be picketed around the operationsite to be in charge of the safety of the passingpeople and trucs 2. Fire oitonnarsre to be picketed rond the oeation ares in forests ormountans. The livingquarters ae not allowedto be locate! in foret 3. Huge scle operaion areas, suchas of tunnel digginganl slopecutting, are to be forbiddenares.
-35- 4. 2. 2 Special preventing means Shaanxi Highway project -) doesn't include the 6 highway projects in the different areas. During the construction period, basides the measures mentioned above, the foliwing ones will be taken in the special circumstances. 1. The protecting means for the quality bf the water Xi He (River) along Tongehuan- Huangling highway. Before cutting the oess terraces and slopes, retainmg walls have to.beimde to protect the quality of the water and prevent the river from being blocked with mud. To assure the convergence in the river, interception ditches, divergent chutes and hidden tubes have to be built simultaneously with the engineering. The sections of the interception ditches and the intervals between the divergent chutes and hidden tubes (see Figure 4-1) shall be specially designed.
X F" - vjleCyt. F.?
Figure 4-1 A sketch of the convergence along the river
2. The preventing means for the landslides in the valley area along Tongehuan - Huangling highway The are several landslides areas in the valley along the line. A through surey has -to be done before relative preventing means are made for the opertion. 3. The road and environment protections in Qin Terra - cotta Horses and Warriors Museum area. a. The trucks carrying construction materials for the engineering of Yingjia- Qin Museuimhighway are not allowed to go on [iu-Ma highway (from Lintong to Ma'en Town, going through the Qin Mausoleum and the Qin Terra - cotta Museum area during the busy
- 36 - tourist seasons to reduce the noise, dust and traffic jams. b. The trucks carrying earth ,rock, sand and lime are not allowed to go on Lin -Ma highway to reduce dust. 4. The treatment of the wasted rock bits along Xiaoshang Yuan-Lantian highway. The line lies in the mountains, where there is little earth, but a lot of rock bits. There are about are 11 waste and stone fields along theline, to tally 695,434 mr,taking up 265. 08mu (see Appendix 4), the majonrtyof which are on the two sides of the line to be built. To protect the soil from being washed away, the bits are to be piled after the related retaining walls are built. When the engineering is finished, the bits shall be covered up with earth instantly and restored to fanning or planted with trees or grass. None of the bits are allowed to be left over naked. 5. The river course protection along Xiaoshang Yuan-Lantion highway The line goes parallel with the river course. To meet the need of the engineering, the river course is to be moved or widened at nine places. totally 1950 m long. To assure fluent flood discharge. prevent soil loss and protect the quality of water, realistic and effective protecting means are to be taken, going with tree planting operation to increase the water absorption of the soil. The designers, engineers and administrators have to co-operate to assure the quality of the engineering.
-37- 5 Statistics of the Land Requistion and Re-settlement of and the Public involvement in the Project
5. 1 Statisticsof the taken land and re-settlement of the Project
The landrequisition of the projectmakes little effectson the averagefarmland per head alongthe line. For instance,along Jingiia-Qin Museumsecond-cls accommodationline, averagereduction of land will be 0. 0026mu/head (in general, the longerthe line, the less the decrease),so the land-taking of the linewill make no obviouseffects on the farmingand the farmers'life. What the peoplein villagesalong the lines concernthe most is the taken land, re- allocations,traffic and the constructionof irrigationsystem and calvertchutes. Though enoughattention has been givento the aboveproblems (see Table5 -3), land-taling and re-allocationsare not avoidable. For the land requisited, re-allocationsand relative compensations9 see Table 5-la and 5-lb. Table 5-la Statisticsof Land Requisitionand Resettlement
lhwmdecohizi hfluuc IWine c the aweu6st jilsw lnan,wu1t&u infuen
iE _~~__ - - atoi p'tped highway mat ae nmnber (MR) JIOaflU reoxnam afreoxe(R
W64Ton 30774 233 11I1 17030 7 138 6093.76 1018 4398 6578
Tcug-HaagGudag U16158 135 573 23970 V 4 1392 5376 909 1146 6121 ya*Coy San)
LA-Lao 8923.3 83 377 881.33 361 1771. 2141
rmag-ra Tun-Tmu 1ow 6 30 940 2 316 1314 257 1Z53 1609
JIn-Qiu 661 5 23 I 22h7n Lo 53? 560 Tota 562 467 2154 1494O0 23 i 12156 196fl.3 2635 U70 161;7
5. 2 the public participation and an analysis on the investigations
5. 2. 1 Statistcs of publicparticpation and investigations Through investigationhave been made on the individualsand admimistrtion units effectedin the areasalong the lines, especiallythose who are to be re-allocatedto get their poinionsabout the lines, especiallythose who are to be re-settlet to get -theiropuiions about - 38- the construction of the lines. About 1,100 people have been investigated. 847 of whom have filled the Poll on the line and 726 forms have been turmed in. Based on those forms. the statistics of the public opinions about the lines is listed in Table 5-2. Table 5-lb CompensadonStatistics of LandReqisition and Resetlement
pr~oposdighway Jiang-Fa Jima- 3ighwayWei-Tong Tong-Huan Xiao-Lan - i Total .Jiang-Tazig Qlin mucum comn sat;On ite_n land CX 10 Yuan) 5238.408 2506. 825 506.870 1446.388 280. 470 9978. 961
land resettlDement( X 10' 3422.652 1671.211 285.320 942.590 169.380 6491.143
house(X 10' yuan) 764.890 432.145 183. 920 24. 520 20. 610 1408.085
'her strueres CX 10' _X.._ other tI~CtlfeI X 111.330 402. 784 451. 810 325.990 25,340 2324.254 yumn)
entcrprisecXlO4 yun) 1525.400 2038.200 35.800 3599.400 mnigraton(X 10' yuan) 819. 840 1128.36 41.500 S.50 25.000 2023. 200' total(XlO'yuan) 12871.52 8179.53 1469.42 2783.79 520.80 25825.06
1996 1999 2000 1996 1996 implernn«taltin yea | -1999 -2000 -1998 -1998 -1997
Table 5-2 Thepublic pamacipation and invesigamte public opinions on the lines
No highœgayon the ouetctionC%) on Rewttenment&land (Y)
No highwy tea peopie no have pro con unclear undear ______objeodon ob>jecoion
I Wei-Tong 145 93.0 6.0 0 90
2 Tong-HUAng 2d 88. 0 3.0 8.0 96.0
3 uXiashang-LantiLn106 86.0 9.0 5.0 79
4 Ang-Fa 57 8C.0 20 96.0
5 Jiang-Wes Tangyu 52 88. 0 98.0
6 Jile 46 95.6 4.3 0 87.0 4.3 8.7 -cott_ useum I I I I It can be seen from the table that the public agrees and supports the construction for the benefit it brings to the development of the econmy in the area and the improvement of the people's life. The majority of the people (85% to 98%) have no objections to taldng the land and resettlement. saying they are wiling to make some sacrifice for the national interest. About 10o of the people inventigated say they are willng to have their houses demolished if they can get the compensation and be resettlement while only a few (about 3 %) object to the engineering, so patient persuasion is to be done to them.
_ 39 - 5. 2. 2 The treatment of the public opinions a. The Highway Design l.ustitute has listened to the public opinions and modified the design and engineering plans of the project. For intanc, more passages and over -line bridges are added, relief roads are laid out in addition and the locations of some lines are adjusted to reduce the resettlement. b. A plan of taken land and resettlement has been composed to make sure that no harm will be done to the people's interests and their living condition and the compensation for the taken land and resettlement are paid at the right time. c. According to the opinions of the leaders of tbe related schools, the outer corridor of the classroom building in Nichi Mid School is to be sealed to keep of off the noise from Yao- Tong first-elass highway(see Tble 3-13)uand the location of Tong-Huang highway has been moved to the east to Wangjia He to prevent the school,hospital and in habitant from being intermpted by the noise. d. Further on -the -spot investigations on the reservoir in Xi He valley have been done by the Highway Design Institute and the original location of the line On the rather steep slope on the west side of the reservoir has been moved to the fairly plain slbpe on the east side, about 200m from the reservoir to reduce the soil loss and protect the quality of water(see Table 4-1). e. The public opinions are to be met gradually during the farther designs, engineering and service in the future. A list of the passages, intricate sysems and culverts Table5- 3 alongtid highwaysto be built
HIghwa Weinmn Taoehunn XIomhang Jigzhang Ywhang rRga
TonwOn Huanglig Lanian Famen West Tangu Qin MuNum
length (kim) 78.14 n. 31 48 28 20.09 15.69 5.90
Passage 178 65 16 14 10 5
Over-line brdge 1
Thge 6 11 1
Gnade-cro.hg 36 7 2 4(6) 2C4' 4(2)
Culvert 164 202 116 44 37 15 Traic (pcss/ 2.80 1.20 1.20 1.10 1.90
Notes:1. The numbein ( )indicatesthe horizontalintersectionCs). 2. The statistc numbersin the table might be changedin the design. 3.. The culverts are primarily used for irrigation.
- 40 6 The Environment Monitoring Plan of the Project
6. 1 Envronment MonitoringPlan during the pre-engineeringperiod
Environmentmonitoring plan during the pre-engneeringand phaseof the projectis listed in Table 6-1. The detai of the pre-engineeringphase Table 6-1 environmentmonitoring plan
FbUC F-d&PuM7 xtody NDmpPh
ww_q md- =pUit Dmqt
High a ______LSmr2
2cm 1. fusThieru.wl Deipn In Pli pratmr rm HPDI Alido aOWD Comminindu indeign 31M 4.Pwin&I in d 1. winn-Tanuuan Tmdu 2. Tag-Hvn D2ment
L r______E 1.Cl 1=6mmcI h Hay(DID LPdbi.daatIl. Moot EPBm?1 P eg SCM EIA tLmh. LEPdIke HYDeanit LS?C 1 4.1pmicpB 4.PEF Bueau amI)
4. Jianh-Fame l W din 2.51. 5- Trgaq- w a _ D Tau Epk MD mP.Pm H?IUDI 2.51 3IPEPE
fk H2DI cie SR;.ED v nins HFDI ~~~L P1D
Emi XI I PEPB,PTD din_BP HYD __
6, 2 The engineeringphase environmentmonitoring plan of the project
The monitoring items. factors, frequencies and arganization in the engineering phase of the project are listed in Table 6-2. For the sensitive and monitoring spots during -41- construction, see drawing 1 to 6 in Appendixes respectively. Table 6-2 Theenvironment monitoring pl inthe engi ingphase of the poject
__ ,oekonngit item ppdnoive saper gound watera
highway pged nmcod.rwu _ittn . aL au nitaringaitnau Jar EOfluthlfgnoiwnu Unit bigh-y cosuuetion dusi TSP tmporatme PH
Weinma- TW uan V V V v' Sept1996Oct.1999
Tongebuan- / V v V Oct 1996-Apr. 2000 Huanging miver)
MAsC v V (dcinng water) JIly 1996-Dec. 1998
.rmwzb-g- V v V V Sept 1996-Apr.1998 Famensi 1. Nouie iiation Timgzhanggu ,v J V) r Sept 1996-Apr. 1998 an Jaddswbr West Tangp (TW)igguriver) 'be m,onkuredby the supenidon engineer jiniaTWH in the bidmction tacn v V J 1996-1*. 1997 L2. TSP and water qu.tywi be 3.Nise,one day a week. tro-tires tim a dayt at anytime monaiwr by aeviroent
2- vlibtion, at the beinng of t'e conmsuimcone day a week, Z-3 timesa day, later monaiM PO* oi mte a at anytime; at any the Rtpervisong adw
The monitoring 3.Iig duat at rbegiuing f tbe curuion teever 3 d in the En 10 dys; fruiey laer out every 10 days and rqmrnents __ of al the 4. IP 24 times a yen. 3 cuotinus days * h fac. m 4tpigties dar
S. ground war: 3 times a year 2 omunosw days each; one mouthe orcotuction me* , the hackgud valhponce
Notesd. V'%imflcates the moaced items 2Z Duringthe CZiOflhonoe lecwlsshoud go with smadad GBiS-9.
6. 3 The environment monitoring plan of the project during the service period
The monitoring items,factors, frequencies and organization during the service.period of the project are listed in Table 6-3. For the sensitive and monitoring spots, see drawing I to 6 in Appendixes respectively.
- 42- Table 6-3 The environment monitoring plan of the project during the service period
beaianfd fupec Ta TeeN.- yM I r J,, _- 1 qu' Nuajng -Lain FanmT7pp -Vii To QaVMS m
eilc wahed 9 V V_ t GESOB-93 (4 V = = at~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~oSlwazi cuZ (f lint hospia 9 / ______Trmaaspond
,1eu) wil4e9 9 '/ ' / 9 Dqatnt ima4
awmphbcNa GB3095-82 {twke a 0 v v vv . z co 9 9/ diSCLUiIS I ISP 9 9 9 9 9 9
ground wite COD. 9 9asabt chimi- .(twiceaC ODD- Vtr - dwC I
seay) a
(on ) PbCO.CH.lEV asaL bCkp,sdi
b - iIE Di9 1S19 1 _ aSaWov20DtOI_ s | ~~~~-201-20M -z0ln -=1:a -202 -02
Notesa I. Environment noise monitoring should be done twice a day: dayt irad hi.hiime; 2. Atmospheric rnonitoring should be dine for 5 contiuouosdays, samnpling4 times a day S. Vehicle tail gas monitoring be done at any, nme eould 4. Grounp water smould dine for 2 containues daysf
- 43 7 Environment Protection Inplementation Agencies and Estimation of Cost of Project
7. 1 Environmental Protection Agenciesand Their Functions
7.1. 1 EnvironmentalProtection Agencies during the ConstructionPeriod The environmentalprotection implementation agencies of ShaanxiHighway ProjectC I) are listedin Fig 7-1. The functionsof all levelsof the agenciesare as follows. 1. The chief supervisionEngineer office (See Fig 7-1): One of the chief supervision engineersis in chargeof the decision-makingfor environmentof the project(I ). 2. Three divisionsand one centraltest center are subordinateto the chief supervision engineeroffice. One of the divisionsis the Environent Division.in whichthere shouldbe one high-ranked environmentofficial and one .cpert an environment.They are responsible for the environmentsupervision work and divectlylead the environmentsupervision people on the bid sectionof J-T Highway. The centraltest centreis madeup of 5 people,who are in chargeof the TSP and water qualitymonitoring on all the bid sectionsof the Project(1 ). 3. In each officeof the Project. one well-educated personon environmentwill direct other evironment monitoringpersonnel's work on diffenentbid sections. 4. on each bid section, one environmentsupervision person is resporsiblefor the environment in the whole course of the construction, and conducts regular monitoring for noise, vibrationand fallingdust so as to ensurethe implementationof all the measureslisted in the constructionbid manuand in the environmentaction plan.
7.1. 2 EnvironmentProtection Agencies during the ServicePeriod The environmentadministrtive work during serviceperiod will be in the chargeof the environmentprotection office of ShaawxiTransportation Department. The agenciesare listed in Fig 7-2 and their functionsand structuresare as foUows: 1. The environmentprotection office of ShaanxiTransportation Department is composed of 3 people. Its work is to direct the -workof the provincialenvironment management (includingthis project), to make annual envirornent monitoringplans and protection measures,and to draw up rules and regulationsfor highwayenvironment protection. 2. ShaanxiHigh - grade HighwayAdministration Bureau is in chargeof the highway environmentadministration work for highwayssuch as Wei-Tong, Tong-Huang, Jiang- Fa, Jiang-Tang and Jing-Qing. One of the bureau'sheads is responsiblefor environment protectionwork and one of the administrationdivision leaders deals with the routinework. Shaanxi High - grade HighwayAdministration Bureau has its three administrative - 44 - divisions of Xian-Tongguan, Xian-Huangling and Xian-Baoji, In each division one of the leaders assumes part-time work for the environment protection in its section, and also helps the personnel from environment monitoring office of Shaanxi Transportation Department with their work. 3. Shaanxi Highway Bureau is responsible for the environment management work of provincoal trunk bighways and the second - class highway from Lantian - Xiaoshangyuan. One of the bureau's heads takes the responsibility for environment protection work and one bead of the highway maintenance division deals with the daily routine. Xian Highway Management District and Shangluo Highway Management District should each have one of its district leaders be in charge of the environment protection work. Their subordinate divisons(Lantian-Xiaoshangyuan Highway Management Division and Shangzhou Highway Management Division) should assign one of its heads for the daily environment protection work and also offer their help for the regular work conducted by enviromnent monitoring office of Shaanxi Transportation Department. 4. Shaanxi Transportation Department should set up its environment assessment office (composed of 10 people): under the leadership of the environment protection office of STD and in the direction of Shaanxi Environment Protection Bureau. This office can conduct regular monitoring work of all the highway projects during their service period.
7. 2 Environment Protection Facilities Allocation
7. 2. 1 tEquipmentAllocation in the Central Test Lab T'he environment monitoring group of the central test lab carries out the monitoring work for TSP and water quality on different bid sections during the construction period. The monitoring work for atmosphere, nise water quality and vehicle tail gas during the service period will be done by the envirornment monitoring office of Shaanxi Transportation Department. The equipment necessary for the work is listed in Table 7-1.
7.2.2 Equipment Alocation for Field Test Lab The field test lab will conduct the monitoring work for faling dust, noise and vibration on the bid section. It will direcly undertake the work for the environment protection in its secton and implement the protective measuireslisted in the environment protection action plan Simple testing devices such as acoustic level meter, and accecerameter should be allocated(see table 7-1).
7. 3 Environment Protection Personnel Training
1. The chief supervision engineer in charge of the environment policymaking in the chief supervision office of the ProjectC I ) the high-ranked environment officials and experts in the office will be sent abroad to attend the highway environrnent management seminar and -45 - inspect the environment projects and management for 3-4 weeks. 2. The environment experts from the chief supervision engineer office, the personnel in charge of environment in the project offices and people in involved in designing, planning and management will receive 1-2 months training at home in environment knowledge, and 2-3 people can be selected from them to have a 2-3 month study abroad. 3. All the environment supervision and monitoring personnel of this project will receive one month training in Xian to learn something about laws, regulations, and other basic knowledge concerning environment protection, to master the general methods of environment monitoring and daily data processing. Table 7-1 A List for EnvironmentMonitoring Equipment of Project(I)
NO. equipmentnamne model price C10)yman numbelr I ) notes .~~~~~~~~~~~~~ . 0yu 1 BOD testing equipment 0.5 1 0.5
2 COD testing meter MACH 0.7 1 0.7 imported 3 ultraviolet spectrophoto mewe WF2900-D4 6. 2 1 6. 2 4 TSP sampler KBI-IZE 0.35 6 2.1 5 atmcopbereu.mpkr HB-2 0. 35 6 2.1 6 CO testing meter KLS-401 3.0 1 3.0 7 atomic absorption meter IFZBZ 1Z.0 1 12.0 s Souna levelmeter B&.K2221 2.5 2 5.0 imported 9 Sound level rAeter HS 5670 a.5 17 8.5 10 aytic blance (1/10') TQ328A. 0.6 2 1.22 11 vibration signal analytic meter B&K 3513 16.0 1 16.0 imported 12 asic=a mcrer 1.5 17 25.5 imported 13 monitoringvehidle 20.00 2 40. 0 imported 14 fail gas monitoring equipmett 20.0 1 20. 0 imported 15 asIlingdust monitoring equipment 0. as 17 0.85 16 computers and tBeir accessories AST-486 3.0 1 3.0 =Total , 76 146.S65
7. 4 Estimation for Environment Protection Budget
The estimation of the environment protection budget of Shaanxi Highway Project (1 ) is listed in Table 7-2.
- 46 - Table 2-6 Teinspected effects the highways tobe built on the sound, atnosphere adwater in the areas _ _ _ _ highway ~~~~~~W.on-Tmchv&nn- Xianhasrg- rnngulso- Jiengzaing- SingJia-Qin unodwrd Teeggaon Huatisg Lede Ynt WontTeept Mains
Jeneralip < 60 dB Kg? - KlS generally < soaB XOV-fl63<5DdB K-S-Sd night Hue. PuBhiC 1545 Chuankon.OdaiieMt. <50&5 <4511 3 -4d K3-K2rC4OdB Id -iEe cen Itunyn to 6145 <5545K-5<4d 5d J.qKS? - C :153. dley MXC.DB -I SSdBE pent cmatiom fW Heycn td theCn. gtniy? TI ineu. e fine finSedB mom f city. . bit pow Cbneek.., .b.ow .. . O.a Dd onCer.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~o 1.00O-9.36B dty polntion one 0.002-0.22z2 no-O.ieS 0. 024-0.0035 0. 01-0. 11 0.02-0.11 0. 003-0.126 Lun5g/MN. o lO O .K97 - . IC (n.e/fIn') ~~~perdy 0. 005-0.095 no-0t07 0.025-0.044 0.03-0.06 0. 02-0. 06 0. 015-0.0D64 e.lOg/4.e once0.26-2.56 0.059-2.32 0.01-6.23 0.14-0.45 0.10-0.45 0.037-1. 106 L OOng/Not' bit hie,t- ooapeodlhg d.I 6.00 [-4.0-20.5 fluoride en i.0 0.2 p T5P dc D.OS 3<2 Y - Z. I1 5 n. perd y| G7L11-.S 0.05 1-0.40.3 1______0.16-L13______0.30 0.002F&0.011 . - No es pH 3.3 7.6-8.3 .5-6. N oni pt d I jutos.dandd I rntnded Nwf.h.u.d. o PH-de not the of te u at pt d -17-- IIIndH'..qPajetC I ) c ei .imou Faaiuw Ulic. CM idea,. 3 Axhi .5nj (hdn-._g ae in clr ef n- .ia. .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i _I.bnnn . 1.ba. dth TTeIXvic - CZ G=siia th Ompam CZ. P-00e) ~~~~(5pw Tcn- liiangj y 1 iafi F- p- WW. Thg HO N.P:_ Pi .1: (MNia C _ee .Nv (*'.E | 1Io Bd } =6f i*ai H45=6.. NL3HaSed- Na. NOL13 Bd dl N 9 BaEdm NOL27 Ha Seed(4 d ai. NO.14 n 1 N*.s ffd Seed NOL15 HadS;i l16 7- T toinmP Fig 7-1 The Structureof EnvaronmentProtecton Agenciesof ShaancI-Highw,ayProject(C I)during the Constuction PeriodI -47- EP fice o STD(3 pwOFe) | F-ltmngi oSFfice Cbainrtn dauCntin.Serviee of SID tlO opw*) 9nxiu Higway, Bmres Divislon of S3B SEIEAB Come head Sbaldj zghwa (eoiebeald in chre of EP) Ccn divismnbed in charge of 1P) Abminismdve Division Ccccharge head of EN')in(camin d of EP) (one hmd in charge f EP) Ad1 nistam Divha |nnsrwtv Diiso Adii r Diio Add*trfv Di' o (Oce bald in charge 0[EP) (One parmil EP toDe w=lme EP (one Pulrim EP 1iang- Fa ci nW Tong Fig 7-2 The Structure of Environment Protection Agenaes of Shaanxi Highway Project (I) durifg the Service Period -48- Appendix 1 Themajor EAR of theSghway Project ShaanxiProvince item EAP taken or to be taken peformer montior A.DesignPbme (i Comparethe projea to reduce the land to be tken, noise and atmnophericpolltion. Atoid the lnd Olpoor quity and rec renina 1. Lnedioke (Z)Bad on thc aboverelts adjut the locaionso z. bbebgt designedenough pouges, intersections.gade-crcsings. and ovr - _. blockage bridgelines. (mee TaUl 5-3). 3. so ID.lsabilitY of protect the slops and plant tree, act up reaining wAill treat the slopes mubgVde andfeet of ct ehute properlyand d'sigp the drinage syte we! Provincial 4. dust pitch smog of Chooe the locationsof the nsteriMland pitch mixing sies toSep the ]lghway asphak sesitive spots rorm being elffSed Dem FM Treat and drainthe water [romboth the livingqusrters s the worker. l- tcto 5. water polltion the operation aieaCe Table 4-Z). deal the water from the lines intD the f ditches (see Table 3-11) 6. noise Resett (to the engineriug),set up noisesrees and etainingwalls and 8. rax plant trees (se Chapter 3 table 3-1a, 3-lb and 3-4) 7. tree-planting Strengthn the project(see Table 3-11) S. flood and irrigation Tbe quamity, aizesand locationsof thx eulet havCbeen designed (see cilities Table 5 -3). | B.EngiuiezirJPhse 3 See No. I in Table4-2 1. noi1 2 dun1 SeeNo. 2inTabk4-2 3. water pollion See No.4 in Table4-Z contractor PH 4. te-plnting See No. 5 in Table 4-2 5. ribh source See No. in Table4-2 proteion 6. pitchameg See No. S.Talle 4-2 7. Effect on existing See No. 7. Table4-Z Payspecial ention tothe highway controlovr the part from Tinu to Qin M use, eetc in 4. Z. 2 PM concractor B. flood, irrigation See No. 8,Tabke 4-2 faclities g. fe See No.9 'able 4-2 I D. rdeis For the relatedreli remain and protectingmeanS. we Tabe 4-1 ReAoPrch I______.lusitute _EPB C serviceperiod EngineeringmneaD5 re to be taken Bas on the mmmiwvedresults, see E1! office of 1. noise Tl PIID 2. water poutior See Table 3-11 for the aciaents preventingmeans item - 50 - Continued A pendix 1 Themajor EAP of the HghwayPmject (I), Shanux Province item EAP taien or to be taken perforer monitor 3. adimatinanManageme-n-t the neksii amcezed accooring to the relative acts and 3 tadmiution an tipulationbor the t port of chenmi. poiaon and &nros goods. hSpor _sdContrtbe speed anditmhiar eP_ 4. on ncks Strengthenthe text of pollution.Keepthe cr-sandard tnuck from the ir oWn 4. on trucks lnee The Ste gm i3to be toted at the fee co1eectionstaions. f SEofD 5. on roads Keepthe traffricsooth PHHAB 6. otheen Contrcltie buildingso3 the both side of highwayby the trafic noise envinment D EMviUnmeat . division of Sec drawing1 to 6 in appendixes,Table 6-2 Ch)dth r 1. in engineering eng H Pb ntfi, 2. in 9s=e4ephae Ste drawingI to 6 it Apypendzs Table 6-3 E. ofic o Table 7-2 Estimation for Environment Protection CDst of the Project( I) llrs-Toxl Tr-rli F464 r=ql-fSOW&qLi Jmio-F.m.3" F wr h ls' - m F.A-UM[o __ - __~~O,T u---(------hI( I1W_B QTJ ' QTr't pa) QIT , ( l QTQy_ 44 IL. I0e LM LU LU LU 34 Sm&1U 44k a&.Plftk 14.00 .2 Loa LO LUl L5I i Wi SLOs ZKY 2LX a LO [ LX Ld m0m=5*K 35M0 = 2400200Ll = N 1"=LLUL2U4 = 4 = . L 7.ee. IM ItlML3L SO 4 gn- ~~ ~ ~ ~ tit S - 1m ,1t14.00p 104.U1 m aU o KL.A . .6.U .i lti-Cd. Bi =1 == == = IL i 254 14...50i_i IL I _ ' 11=1A"i. im MU | ni. ILG2| liiklls I | LJ|I I S T - __ _ I_ _. SLOD ~ tH41.00 02.14 31. 1120 i m PM IL _ ___t: HidJ142.50j1130 ILK £25 _ IL n.Wq L4 3wg ,~ PTD |2LrEi- | -| SG-| pele1 l W[XI0IXM) | Ml41 E-N I - 49 - Drawing 1 Location plan fo the suseeptive spots of envir ent and monitoring spots along weinan-Tongguan Expressway 52 - i~~~~~~ a~ Drawing -2-n Location plan for the susceptive spots of environiient an(I monitoring spots aloing TongehuannIuluangling First class Highiway >3 7-' . ,. " .; '' i. ~~~~~'?. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~mi-in -tmt.T'.sWuu Drawing 2-b Location plan for_the susceptive spots of environmnentand monitoring spots along Yao county-Tongmua*n FIst class ighway | Drain 2bla octinfr hesucetie pos f nvromet ndmoitrig pos log aocomt-Tnghun irt las4igw- - l:::~~~~~E s t~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~N -6t~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~W W 0 D t;0 70>00: fE00 tl t f 0 0 00 fbw U HS~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ii2X towafwom-I (duS-1:.i mm)-;- t|t>---1:;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ lvX~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Rl rArn m(w- w-T VI O"AGjC..bdI_T1.0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ _Y7 :j- _ - /~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :/ /: -~~~~~~~~~~~ ne =; mmO ..- , \~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.Pi ' / \~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - 8 .:'. Drawing6Location plan for the susceptive spots of el '.- ,frt'\ '. , '< ,_., ~~alongJinjia-Terracotta Warriors and Horse MntseumSe: VIA~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~V it .4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I I A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ur *.. / * ~ I.F~ I. w).i*.~ ~ '~~ U .&.-a a, * 54 ,4~~~~~~].MI P Fx-± S.; - 9 X;!J,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i it -t.--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- .~~~~5 ; -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. erh *:mi5 0fff 0t I :f ''f -. 5-;~~~~~~~~*. - . .i : F DCSFsrenbitFntnnlDal'I . ~S -i S. . - Tem Second-class Spca PupseH:ha IF.~pi ~