Gems of Thought

and History of Shoshone County COMPLIMENTS

BUNKER HILL & SULLIVAN MINING CO. Gems of Thought

and History of Shoshone County

Sponsored by THE ALLIED FRATERNITIES COUNCIL Shoshone County

Compiled' and Edited by George C. Hobson

Kellogg Evening News Press, July, 1940

Preface The very life and well being of a community depend upon and reflect the ability to “get along with” each other. There is a pride everyone can justly feel and develop in being surrounded with 3uch prodigality of nature’s storehouse, with such scenery and weather, and with such excellent civic, social, and educational organization as grace Shoshone County. Just as the people we do not like are the ones we do not know, the more we know about people and things, the better we like them. So with our environs: the better informed we are as to what was required in past struggles to arrive at this time and at this place and in these surroundings, the more we shall appreciate our being here and the better we shall assume the responsibilities of taking our proper places in these surroundings. If this history in some small degree can contribute to making the people in and out of Shoshone County a little more conscious of the primeval beginnings of the county, of the mad scramble for gold, of the bitter struggles of sharply contending humanity that swept in, of the equally precipitous discovery and development of some of the world’s greatest lode mines, and of the steady transformation from raw frontier codes to the present settled ways of life, it will have served its purpose. Writing of a complete history of the county is far beyond the space allowed or the needs of this occasion. It was hoped at the outset of this work to have included many “thoughts” from many people and to have made them a vital part of this history. The job of securing more than are here printed would have been overwhelming. We are pleased that these many are included. As meager as this work pretends to be, there was considerable work in compiling and editing. Mr. R. L. Brainard and Mr. Roy H. Kingsbury have been most helpful and cooperative from start to finish. They have never wearied of lending their assistance in and out of their offices. Mr. Elmer B. Moe and Mr. F. R. Levering have been equally willing and cordial in their cooperation. Without their encouragement the obstacles encountered would have been insur¬ mountable. Reverend Francis Kinch and Mr. B. P. Woolridge have both contributed their moral and material support, as have numer¬ ous others. To the good offices of all these people much credit and appreciation are accorded. Especial mention is made of Mr. “Chet” 1-lowarth, who freely granted the use of the local radio system for fourteen appearances over the air. Thanks again are given those who spoke at those times. Any social work of this nature must rely upon the cooperation of the leaders of that society. In whatever degree this volume is accepted, credit is accordingly due that cooperation. Greetings to those who had confidence enough to subscribe in advance. George C. Hobson, Editor Table of Contents

Chapter Page I—'Shoshone County Organized -- 5 II—'Lewis and Clark Expedition ___ 9

III— Fur Traders and Trappers . 10

IV— Indians - 12 V— First Placer Boom _ 16 VI— Second Placer Boom .... 24

VII—Early Day Lawlessness . 28

VIII—Lode Mining ...-. 31 IX—Transportation . 41

X—Civic .-. 46 XI—Social ...-. 59 XII—Tall Tales ... 68

XIII—Fish and Game . 81 HISTORY OF SHOSHONE COUNTY

I—SHOSHONE COUNTY ORGANIZED been surveyed according to the desig¬ Naming Shoshone County nation given it by the Territory of Washington, the eastern boundary of Shoshone County was named' by the Shoshone County and likely the east¬ Washington Territory legislature in ern boundary of Idaho would today 1858. There were no Shoshone Indians be the continental divide, which passes here then or since. A member of the just west of Butte and Helena and legislature, having knowledge of the bears north and west into the central Shoshones in southern Idaho, liking portion of the Glacier National Park. the name, and knowing there were Indians here (possibly believing them Shoshone County Organized to be the same tribe as those in Shoshone County was not organized southern Idaho), suggested the name under the above named order. In Shoshone, which was adopted for the 1861 the county’s official boundaries county. The city of Shoshone in Lin¬ were stated: “Sec. 1. Be it enacted coln County, southern Idaho, was nam¬ by the legislative assembly of the Ter¬ ed from the Indians who lived in that ritory of Washington, That the boun¬ immediate vicinity and covered the daries of Shoshone County shall be entire Upper Snake River Valley, that as follows: Beginning at the mouth is, above Boise. Shoshone has a mus¬ of the South Fork of the Clearwater; ical sound and is a name we can be thence south with the said river to pleased to call the county. But Coeur the Lolo Fork of the same; thence d’Alene is equally musical and, as an east with the said Lolo stream in an Indian name, belongs much more to easterly direction to the summit of the surrounding territory. It might the Bitter Root Mountains; thence even be that some future state legis¬ north to the main divide between the lature will change the name of the Palouse River and the North Fork of county from Shoshone to Coeur the Clearwater; thence in a westerly d’Alene. direction with the said main divide to Shoshone County Older Than Idaho a point from which, running due south, would strike the mouth of the Shoshone County is older than the South Fork of the Clearwater to the Territory of Idaho, having been de¬ signated by the Territory of Washing¬ place of beginning.” ton, to which it then belonged, as County Seats. early as 1858. It was then broadly Pierce City, within the area of the described as “conprising all that coun¬ above named county boundaries, and try north of the Snake River and be¬ then recently named after Captain E. tween the Columbia and the Rocky D. Pierce, who had discovered gold Mountains, with the county seat on the there, was named the county seat of land claims of Angus McDonald." this second Shoshone County. Pierce That would make it include part of City was the county seat until 1885, the present state of Washington, part when it wa$ moved to Murray. In of the present state of Montana, and 1 898 it was again moved, this time every thing north of Lewiston in Ida¬ to Wallace, where it has remained. ho. But the surveyors apparently Frequent Boundary Changes. mistook the Bitter Root range for the A description of Idaho’s shifting Rocky Mountains, the continental di¬ boundary lines forms an interesting vide, which accounts for the pan¬ but somewhat complicated story. Be¬ handle shape of North Idaho. Had it tween 184 8 and 1868, twenty years,

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not fewer than five different territor¬ of 1848 except the present state of ial limits were established for the re¬ Oregon. gion which embraces the present state of Idaho. Numerous efforts since Idaho Organized A Territory 1868 have been made to change her Idaho was organized a territory in boundary lines. 1863 as a direct result of gold dis¬ coveries, which began in Shoshone A Part of Oregon Country. County and extended north and south From before the Lewis and Clark and east. Because of th distance of expedition, 1804-18i06, to 1820, the Olympia, the capital of Washington beginning of the golden decade of the Terirtory, from these gold discoveries fur business, Idaho was included in and fast settled' areas, because of dif¬ that vague region known as the “Co¬ ficulties of travel with its slowness and lumbia River Country.” During the lack of roads, and because of the dan¬ next quarter of a century, or until gerous, hostile Indians between the 1846, it was called the “Oregon Coun¬ two extremities of the territory, Wash¬ try.” This consisted roughly of the ington Territory could not possibly present states of Oregon, Washington, provide for the enforcement of law and' Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, and a large order in this new eastern bonanza. portion of British Columbia. So pressure was brought to bear on A Part of Oregon Territory. Congress and Idaho territory was born. In 1846 the British Columbia region Idaho was organized as a territory was cut away from the “Oregon Coun¬ March 3, 1863. Its boundaries are try” by the treaty with England, which described as follows: “All that part fixed the northern boundary of the of the territory of the United States United States at the 49th parallel of included within the following limits, north latitude, its present boundary. to-wit: Beginning at a point in the In 1848, Oregon Territory was es¬ middle channel of the Snake River, tablished by congress. It stretched where the north boundary of Oregon from the coast eastward to the crest intersects the same; thence following of the Rocky Mountains. down the said' channel of the Snake Parts of Washington and Oregon River to a point opposite the mouth Territories. of the Clearwater River ! thence due In 1853, Congress organized Wash¬ north to the 49th paralled; thence ington Territory which became the east along said parallell to the 27th northern part of the former Oregon degree of longitude west of Washing¬ Territory. The Columbia River and ton (104 degree west of Greenwich); the 46th parallel to the Rockies was thence south along said degree of the boundary between Washington and longitude to the northern boundary of Oregon territories. This divided Idaho Colorado Terirtory; thence west a- at about the southern line of Shoshone long the said boundary to the 33rd County before the Clearwater County degree of longitude west of Washing¬ was cut off from it. ton (110th degree west of Green¬ wich); thence north along the said A Part of Washington Territory Oregon was admitted to statehood degree to the 42 parallel of latitude; in 1859, when her area was reduced thence west along said parallel to the to its present size. Washington Terri¬ eastern boundary of the state of Ore¬ tory thereupon embraced all its former gon; thence north along the eastern area plus that part cut off from Ore¬ gon at the latter’s becoming a state, boundary of Oregon to the place of or all of the old “Oregon Territory” beginning.”

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Relative Size HOW IDAHO GOT ITS NAME Idaho then comprised 326,373 square Dulian Name miles. It included what now makes Henry Gannett, in a publication of up Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming with the U. S. Government, Origin Of Cer¬ a slight omission of about 2000 square tain Place Names in the U. S. says that miles in the south western corner of the word “Idaho” is an Indian name Wyoming. It was 12,000 square miles of unknown meaning. But the poet, larger than twice the area of Cali¬ Joaquin Miller, who was an express fornia, 62,000 square miles larger than rider in the early ’60’s between Walla Texas, and nearly 4 times the present Walla and the placer camps, rhapso¬ size of Idaho, which is 83,888 square dizes over a poetical meaning. miles. Idaho continued in its extra¬ vagant size about a year, when Mont¬ Diadem or Gem ana and Wyoming territories were “The Indians called the diadem or created out of it. light on mountain at sunrise 'Ee-dah- Lewiston Capital How‘”, said Joaquin Miller. He wrote Lewiston, known then as Ragtown, to one of the Oregon papers of his and which was then located across the experiences with Colonel Craig among Clearwater and toward its mouth from the Indians in the Clearwater country. the site of the present Lewiston, was In his letters, which were published, named as capital of the territory of he gave the spelling as “Idaho”. Idaho. William H. Wallace was ap¬ “Thus,” he said, “the name and' the pointed by President Abraham Lincoln spelling gained currency.” Assuming as the first governor of the new ter¬ the accuracy of the above, it may be ritory. He served but a few months, assumed the name of the state comes being elected a delegate to Congress, from an Indian expression and the and was succeeded in office as gover¬ spelling from the poet, Miller’s, fertile nor by Secretary of State W. B. brain. But this all occurred after Ida¬ Daniels. ho County, Washington Territorty, had been named. Bancroft’s Description Brancroft, the historian, said of this Gem of The Mountains vast extent of territory: “taken alto¬ From the idea of the rising sun’s gether, the most grand, wonderful, representing a diadem or gem, came romantic, and mysterious part of the “Gem of the Mountains.” This is not domain enclosed within the Federal a far step of the imagination and is Union.” a beautiful symbol. A most interesting incident is that Get-l p-It-Is-Moming Idaho Territory was named (1863) Miss Hattie E. Morgan, Malad, Idaho, after Idaho County (1858). has this to say on the subject: “Get- Idaho’s Present Outline up-it-is-morning” is the motto of the In 1864 the territories of Montana Native Daughters of Idaho Pioneers and Wyoming were organized. But not Association and is a literal translation until 1868 were survey lines run which of Ee-da-how, the Shoshone Indian fixed the present boundaries of Idaho. word, from which the word “Idaho” Then the crest of the Beaverhead and is derived. The meaning of the first the Bitter Root mountains, not that syllable, “E”, is “coming down;” the of the Rockies, became the dividing second, “da,” signifies sun of mount¬ line between Idaho and Montana, and ain; and the third, “how,” is an In¬ the line north on the 110th degree dian call, a salute, or a greeting. In west longitude separated Wyoming many a Shoshone Indian Village, as and Idaho. the sunlight came down the mountains.

ANGELO’S ITALIAN COMPLIMENTS OF DINNERS BETH’S Spaghetti - Ravioli - Fried Chicken BEAUTY SHOP Sandwiches Smelterville, Idaho 216 McKinley Ave. Kellogg, Idaho the Indians called to each other “Ee- moved to strike out the word “Mont¬ de-how.” As used by them colloquial¬ ana” and insert “Idaho.” Mr. Harding, ly, the meaning is precisely “get-up-it- Oregon, said', “I think the word ‘Idano’ is-morning.” Knowing these facts and is preferable to ‘Montana.’ ‘Idaho’ in never having been entirely satisfied English, signifies iGem of the Mount¬ with the generally accepted translation ains.’ ” of Ee-da-how as “Gem of tne Moun¬ tains,” which impressed me as being artificial and inaccurate, I suggested Confucius said: What you wouldst on April 10, 1930, when organizing not have done unto thyself, do not the first station of the Native Daugh- unto another.” ers, that we adopt as our motto “get- E. D. Barnhart. up-it-is-morning” as the meaning of “Idaho.” Tne suggestion was unan¬ Confucius says, A man, who sells imously adopted and has been accepted inferior merchandise, builds his repu¬ in all stations organized since.” tation on a rotten foundation. “Idaho” Used In Colorado Robert Bauman. The name “Idaho” was still earlier applied to a spring in Colorado, giving When you tell the truth, you need not remember what you said. us the name of a pretty little city in a deep mountain valley, “Idaho Clara Bays. Springs.” The same meaning was at¬ Oh,wad some power the giftie gie us. tached to the name there as that given To see oursel’s as ithers see us. Burns. above: the colloquial meaning being Bernice Beaupain. “Get-up-it-is-morning,” and the figura¬ tive, or symbolic, meaning being “Gem History and the knowledge of that of the Mountain.” The latter is in¬ history are vital to the well being of delibly fixed as a part of the lore of any group of people of any section of the country and will probably live on. the country. History points out to the One neeu only know that the Indians people of each locality what has tak¬ in Colorado and in Idaho belonged to en place before. In the light of such the same great Shoshonean family to knowledge, they are better able to understand how the same expression map out a pathway for the future. A was used in both places. people always takes pride in worth County Named Before Territory while achievements of the past. A Idaho County was so named by the reasonable amount of such pride acts Territory of Washington, 1858. It was as a stimulus toward future accom¬ 186,0 when Joaquin Miller rode express plishments, which insure happiness and in that country and wrote to the news¬ make for the well being of a people. paper. The name “Idaho” was debated Ross A. Bennett. and' decided upon by the Washington Territory legislature. If automobiles were the choosers, a "Idaho” Instead of “Montana” lot of drivers would walk. When the organization of the terri¬ J. A. Bever. tory of Idaho was being considered ih Success is measured' by one’s im- the united States Congress, the bill ipunity to defeat. was passed by the House of Represent¬ Bernard B. Biotti. atives designating the present Idaho as “Montana.” When the bill came up If one does not make an effort, he in the Senate on the 3rd of March, cannot expect results. 1863, Senator Wilson, Massachusetts, Bess Brewer.

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II—LEWIS and CLARK EXPEDITION Flora-Fauna Research Lewis and Clark A section of that report, which is now in the Smithsonian Institute, The first white men to penetrate this Washington, D. C., gives the results of primeval area were those of the Lewis a thorough study of the flora and the and Clark expedition, 1805-6. They fauna of the territory surrounding crossed' the continental divide between Kamiah, Idaho. Here the party spent the present Armstead, Montana, and three weeks at a camp about a mile the present Lemhi, Idaho. They sought below the present town. A fitting a route west across the state from monument marks the spot. From this this area. Down the river at North rendevous, excursions were made into Fork, Idaho, further investigations of the surrounding country. The results a route west were made. The river of their work stands as a monument appeared impassable, also the high, and has not been excelled since. This rugged, heavily wooded mountains to was just south of the extreme southern the west. The party followed up the portion of the original Shoshone •North Fork Creek, crossed the Bitter¬ County. root Range along the west side of the continental divide, and followed down the Bitteroot River, western slope To be honest with oneself as well drainage. This river guided them on as with others is to achieve a high down toward Missoula to the Lolo Pass form of happiness, for real happiness in the Bitterroot Range. From there comes from within. they followed down the Selway drain¬ Marie Bond. age toward the Clearwater, which they entered east of Kooskia, Idaho. From A little word in kindness spoken, Lemhi they used horses obtained from A motion or a tear, Sacajawea’s brother. Upon reaching the Has often healed a heart that’s Clearwater, they built boats and pro¬ broken, ceeded down that stream. Near Spauld¬ And made a friend sincere. ing is one of their boats, which was Josephine Budd Biotti. roughly hewn out of a log. One may find this boat today on the north side Creativeness is essential to progress. Df U. S. highway No. 95 just east of It is as necessary in the field of so¬ the bridge across the Clearwater near cial relations as it is in the field of ■ipaulding. The party followed down technology. the river to its confluence with the "The ‘creator’ is a changer of Snake River and camped. This point things. Put him in the presence of the .vas later to become historic for many proper materials and his hands itch ether reasons than that of harboring to be about their rightful business of the Lewis and Clark party. making the might-be into the is.”—H. The Lewis and Clark party thus A. Overstreet. :raversed that area which later be¬ John M. Booth. came a part of Shoshone County. I have thought many times of the Sacajawea traveled with the Lewis and different sports in other places, but Jlark party from the Mandan Villages there is none I like better than fish¬ n South Dakota to the Pacific coast ing in the streams of good' old Idaho. md back to the Lemhi River. George A. Boulton. Lewis and Clark reached St. Louis n the fall of 1806 and immediately You can prosper by the mistakes nade their report to President of the you have made. United States, Thomas Jefferson. Leona Boulton.

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KOSKI’S BOARDING RINKER’S STUDIO HOUSE Quality Photographs j 373 So. Division Kellogg, Idaho 317 Main St. Kellogg, Idaho 10 in—FUR TRADERS AND TRAPPERS ber of whites contributing to the total Coming of the Trappers production were “on their own.” Un¬ der these arrangements, a trapper The half century following the Lewis could always get credit at the post for and Clark expedition through the Sho¬ provisions and necessary equipment to shone County, Idaho, was marked by permit him to go into the mountains trapping and' trading for furs. The and valleys as he pleased. That is, he most powerful of the fur companies could get credit, as today, unless he was Hudson’s Bay Company, which had had a reputation that excluded him a western headquarters at Fort Van¬ from the privilege, which was rare. couver, from which position were sent The post was always anxious for more out upon the streams and into the furs and would encourage everyone to mountains of Idaho hundreds of men bring in his peltries. When ne return¬ annually to gather in the only wealth ed in the spring, the value of his they knew existed here. “take” was estimated, the last fall’s Kullyspell House provisions was deducted, and the dif¬ David Thompson, a representative of ference was paid him in more merchan¬ the Northwest Fur Company, has the dise or, as was usual, it remained on distinction of building the first trad¬ the records as a credit. However these ing post in Idaho. In 1809 he enter¬ trappers were notoriously improvident. ed the area from the north and settled Before another trapping season came on the northeast shore of Lake Pend around, they generally had consumed d’ Orielle, between the present sites of their credit balance in whiskey and Hope and Clark Fork. Here he built gambling and had to be outfitted by the “Kullyspell House,” which con¬ the post again. It is true that vast sisted of several substantial log houses. fortunes were made in furs in those From here trappers were sent out in days, but only by the traders, never all directions and for long distances. by the trappers. They were hardy, Provisions and equipment were sup¬ venturesome, and migratory. They plied them. In the spring they would were the grasshoppers of the fable; return to their headquarters with their the post, the ants. Occasionally one, “take,” for which they received credit to whom credit had been allowed, fail¬ in the necessities and luxuries of life, ed to return to pay his debt to the post. such as they were. This fort and post He was persuaded, easily, to take his remained active two winters, when it peltries to some other post, where he was abandoned for a more favorable might receive a higher price and have site near Spokane. David Thompson no deductions. Many stories have been was an Englishman, and he was also written about such derelicts, the post an intrepid pathfinder, an accurate often sparing no expense to capture surveyor, geographer, and an honest them and dealing with uiem summar¬ man. Touay alongside of highway No. ily and in the harshest manner. Before 3 between Hope and Clark i ork, Idaho, the merger of the Hudson’s Bay Com¬ there stands a large granite monument pany and the Northwest Company, this erected in honor of this explorer and sort of competition was keen and com¬ friend to man, whom we take delight mon, resulting in deserved but cruel in honoring. punishments of whites and Indians and The White Trapper at times resulting in Indian retaliatory Some few white trappers were in the measures. employ of the respective headquarters. The Indian Trappers These were paid an annual stipend whether the “take” were good or By far the larger portion of the better. But by far the greater num¬ furs secured by a post were taken by

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Indians. The coining of the fur trader vest of peltries, golden for the com¬ to the Indian country brought new panies, who traded a mere existence opportunities and inducements to its for them. native inhabitants. The superintendent, No Roads or Bridges or factor, as Hudson’s Bay Company No man-made roads or trails offered called them, managed to keep a stock passage for these hardy trappers. They of trinkets that pleased as well as did follow the wild animal trails, and paid the Indians besides carrying all occasionally these had been used also those articles that contributed' to the by the Indians. The streams had to securing of more furs and to the well be waded or, when water was too being and pleasure of the whites. high for wading, swum. Lolo Trail, [Whiskey and tobacco were staple com- which has become famous, is one of I modities. Firearms and ammunition these animal-Indian trails. It was a were necessities in the campaign for natural highway through a difficult furs. After the years that trappers country. Joseph’s retreat immortalized Jived amongest the Indains, 1809 to this primitive route. Now there are 1840, it is understandable how the plans and surveys for an automobile early immigrants to Oregon 1843, Utah thoroughfare over the same route to 1847, and California 1849, encountered connect Washington, Idaho, and Mont¬ predatory Indians armed with rifles. ana. This cuts across the southern There were no Indian wars during that part of what once was Shoshone period in which the trapper and the County. fur trader exploited the natural re¬ sources. The whites and the Indians had a common interest. The Indian The child of today is the citizen of tribes were nearly constantly fighting tomorrow. In the home he learns the each other and it was natural they first principle of citizenship, how to would conflict occasionally with the get along with others. The home is whites, as pugnacious as the Indians the foundation of good citizenship. were; but the two groups, whites and Mrs. R. L. Brainard Indians, in general maintained amic¬ “And what doth the Lord require able relations. That was true especial¬ of thee, but to do justly, and to love ly in Shoshone County during the time mercy, and to walk humbly with thy of its greatest extent. The Nez Perces God.” Micah 6:8. have gone down in history as being R. L. Brainard. friendly to the whites as were the Crows in Montana. It is possible the My greatest wish is to live in such firm and fair policy of David Thomp¬ a way that my children, Betty, Dick, son had much to do with the attitude and Ray, will be proud to say: “This of the Indians toward all the whites is my mother.” who followed him. It was only after Mrs. T .0. Brown. sufferance and forbearance were no longer virtues that Joseph carried on Grateful to live in a county where the Nez Perce war. the hills bring forth the silver for the cart wheels which are plentiful here Fort Walla Walla even though they are scarcer in other Another fur-trading post was located sections of our great U. S. A. at Fort Nez Perce, Fort Walla Walla. Ernestine Burch. From Kullyspell, from Spokane, and from Nez Perce, white and Indian Here’s Te ya fa’s like ya mean a trappers infested mountain and stream Ta. in Idaho carrying away a golden har¬ Mr. and Mrs. John Cameron

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IV—INDIAN TRIBES attached' to many other than the In¬ Dominion of Shoshonean Tribes dians. Coeur d’Alene Lake, Coeur d’¬ Alene River, Coeur d’Alene Mountains, The word is pronounced Sho-Sho-ne, Coeur d’Alene Mines, etc., are ex¬ in three syllables, with the accent on amples of the popularity of the name. the middle syllable. It is an Indian The entire mining district is called the name, that of one of the several tribes Coeur d’Alenes. of the Northwest, along with the Nez Perces, Spokanes, Coeur d’Alenes, and' Nez Perce Tribe Kootenais. The domain of the Sho- The Nez Perce were the most dis¬ shoneans was vast. It included all of tinguished representatives o-f the Sha- Southern Idaho and extended into ■haptian family of Indians. In intelli¬ Wyoming, Utah, Oregon, and Nevada. gence, physique, and character, they But there were no Shoshones this far rank among the foremost tribes of north in Idaho. These Shoshone In¬ American Indians. They occupied the dians in Southern Idaho were some¬ rich territory lying in eastern Wash¬ times called Snake Indians. Their ington, northeastern Oregon, and the tribal sign was an outward' weaving drainage of the Clearwater River in movement of the fore finger, meaning Idaho. They call themselves Chipunish. grass weavers. They had come from Their name means Pierced Noses, tak¬ farther east where they had woven en from the French language. Tradi¬ grasses into articles of clothing and tion has it that in isolated cases mem¬ tepees. They were crowded westward bers of the tribe pierced their noses by the more warlike Blackfeet. The with a shell worn as an ornament. early whites misinterpreted this tribal They were skillful horsemen, and one sign to mean “snake,” hence they were of the leading events in their tribal named “Snake Indians.” life was the annual buffalo-hunting Coeur d’Alene Indians excursion into Montana. The Nez The Coeur d’Alene Indians occupied Perces of the Lemhi River country the beautiful region around Lake were closely related to those of the Coeur d’Alene and the mountains and lower waters. These Indians lived in valleys of the drainage into the lake. a historic region, having assisted the They were industrious, self-respecting, Lewis and Clark expedition, having and docile. According to the best tra¬ come in contact with the first mission¬ dition, it was some French-Canadian aries to this region, having seen the traders who nicknamed them Coeur d’¬ white man’s discovery of gold, and Alene, or Heart of an Awl. About the suffered from being pushed about to year 1810 a party of voyageurs at¬ suit the white man’s convenience. They tempted to buy some furs from these had always been friendly to the white redmen at a ridiculously low price. man and not until force was employed The Indians, in derision, said the to make them move from lands desir¬ greedy white man was a sharp trader ed by the whites and onto the Lapwai and had a heart as small as an awl’s Reservation did they, under the lead¬ point. The traders reported the inci¬ ership of Chief Joseph. make war dent as a good joke on their fellowmen against the whites. Today they are and the name stuck to the Indians in¬ fine specimens of honesty, industry, stead of to the whites. The few sur¬ and moral and social uprightness. The vivors of the tribe occupy and farm survivors reside on the Colville Res¬ the rich lands of the Coeur d’Alene ervation, the Lapwai Reservation, and Reservation situated in Benewah on their homesteaded lands near Kam- County to the south. iah, in the southern part of what was The name Coeur d’Alene has been Shoshone County.

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The Setting for Trouble pledge from Joseph never to give up The Nez Perce Indians had always the Wallowa Valley. He also urged been friendly toward' the whites. They Joseph never to accept any kind of claimed the land between the Bitter help from the government. In 1877 the Boot and the Blue mountains and be¬ Indian Bureau sought to force the Nez tween the Salmon River and the Pal- Perce Indians to retire to the Lapwai ouse. They had befriended Lewis and Reservation. During the attempt to Clark and had welcomed the mission¬ enforce the edict, the Indians broke aries early in the century. In time the loose and raided whites up and down whites had settled on the Indians' the country. choicest lands, had fenced in the wa¬ The Nez Perce War ter, and were cultivating the land'. The Indians suffered from this stealing of The first battle was fought at the very life of the Indians, their nat¬ White Bird Pass and was a complete ural and needed resources. The Indian victory for Joseph’s men. The second chief, “Old Joseph,” so-called to dis¬ took place along the Clearwater. It tinguish him from his son, who later resulted in routing the Indians after a made history, protested to the Indian great slaughter on both sides. The superintendent and asked to have the Indians retreated toward Lolo Pass in intruders ejected. Nothing was done the Bitter Root mountains. The de¬ about the protest and more and more feat must have been a surprise to the settlers invaded the territory, raising Indians, for the whites found meat cattle, which ate more grass, and ad¬ cooking over lusty fires which the In¬ ded difficulties to the Indian’s al¬ dians had left. The retreat was encum¬ ready strenuous attempts to survive. bered with women, children, old' men, Especially was all this true in the and with camp equipage and stock. Wallowa Valley in Oregon. But they made a record march over that rugged mountain path. Onward “Never Give Up The Wallowa Valley” Joseph pushed his defeated but proud The Washington Indian war cost followers over high mountains, deep many lives of Indians and whites and canyons, raging torrents, and through caused great insecurity among both. dense underbrush, seeking life far In 1855 a treaty was signed by the from the white man’s bullets. Often government and the Indians, the latter the wounds of Indians and their ani¬ under force, giving the whites much mals left blood stains on the trails, of the land claimed by the Nez Perces, and' their dead bodies were frequently but ceding to the Indians the Wallowa found by the pursuers. In eleven days Valley and the drainage of the Clear¬ the doughty band reached the down¬ water. In 1863, when the rush to ward path into Montana. Like a foot¬ Pierce City and surrounding territory ball runner, they dodged and squirm¬ was at its height, the Indians were or¬ ed and assaulted, making their way dered to give up Wallowa Valley and into the Bitter Root Valley, Big Hole, the upper drainage of the Clearwater. Lemhi Valley, Camas Meadows, past The old chief refused. Desultory Henry’s Lake, into the Yellowstone skirmishes continued. In 1873 General Park, over Heart Mountain, and into Grant issued an executive order giving Montana. This forced trek had made the lands back to the Indians, but two history for all time and the genius years later revoked the order and and strategy of Joseph has marked made Wallowa Valley public domain. him as a military genius of his time. Old Joseph died in 1872 and his son. Col. Nelson A. Miles followed' Joseph Joseph, became chief. On his death to Bear Paw Mountain in Montana, bed, Old Joseph asked and received a where Joseph capitulated.

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Joseph’s Speech part in the grand celebration, and Joseph’s surrender was dramatic. He again met Col. Miles, who had become rode from his camp accompanied by a a general. Gen. Miles called Joseph the little group of warriors, who walked “Napoleon of the Indians.” He visited by his side. His hands were clasped Washington later on Indian affairs and on the pommel of his saddle, his rifle was entertained by President Theodore lay across his knees, and his head was Roosevelt and Gen. Miles. He visited bowed down. He rode slowly up the the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in hill toward General Howard and 1904, where he was a great attrac¬ Colonel Miles, who were waiting. With tion. He died in Colville September 21, graceful dignity he swung himself passing away peacefully before his own from his horse and offered his rifle campfire. In 1905 the Washington to General Howard, who magnani¬ Historical Society erected at Nespelem mously motioned him to Col. Miles. a monument of white marble to com¬ The latter received the token of sub¬ memorate the memory of Joseph, the mission. He then delivered a most pa¬ only Indian, who, when in personal thetic and picturesque speech: “Tell charge of his warriors, observed the General Howard I know his heart. laws of civilized warfare and respect¬ What he told' me before—I have it in ed the wounded, the women, and the my heart. I am tired of fighting. Our children. chiefs are killed. Looking-Glass is Indian Eloquence dead. Too-hul-hul-suit is dead. The old To illustrate the progress that has men are all dead. It is the young men been made by the Nez Perce Indians who now say ‘yes’ and ‘no’. He who since the time of Joseph’s retreat led on the young men is now dead. It across the Rockies, the following is is cold and we have no blankets. The related. An event of no small im¬ children are freezing to death. My portance occurred at Kamiah, July 4, people—some of them have run away 1903. A company of about 800 Nez to the hills, and have no blankets and Perce Indians, men, women, and chil¬ no food. No one knows where they dren, assembled with some white peo¬ are—perhaps freezing to death. I want ple to do honor to Independence Day to have time to look for my children in patriotic celebration. The exercises and to see how many of them I can consisted of a parade, speeches, sing¬ find; maybe I shall find them among ing, and the yearly feast. A liberty the dead. Hear ye, my chiefs! my car, draped in white, carried 50 little heart is sick and sad. From where Indian girls dressed in white, who the sun now stands, I will fight no carried and waved United States more forever.” flags. Preceding this car marched the The Last Days of Chief Joseph Indian band, which was immediately When Joseph surrendered, Col. followed by 100 Indian boys in rank. Miles promised him he and his peo¬ One of the principal features of the ple would be returned to the Lapwai day’s celebration was the oration de¬ Reservation, but the government was livered in the English language by prevailed upon to send them to the James Stuart, a Nez Perce merchant Indian Territory. They did not pros¬ of Kooskia. Among other things he per well there and longed for their said: former haunis. After many petitions, “The Nez Perce tribe, once among they were transferred to the Colville the fiercest Indians of the Northwest, Reservation near Spokane. Washing¬ now sits in church, studying the word ton. In 1897 he visited Washington. of God. The Nez Perces have, in little D. C., was a guest of Buffalo Bill, took more than a generation, become the

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best and most intelligent tribe of In¬ other and by the whites more in dians in this part of the country . . . many cases than are the whites them¬ My people, the Nez Perces, have made selves. some wonderful strides in advance¬ A Myth of The Coeur d’Alene Indians ment during the past few years. We According to a myth of the Coeur are still hopeful that a time is com¬ d’Alenes, a spirit named Amotkan rul¬ ing when the entire tribe will not be ed over the waters of the earth. Sin¬ looked upon as a separate, peculiar gularly, they bestowed the same name people, but as a new, loyal, liberty- upon the president of the United loving community, forming an integral States. Once the spirit grew angry part of this great republic, which we with all the Indians and withheld from Indians love so well, and of this great the people the last dtop of water, so day of Independence, which we cele¬ that they all perished of thirst. One brate with such enthusiastic joy. day a little wolf, the favorite hero of “My brothers, I care not what your Indian stories, was going around in politics may have been, let us remem¬ search of water and, seeing a little ber ‘that eternal vigilance is the price bird carrying a drop to his young of liberty’, and that the prosperity of ones, asked him where he found it. our nation, of our families, depend The bird answered, “I found it where upon the protection of the rights of Amotkan dwells, but I had to wait un¬ its people. We, as a part of this great til he fell asleep to take away this nation, love the song “America” and little drop, because he was so angry all the national airs. We celebrate with the people he refused to give this day in memory of that glorious them any.” Fourth when first was wide flung the “Then,” said' the little wolf, “show banner of freedom and equal rights. me the way and I will go and kill By faith we hear the liberty bell of him, because otherwise all creatures 1776 echoing throughout the moun¬ will be destroyed.” tains of the east and west, the vales of the north and the south, rever¬ So they went and the wolf killed berating to our very souls. We glory Amotkan while he was asleep, and then the water began to flow, and kept in the flag of our country, we love on so powerfully that it flooded the her people, we salute the stars and whole country and covered everything. stripes. By the powers that be we swear our allegiance to her and her But, one would ask, how does it hap¬ people. For our people and country pen that there are so many men on we will live and gladly struggle up the the earth if they were all destroyed long heights that lead' to advance¬ either by thirst or flood'. The answer ment and refinement, and, if need be, is, Amotkan’s body was carried down we will as gladly die that this oppor¬ by the waters. When they dried up, tunity for freedom shall not be taken the little wolf, who was always stroll¬ away from those who follow us. ing around, discovered it on the shore “Our beloved country! Bound to¬ below the Old Mission. Then he cut gether by the ties of a common bro¬ it to pieces and threw the heart into the land. From this sprung the Point¬ therhood, let us live forever as one people, a free and independent nation, ed Hearts, or Coeur d’Alenes. an inseparable and undivided people.” Today, 1940, the Nez Perce Indians farm intelligently, operate businesses “Corkscrews have sunk more peo¬ successfully, and associate with the ple than com jackets have ever sav¬ whites of their communities almost as ed.” Sir Thomas Lipton. equals. And they are trusted by each J. L. Carpenter.

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V—FIRST PLACER MINING BOOM and returned to Chief Timothy. After Early Knowledge of Gold much talk and no little persuasion, Just when the existence of gold in Chief Timothy consented to permit his the country north and east of the big daughter, Jane, then 18, to pilot the bend in the Snake River became known Pierce party through the dangerous it is impossible to state with any cer¬ Indian territory in its search for gold. tainty. Bancroft says that in 1854 a To keep their journey as much a man named Robbins, a resident of secret as possible, the party traveled Portland, had purchased some gold of by night and rested by day. They the Spokane Indians, and that the crossed the Snake and Clearwater near Catholic missionary, De Smet, had Lewiston and' traveled north a whole known of its existence in what is now night, over the hills and hollows that north Idaho even prior to that date. now are such a rich wheat country. E. D. Pierce is also credited with an Then they bore eastward and' then early knowledge of the auriferous south eastward and, passing near the character of the country, and the rea¬ present site of Kendrick, reached a son given for his not having prospect¬ tributary of Orofino Creek. Gold was ed it long before he did is the hostil¬ discovered in the creeks. They worked ity of the Indian tribes. The reason their way eastward and found greater is, indeed, a plausible one, for it is values. Their supplies and' equipment difficult to see how any man or set were insufficient. So they went back of men could carry on such operations to Walla Walla, leaving Jane at Tim¬ during the era of Indian wars. But othy’s camp. Next spring Pierce and whatever may have fired the enthus¬ a large following with supplies and iasm of Col. E. D. Pierce, certain it is equipment returned and established that the Nez Perce country had a great Pierce City, about two miles above the fascination for him and that his assidu¬ site of the present Pierce. ity and zeal have had a marvelous Chief Joseph’s Pledge ultimate effect upon the history and Indian troubles followed the invasion development of the country. of the territory into which the govern¬ Unsettled Indian Affairs ment had crowded the Nez Perces after In 1858 Pierce made a visit to the the Washington war of 1855. Again land of the Nez Perces, but does not the government ordered the Indians to seem to have found any opportunity move lower down stream toward Lewis¬ for prospecting, owing to the unsettled ton and allowed them the territory condition of Indian affairs and the now comprising the Lapwai reservation. opposition to his projects of the con¬ Joseph, one of the chiefs of the upper servative red men. waters, refused to move. On his death On the shore of the Snake just a bed his son, the famous Chief Joseph, little below the confluence of the Snake promised not to give up their lands, and the Clearwater, they became especially the Wallowa Valley, and not acquainted with Chief Timothy. The accept aid from the United States Nez Perce chief told them the Indians government. would resent their prospecting the Jane Silcott country the government had given Jane, the daughter of Chief Timothy, them. After the Indian War in Wash¬ afterward married John Silcott, a na¬ ington in 1858, the government had tive of Virginia. Jane Silcott has gone promised the Nez Perces a definite down in history as one of the three territory including the drainage of the Red Heroines in Idaho’s exploration. Clearwater. Pierce started back to The other two are Sacagewa and The Walla Walla, then changed his mind Dorion Woman.

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Pierce Organizes Prospecting Party sent by special express to the Portland In I860 Daily Times. It was especially pleasing Immediately upon his return to to the editor of that paper, whose Walla Walla, Pierce began organizing sentiments and predictions were there¬ a party to return with him and spend by confirmed, and naturally the news the winter in the Oro Fino basin. was given due prominence. The effect Some difficulty was encountered in among the business men, merchants, making up this company, owing to the and in fact all classes was magical. fear of trouble with the Indians and Newspapers sent special reporters in¬ the efforts of those who dreaded an¬ to the country and the result was an other Indian war, but at last he suc¬ inception of interest in the wild, weird ceeded in enlisting the interests of terra incognita of eastern Washington. thirty-three stouthearted men. An ef¬ It needed now Dut some confirmation fort was made to prevent by military of these accounts to stimulate a stam¬ force this party from carrying out its pede into the country of a magnitude designs. A detachment of dragoons unprecedented in the northwest. was sent after the men and pursued Government Fears Indian Uprising them as far as the Snake River, but No one foresaw the coming deluge of ’ailed to overtake them. The men had humanity into the Nez Perce country lardly reached Pierce's old camp be¬ with greater clearness than the officers fore they received a visit from the of the government, civil and military, Vez Perce Indian Agent, A. J. Cain, whose duty it was to protect the who, however, did not attempt to rights of the Indians. Though the Nez nterfere with their operations, but on Perces had offered no resistance to he contrary expressed his satisfaction Pierce and his men, they strenuously with their good behavior. objected to further encroachments up¬ Building Pierce City on their reservation privileges. Noth¬ All winter long the party wrought ing was more certain than that the liligently building cabins, whipsawing whites would violate without scruple umber for sluice boxes, and prospect- these rights when once the passion for ng. The result of the prospecting was gold had fired their imaginations and ■ery satisfactory, though Pierce him¬ when the hope of securing it began self does not seem to have been un- producing its pleasant intoxication. luly sanguine, being fully aware of the What was to be done to prevent trou¬ lifficulties. He believed the discover¬ ble? 'd gold district was on the outskirts Indians Forced To Accede >f a mining country of great richness In the hope of finding a satisfactory ind large extent. solution of this problem, Superintend¬ News Is Spread ent E. R. Geary held a consultation The first intelligence received by the with Colonel Wright and the result of >utside world concerning the welfare their deliberations was that the former ind doings of these men came in repaired forthwith to the Indian coun¬ March, 1861, when four of the miners try, called a council of the tribe, and '.rrived in Walla Walla. After a tramp succeeded in negotiating a treaty per¬ m snowshoes to the mouth of Orofino mitting the white men to enter the Ireek, they had reached, in a half country for mining purposes on the starved condition, an Indian camp, promise of military protection and the vhence they proceeded with more ex- enforcement of United States laws. The >edition and better fortunes, bringing consent of the Indians was given whol¬ o Walla Walla a considerable sum of ly against their will, but they saw no noney in gold dust. The news was way by which they could defend them-

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selves against the incoming tide and, neer on this first trip on Snake River being of a pacific disposition, thought waters was John Gurty, her purser, it better to surrender gracefully than Frank Coe, and besides she was man¬ to do so under compulsion. They had ned by two firemen, a steward and abundant proof that the deluge of assistant, an assistant engineer, a cook whites was coming; for weeks before and six deck hands. Several business the treaty could be negotiated, merch¬ men came as passengers and one, Seth ants had been taking goods to Pierce S. Slater, was so confident of the suc¬ City from Walla Walla and the van of cess of the enterprise that he brought the advancing army of miners was al¬ with nim between ten and fifteen tons ready arriving from that city and of freight, expecting to get with it to Portland. Bancroft says that at the some point within easy reach of the time of the signing of the treaty there mines. were three hundred imen in the Oro- “We cleared,” says Captain Baugh¬ fino district and that a month later man, “about the 10th of May. With all there were one thousand. of us it was a voyage of discovery af¬ Transportation ter we steamed into the broad mouth Fortunately the Oregon Steam Navi¬ of the Snake River as none of us had gation Company was enabled to do ever before ridden upon its swift, tur¬ something for the accommodation of bid waters. As pilot, I directed that we the incoming hordes daily arriving travel very slowly and only during the from various points in tne northwest, day time, for rocky reefs and shoals California, and elsewhere during the were numerous and the waters were spring of 1861. Previously that com¬ not deep. Each stream which we pany had sent Ephraim Baughman in thought had not theretofore been nam¬ company with Captain Leonard White, ed, we took it upon ourselves to to Colville on the upper Columbia with christen; likewise every other natural instructions to build a small boat feature, and even today many of the there and explore the river down to landmarks and creeks bear the names The Dalles. Their object was to de¬ which we gave them. In due time, we termine whether or not navigation swept around the big bend in the was practicable. They set out sometime Snake just below where Lewiston now in March, made the exploration, and stands and were met by the rushing were back in Portland in the early waters of a stream clear as crystal and part of May. broad enough to be classed as a river. First Steam Vessel In Clearwater Before us spread' out a beautiful Meanwhile the events were happen¬ bunchgrass valley, or rather a series ing in the Nez Perce country which of plateaus, reaching away to a high have just been narrated. The company prairie to the southward. This Indian was as anxious to get as much patron¬ paradise was occupied here and there age out of the rush as possible, so it by a tepee. Several Nez Perce Indians ordered White, as captain, and Baugh¬ loitered about and a few bands of man, as mate and pilot, to take the ponies grazed contentedly upon the Steamer Colonel Wright up the Colum¬ luxuriant grass. The picture was in¬ bia to Snake river, thence up that riv¬ deed a pretty one. er as far toward the newly discovered “The sound of the steam whistle mines as possible. The Colonel Wright and the pounding of the engines nat- was a vessel of some fifty tons burden, uarlly attracted the attention of the about 12 5 feet in length, fitted up Indians, who flocked to the water’s with good machinery, and well supplied edge to gaze on the wonderful fire with necessary equipments. Her engi¬ boat.

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"I turned the vessel’s prow into the hearts and we never forgot it. Law¬ water of this new river. Slowly the yer, who had been educated in the little steamer propelled itself onward east and could talk good English, re¬ in the direction of the Orofino mines. ceived us most cordially and we We had to line the vessel over the chatted with him a long time. His hos¬ Lawyer and several other rapids and pitality was exceptionally praiseworthy about thirty miles up the Clearwater when it is remembered that we were we found an obstruction which we invading his territory and opening the could' not pass. This was what has way for thousands to follow. The In¬ since come to be named Big Eddy. dians may have protested' mildly Throughout our entire journey on the against the establishment of a settle¬ Clearwater thus far we were accom¬ ment at the mouth of the Clearwater, panied by Indians riding along the but their remonstrances were never shore on horseback. By many little very strong and, finding these unavail¬ acts and signs did these children of ing, they acquiesced with remarkable nature manifest their friendliness, no grace.” one of their number, so far as I can Slater Deserts Slaterville now remember, giving the slightest evidence of other than kindly senti¬ Having loaded again with a few pas¬ ments. sengers and some freight, the Colonel Wright made a second trip to the Slaterville Established mouth of the Clearwater. Here she “At the Big Eddy we were forced was met by a messenger from Slater to land as the little steamer could requesting her to proceed up the riv¬ not make headway in the rapids. Twice er and get his outfit as he had de¬ we lined her and moved slowly up cided to establish his store at the stream, but the vessel did not have confluence of the Snake and' Clearwa¬ power enough to keep herself in the ter that ne might be on the trails channel; so finally we gave it up for leading inland. The vessel steamed up the time being, came on shore and be¬ to the eddy, got Slater and his goods, gan making explorations. The result and brought them safely to the shores was not favorble. There was, therefore, of the Snake, where Slater again pitch¬ nothing to do but to unload the ed his tent. Soon he had opened near freight. Slater thought the site a good the confluence of the rivers the first one as it was the apparent head of store in what is now Lewiston and navigation so he and a few others perhaps the first in the Clearwater remained there, establishing Slater¬ country. ville.” Immediately after the second trip of Chief Lawyer Friendly the Colonel Wright, the company The Colonel Wright went back to placed another new steamer in service, Celilo at once. On the return trip she the Okanogan, which was much larg¬ stopped at the mouth of Lapwai Creek er and' better equipped than the for¬ and most of her crew went to visit mer. Captain White was placed in Chief Lawyer, whose home was on a command, and the Colonel Wright was tract of bench land overlooking the entrusted to the care of Captain Clearwater. “From the river,” says Baughman. A month later, the Tenino, Captain Baughman, “we could see his still larger than the Okanogan, was tepee and before it a tall pole, from placed in service and to the command whose top the Stars and Stripes floated of this vessel Captain Baughman was in the breeze. This display of patrio¬ transferred. Steamboat service was dis¬ tism by the brave and friendly old continued entirely in July, owing to chief touched a responsive chord in our the lowness of the water.

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In July oi the following year, Levi gold. Subsequently coarse gold was Ankeny, Dorsey S. Baker, Captain discovered by William F. Bassett Baughman and several others placed across the divide to the eastward of an opposition boat, the Spray, upon Oro Fino creek; and from the char¬ the river, between Celilo and Lewiston. acter of the metal the diggings were The Spray was a small vessel, built named Oro Grande. especially for shallow water, so it was Oro Grande able to continue its trips uninterrupt¬ It is related that Mr. Bassett saw edly until November. During the fol¬ the country in which this discovery lowing winter it was sold to the O. S. was made from the top of a tree on N. Company for nearly double its cost. the divide between Oro Fino and Lewiston, The Door to Shoshone Rhodes creeks. The general appear¬ County Fields ance of the country induced him to In the spring of 1863 the People’s prospect it with the result above stat¬ Transportation Company was organiz¬ ed. The tree was ever afterwards ed in Portland for the purpose of es¬ known as Bassett’s tree. The Oro tablishing an opposition line of steam¬ Grande district never proved especial¬ ers to Lewiston. The E. D. Baker was ly rich. placed on the Columbia between Port¬ The richest claims in the Oro Fino land and the Cascades, the Iris be¬ district were on Rhodes and Canal tween that and The Dalles, and Cayuse gulches, though there were many Chief, under Captain Leonard White, claims of merit on Barclay, Black¬ between Celilo and Lewiston. After a smith, French, and Moore’s gulches as successful career of six or seven years’ well as on Oro Fino creek itself. Early duration, this company sold out to the in the history of the camp a miners’ O. S. N. Company, leaving that corpor¬ meeting had been held and the Cali¬ ation again the autocrat of the Colum¬ fornia mining laws adopted, by which bia and its tributaries code three kinds of claims were rec¬ All this shows the popularity of the ognized, namely, creek and gulch Orofino district which was populated claims, extending two hundred feet with gold seekers. Discovered in the along the creek or gulch and of the fall of 1860, it was occupied that au¬ width of one hundred and fifty feet; tumn and winter by Pierce’s party. also hill claims, which were last ex¬ In February merchants and miners tended from the rim rock to the sum¬ from Walla Walla began to work their mit of the hills, with two hundred way in, so that by April the popula¬ feet frontage. The miners were in the tion was perhaps 300. A month later habit of holding a meeting on Sunday, it was more than three times that whenever there was any occasion for many; and, when Judge James W. Poe such, and at these popular assemblages entered in July, he found the creeks the laws were amended to suit new and gulches swarming with people. He conditions as they might arise, dis¬ estimated their number at 2,000. Some putes about claims were settled, and claims were yielding fabulous returns plans for the promotion of the gen¬ and wages ranged from five to eight eral welfare of the camp were weighed dollars a day, the common stipend' be¬ and discussed. Fortunately there was ing a half ounce of dust. little lawlessness during the earliest Orofino days of the Oro Fino diggings. Oro Fino gold was very fine, as one Growth of Pierce City familiar with the Spanish language Two towns sprang up in the dis¬ would have surmised from the name trict about the same time, namely Oro of the uiggings, which signifies fine Fino and Pierce City. The former was

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built on placer ground, a fact which $10 to $12; Dunbar & Asar, $10 to furnishes the probable reason for its $12; Shaffer & Company, 14 men, $60 short life. At any rate, its business to $20; Thomas & Company, 14 men, men moved to its sister town in course $18 to $20; Rillery & Company, 17 of a few years, making permanent the men, $16 to $20; Smalley & Company, community bearing the name of him 10 men, $16; Boone & Company, eight who pioneered the way for the mining men, $16 to $20; Let ’Er Rip Com¬ population, while the old Oro Fino pany, 11 men, $16 to $20; Hoyt & City gradually decayed and eventually Company, eight men, $12; Felton & became a memory. It is a rather Company, $15; Rhodes & Company, strange fact that, though the two 11 men, 300 ounces per diem to the towns were very near together, there company. On French Creek, Antoine never was the bitter rivalry between Pillir, T. Lapoint, M. Guinon, John them which has usually characterized Lesot, and Harkum & Quick were communities so situated. Pierce City making $10 to $12 a day to the man. later became the county seat of Sho- Ferry Franchises • shone County, retaining the dignity The granting of ferry franchises by and prestige incident thereto until the the Territory of Washington in 1861- discovery of the Coeur d’Alene mines. 62 illustrates the need of this kind In June a road was built along the of transportation. There were four Clearwater from the moutn of that across the Snake, four on the Clear¬ river to Pierce City. By July so many water, and' four on the Salmon. The merchants had endeavored to better ordinary charges for the use were as their fortunes by furnishing the new following named: district witn goods that the market Foot Passengers .$ .50 was oversupplied, notwithstanding the Loose Cattle .50 thousands of men who were seeking 2-horse wagons . 2.50 gold in all the neighboring gulches 4-horse wagons . 4.TT0 and on all the surrounding hills. Two Horse and buggy . 2.25 saw-mills were in process of erection Pack animals .75 to supply the miners with lumber for These were at points in Shoshone sluice boxes, etc. But little household County or on the way in, and were to furniture was needed as there were accommodate the stream of people only three families in the community. seeking fortune and of needed sup¬ Placer Produces Profit plies. The number of ferries construct¬ In an article in the Portland Ore¬ ed and the imperative need for them gonian of August 31, 1861, G. C. Rob¬ are indications of the size of the rush bins made the statement that during to the new placer fields. The fact that that month 2500 practical miners the placer fields soon played out ac¬ were at work on Rhodes Creek, Oro counts for the short life of the fer¬ Fino Creek, Canal Gulch, and French ries. With a more stable society fol¬ Creek and that four or five thousand lowing the rush in and' out, state- and men were making a living in other counity-owned bridges and roads were ways. His report on the earnings of built. the miners was as follows: Jarvis & Gold Seekers Company, four men, $10 per diem to With the publicity of gold strikes in the man; James & Company, five men, the Oro Fino, Pierce, and Florence re¬ $10; McCarty & Company, four men, gions, thousands of seekers swarmed $10; Vesay & Company, eight men, $7 into the Nez Perce Indian territory. to $8; Hook & Company, six men, $10 Figuratively, towns arose over night. to $12; Jones & Company, four men, These same itowns in some instances

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disappeared as suddenly when some County Organization new strike elsewhere was announced. Neither these whites nor the Chi¬ Many of these prospectors had' attend¬ nese served to support and maintain ed the wild ’49 gold rush into Cali¬ the government as set up for Sho¬ fornia. Many of the same had gone on shone County in 1861. Pierce City, to the Comstock L>ode area and, at the then the center of mining interests in first news of Pierce’s discovery, had the county, had been named the rushed ito Idaho. It is almost miracu¬ county seat. Assessed valuation of the lous how news of gold discoveries cir¬ county was so low that not enough culates. Apparently no one can keep in taxes could be raised to pay county the secret, even those that desire it officers. Because of this fact and be¬ kept. Many went to the placer gulches cause no one wanted to be clerk, in southern Shoshone County poorly commissioner, or sheriff, it was dif¬ equipped with food and' implements. ficult to fill the offices, and fre¬ Those who came better prepared to quently they were vacant. withstand the rough country were of¬ Assessed Valuation ten forced to share with the less While Pierce was still the county fortunate, sometimes all suffering seat of Shoshone County, a few stock- from the neglect of the few. These men moved in around Weippe. The men were a hardy race—only the entire county assessments for 1866 hardy survived. Many of them, thru were as follows: the very nature of their quests and Forty-six houses, seven ditches, experiences, had developed a lawless¬ three saloons, one drug store, one ness that prompted them to take what sawmill, one store and gaming room, they wanted even at the instance of three general stores, three horses, 367 theft or murder. There was also a beef cattle, wagon and harness. class of men, who sought these fron¬ All this was owned by 273 people. tier places, and' who came, not to The total assessed valuation was $41,- work themselves, but to prey upon 960. In addition each of the 273 per¬ those who possessed the rewards of sons was assessed $4 poll tax and $1 toil. The establishment of routine law military enrollment tax. By 1869 the and order amongst these ravaging peo¬ amount of revenue collectable from ple was an impossibility. There was every source was even smaller than no stable society at hand. All were that in 1865 and the population had nomads. Under such circumstances fallen to about 100 whites although each man was his own judge and jury. there were about 300 Chinese around But the popular sentiment guided in Pierce. more flagrant cases of the violation of personal rights. Difficulties of Maintaining County Chinese In 1881 there was much talk of After a gulch was comparatively forfeiting the Shoshone County char¬ worked out, the diggings were gen¬ ter and of joining Nez Perce County. erally deserted and left to Chinese, Financial difficulties of the county or¬ who moved in and worked the left ganization, the difficulties attendant overs. In some cases claims were leas¬ upon getting court sessions held', ed to Chinese after the best values those of obtaining impartial juries, be¬ were supposed extracted. It also hap¬ cause of the few people available as pened that many of these Chinese jurymen, and the constant fear of In¬ made new discoveries therein. Certain dian raids made the few inhabitants it is that they profited. They seldom wish for support from more populous had trouble amongst themselves and neighborhood. At this time the assess¬ lived' in peace with the Indians. ed valuation was but $38,981. But

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others, who had a pride in their poli¬ Business and Professional Women, tical unit, held on and bravely endur¬ Kellogg ed the inconveninces and saved the disintegration of the county. KEEP US, O God, from pettiness; let By 1885, the swarms of gold' min¬ us be large in thought, in word, in ers and the businesses that followed deed. them had moved on to Bannock LET US be done with fault-finding Creek and to Virginia City and to and leave off self-seeking. whatever new strikes had taken their MAY WE put away all pretense and fancies. Practically the only ones left meet each other face to face—without to support the county government self-pity and without prejudice. were the few stragglers around the MAY WE never be hasty in judgment former Pierce and a few scattered and always generous. stockmen. Their financial condition LET US take time for all things; was serious. The Coeur d’Alene strike make us grow calm, serene, gentle. saved the county. TEACH US to put into action our better impulses, straight-forward and unafraid. GRANT that we may realize it is the If your life you’d' make worth while, little things that create differences, Don’t withhold the cheery smile; that in the big things of life we are 'Twill help to brighten the darkest day at one. As we travel together on Life’s AND MAY WE strive to touch and to highway. know the great common woman’s Libby Carpenter. heart of us all, and O Lord, God let us forget not to be kind'! If we keep our hands in harmony with our heads and our heads in har¬ Anna Barnhart, Angie Langland, So¬ mony with our hearts, we will keep phie Merrick, Elizabeth Huber, Mabel in perfect harmony with ourselves; Brainard, Christine Hausen, Ida Cob- for the hearts of all are mostly good. bett, Mary McLellan, Ann Greer, Mar¬ Mrs. T. H. Clark. ian Gird, Inez Haddock, Mary McKin- nis, Wanda Seely, Musa Howes, Lot¬ It’s your Flag and my Flag, tie Cameron, Carrie Knudson, Lillian And, oh, now much it holds; Manaham, Louise Bottinelli, Helen Your land and my land Morse, Stella Meyer, Hazel Huber, Secure within its folds, Hilda Mattson, Ida Prendergast, Nel¬ Your heart and my heart lie Gauthier, Irene Burmeister, La- Beat quicker at the sight, Verne Widman, Olga Jarvey, Ann Ben¬ Sun-kissed and wind-tossed. oit, Faye Griffin. The Red and Blue and White, Build your faith sufficiently and The one Flag, the great Flag, there is no reasonable achievement be¬ The Flag for me and you, yond your powers. Glorified, and all else beside— Dorothy K. Campbell. The Red and White and Blue. Mr. and Mrs. Ralph H. Day. For I’d not distinguish by thy eye, The happiest people are those who but by the mind, which is the proper are thankful for life's responsibilities, judge of the man.—Seneca. not for its gifts and possessions. A. E. Coughlan. Hazel Clark Delich. A man will go to any length to es¬ Service with a smile. cape the labor of thinking.—Anon. Glynn D. Evans. Pete Hansen.

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VI—PLACER MIXING—SECOND BOOM Coeur d’Alene district as the chief Gold Discovered In Ooeur d’Alenes cause of that great winter rush of 1883-84. “The claims are very rich,” In the midst of this doubt and dis¬ it represented, “and are located in the sension, gold was discovered in the gulches of the North Fork of the Coeur Coeur d’Alenes. To A. J. Prichard d’Alene River, Eagle, Prichard, and probably belongs the credit of finding Beaver creeks, streams running into placer gold that brought the district the Coeur d’Alene River. Rich placer to the attention of the outside world. deposits already have been discovered. Among those who have claimed to Nuggets have been found that weigh have done prospecting in the Coeur d’ $50, $100, $160, and $200.” (This Alenes prior to Prichard’s going there value is gold at $20 an ounce.) “An are Tom Irwin, William Gerrard, Frank intense excitement has sprung up in E. Peck, John O. Barbour, George A. regard to the quartz deposits. The Frost, John Desmukes, Delaney, who most extensive galena belt known at went as a party from Lewiston to the the present day is being developed on Coeur d’Alenes in 1873. Whatever Beaver Creek. The conclusion to be their discoveries, the district was not drawn in regard to the Coeur d’Alenes, “discovered.” Then, of course, there, a region superior in every way, is that was the John Mullan party. They they (the mines), are inexhaustible.” built a road thru the district and some Many believed the Gold Circular was a individuals found coarse gold. Mullan’s gross exaggeration,' but the tide of fears were that gold might be found incoming humanity was unabated. The in such quantities as to disorganize his fact remains that, so different from road-building crew and postpone the many other rushes, the results in the completion of his job. There were also Coeur d’Alene district justified the W. Edison and Bob Fanning, who tide. The further exploration was cooperated with Prichard in 1881. But pushed, the more people came in, and they became disgusted and left for the more famous the district became. “civilization,” while Prichard went back Eagle City A Magic Work to his cabin. Eagle City was a magic word in the Prichard’s Discoveries years ±883-84. The history of the In 1881 A. J. Prichard discovered town was that of a pioneer mining valuable placer gold, how valuable camp, its decline was as rapid as its he did not then know. The next sum¬ rise. In March, 1884, town property mer he located some placer and lode was in great demand, lots bringing claims. In January, 1883, he wrote from $200 to $2,000 each, also, for some friends to come and share in his one or two business houses, offers of good fortune. By the summer of 1883 $10,000 were refused. The Coeur towns of Eagle, Murrayville, Beaver d’Alene Nugget, March 22, 1884, tells City, Carbon City, Littlefield, Rover us that twenty new business houses City, and Myrtle were booming, so were opened in the mining district great was the influx of gold seekers. during tne preceding week. By the Other towns sprung up in 1884 and same issue, we are informed that later. By the middle of February, stoves were the highest priced com¬ 1884, there were fully 1000 men in modities in the camp. The Sibley the district. By the spring of 1885 variety, which was nothing more than there were 10,000. a conical sheet iron structure, each N. P. Gold Circular with a door and a place for a stove The Northern Pacific Gold Circular pipe, sold for $30 to $40 each. Sheet has become famous in the history of iron box stoves sold for $20 to $80

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and ordinary cook stoves for $75 to Meat Market—Moffitt & Wise. $150. The same issue said that Hood Hardware—H. J. Blume. & Company, at an enormous expense Eagle City Bank. and in the face of great obstacles, had Saw Mill—Hood & Company. established the first sawmill in the Forwarding Company — Eckers & mines, a steam mill with a capacity Wardner. of 14,000 feet each twenty-four hours. Barber Shop—Parker & Boyer. The mill was brought in on sleds Physicians—E. Thiele, Fred Quim- through Fourth of July Canyon and by, H. 0| Beeson & P. B. Williams, J. by boat up the North Fork of the B. Patterson. Coeur d’Alene River. It tells us that Restaurants—Matt Brown & Com¬ the Eagle City Bank brought the first pany, The Pioneer, E. Y. Jeffery, safe into the district, a Herring fire¬ Proprietor. proof, weighing about 250 pounds. Lodging Houses—The Coeur d’Alene, The safe was dragged in over the Carey & Carlton, Proprietors, The Ar¬ Trout Creek Trail on a sled by two lington, Kuebler & Yedder, Proprietors. men. The swarms of people in the Paints—Li. P. Coughlin. ' surrounding country were eager for Builders—D. W. McIntosh, J. A. commodities and services that would Rives. permit them to prosecute the work of Mining Recorder and Justice of taking the gold from canyon and bar. the Peace—Frank Points. No Chinaman Allowed In The District Notary Public—James F. Topliff. A fiat was promulgated by the resi¬ Saloons—‘Cole Brothers, The Daisy, dents of the camp that no Chinaman Coy and Hess, Proprietors; The Com¬ shall ever enter the camp upon pain stock, Fender and Shaw, Proprietors. of expulsion or death and the expulsion A Picture Of Eagle City of the person importing such China¬ A brief description of the condi¬ man. In Pierce, 20 years before, it tions prevailing in Eagle in the spring was a common thing for Chinamen to of 1884 will give some idea of the work the diggings after the whites actual conditions and life of the camp. had taken what they wanted. They It will also represent about what pre- had always kept the peace and lived vailea in most of such camps in this in friendly relations with whites and district and' in others so situated. Indians. But in the Coeur d’Alenes The Eagle, another pioneer paper of they were barred. the district, gives the following pic¬ Eagle Business Directry ture of conditions in Eagle City in The business directory of Eagle in April, 1884. 1884 as set forth in the newspaper “At this stage of the growth and was as follows: development. Eagle presents the ap¬ pearance of a ‘hard’ place. Its build¬ Lawyers—S. C. Hyde, W. H. John¬ ings are located on lots from which son, Charles W. O’Neil, French, Woody the snow io the depth of four feet has & Marshall, William Scallon. W. T. been excavated and dumped into the Stoll, L. H. Prather, L. B. Nash, J. M. street, so that between the build¬ Kinnaird, Malony & Trumbull. ings and the streets there is a solid' Real Estate Agents — Butler and wall of snow. The buildings are com¬ Wickersham, A. P. Benton & Company, posed of logs and shakes. Great tents C. A. Webster. with gaudily painted signs loom up in General Stores—McKenzie & Evans, endless variety before the spectator, Samuel H. Hays, Shelton & Cunning¬ while from within come the sound of ham. revelry and the strains of music, the

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clink of chips and the metallic chink of every state in the union, and it is of hard casn as it passes over the a promising sign that they are pur¬ bar. The streets and places of pub¬ chasing town property and mining lic resort are thronged night and day ground and are all preparing to erect with miners and' prospectors waiting larger and more commodious places for the snow to disappear so they can of business as soon as the material can get off into the mountains on their be procured. This is about the status annual prospecting tour. Then there of Eagle today. Every branch of bus¬ iness Is well represented. Thousands are the packers and transient popula¬ of dollars of real estate transfers are tion, a tough looking crowd', but very made and' recorded daily, and thou¬ orderly, who stand around and enjoy the luxury of a sun bath. On the sand's more are being invested in sub¬ stantial buildings and other business corners are knots of men, who talk of enterprises. No lawlessness exists.” mines and mining and criticize speci¬ mens of ore samples that pass from Eagle The First Town hand to hand. The stores are thronged Eagle City was practically the only with men discussing the locality and city in the Coeur d’Alene District the merits of the last new thing in during 1883. From it radiated the strikes; the centers are strewn with activities of that first mad scramble specimens of quartz from the different for gold. There is a magic in the word districts; while on the streets there “gold” that dwarfs most other con¬ is an ever-changing panaroma of coun¬ siderations. With continued discoveries tenances as the crowd diverts itself. farther and farther from this nucleus, The report of a pistol shot will bring other towns arose as a matter of con¬ a hundred men to their feet for an venience to miners and' business men. instant, and the saloons will disgorge During 1884 many towns had arisen, twice as many more in the same Murrayville being the largest and hav¬ moment, all on the alert to catch a ing outstripped even Eagle by that sensation, which has not occurred yet. fall. Then there is the arrival of pack trains Claim Jumping and toboggans in a stage of more or The placer grounds in the Coeur less dilapidation from hard usage on d’Alenes were really rich, and, while the different trails. On all hands, many who flocked in were disappointed, carpenters and mechanics are busy as is invariably true in mining excite¬ erecting shanties for temporary occu¬ ment, many others reaped a rich har¬ pancy; but talk with whom you will, vest. A great deal of litigation resulted you will find the most confidence ex¬ from claim jumping. The United States pressed in the outcome of the camp, statutes allowed each man to claim that we have the mineral here to make twenty acres of placer ground and to the biggest camp in America, and that hold' it legally by doing a small amount the business men are conservative of work upon it annually. Many enough not to be guilty or exaggerat¬ farmers from the Palouse country and ing the mineral wealth of our placer many others whose business was not fields and quartz lodes in order to en¬ mining took advantage of the law to courage a wild stampede. On all hands hold rich ground, while they gave there is a general disposition to tell much of their attention to other pur¬ the truth, to let the camp sustain it¬ suits. Mining men, who had come self, and to await developments on the long distances to secure claims and more promising quartz prospects be¬ make a stake working them, were fore booming the camp. The business naturally chagrined at this condition of men of Eagle include representatives things and jumped claims without

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scrupple when ever they found the towns that represented that excitement letter of the law had not been com¬ to lode mining. This decided shift be¬ plied with. According to established gan in September, 1885, with the dis¬ custom among mining men, miners’ covery of the Bunker Hill-Sullivan. meetings were held at different times Certainly placer mining continued' even and laws governing the districts were in the face of new lode discoveries. enacted. An attempt was made to And Murray continued for a few years. dispossess some of these absentee own¬ But as early as 1898 Murray had so ers, but the federal statutes prevailed deteriorated and Wallace had grown after expensive litigation. so rapidly that the county seat was Further Prospecting moved to the latter place. Placer The year 1884 was one of great booms are short lived. The nature of activity on the gulches of Prichard the mining makes it so. And unless and Eagle creeks in developing placer the placer finds lead to the lodes from mines and in all parts of the region whence the placer gold came, any in prospecting for both placer and placer boom dies down almost as fast , quartz locations. While many claims as it rises. There is placer mining yielded an ounce of gold a day and around Murray and Eagle today and others gave even larger cleanups, it such will likely continue for many was found that the greatest wealth years, but it is a desultory game. of the country was beyond the reach of the poor man and could only be secured by the investment of large Do the best you can while you are sums and' me use of expensive machin¬ here and' let the others take their re¬ ery. Prospecting parties were very sponsibilities after you are gone. Train aggressive throughout the year. En¬ the youth in industry so they will be couraged by Mr. Prichard, a number able to find jobs and make their way. of men visited Canyon CreeK and' Nine- Jerome J. Day. Mile Creea, staked out claims, and incited quite a rush to these areas Loyalty is the finest fibre in the and to Nigger Prairie. By the middle human breast—it rewards alike the of August 2,000 locations of placer humble and the great, makes the mining ground, embracing tracts vary¬ small man big and the big man bigger. ing from 160 acres to fractions of Mrs. William H. Clark. claims, were recorded on the books of Without reason we cannot be reas¬ the Coeur d’Alene District alone, and onable ana if we cannot be reasonable it was only one of five then in exis¬ we cannot be fair to ourselves or to tence, the other four being Summitt, others. Beaver, Evolution, and Eagle. Mrs. Tom S. Cooper. Gold Rush Of Short Duration The man who never made a mistake Prichard made his first locations in never made anything. 1882, sent out letters to his friends J. G. Driscoll. in 1883, in 1883-4 Eagle was the magic word, the benter of activity, in Friends: A most important requisite 1884-85 Murray claimed first atten¬ in our daily life. tion, thereafter activity waned. Even V. E. Edwards. in August, 1885, Kellogg, a carpenter, was out of work because the building He, who does no more than he is boom was over, he said. During the paid to do, will never be paid for next few years, attention gradually more than he does.” shifted from placer mines and the Stanley H. Fairweather.

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VII—EARLY DAY LAWLESSNESS that no effort was made to apprehend Lloyd Magruder Murdered his murderer. Lloyd Magruder was murdered near Vigilantes Disband the summit of the Bitterroot Moun¬ The local vigilantes recognized a new tains in 1863. He had' a pack train and wholesome power exercised by the of fifty mules loaded with supplies for court and' decided their work in main¬ the Bannock mines. By the time he taining law and order among the out¬ reached his destination, the nomads law element was done. They disband¬ had decamped and gone to Virginia ed. Subsequent events proved they City. He followed. After disposing were right. of his wares at the latter place, he Walter McDonald Killed had in his possession several thousand The Coeur d’Alenes did not exper¬ dollars in gold dust and about seventy- ience any such reign of lawlessness as five mules. On the return trip he was did OroFino and Florence placer dis¬ attacked by Renton, Lowery, Romaine, tricts, but there was some bloodshed and Page, who were traveling with during those early days. The first Magruder. Magruder dead, the assas¬ homicide was committed in April, sins shot all of the animals but eight 1884, by T. F. Richards, who shot and mules and one horse. They found killed Walter McDonald. The deed was about twelve thousand dollars among held' justifiable by the corner’s jury, Magruder’s belongings. Then they as the killing was plainly in self de¬ continued their journey to Lewiston. fense. Here they bought stage passage to Thomas Steele Shot Portland. But they did not get away until after they were recognized and The second killing, of which record suspected of the foul crime, of which has been found, was the shooting of they were guilty. Thomas Steele by D. S. Ferguson. From testimony adduced by the coroner’s Culprits Followed inquest, it appears that Steele was mis¬ One Hill Beachy, who was in the treating a drunken cyprian and that stage office when the four left, verified Ferguson interferred in her behalf, his suspicions by discovering the ani¬ whereupon Steele drew a revolver and mals they had pastured nearby. Beachy struck Ferguson a violent blow over followed the culprits to Portland, the head. Steele then stepped back a where he just missed his prey, and on few paces and fired at Ferguson but to San Francisco, where he captured missed his mark. Ferguson then shot them. It was a hazardous journey Steele, inflicting a mortal wound. back to Lewiston, but all five arrived John Enright Killed in due time. A homicide, which attracted wide at¬ Trial and Execution tention and which aroused the com¬ Vigilantes wanted to take charge munity to a high pitch of excitement, and summarily mete out due punish¬ was the killing of John Enright by ment to the murderers. But Beachy Henry Bernard July 2. 1884. The insisted that he had promised the men victim was a compositor in the office a fair trial and intended seeing they of the Pioneer, owned by Bernard. It received it. Mr. Page turned state’s appeared' from the testimony at the evidence and a trial followed with preliminary hearing that Enright had despatch. Renton, Lowery, and Ro¬ been discharged and paid the after¬ maine were hanged. Page was later noon of the homicide, that he came to murdered by a friend of those execut¬ the office for his blankets, but, in¬ ed. Sentiment against Page was such stead of taking them and going quiet-

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Iy about his business, kept complain¬ the town of the only white merchant, ing to Bernard of the shabby treat¬ that the Chinamen might have a mono¬ ment, which he claimed had been poly of the business, also that the given him. Bernard told him to go Mongolians were angry at Fraser for two or three times, but he still hung taking the part of the Indians against around the office. Finally Bernard them when they had paid the red men drew a revolver and pointed it at En¬ in bogus gold dust. A young man, right, telling him he must leave or who understood Chinese, disguised as get hurt. Enright received the threats an Indian, crept up to the court house, in a jocular manner. Bernard then where the Chinese were detained, and shot and killed Enright. By a change overheard them discussing the crime of venue Bernard was tried at Lewis¬ and how best to avoid punishment. ton in September. The jury found him The deputy sheriff and six others quilty of manslaughter. Judge Buck started out for Murray with the prison¬ sentenced him to eight years’ impri¬ ers, when they were met by a mob, sonment. He was confined in the only one of whom was masked, which state penitentiary for a time and was overpowered the convoy and hanged pardoned by Governor Shoup. the culprits against their wretched Chinese Lynched pleadings. No punishment was ever meted out to the lynchers, although The one great tragedy of 1885 in the affair was investigated by Secre¬ Shoshone County occurred at Pierce tary of State Bayard in July, 1886, for City in September. On the 10th day the purpose of satisfying the Chinese of that month at a very early hour, government. the body of the well known and re¬ spected old pioneer, David F. Frasier, was found in the deceased’s own store literally hacked to pieces with axes, hatchets, and knives. A bullet, also, “As in water face answereth to had enterea the mouth and passed out face, so the heart of man to man.” So through the side of the neck. An old said King Solomon, the wisest man county safe had been battered and the who ever lived. A friendly attitude lock broken, but Fraser’s own safe was toward others will be repaid by friend¬ untouched, as was all the rest of his ship, and nate by hate. If we, as indi¬ property. The body was taken to viduals and nations, would admit the Lewiston for interment. After its ar¬ absolute truth of that statement, it rival there, 20 or 25 citizens left for would alleviate much of the misery the scene to endeavor to find a clue to that individuals and nations are go¬ the murders. These were joined by ing through at the present time. about 15 men from Camas Prairie. Glenna Egbert. Upon their arrival at Pierce, they surrounded the town, sending in a The wise man uses today to achieve small posse to learn of the situation. tomorrow. He uses what he has to It was found that the few white men get what he wants. He makes no lit¬ in camp had arrested eight Chinamen tle plans and is satisfied with no on a charge of complicity in the crime, small achievements. including two Chinese merchants of Eulah Flanigan. Pierce. A preliminary hearing had been given them and five were held The constitution of the country for trial, the others being discharged. guarantees you life, liberty, and the It developed that the crime had been right to pursue happiness. commuted for the purpose of ridding A. M. Flink

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Shooting A Hoodoo If you do what is right, you will “One of our first adventures after get ahead. You had better write a our arrival at Eagle City,” wrote W. poorer examination paper of your own T. Stoll, “represents a side of the life than to write a better one copied we found. We made our way one night from your neighbor. to a saloon. A large heated tent shel¬ Lorabell Giudici. tered a busy bar and poker and faro tables. These, as usual, were full up. Work, thou, for pleasure, paint or Our attention centered upon a group sing or carve; absored in stud poker. Now, gamblers The thing thou lovest tho the body are as a rule superstitious, believing starve. in secret and mysterious influences at Who works for glory misses oft the work behind their cards. One callous- goal; hearted gamester, after a consistent Who works for money coins his very run of heavy losses, began looking for soul. his hoodoo. He quickly found It in Work for work’s sake, then, and it the person of Oregon John, a worth¬ well may be less underworld follower and camp That these things shall be done unto hanger-on. Oregon John, it developed thee. at a glance, had committed the unpar¬ Mrs. Phil Giudici. donable offense of watching the game with one foot on the rung of the Our future is in our hands to make gambler’s chair. The gambler, his hoo¬ or to mar. It will be an uphill fight doo discovered, rose deliberately from to the end, and would we have it his seat and shot Oregon John through otherwise? We live in a dangerous the heart. There was no demonstra¬ age, but in an extraordinarily inter¬ tion. Someone carted the body out esting one. History is being made on without ceremony and buried it. The a vast and quicker scale than ever incident had' given riddance to rub¬ before. For the United States I am bish.” hopeful, and I believe that, if we are willing to adapt ourselves to the new and' changing conditions of life, we From the Civil War days in the U. may be as great a nation as ever. My S. to World War No. 2 is a long span mother often said: “I hope that I shall of years and in between have been find time to think as I die.” “I am crowded many events, which I have glad that I lived when and where I followed with interest. I still have did. It was a great show.” faith in humanity and believe that Albert J. Graf. right and justice will eventually pre¬ vail upon this earth. Our greatest glory is not in never Mrs. Alice E. Brainard failing, but in rising every time we fall.—Confucius. It seems strange that countries, even W. E. Griffith. when they cannot feed their hungry citizens, can always get enough mon¬ What would life be without Loyalty. ey to fight a war. Hilma Hager. Vaughn N. Garriott. To be happy, you must work. The It is easier to do an honest day’s most miserable people in the world work than to loaf, waiting for the are those who do not work and who whistle. live without aims or ambitions. Phil Giudici. Mrs. LeRoy C. Harris

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Vn—LODE MIXING night a sawmill driven by water power First Lode Location was erected in the camp and Kellogg’s The first lode location in the Coeur last occupation was gone. He then went d’Alenes was made by A. J. Prichard to work on the construction of a ditch at what is called “Evolution,” taking for the purpose of carrying water from the name of his claim. Many other a mountain stream to a placer mine, locations followed, especially in Nine called the “Morgan” ditch. He had no Mile and in Canyon Creek gulches. money and was unable to pay the men But the ones that have made history he had hired to help him whip-saw in the district and the ones that first lumber. He also owed one ranger, brought lode mining to the attention a supply merchant, for provisions. He of the outside world are the Bunker was furnished supplies by the ditch Hill and Sullivan locations up Milo company, while at work for it, but re¬ Creek. Many and varied stories have ceived no wages. Afterwards, in 1885, gone the rounds about these locations the proprietor settled' with his em¬ and about the events preceding and ployees at 33 per cent, of their credits. succeeding them. Some such are con¬ In August, 1884, Kellogg quit work on tained in Tall Tales below. Around the Morgan ditch enterprise and was the Bunker Hill-Sullivan claims, the employed to survey and locate the district’s greatest producers of wealth, "California” ditch, at four dollars per have been woven much romance. The day. He received his wages weekly particular conditions, under which they and paid up his debts and when he were discovered', the law suit that fol¬ had done this he had only a few lowed, man’s natural instinct to dram¬ dollars left, so that when the winter atize important events, and the magni¬ of 1884-5 came on he was penniless. tude of yield, all contribute to immor¬ He procurred sufficient work to pay talize this great discovery. his expenses by labor as a carpenter. Background Of The Discoverer When spring came in the latter year, Noah S. Kellogg, a carpenter by he possessed his chest of tools, his trade, had wandered' over Washing¬ blankets, a cooking outfit, and the ton, Oregon, California, Montana, Brit¬ general apparel of a workingman. He ish Columbia, and Idaho in an attempt conceived the idea of erecting a little to better his financial conditions. He mill at Murray for the manufacture had' left his wife, stricken with par¬ of shingles. He incurred debts to the alysis, in eastern Washington in the amount of three hundred dollars in care of her grown daughter and made erecting his machinery and occupied his way on borrowed money into Eagle some weeks in its construction. His City in May, 1884, in the hope of knives were made by cutting a steel better caring for her. He had Five saw blade into the proper shape with Dollars, a suit of ragged clothes, and a cold chisel and fastening them with a roll of blankets when he reached rivets to the head gearing. When the Eagle City. In a few days his expenses affair was put in operation, it was had exhausted his Five Dollars and, discovered that the blades were too borrowing Sixteen Dollars from E. D. thin and weak to stand the strain and Garrison, he went to Murray, a few began to break and' go to pieces, so miles distant, seeking for something much so as to endanger the operators. with which to sustain life. As the machinery wildly rovolved, the Using his borrowed money to pay working men ran out of the shed to for a whip-saw and other tools, he escape the flying particles. The mill went to whip-sawing lumber for the was a “dead failure” and as Kellogg use of miners. At the end of a fort¬ expressed it, “never sold a shingle.”

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Kellogg Turns Prospector went into the mountains to find wealth In June, 1885, so Kellog claimed for himself and his backers. It is a (Kellogg Evening News, August 22, well known relation between prospec¬ 1935), he sold his chest of tools to tor and staker that whatever is dis¬ obtain money to procure a lot of sup¬ covered while the relation lasts belongs plies and started alone into the mount¬ equally to both parties. Even though ains to prospect for a mine. The trial the grub stake were small, its use in later (Silver Strike) brought out the the enterprise entitled Cooper and fact that in August, 1885, Kellogg Peck to one-half of the discoveries of sought O. O. Peck of Murray, a build¬ the prospector. The point that later ing contractor, for whom Kellogg had rose between the claimants was wheth¬ worked at the carpentry trade, to try er that relation of prospector and grub to persuade Peck to grub stake him staker existed at the time of discovery. on a trip to the mountains. Kellogg Kellogg claimed (Kellogg Evening found Peck in Dr. J. T. Cooper’s of¬ News, August 22, 1935) that he went fice. Kellogg made his wants known, up Elk Creek, where he found some whereupon Peck turned to Cooper and specimens of rook, which he took to proposed that the two. Cooper and Cooper and Peck, who refused to pay Peck, go in together on the grub stake. for filing on the ground because the They agreed on a small supply and showing was poor. In court (Silver bought it on credit from the Jim Strike), Kellogg testified that he went Wardner store in Murray. The out¬ up Big Creek and found said iron cap¬ fit was placed on the back of a burro ping. Then he claimed to have re¬ running loose about Murray, and Kel¬ turned to Murray, hungry from hav¬ logg went into the mountains grub¬ ing run out of grub the day before, staked by Cooper and Peck. and asked Cooper for a meal, which The Burro was refused. He said that Cooper and During the previous winter a man Peck thereupon told him the relation from Colorado had brought into the Oif prospectors-stakers between them country a train of animals loaded with was at an end' and that Kellogg would mining supplies for the market. Among "be on his own” thereafter. He went these was a Spanish burro, which, hav¬ to Cooper, whom he disliked, but did ing strayed away during the stay of not seek Peck, whom he considered a his owner, was found' the following friend. These two stories evidently spring running at large on the mea¬ contradict each other. Both Cooper dows of Coeur d’Alene. He annoyed and Peck testified that they had not the people of Murray with his fre¬ seen Kellogg from the time he left on quent braying, at times incessant bray¬ his trip until after the stampede caus¬ ing. Cooper testified that he had paid ed by the find up Milo Creek. Kel¬ Three Dollars for the Jack, to whom logg, refused something to eat bv nobody seems to know. “Dutch Jake” Cooper, he said, then went to Phil Goetz claimed to have donated the O’Rourke and “Dutch Jake” Goetz and same Jack to Kellogg when the latter told them he had made a find. They returned to his find up Milo Creek gave him a meal and then talked over (Jim Wardner of Wardner, Idaho). the possibilities of the situation. Kel¬ Others have claimed' the beast. The logg testified that Phil and Jake p’-o- real status of the Jack may never be vided supplies and' accompanied him known. to the find. They went up Big Creek, Kellogg Starts Prospecting followed a dyke across the creek, but With the supplies furnished by Coop¬ could not find the former discovery. er and Peck, as a grup stake, Kellogg They worked their way westward into

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Milo Creek, where they made a new of these he used and properly posted discovery, the Bunker Hill. Kellogg it. This took him in all thirteen days. claimed in court that the Sullivan was Then he returned to Murray, more discovered later and was not a part resentful than ever that Cooper and of his belongings. He had a secret Peck should have been so lucky, with agreement, however, to share in the such a small investment, as to share Sullivan, although this could not be in this magnificent find, for such he proven in court. believed it to be. He decided on the Digest of Different Stories return trip not to let Cooper and Peck There have been so many tales of have an interest in the deal. This these events that the real facts are was intensified' when O’Rourke and greatly obscured. Another thing that Goetz and he made their plans of oper- makes the truth difficult to determine action. Phil O’Rourke left town first is the fact that popular opinion at that and went to the Old Mission, where time was strongly favorable to Kellogg he secured an ample supply of provi¬ and O’Rourke and just as positive sions and was to meet the other mem¬ against Cooper and Peck. O’Rourke’s bers of the party at Jackass Prairie, free whiskey had done much to create where Kellogg now stands. Goetz and a popular conclusion and to arouse Con Sullivan left next to meet at the public emotion. Prom several sources appointed place. Then after dark available this story is approximately Kellogg left for the rendevous. what happened. Kellogg was broke O’Rourke returned with his provisions. and had no prospect of carpentry work, Goetz and Sullivan got lost and roam¬ as the boom had gone out of placer ed about the hills, came into Pine and building had stopped. He per¬ Creek and' back to the South Fork of suaded Cooper and Peck, a doctor and the Coeur d’Alene River. Goetz was a building contractor, to jointly grub¬ sore, thinking Kellogg had fooled stake him. He was given, he said, 35 them, and returned to Murray, where pounds of bacon, 10 pounds of beans, he received word that all was well and 15 pounds of flour, some sugar, and for him to return to Milo Creek. Sul¬ coffee. livan left Goetz at the mouth of Milo Creek and found the other two, Kel¬ These he packed on the burro found logg and O’Rourke, at camp. They roaming the streets of Murray and went to the location notice, removed started into the hills, grumbling to the one Kellogg had made, and wrote himself and contemptuous of the meag¬ another, this time O’Rourke wrote it, er and inadequate outfit they had giv¬ named the new owners, and failed to en him, a total value of less than mention Cooper and Peck. $20.00, a quantity that would, under the most favorable circumstances, last Tradition has it that one claim was him no more than six weeks. But named the Bunker Hill after a battle he was in financial straits and had no of the Revolutionary War and the choice in the matter. He made his other Sullivan after the pugilist. way over the skyline, down Beaver Others say the Sullivan was named Creek, over another ridge and into after Con Sullivan, who was present. what is now Osborn. From here he The Jack was there, too, but the part went up Milo Creek, making his camp he played in the discovery was likely three miles from the mouth. This that of a beast of burden, certainly had taken him two days. He found not that of a prophet Ass. the galena outcroppings and located O’Rourke had brought location no¬ his find. Cooper and Peck had sup¬ tices of his own. Later it was dis¬ plied him with location notices. One covered that Kellogg had used the no-

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tice Cooper and Peck had given him, short, curt opinion affirmed it in which was found near the post, while February, 1887. the second notice was one of those Jim Wardner’s Story of the Discovery. brought by O’Rourke. They differed Jim Wardner said he was in Murray enough to be readily distinguished when John Flaherty dashed up to him from each other. and told him, “Jim, I’ve seen a mine The Judgment of the Court. what is a mine.” And John proceed¬ ed to tell Jim where he could find it, At the outset of the trial that would up Milo Creek, and how to get there. decide whether or not Cooper and Peck Jim started out at night and reached were entitled to an interest in the the camp of the locators the next Bunker Hill and Sullivan mine, the de¬ morning, while the latter were making fendants had secured a jury to decide breakfast. Wardner said that Con Sul¬ the facts in the case. It was assumed livan was one of the three in the camp that a jury would be favorable to the when he arrived. He stated, too, that defendants and, further, that the judge the Sullivan was named after Con. would not dare rule contrary to the The three showed Jim the two out¬ jury’s decision. They were right in croppings, one on each side of the believing the jury favored the defen¬ creek on opposite slopes. Jim left dants, but they misjudged the charac¬ them at the Bunker Hill location and ter of Judge Buck, who sat on the disappeared among the timber at the bench. The jury deliberated but a few creek. Here he located the water in moments and returned the verdict in Milo Creek, “several hundred inches” favor of the defendants on all counts. he said. To make the location per¬ Judge Buck spat an unusually large fect, he needed a witness, so he cal¬ gob of tobacco juice on the floor. led the men to him and told them Claggett looked toward the plaintiffs’ what he had' done, knowing the fu¬ council and smiled in triumph. Coop¬ ture mine would need the water he er was silent, Peck dejected. Major had just located. Woods, plaintiffs’ council, chuckled to himself. There was a roar of applause Jim AVardner Takes Option. and a rush of congratulations. This is Jim Wardner’s story of the O’Rourke was the hero of the hour. events immediately following his loca¬ Kellogg was lionized. Within the ting the water: ‘“Now, Boys,’ I said, week, upon motion of the plaintiffs’ ‘Here’s a fresh bottle’ (hauling out council. Major Wood, W. B. Heyburn, the second quart from my pocket). W. T. Stoll, the jury’s findings were ‘Let’s tase a drink to Jim Wardner, disregarded and a judgment entered who, you will find, is the best partner for the plaintiffs. Judge Buck went any of you ever had; for these mines into detail in reviewing the testimony and this water are inseperable. Let’s and' detailed his conclusions, explain¬ go down to the camp and talk things ing, also, the inherent right of the over.’ After arriving at the camp I court to render a judgment contrary proceeded to explain things from my to the findings of the jury. “In con¬ point of view: clusion,” he said, "I find evidence “ ‘Your are good enough miners to ample, sufficient, and abundant to en¬ know that neither the burnt out-crop¬ title the plaintiffs to a judgment of pings of the Bunker Hill nor the very a quarter interest in the Bunker Hill wonderful 40-foot wide blowout of ga¬ claim. That will be the judgment.” lena upon the Sullivan is positive as¬ (Silver Strike) The case was appeal¬ surance of great wealth to the outfit. ed to the Supreme Court of the Terri¬ We don’t know anything yet about the tory of Idaho; and that court in a values carried, but we do know that

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so large a mass of galena would not to interest capital! Wardner tried in be apt to carry any fabulous silver Spokane, Portland, San Francisco all value. Ve are one hundred miles in vain. Then Governor Hauser of from a railway and more than a thou¬ Helena, Montana, took an interest, sand miles from a smelter. The stuff ordered machinery for a 100-ton con¬ has got to run like a scared wolf to centrator, and things moved forward be worth packing out. I know you are with a rush. After a year or two the all broke, that you need money, most property was sold to Simeon G. Reed of all, a little ready money. That is of Portland, who later sold it to the where I come in strong, because I will present owners. give you $500 now, and I have more A Great Future than $15,000 in Hussey’s bank in Mur¬ Under the able management of Stan¬ ray, which I am ready to blow in on ley A. Easton, the Bunker Hill and this layout. But I want to manage Sullivan has produced millions and things in my own way ... In the has ore in sight to last more than meantime you are to promise me that 50 years longer. no other person shall have an option or opportunity upon this property un¬ SUNSHINE—PREMIER SILVER til I have decided what can be done PRODUCER and what is best to do for all con¬ History and Development of the cerned.’ Sunshine Mine “Pledges over the last of the whis¬ key were made and then we went up (By L. C. Richards) to the Sullivan to get samples.” One of the few mining properties to develop into national and economic First Ore Shipped importance within the past few years Shelby and Company of San Fran¬ is the Sunshine Mine. This operation cisco agreed to take all the ore of the is located on Big Creek, approximately class represented by the sample that two miles from the South Fork of the could be furnished, and at a price Coeur d’Alene River and in the center that would leave a good margin of of the famous dry ore belt of the profit. The first shipment of ore to Coeur d’Alene District, about six miles go out of the Coeur d’Alenes was this from the town of Kellogg, in Shoshone from the Bunker Hill and Sullivan County, Idaho. The importance of the mine at Wardner. It was hauled to Sunshine Mine as a producer of sil¬ Kingston in December, 1885, by ver can be appreciated when one con¬ Thomas Graney, where it was sorted, siders that its production this year and loaded on the steamer Coeur will approximate one-fifth of the na¬ d’Alene by which it was taken to tion’s total. Coeur d’Alene City, ana from there In view of this it may be well to it was hauled in wagons to Rath- deviate into the past and try to recon¬ drum, then the nearest railroad point. struct the history behind the Sunshine. Gov. Hauser Builds Concentrator Going back to September, 1884, we The men soon depleted the ore in find True and Dennis Blake filing the the blowout and there appeared noth¬ first of a series of claims called the ing more. But the work was contin¬ Yankee “Load.” Later they filed ad¬ ued in the hope of finding the ore ditional claims and patented them in chute. Just when Wardner was broke 1909 as the Yankee Group. The Blake and all seemed lost, a 36-foot vein boys, as they were known to the early of low grade ore was struck. It would residents, worked their claims inter¬ make a great concentrating proposit¬ mittently for over 30 years. Outside ion. But this would take money. How of the fact that they hand-picked and

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Kellogg, Idaho Osbum Phone 295-W-4 hand-jigged, their ore, and occasionally of old type Zeigler cells, where a con¬ shipped a carload to the East Helena centrate product was recovered. The Smelter, little is known of their activi¬ value from the sands was recovered by ties. This, as some old-timers will con¬ Wilfley tables. Assay sheets of 1921 cur, was due to their secretive natures. and 1922 show a recovery of 80 per Consquently, they did all of their cent and an average concentrate pro¬ mining alone, without the aid of any duct of 150 ounces of silver per ton hired men, and it is doubtful whether as compared to the present average anyone outside of the Blakes them¬ I, 000 ounces with a recovery of bet¬ selves know the total value of the ore ter than 98 per cent. that they mined, and this secret they In the early twenties, the company carried with them to their graves. drove a larger adit, now called the Rumors as to the amount vary from main level, approximately the same di¬ a few thousanu to a half-million dol¬ rection as the Price level. This and lars. One thing is certain, the Blake the sinking of a vertical shaft to 500 boys were hard workers, as witnessed feet below the main level made up by the fact that the development on most of the development work prior to their claims when patented in 1909 1926. consisted of ten tunnels, three open C. S. Samuels was retained as man¬ cuts, and a shaft for a total valuation ager of the property in 1926. He im¬ of $18,140.00. mediately started work on the present Later the Blakes relinquished their inclined shaft which he subsequently mining activities to lessors, S. L. sank to the 1900 level. In addition Shone and later Dan Price, being the he made numerous changes in the con¬ most important of this group. The lat¬ centrating plant, which continued to ter drove an adit 1,700 ft. long, 500 be enlarged until 1935, when the pre¬ ft. below the lowest previous workings. sent modern 500 ton mill replaced the The ore located by this action did not old concentrator. live up to the expectations and he was In January, 1935, Frank Eichelberg- forced to abandon his efforts. er, well-known as consulting mining In January of 1921, the Sunshine engineer, took over the active opera¬ Mining Company was incorporated tion of the property, having been elec¬ with a capitalization of 1,500,000 ted vice president in charge of opera¬ shares of stock at a par value of ten tions. At the same time he engaged cents a share. The property then con¬ J. E. Shimmin, nationally known sisted of 15 patented and one unpat¬ metallurgist, to design and construct ented claim. Soon a mill was con¬ the new mill. The work of rebuilding structed by Charley Lynch, an old time the mill was started January 5, 1935, Coeur d’Alene millwright. The mill and completed March 28, 1935. The had a capacity of probably 25 tons per plant as it is today, is modern and day. The ore was treated in the fol¬ complete in every detail and is unique lowing manner: For crushing, a small in that the fine-grinding and flotation Blake crusher, then through a set of departments are housed in a building 10-in. rolls. From there the feed pas¬ 33 ft. wide and 55 ft. long, this at the sed through three sets of Hartz jigs same time leaving ample space around where a concentrate was made for all machines, which makes operation shipment. A jig middling product and maintenance easy. Visibility is was further treated being ground in exceptionally good, it being possible to a small ball mill and classified by a observe all machinery from one point. drag classifier into slimes and sands. Fine grinding is effected in two units, The slimes were sent through a set each consisting of a Hardinge ball mill

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Wallace, Idaho Wallace, Idaho 37

working in closed circuit with a 36-in. and Simon Hailey, foreman of the Double-Spinal Submerged-Type Akins Poorman mine. classifier of the latest design. The In 1897, the company’s stock sold ball mills classifiers, Wilfley pumps as low as a cent or two a share. and filter are all on the main floor The first tunnel, now known as No. level. The 12-cell 24-in. Denver Equip¬ 3 level of the Hecla, had shown a lit¬ ment Sub-A Flotation machine, flota¬ tle ore but not enough to cause much tion reagent feeders, conditioner tank, enthusiasm. This tunnel, the com¬ and motor starting equipment are on pany’s first major development, en¬ an elevated floor. All Walkways on countered the vein a few feet from the elevated floor are latticed to elim¬ the portal and followed it thereafter. inate shadows from the lighting sys¬ At a point about 350 feet from the tem. Indirect lighting is used very portal, a narrow seam of galena was effectively throughout. encountered, which was hardly com¬ In addition, Mr. Eichelberger chang¬ mercial. Drifting stopped a short dis¬ ed the method of stoping in the mine. tance beyond to the east not far from Horizontal cut and fill stopes (flat- the company’s property line. Later, a back stopes) were started' where con¬ lease was given to Joseph Dolan, who ditions were favorable, in order to re¬ associated with Dan Cardoner and duce the dilution of the ore. John Clark. These lessors sank a Offered Position With Sunshine. winze on the small showing just men¬ Early in the year of 1936, Mr. Leisk tioned to a depth of approximately was offered the position of General 150 feet without any improvement in Manager of the Sunshine Mining Com¬ the showing. pany. He took over his duties at the The company then decided to pur¬ company office on April first of that chase the adjoining Van Dorn property, year and has continued in that capa¬ and an option was secured on it for city ever since. $27,500. Funds were exhausted, and Hecla Sees Changes to raise this money the company was It is a matter of notoriety that the reorganized as a Washington corpora¬ first owners of the Hecla Mining Co., tion with a capital of one million one of the world’s largest lead-silver shares of the par value of 25 cents producing mines, although these own¬ per share. The increased capital was ers were the leading mining men in all subscribed by the old shareholders. the district, had little faith in their Van Dorn’s holdings purchased, and property, and' in fact only located the development of the property resumed. ground because of its prospective value The first milling was done in the for townsite and railroad terminal fa¬ Standard Mill at Wallace. Later, as cilities at Burke. Shortly after its the production increased, the mill at location, a railroad right-of-way was Gem, since purchased, remodeled, and sold; and with this money the first enlarged by the company, was leased development work was financed. for this purpose. In 1891 the Company had been in¬ The first dividend, $20,000, was corporated as an Idaho corporation paid in July, 1900, and the total for with a capital of five hundred thou¬ 1900 amounted to $100,000. sand shares of the par value of one None was paid thereafter until dollar each. The principal owners 1903. Since that time dividends have were: Patrick Clark, then operating been paid practically without interrup¬ the Poorman mine; Finch and Camp¬ tion. As early as 1907, Hecla, the bell, who were then operating the Gem wonder-mine, paid a minimum of $20,- mine; George Hardisty, storekeeper; 000 per month dividends to its stock-

CITIZENS FRANK'S AUTO UTILITIES CO. REPAIR SHOP PACKARD Sales and Service 612 Cedar Street Auto Paintin* Storage Wallace, Idaho 509 Cedar St. Wallace, Idaho 38 holders. Often the quarterly dividend ating were developed under lean sur¬ at that time exceeded $150,000. face showings. Even the Bunker Hill Finch and Campbell controlled the did not reveal its true greatness in property until 1903. E. H. Moffitt the beginning. As development work was manager during their regime and proceeded, one after another of them directed all the development work up “made good” in spectacular fashion. It till that time. J. R. Smith of Chicago, is reasonably certain that this process and associates, then secured' control, will continue and that great ore bodies Finch and Campbell retaining their in¬ will continue to be discovered for some terest in the company. They selected time to come, some of them in unex¬ the late James F. McCarthy as mana¬ pected places. It is true that some ger. Since then, Mr. McCarthy man¬ of the development projects in the aged affairs of the Hecla until his district have failed to make mines; death. but, in the nature of things, we can’t The company has had among its expect every prospect to make good. business and operating officials some As compared to some districts, a re¬ well-known names in northwestern markably high percentage of Coeur mining affairs. John A. Finch and A. d’Alene mining ventures prove to be B. Campbell, who were among its early successful. A number of failures have officers, were pioneer operators in the been due to lack of proper technical district and were responsible for the direction, and these will make mines development of the Gem mine, the when the work is done as it should Standard Mine, and for the early op¬ be done. erations of the Hecla. R. K. Neill was Coeur d’Alene mines have “gone one of its early superintendents. down” to considerable depth, and there L. E. Hanley succeeded to the pres¬ is good reason to believe that many of idency upon the demise of J. F. Mc¬ them will attain much greater depths Carthy, and at present is managing than is at present generally recognized. the business. To geologists, the deposits are in the UNLIMITED POSSIBILITIES “mesothermal” class; and in this div¬ The Coeur d’Alene Mining district ision are many of the deeper mines of has been exploited for more than 50 the world. A characteristic common in years. A glance at the history of this deposits of this type in other districts period shows a series of recurring dis¬ is their tendency to “come again” coveries of large bodies of ore. Some after having apparently played out with of these have been lead-silver ore; in depth. An ore shoot will “bottom”, others zinc has predominated; and, the lower parts containing all the recently, great ore bodies in which sil¬ characteristic minerals that we expect ver is the principal metal of value to find at the extreme lower limit of have been opened. The ore shoots are ore. Below that, there is a zone of deep seated, and many of them have barren vein filling of greater or less comparatively barren surface outcrops. extent than the top of a deep ore shoot With a few exceptions that have been that may be as large or larger than discovered by blind chance, the cor¬ the one above. The existence of occur¬ rect interpretation of surface geology rences of this kind has not yet been has played a large part in their dis¬ fully proven in this district, but some¬ covery. thing of the kind is to be expected. Mines Developed From Lean Surface The d'iscoverey of such ore at great Showings. depth will no doubt extend the life of With the exception of the Bunker the district; but its greatest extension Hill, all of the larger mines now oper¬ is likely to come from the discovery

Compliments of the Compliments of

JITTERBUG SWEET’S HOTEL

308 Sixth Street Osburn, Idaho Wallace, Idaho 39

of new mines or, what amounts to the have been opened and have production same thing, the development of old records, but development has been com¬ prospects into mines. paratively shallow. Two things have New Discoveries Imminent retarded deep development: the fact Looking over the Coeur d’ Alene that some of the ore shoots have ap¬ region in general, we see several sec¬ parently been “bottomed” and that tions where new discoveries seem im¬ they are all enclosed in the Prichard minent. formation. There is a poorly founded First, there is the “Silver Belt” theory current among mining men that where the famous Sunshine Mine re¬ ore will not “go down” in the Prichard' cently caused much excitement by because slate and slate-like rocks are developing into one the major silver not so readily replaced by ore as the mines of the world. Several other quartzite formations. The theory com¬ mines in this belt or zone of veins are pletely overlooks the fact that where making good and still others are likely mineralization is intense the slates are to “strike it rich.” The “Silver Belt” first converted' into a highly siliceous is made up of a zone of interconnected rock which is then replaced by ore. veins extending eastward and west¬ The siliceous slate is just as amenable ward on the south side of the river to replacement as quartzite. Ore shoots between Wallace and Kellogg. South terminate downward because of high of this zone, there are several other temperature conditions at the time of vein systems similar in character of deposition. Later, lower temperatures mineralization to the Sunshine veins. make deeper deposits possible; and Only superfical work has been done on when, as is often the case, a second them so far; and while no second Sun¬ surge of mineralization takes place, shine has been found, there is no ap¬ new ore shoots will be deposited' below parent reason why they should not the older shallow shoots. Some con¬ contain important ore bodies at depth. crete evidence that this has happened Veins of this type have been found in the area under discussion is being as far south as the neighborhood of found in the Red Monarch tunnel Striped Peak. There are also lead where work is now being done under bearing veins in the Striped Peak area the working of the Old Rex mine. that have not yet been prospected ex¬ Lead ore with very little zinc is being cept superficially. found under an ore shoot that changed Attractive Opportunities Near Burke from lead to zinc ore with depth, and Another promising section is the then was apparently “bottomed.” If region between Burke and Mullan, ex¬ this lead ore continues to appear at tending from Canyon Creek indefinitely the lower horizon, it will lead to the southeastward, say five miles. This reopening of all the old mines in the area contains several important mines, Sunset Peak region and probably to and a great deal of money has been the discovery of new ones. spent in unsuccessful attempts to find Pine Creek Rich In Zinc Ore others. In spite of this, there are A fourth section is the Pine Creek still attractive opportunities to open area southwest of Kellogg, known new mines there; and properly di¬ mainly as a producer of zinc ore, al¬ rected development work would bring though other metals such as lead, sil¬ in three or more of them. ver, antimony, and gold are found Sunset Peak Promising there. Development has been retarded A third promising section is the in the past by poor zinc markets, but Sunset Peak Region and the adjoining there has been a decided improvement area southwest of it. Several mines in the demand for zinc, and the future KELLOGG BILLIARD KELLOGG TAXI Anywhere Anytime PARLOR Guns, Ammunition, Fishing Tackle Phone 60 or 107-J Louie Pack Fountain and Beer Service STAND AT DAVENPORT CAFE Kellogg, Idaho 40

The Percentages Shoshone County Mines Produced of the Total State Production in 1938.

Gold 1 Silver 1 Cooper 1 Lead 1 Zinc 11 All 3.91 | 91.22 | 88.03 | 89.25 | 72.53 | 76.98

of these mines look bright. As in the Recent discoveries of lead and silver case of the Sunset Peak area, the ore ore there have given some reason to bodies tend to change rapidly from hope that the prejudice against this lead' to zinc ore as they are followed part of the district has been unjust¬ downward. The tendency to terminate ified. downward in high temperature min¬ Mullan Region Has Possibilities erals is not so pronounced. This change Other outlying areas are not without in the character of the ore has nothing possibilities. The region including the to do with the enclosing wall rock Atlas mine south of Mullan is interest¬ because there is no corresponding ing. This area is south of the Osburn change in the formation. Such ore fault, thus is in a separate province, bodies, if they do play out, will “come from the Morning and Star mines again” with greater depth and again which are north of the fault. How¬ produce lead-silver ore. Recent re¬ ever, it is reported that important dis¬ ports from the Sidney Mine, which at coveries of lead-silver ore have been present has the deepest development made there; and, where one such mine in the Pine Creek area, say that a is found, others are always possible. good grade of lead ore is being found Speaking in general, the Coeur at depth there. This will encourage d’Alene mining district offers many deep development elsewhere in that opportunities for deep prospecting. Sur¬ area and probably lead to new dis¬ face prospecting is difficult because coveries. so few of the ore bodies reach the One occurrence in the Pine Creek surface. A working knowledge of local area is worth noting because it is an geology is essential to the understand¬ anomaly in the Coeur d’Alene. This is ing of the surface indications. Deep a basic dike that has been crushed by prospecting is expensive; but, given lateral thrust faulting and then partly the necessary knowledge and sufficient replaced by quartz and arsenopyrite capital, it is likely to be very profit¬ carrying gold. This dike has been able. traced through three properties. The only similar deposit in this part of the country known to the writer is in the If you want to make a dangerous region west of Cataldo. It is not un¬ man your friend, let him do you a likely that others will be found. favor.—L. E. Lawes. Gordon (Bush) Corheill A fifth area lies north of the river and of the silver belt. It is separated Friendship is the greatest asset in from the silver belt by the Osburn the world. fault; and, therefore, is in a different Wealth, success and all the honors geologic province. Development of this that one can obtain do not compare area has been delayed by the fact that with the happiness and pride of hav¬ it is north of the fault and because ing one good, loyal friend.—Anon. part of it is in the Prichard formation. Judge Robert L. Duvall

Compliments of Courtesy of FREMONT RESTAURANT SAXTON'S FINE FOOD CONFECTIONERY

621 Bank St. Wallace, Idaho 510 Cedar St. Wallace, Idaho DRILLING IN SUNSHINE MINE Largest Silver Mine In the United' States

MR. NOAH S. KELLOGG Discoverer of Bunker Hill & Sullivan Mine At Kellogg

A. J. PRICHARD Who "Discovered” the Coeur d’ PHIL O'ROURKE Alene District A Member of the "Outfit” WARDNER DURING THE EARLY 1900 S

FATHER CATALDO AND HIS INDIAN FRIENDS 41

IX—TRANSPORTATION Pacific Railway into narow gauge cars Railroads and Navigation owned by the Coeur d’Alene Navigation By Fred R. Levering Company. The Coeur d’Alene Railroad The Coeur d’Alene Steam Navigation and Navigation Company was aban¬ and Transportation Company was in¬ doned in 1897. Now the greater por¬ corporated February 6, 1885, It oper¬ tion of its right-of-way is used by ated a boat line between Coeur d’Alene Highway No. 10. City and the lake and the Old Mission The Oregon - Washington Railroad on the river, a distance of 45 miles. and Navigation Company was built It began operating July 31, 1886, and from Harrison to Wallace in 1899 and continued until the sale of its property extended into Mullan and Burke. The to the Coeur d’Alene Railway and Nav¬ Northern Pacific Railway was extended igation Company in March, 1887. At from Missoula to Wallace in 1891. that time they owned the steamers About the time the narrow gauge was “Coeur d'Alene,” “Kootenai,” and abandoned the Northern Pacific Rail¬ “General Sherman.” Their total value way entered into an agreement with was $99,700 and three barges were the OregonWashington- Railway and valued at $2,750. This company oper¬ Navigation Company, which is now a ated until October 1, 1888, when it part of the Union Pacific System, was leased to the Northern Pacific whereby the O-W. R. & N., would Railway, which operated it until Jan¬ abandon their road into Mullan and uary 26, 1897. they in return would handle the bus¬ The famous old steamer, “Georgia iness into Kellogg for the Northern Oaks,” was built in 1895 at a cost of Pacific Railway. $10,000 and added to the fleet operat¬ The Idaho Northern Railway was ing on the Coeur d’Alene Lake. built from Enaville to Murray in 1910 Steamer “Kootenai” was dismantled in by E. P. Spaulding. The president was 1899 and the “Georgia Oaks” sold to Barney O’Neil, master mechanic, Fred the White Star Navigation Company, Viele. They operated a passenger train the “Red Collar Line,” October 3, called the "Merry Widow,” because of 1907. It was later sold to the Coeur the wide smoke stack on the engine. d’Alene-St. Joe Transportation Com¬ This railroad was washed out by the pany, where it made many popular ex¬ flood in 1917 and has never been re¬ cursion trips down the shadowy St. Joe built. River. The Union Pacific had just com¬ This boat line served as a connecting pleted a branch from Delta to the Red link between Coeur d’Alene City and Monarch Mine in 1917 when the flood the Old Mission. The Coeur d’Alene washed it out also. The Sunset Peak Railroad and Navigation Company ex¬ Branch of the Northern Pacific Rail¬ tended from the Old Mission to Wal¬ way was built in 1895. After the Suc¬ lace and was commonly referred as the cess Mine had worked out and the “Old Narrow Gauge.” The distance be¬ Tamarack and Custer had been opened tween its rails was 3 ft. 8 in. while the at Dorn on the Burke Branch, the regular standard gauge is 4 ft. 8% in. Sunset Branch was abandoned above The Coeur d’Alene railroad and Naviga¬ Bunn, 1934. tion Company was built by the Corbins The most recent change in railway of Spokane. It was completed into Wal¬ operation was made last year, when an lace in 1888. This being a narrow agreement was made between the gauge road it was necessary to trans¬ Northern Pacific Ralway and the Union fer all commodities from standard Pacific Railroad whereby the Northern gauge cars arrived over the Northern Pacific Railway would take up their

OSCAR LANTOR Compliments of

MEN’S FURNISHINGS SHOSHONE

and LADIES’ WEAR ABSTRACT CO. L. L. BRAINARD, Sec. Burke, Idaho Phone 480-J-3 Barnard Block Phone 51 Wallace, Idaho 42

tracks from Wallace to Burke and next morning the troops arrived and operate their trains on the Union Paci¬ the district was placed under martial fic tracks. This made it possible to law. improve the highway from Wallace to The largest snowslide I have ever Burke and avoid the congestion of seen came down in Burke Canyon. It traffic up the canyon. picked about the narrowest spot in the The Chicago, Milwaukee, and Puget canyon. When it came to rest it was Sound built their line through the 80 feet deep over the Union Pacific southern part of this county and were tracks and 60 feet over the Northern just starting operation of through ser¬ Pacific. vice when the 1910 forest fire retarded When the narrow gauge line was their operations. In 1912 they estab¬ discontinued, I went to Wallace as lished' their Olympian passenger train agent. I was at Wallace when the from Chicago to the coast passing second trouble broke and the Bunker through Avery, Idaho. Hill mill was dynamited and made into J. A. Richardson Reminisces a pile of scrap. Our regular train from Few railroaders, perhaps, ever saw the branch showed up later, black more colorful scenes in connection with with men from head end to rear. Some the development of the Inland Empire of the men wore masks. A large num¬ than J. A. Richardson, who recently ber carried rifles. When the train retired as Northern Pacific agent at pulled into Wallace, I went out on Pullman, after 49 years with the com¬ the platform and met the conductor pany in the Inland Empire. He sums and the leader of the gang. The lead¬ up his own story thus: er of the crowd told me the train was “The Central Washington Branch of going to Wardner and that he did the Northern Pacific was completed not want any trouble but that was into Davenport, Washington Territory, where he was going. The conductor in 1889. The office was opened in a and' I tried to explain that the track tent in March of that year. The first to Wardner was the Union Pacific and agent was W. P. Byrd. On July 13 of that we could not run a train over that year I commenced my services it. All wires were cut and we were with the Northern Pacific at Davenport unable to get in touch with the di¬ as operator, worked for two or three vision offices. After a lot of talking, weeks and was then sent to Ritzville, the train began to move forward. I was working in Ritzville the night Spo¬ watched them and saw that they were kane burned. After leaving Davenport, heading out on the cross over to the I worked' at Cheney, Spokane, and sev¬ Union Pacific and moving toward eral other places and was then sent Wardner. I notified the Union Pacific to Wardner, Idaho, some time in 1892. office that the train had gone toward I was at Wardner when the first big Wardner and for them to hold their mine strike was called. passenger train at Wardner. They were The main trouble centered around able to do so and got the passenger the old Hecla-Frisco mine in the Burke train on a siding out of the way. The Canyon. There was quite a fight there. train and gang got back from Wardner If I remember rightly, eight men were about 5 or 6 o’clock that evening with killed. After they got through with a rather sullen crowd. We hauled the Hecla-Frisco, the crowd moved on them back up the canyon and were the Bunker Hill. To get to Wardner, glad when they were back home and they used flat cars and push cars, we were rid of them. I have seen which they started out of Wallace and the Inland Empire grow from a sage¬ rode as far as they would run. The brush prairie to a wealth-producing

TRIANGLE SAND & WALLACE BOWLING GRAVEL CO. ALLEYS, INC. William & Bromo Zanetti, Owners

Fifth and Pine Streets Excavating and Trucking of all Kinds. Sand and Gravel for Sale Wallace, Idaho Phone 3-F-14 Wallace, Idaho 43

country, shack towns to towns of sub¬ were covered with snow during parts stantial and modern buildings. Spo¬ of the year, it was a primeval area. kane had a population of a little more Difficulties were, therefore, numerous. than 30,000' when I first saw the Before the gold rush into the newly town." found placer region was over, five dis¬ The Old Mullan Itoad. tinct trails were in frequent use. The Old Mullan Road was built by The Jackass Trail. Captain John Mullan of the United States Regular Army from Walla Wal¬ This was one of the best. In order la, Washington, to Fort Benton, Mon¬ to take it, one left the railroad at tana, in 1858-62. It was a military Rathdrum, traveled by stage to Coeur road and was built through a wild d’Alene City, thence by steamer to and primeval territory. The road en¬ Kingston, where a train of thirty sad¬ tered Idaho east from Walla Walla dle horses were in readiness to convey and went around the south end of passengers to Jackass, a point on the Lake Ooeur d’Alene, up the east side Mullan Road three miles above King¬ of the lake, and up the Coeur d’Alene ston, and from that over the divide to River. It followed the South Fork of Eagle City by way of Beaver. It was the river on up through Mullan flat advertised that by this route passen¬ and turned up one of the draws on the gers reached their destination in the right, crossing the Bitterroot Moun¬ evening of the day they left Coeur d’ tains at Sohon Pass, a few miles south Alene City. of the present crossing by Highway The North Fork Route. No. 10. Later a branch was built The North Fork route was over a through Spokane and joined the first trail used by the Indians long before road just west of Cataldo where High¬ the foot of white man ever rested up¬ way No. 10 meets the Coeur d’Alene on the soil of the Northwest. It was River. This was a formidable under¬ also the high water trail used by pack¬ taking, filled with hazard and' priva¬ ers in early days between Wallula and tion, but was utilized to the full when Helena. gold was discovered in the Coeur d’ The Thompson Falls Route. Alenes and for many years after. This was in course of construction Traces of it can be seen by the travel¬ in the spring of 1884. It left Thomp¬ er along Highway No. 10 and down to¬ son Falls, Montana, the most easterly ward St. Maries. point on the railroad from which ac¬ Captain Mullan’s men found placer cess could be had to the mines, and gold while working on the road proceeded up Prospect Creek to the •through the Coeur d’Alenes. His fear summit, thence past the head of was that they might find so much gold Prichard Creek and through the towns they would be diverted from the work of Sullivan City, Raven City, Murray- of road building. While many prize ville, and' down the creek to Eagle. specimens were found, it seems that he kept control of his entire force and Belknap Trail finished the road in record time. The Belknap Trail was an import¬ Trails Into Coeur d’Alenes ant route, connecting Belknap, Mon¬ The means of getting into any new tana, with Eagle City. It became the country must be adapted to the dis¬ mail route as soon as a post office tances and the surface conditions and was established in Eagle, and later a the available transportation. The Coeur telegraph line between the two towns d’Alene hills were heavily timbered, followed the same route. The town have many streams, the high summits of Belknap was favored by the wealth

OUR LADY OF L. E. WORSTELL LOURDES ACADEMY Mayor DAY and BOARDING SCHOOL Wallace, Idaho Bank Street Wallace, Idaho 44

and powerful influence of the Northern in camp. Now that thousands are Pacific, which of course advocated the here, the carriers may be making use of the Belknap route. money, but the public is far from hap¬ Trout Creek Trail. py. No contracts can now be made This was referred to by the Eagle by the month and' no less than fifty newspaper as the “great snow trail, cents will secure a letter. This works about which so many columns were a great hardship on business men, who written during the winter”. “Hun¬ have lately established themselves in dreds of people,” says this paper, the camp. The mail comes very slowly “wrote glowing accounts of perils of and with perplexing uncertainty, two passage to Eagle City by way of Trout weeks frequently being required to Creek, but never an accident occurred bring a letter from Spokane Falls. from the time it was opened until the But this is not all. There is no post- bottom fell out of it when the snow office here. Out of accomodation and went off. During the winter it was without a cent of remuneration, W. J. the main inlet and outlet for the Shelton & Company have permitted let¬ mines; and' it is reported that, with ters to be left at their store. The con¬ some little work, a good trail and wag¬ stant interruptions and vexations of on road can be built into Eagle. Trout late, however, have caused Mr. Shelton Creek is a station on the railway mid¬ to object, and Kuebler & Vedder have way between Belknap and Thompson accepted the irksome task of keeping Falls and distant from Eagle about and distributing the mail. Something thirty-five miles”. must be done and that right speedily. Many a poor fellow is in camp who Mail Service. cannot pay fifty cents for a letter; Phil Lynch carried the first mail many a one who could do so, cannot in over the Trout Creek trail on snow get his letters with any degree of shoes at a dollar a letter, and, accord¬ promptness or certainty.” ing to his story, lost money. Until Uncle Sam established a post But in April, a month later, A. F. office at Eagle, much dissatisfaction Parker was appointed postmaster, he existed over the mail service. As in received post office supplies, and a other new places, even in the begin¬ post office called Eagle was opened nings of the Colonies, mail service was for business. Mail arrived and de¬ a private enterprise. The Eagle news¬ parted each Monday, Wednesday, and paper had this to say on the subject: Friday. “The most aggravating evil which Early Freight Rates. vexes this camp at present is ... . the About the first freight landed at difficulty and the uncertainty of get¬ Kingston was a shipment of 50 tons of ting our mail. In the early days of hay, taken on the boat at Farmington the camp a weekly mail was estab¬ landing, which is on the lake about lished by way of Fort Coeur d’Alene. eight miles from the mouth of the It was brought in on snow shoes or Coeur d’Alene River for a distance from otherwise, as the condition of the trail Kingston of 38 miles. The freight allowed. Those, who subscribed a cer¬ charges attached called for $2,000, or tain amount per month, say $30, re¬ $40 per ton. ceived all their mail for this sum. All At this time a great deal of freight others paid fifty cents a letter. This and not a few passengers were being system worked very satisfactorily to poled up the North fork of the Coeur the public and paid very remunerative d’Alene in dugouts and bateaux by wages to the carriers so long as there swift water men at a cost of 25 cents were only two or three hundred people per pound to Hummel’s landing. From DANCE Old-time and modern music by WALLACE MEAT Otto Johnson at the COMPANY Coeur d’Alene Beer Parlor Nine Mile Joe Swan, Prop. Wallace, Idaho Dancing Every Night, Wallace 45

here freight was hauled by dog trains The Sky Trail. into Eagle City, a distance of three This was the first pack train that miles, at a cost of five cents per went over what was known at that pound, or a total cost of ?6U0 per ton time as the “Sky Trail,” leaving the for a distance not to exceed 50 miles. Mullan road at Jackass prairie, a point The three mile haul on sleds drawn about three miles west of Wardner by dogs from Hummel’s Landing to Junction, or Kellogg. From the fall of Eagle City during the winter of 1883- 1884 until the summer of 1886 freight 4 cost the same price as freight from was hauled in wagons over the old Chicago to Kellogg at the present time, Mullan, or government, road from Old a distance of 2,000 miles. Mission to Jaokass prairie, and from Pack Trains Reduce Price. there transported into Delta and Mur¬ In April, 1884, large pack trains be¬ ray by pack trains. The heaviest ship¬ gan to come in, resulting in reducing pers at that time were George & Hu¬ the freight rate to 10 cents per pound, man, of Delta, and Wardner & Blos¬ and later in the summer the price som, of Murray. George & Human dropped to 5 cents from Old Mission owned their own freight teams and to Eagle City, the Old Mission being pack train. Wardner & Blossom own¬ the head of navigation in midsummer ed' a pack train of 35 mules in charge owing to low water. of Henry Flourney, one of the best There was a score or more of small cargodors of his day. pack trains consisting of from seven to In the spring of 1886 the Two Mile ten animals, and there were several wagon road was built from Osburn to larger ones consisting of from 20 to Delta, which proved the death to all 40 animals. Among the larger pack¬ pack trains as a money making busi¬ ers with well equipped trains were ness as well as an end of high freight Thomas Graney, later residing in charges. Wardner; Sam Hayes, George & Hu¬ During the summer of 1886 a nar¬ man, Smith & Kingman, and Fred A. row gauge railroad was built from Old Stevens, later in the butcher business Mission to McAuley, then known as in Wallace. Wardner Junction. It reached Osburn Keller Bros., with a train of 40 ani¬ in the summer of 1887 and arrived at mals, packed in to Eagle City via Wallace in November of the same year. Thompson Falls, the nearest railroad This road was built by D. C. Corbin. point from the north side of the range. The completion of the roalroad to Wardner was an occasion of a great Pack Trains of Flour demonstration. Special exercises were In May the boss pack train of all, held in honor of the event, the chief owned by a Mr. Benson, came into address being made by the late Judge Kingston with 57 mules loaded with Albert Hagan. eight sacks of flour or four hundred pounds apiece. This train came from The first two engines on this road, Rathdrum and was bound for Eagle Numbers 1 and 2, were later doing City. The freight charge was 17 cents duty in Alaska, hauling freight and per pound. This shipment of flour be¬ passengers in connection with a line of longed to Morris Bros., who owned a steamers plying on the Yukon river. flour mill at Dayton, Washington. A little later this train was sold to Mor¬ ris Bros., and still later in the fall We appreciate the prosperity of this was again transferred to Wardner & golden jubilee, and we hope the next Blossom, then in the mercantile busi¬ 50 years as prosperous as the past. ness in Murray. B. B. Gable.

H. EARL CLACK GEM DAIRY Phone 144-J-3 ELDEN KITTRELL, Mgr. DAILY DELIVERY

Osburn, Idaho Phone 296-.T-2 Burke — Wallace 46

X—CIVIC level again reached an elevation of Flood Control. 2137.5. This flood caused very ser¬ ious property damage. The amount (By Harry Marsh) was not estimated. The subject of flood control cannot The December 21, 1933, flood was be approached without some history by far the most serious of all floods of floods in this district which moti¬ recorded to date. The lake level vates the demand that flood control reached an all time high mark of be turned over to the Rivers and Har¬ 2139.5. The property damage as a re¬ bors Division of the War Department. sult of this flood was carefully esti¬ Description. mated by twenty qualified engineers. The drainage area of the Spokane They reported a loss in Shoshone Coun¬ River and its tributaries comprises an ty of $3,500,000.00. The loss in Bene¬ area of 6,640 square miles of territory, wah and Kootenai and Spokane were of which approximately 4,000 square not estimated; but I believe an esti¬ miles of this area lies east of the Ida¬ mated value of $500,000.00 would not ho State Line. The high, rugged, brok¬ be out of line. Thus bringing a total en topography of the Bitter Root damage of $4,000,000.00 to the water range is the source of the St. Maries, shed. Fortunately there have been no St. Joe, and Coeur d’Alene rivers. lives lost. Climatic conditions govern our Colonel Sturduent of the U. S. Army, spring flood conditions to a large ex¬ District Engineer at Seattle, made his tent; that is in late spring, if we get examination of property loss January warm winds and rain or warm weath¬ 1, 1934, and recommended to the er coupled with warm nights, we get Board of Control of the Rivers and a rapid run off caused by the melting Harbors that something snould be done of snow in the high areas. about flood control for this drainage In the 60' years or more that white area. man has inhabited this area, four ma¬ April 18, 1938, the flood damage to jor floods have happened, resulting in Mullan, Wallace, and Kellogg was serious destruction to real estate, mine $100,000.00. The flood control act, au¬ property, railroads, telephone and tel¬ thorized and approved June 22, 1936, egraph and power lines with loss of authorized preliminary examination operating time to the mines, mills, and partial survey of the Spokane Riv¬ smelters and all allied industries. In er and its tributaries by the War De¬ addition, wage loss during the shut¬ partment. down has occurred to some 12,00 per¬ sons contingent to the industries. War Department Findings In May, 1894, history records the Quoting from the Document 6177, first serious flood. This flood estab¬ the most intense and disastrous flood lished a lake elevation of 2137.5 feet was of December, 1933. The St. Maries, above sea level. This flood took place St. Joe, and Coeur d’Alene rivers, ris¬ long before the terrain was denuded ing simltaneously, rapidly filled the of its timber. No estimate of proper¬ lake. The inflow was approximately ty damage after this flood was made. 106,000 second feet, the outflow max¬ On May 18, 1897, spring floods imum due to obstructions at the mouth reached the 1894 mark. Rail and high¬ of the Spokane river was 47,000 sec¬ way transportation was suspended for ond feet. several days. No estimate of property The city of Spokane can be thank¬ damage was made. ful that this obstruction formed on the On December 18, 1917, flood reached highway bridge at the Blackwell Mill the same proportions and the lake near Coeur d'Alene. Had the water

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had a free flow It Is estimated at walls at St. Maries and Coeur d’Alene least 65,000 second feet of water would City will be underway by March, 1940. have been recorded' at Spokane. Had The Spokane improvement has been this occurred a very heavy damage abandoned for the present and is out would have resulted. Another such because of poor footings and founda¬ condition as the 1933 flood would tions. again cause a very heavy damage. A study has also been made for the Predictions possibility of protecting this area by The probable maximum flood is pre¬ dike and bulkheads. However, the cost dicted by R. T. Goodrich. Dean of the is prohibitative in most cases. College of Engineering, Wyoming Un¬ WALLACE HISTORY iversity, and consulting Engineer of The history of Wallace dates from the North Pacific Division of the War the spring ot 1884, when a small set¬ Department. tlement sprang up here and was at What are the flood' producing storm first known as “Placer Center.” Colonel conditions that are considered possible? Wallace, after whom the city was A maximum 24 hours inflow to Coeur named, came to this district from Port¬ d’Alene Lake would be 198,000 second land in 1883 and established claims feet. The maximum discharge of the at Nine Mile, Canyon Creek, and Placer Spokane River, 62,000 second feet. Creek. He made his first headquarters This would cause a build-up in the at Kingston and later moved to Evol¬ lake to an elevation of 2145.5 feet, or ution, which is now known as Heller’s six feet above the 1933 mark, or 19 Park. feet over the normal 2126.5 elevation. Colonel Wallace Built First Cabin The 1933 flood rose to 17 feet over Colonel Wallace met D. C. McKis- the normal and caused a $4,000,000 sick, late resident and outstanding loss. What would a 19 feet rise pioneer of this district, on May 6, estimate of damage be? I will leave that to you to estimate. 1884, and' together with several others they packed to Wallace and built a Past experience is that the floods cabin on the site now occupied by the are occurring in more frequent inter¬ Federal Mining & Smelting Company vals. Facing these facts, certainly office. This party platted the ground there is ample justification for further and established a general lay-out of activities by the war department. the city. The main street at that time Dr. Edwin T. Hodge, Consulting extended diagonally from what is now Geologist for the War Department, has the site of the Smoke House to the recommended the preliminary drilling Present location of the Yellowstone for study of foundations on two da/m Trail Garage. sites on the North Fork of the Coeur d’Alene River. Dams are also recom¬ Galena Discovery Sped Development mended for the St. Joe and St. Maries It was during this year 1884 that rivers. The dams are to be storage lead ore was found at the Tiger and' dams to hold the peak of the flood's Poorman camps. Following the dis¬ and are to be drained down in the late covery, placer mining ceased and pros¬ fall of the year ready for the next pecting followed in earnest. In the year’s runoff. Then there should be same year, Colonel Wallace, who had reforestation and planting of hardy been writing articles for the St. Paul grasses in the water shed. Dispatch and the Portland Oregonian, The Army Engineers are proceeding interested several men in Portland and with the survey as fast as money is offered a half interest in the Orinoco made available. Dike construction and mine and a half of the townsite if the

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Portlanders would build a lead mill at their first store. A schoolhouse was Placer Center as Wallace was then also established in a log cabin on named. what is now known as Cedar Street. In 1886 narrow gauge railroads were It was there that Miss Annie Angel built from Mission and Burke to Placer taught the first term of school. Center, and, during the same year, Two combination theatres and a a re-survey of the town was made and four-piece band were the principal a title script for the land was ob¬ amusements enjoyed' by the citizens of tained. Wallace during 1889. Differences be¬ Carter House, First Hotel tween individuals were settled speedily The same year a sawmill was estab¬ and the coroner usually acted as re¬ lished in Placer Center, or Wallace, feree in all disputes. and houses and stores were built. The Wallace Destroyedi By Fire Carter House, still accommodating old- In July, 1890, a fire spread from timers, was the the first hotel to be the roof of a house on Sixth Street, built in Wallace. It was constructed' and by night all the buildings but on the same site occupied by the Carter three were totally destroyed. The alleys House today. A two story frame build¬ at this time were filled with brush ing was also constructed on the present and' stumps and for several days a site of the Smoke House. E. H. Moffitt veritable forest fire raged over what and another party by the name of was once Wallace. On the morning of Marsh established a hardware com¬ the second day of the fire, a flat car pany, which was the origin of the pre¬ with a stove and provisions came from sent Coeur d’Alene Hardware com¬ Muilan, and in this manner bread and pany. coffee were served to the people of the City Government Formed in ’87 city. In 1887 Placer Center had grown Four days after the fire a tent city to such an extent that Colonel Wallace was built and within the next six deemed that the time was ripe for a months, or by Christmas of 1890, brick city government. Following a citizens’ buildings and other structures had re¬ meeting, Colonel Wallace was elected placed the old temporary structures. mayor; and Jack Dunn, D. S. McKis- Later Improvements sick, and' two others were named com¬ A system of waterworks was install¬ missioners. The town was officially ed' about that time, and, with the con¬ named Wallace at that meeting. An struction of the hydro-electric plants attorney by the name of Ford present¬ near the city, electricity came into ed a pamphlet of ordinances, and, the almost universal use for lighting. Wal¬ time being short, these ordinances lace now has two banks, one daily and were adopted as a whole, without read¬ one weekly newspaper, a board of ing. One of these ordinances pro¬ trade, a modern sewer system, four hibited cows from roaming the streets churches, modern school buildings, and without an attendant. public library, which was opened in It was during this year that the December, 1902, two hospitals, and Dunn brothers established the first good hotels. Its public buildings and newspaper in Wallace; Otterson built mercantile concerns compare favor¬ his first store on the present site of ably with those of cities three or four the Press-Times building; Huemann times its size. built and established a store where The present library was built in the Steward Drug company now stands; 1910. The High School was erected in the first bank in Wallace was estab¬ 1914. The new First National Bank lished; and White & Bender opened building, the Shoshone, the Gyde-Tay-

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N. P. Watch Inspector “OLD BAVARIAN BEER”

Wallace, Idaho 710 Hotel St. Wallace, Idaho lor building were substantial improve¬ Wagon Road NW & SE 1560 feet to ments made in 1916. A municipal left bank of the South Font of the swimming pool was completed during Coeur d’Alene River 30 feet wide flows 1939. This and tbe Youth’s Recrea¬ NW 1590 foot of hill, ascend 1640 tional Program of the county have feet, set a post 6 inches square 7 feet done much for the Wallace youth, contributing both to their health and long 3 feet deep with mound of earth sportsmanship and reducing juvenile and rocks about the same, post marked delinquency to a minimum. Cor. No. 2 W. R. Wallace U. S. Lot from which a black pine 6 inches in The Town of Wallace Created diameter bears North 10 degrees 30 “Office of the Clerk of the Board minutes West 17 feet marked Cor. No. of the County Commissioners of Sho¬ 2 U. S. Lot W. R. Wallace B. T. black shone County, Idaho. pine 6 inches in diameter bears North Murray, Idaho, May 3, 1888. 86 degrees 35 minutes—East 31 feet An order relating to the incorpor¬ marked Cor. No. 2 U. S. Lot Wallace ation of the town of Wallace, Idaho: B. T. tamarack 8 inches in diameter On this 2nd day of May, A. D., 1888, bears south 47 degrees W 72 marked' we, the Board of County Commission¬ Cor. No. 2 U. S. Lot Wallace B. T. ers of Shoshone County, Idaho Terri¬ thence run on East end line South tory, in regular session declare and it Yar 21 degrees 35 minutes descend is hereby ordered that the petition 930 feet of line to right bank of the filed this day by the citizens of the South Fork of the Coeur d’Alene town of Wallace praying for incor¬ River 30 feet wide flows NW 1030 feet poration of the said town and the ap¬ to the right bank of branch of said pointment of W. R. Wallace, D. C. South Fork 25 feet wide flows NW McKissick, Horace King, C. H. Hall, 1280 feet to graded portion of Old and C. W. Vedder as the first Board' Mullan Road E & W 1320 feet set a of Trustees, be granted, and it is here¬ posit 6 inches square 7 feet long 3 by ordered that the following described feet in ground with mound of earth property and territory be embraced in and rocks about the same post marked the incorporation, to-wit: Cor. No. 3 W. R. Wallace U. S. Lot Beginning at a post 6 inches square, from which a tamarack tree 16 inches 7 feet long, set 3 feet deep, marked in diameter bears N 71 degrees W 53 Cor. No. 1 W. R. Wallace U. S. Lot feet marked Cor. No. 3 Wallace U. S. with mound of earth and rocks 2% Lot B. T. No other tree within limits, feet high about the same, this Cor. No. thence run on south side line west Var. 1 being situate on a steep hillside fac¬ 21 degrees 35 minutes E. 2640 feet set ing North about 150 feet nearly due a post 6 inches square 7 feet long and south from the junction of Placer 3 feeit in ground with mound of earth Creek with the South Fork of the and rocks 2 % feet high about the Coeur d’Alene River and about 1500 same marked Cor. No. 4 W. R. Wal¬ feet nearly due west from the con¬ lace U. S. Lot from which a cedar fluence of the Nine Mile Creek with tree 12 inches in diameter bears North the South Fork of the Coeur d’Alene 10 degreess E 73 feet marked Cor. River and about 250 feet south of the No. 4 Wallace U. S. Lot, Wallace improved graded portion of the Old House bears North 42 degrees 28 min¬ Mullan Wagon Road; thence run true utes E about 1030 feet. Thence along courses as following named, to-wit: west end line of claim 400 feet to East Var 21 degrees 35 minutes East right bank of Placer Creek N. Var. 110 feet to Placer Creek, 20 feet wide 21 degrees 35 minutes E creek 20 flows N W., 1430 feet to Old Mullan feet wide flows NE 440 feet Placer

B 1 T C O . INC. Mining Equipment

Osburn Road Phone G25-W-5 50

Creek and ascend steep hillside 1150 the following named took office and feet top of hill and descend 1320 feet served under the new incorporation: to Cor. No. 1, the place of beginning W. S. Haskins, mayor and containing an area of 80 acres George Steward, alderman, 2 year. situated in N lot 47 degrees 28 min¬ P. F. Smith, alderman, 1 year. utes and longitude about 116 degrees H. G. King, alderman, 2 year. W in Placer Center Mining District, G. Scott Anderson, alderman, 1 year. Shoshone County, Idaho Territory. On James Gearon, 2 years. the Old Mullan Wagon Road on the Thomas F. Jameson, 1 year. South Fork of the Coeur d’Alene Riv¬ From then to the present time, the er at the confluence of Placer Creek following named have served' the city and Nine Mile Creek with the said as Mayors: South Fork of the Coeur d’Alene Riv¬ Oscar Wallace 1894- 1895 er and about 27 miles up the river Jacob Lockman 1895- 1897 from the Old Coeur d’Alene Mission.” Herman Rossi 1897- 1898 The order creating Wallace was T. N. Bernard 1898- 1899 signed by Thomas E. McGalland, Clerk F. Frederick Smith 1899- 1902 Oif the Board of County Commissioners. T. D. Conner 1902-1904 At the first session of the Wallace Herman J. Rossi 1904-1907 Board of Trustees, W. R. Wallace was Hugh Toole 1907-1909 unanimously elected Chairman of the Walter H. Hanson 1909-1911 Board of Trustees. James H. Taylor 1911-1915 The Trusteeship form of govern¬ Charles R. Mowery 1915-1917 Homer G. Brown ment continued until April, 1893. In 1917-1919 March, 1889 the trustees elected to of¬ Hugh Toole 1919-1927 fice were as following named: W. H. Herrick 1927-1929 Herman G. Rossi 1929- 1930 C. W. Vedder, chairman J. H. Munson 1930- 1931 F. J. Heller, member. Emil Pfister 1931- 1935 Norman G. King, member Herman J. Rossi 1935-1937 Haskins, member L. E. Worstel 1937- J. Heart, member WARDNER NAMED “KENTUCK” April 12, 1890, the following named were elected: On October 10, 1885, a meeting was held at the cabin of Jacob Goetz (com¬ E. A. Sherwin, chairman monly called “Dutch Jake”) on Milo Cameron, member Creek, in the newly discovered Coeur Hall, member d’Alene district, to consider the ques¬ Moffitt, member tion of laying out a town. James D. C. McKissick Kelly presided and Robert T. Horn ac¬ April 11, 1891, the following named ted as secretary. It was voted to call were elected: the district “Yreka” and to give the J. L. Dunn, chairman town the name of “Kentuck.” James Howes, member Kelly built the first cabin on the town- White, member site and “Dutch Jake” the second, af¬ Helm, member ter which others came rapidly and by Cameron, member January 1, 1886, the population num¬ bered over one hundred. Becomes a City. A meeting was called for April 4, On April 6, 1893, the government 1886, for the purpose of adopting a changed from a Board of Trustees to new name for the town. Among those Mayor and Alderman. At that time proposed were “Irwin,” “Bunker Hill,”

Compliments of the Courtesy of the LIBERTY BRIDGE BILLIARD PARLOR BEER PARLOR 305 Main St. Kellogg, Idaho PETE BODZEK

JOE HENRY 209 N. Division Kellogg, Idaho 51

and “Wardner,” the last being accep¬ 13,000, located in villages, community ted in honor of James Wardner, who centers, mining camps, logging camps, had been active in promoting the in¬ ranches, and suburban localities built terests of the town and the district in up around certain lines of industry. which it is located. A postoffice was established on Christmas day in 1886, Because of its dominating size, large with A. B. Goldstein as postmaster, stocks of merchandise, and accessibil¬ and in 1887 a system of waterworks ity by rail and paved highways, Kel¬ was constructed. The village was in¬ logg draws a large amount of retail corporated on April 13, 1891, with trade from practically all the smaller Alexander Monks, D. Drought, A1 Page, towns in the area. These towns, lo¬ Charles Sweeney, and A. E. Carlson as cated on the Union Pacific railroad the first board of trustees. Ten years and on improved highways include later Wardner received its city char¬ Osburn, Smelterville, Silver King, ter. The prosperous town of Kellogg Kingston, Enaville, Pritchard, Murray, Cataldo, Dudley, Rose Lake, Medimont, two or three miles below Wardner is Lane, Black Lake, Masonia, Page, and the point at which most of the mining Sunshine. and milling of ores for the Wardner section is done. Kellogg is served by the Union Pa¬ KELLOGG CITY cific railroad with daily passenger and freight service, three interstate auto¬ The original plat of Kellogg was mobile stage lines, and airplane con¬ filed on July 1, 189 3, by Robert Horn, nection to any part of the United Johnathan Ingalls, John M. Burke, States. The Yellowstone Highway, U. Alfred Brile, Thomas Hanley, John A. S. No. 10, passes directly through the Martin, Jr., Charles Sinclair, and Jacob center of the city, reaching from Chi¬ Goetz and was at first known as cago to the coast and carrying during “Milo.” The next year the name was the tourist season upwards of 1500 changed to “Kellogg,” in honor of cars daily through the city. Noah S. Kellogg, who discovered the Bunker Hill Mine.. By reason of the custom smelting Kellogg is situated in the central and refining plants of the Bunker Hill, part of Shoshone County, on the Coeur Kellogg has become the shipping point d’Alene River and the line of the Ore- for large quantities of ore from many gon-Washington Railroad & Navigation parts of the west and has become a Company. Kellogg was incorporated in well established industrial center, ship¬ 1907 and' in May, 1913, was organized ping products to the eastern markets as as a city of the second class; it has well as the west coast and Orient. two banks, one newspaper, a commer- Climate—The Kellogg area has an ical club, a smelter, electric light and annual mean temperature of 51.4 de¬ water works, churches of several lead¬ grees with an average maximum of ing denominations, hotels, stores, and 64.5 degrees. The annual precipitation large mining interests. The popula¬ is 30.44 inches. tion of Kellogg and vicinity approxi¬ mates 7,000. Topography—Kellogg and its trading The Kellogg-Wardner district in¬ area lie within the Coeur d’Alene cludes a territory reaching from Os- branch of the heavily timbered and burn on the east to Black Lake on the rugged Bitter Root Mountains, the west, a distance of 40 miles east and cities ana community centers occupy¬ west, and' the Murray on the North, ing the valleys which widen from the about 30 miles. Included within this east to several miles on the west where area is a population of approximately the principal ranching interests are lo-

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MRS. B. BREWER FORD, MERCURY AND BEAUTY SHOP LI N COLN-ZEPHYR

Room 8 Barnard Block 808 Bank St. Phone 148

Phone 116-W Wallace, Idaho Wallace, Idaho 52

cated. All business flows up and down Transportation—Union Pacific Rail¬ this valley of the Coeur d’Alene River road from the Spokane division and or out along its tributaries. the Northern Pacific from the Missoula Scenic Attractions—Some of the branch on the east enter the district. most striking scenery in the west can Three separate auto stage lines main¬ be found in the Kellogg area. Lofty tain regular schedules from Spokane. mountain peaks, 6,000 feet in height, The county airport is located at Kel¬ have trails leading to their summits logg with from one to three airplanes while driveways along the rivers and stationed at the hangars for service to creeks furnish motorists and scenery any part of the United States. The air¬ lovers with a delightful variety of rug¬ port is one of the finest in the Pacific ged beauty. The streams abound with northwest. Practically all of the 20,- trout, while big game hunters find 000 persons residing in Shoshone deer, bear, and other game animals in County have direct rail or auto trans¬ abundance. portation service to Kellogg several Parks—Kellogg maintains a munici¬ times daily. pal swimming pool in a well regulated Principal Industries playground area, while picnic parks Mining, smelting, refining of lead, and playgrounds are available in many silver, gold, zinc, antimony, and asso¬ localities of the district, some of which ciated metals comprise the dominating are maintained by the Sportsmen’s industry of the community. Logging League ana other organizations for and lumbering operations, including public use. tie making and shingle making, play Two well constructed golf courses an important part in the livelihood of are located' near Kellogg and both have the area. The only extensive tract of many members using the links through¬ white pine timber in the United States out the summer and fall months. is adjacent to Kellogg from which the Fraternal and Buisness Organiza¬ annual log cut is about one hundred tions.—Kellogg has a strong Chamber million feet. of Commerce, Merchant’s Credit As¬ The annual output of the smelters sociation, Kiwanis Club, American Le¬ at Kellogg is in excess of twenty mil¬ gion Post, Masonic, Knights of Pythias, lions of dollars, which includes the Odd Fellows, Fraternal Order of smelting of 300 tons of pig lead daily Eagles, Loyal Order of Moose and 30 and 125 tons of electrolytic zinc each other fraternal and social societies and day. clubs. Churches—The city has well built The annual freight bill paid to the church edifices, equipped with modern Union Pacific railroad Is in excess of usages for church, school, and adult $3,000,000 from the industries at Kel¬ services. The Methodist, Congregation¬ logg, an average of approximately al, Episcopal, Catholic, Apostolic Mis¬ $8000 daily being paid for freight sion, Christian Science, L. D. S., and handling, making Kellogg one of the Salvation Army all maintain regular most important freight depots on the work in the community. Union Pacific system. Theatres—Kellogg has two theatres MURRAY’S HISTORY with seating capacity of 1300, two The Murray of today, with its 150 or more performances daily at each. inhabitants, is a pathetic caricature of A Union Auditorium seating 12000, its former self and its 10,000 bustling Odd Fellows Hall, and Y. M. C. A. Hall gold seekers. The old court house, are used for civic functions, lectures, built and used when Murray was the and other productions. county seat of Shoshone County, stands

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drab and desolate. The scene of form¬ enjoy their points. Even when he had er intense ana dramatic legal entangle¬ a victim in the chair and had the vic¬ ments, today It is but a monument to tim’s face smeared with soap, a horse its former glory. in the street could take him from his Major Wood’s house stand's at the chair and let him indulge his hobby. head of the street in a coat of new MUI,I,AX HISTORY paint and surrounded by an attractive Mullan, one of the Prosperous min¬ lawn and yard. The old jail was rased ing towns of Shoshone County, dates a few years ago. Now the people have its existence from 1885, when Char¬ no need for a jail. Murray has neither les J. Best, John W. Marr, Enos G. deputy sheriff nor a constable, no jus¬ Good, A. J. Betaque, and C. A. Earle tice of the peace, and no need for any. organized themselves into a company The old restlessness has subsided into and platted a town, which they named a Quiet, simple way of life. Mullan, in honor of Captain John Mul¬ Dave Sellers supplies the few inhab¬ lan, who built the military road across itants with water and lights, some 52 Northern Idaho. The plat was filed on users, keeps the equipment in order, August 4, 1888, at which time the and makes regular collections. Every village had twenty log and fifteen one is friendly and tends to his own frame houses, a sawmill, two hotels, business. A store, post office, and several saloons, and a population of two beer parlors complete the business 150. The development of the mining section. interests in the vicinity and the build¬ ing of the Northern Pacific Railroad The Jack Waite mine, a few miles contributed to the settlement of Sho¬ down the river, employs about 100 shone County; and Mullan’s growth men, who contribute somewhat to the was rapid, in 1910, six years after the life of Murray. Up the river a few village was incorporated, it reported more miles the Idaho Mother Lode a population of 1,667. Mullan has employs about 30 men. Then there schools, a weekly newspaper, electric are placer miners scattered about the light and waterworks, churches of sev¬ hills, who make Murray their head¬ eral of the leading denominations, quarters. There is still much good hotels, large mercantile interests, etc. placer ground nearby and the country In 1939 the enterprising citizens of promises some new lode mines. Mullan organized a 49’er Celebration. A xvlurrayite can point out a long- This festivity continued three days disused barber shop. Looks as through, and was considered a huge success. through the windows, the barber had Plans are already afoot to make an¬ left everything in place when he died other and bigger, better celebration. many years ago. But it shows the This affair will likely become an in¬ lapse of time, for every thing is cov¬ stitution in Mullan and the county. ered with dust. Tradition has it that VETERANS ORGANIZATIONS Bob Wilkinson was a good barber and (By Elmer B. Moe) had a large trade. He was also a Organized veterandom in Shoshone horse fancier. Strings of pack animals County begins with Canby Post No. 11, used to come in from Thompson Falls G. A. R., which was organized at Mur¬ and mosey down the main street. Herds ray, then a new and bustling mining of horses were wrangled and driven camp and at that time the county seat. down the street to their corrals or The time was about 1884, for in 1885 barns. Whenever horses passed Bob’s Decoration Day services were conduct¬ shop, he had an urge to step into the ed by the Post, which at that early street and estimate their worth and date boasted an orchestra and a fine

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male quartette. It must be remembered Pard, a faithful old horse he had had that at that time Civil War veterans for many years. Pard, muchly bedeck¬ were as young as, or younger than, ed with flags, seemed to sense his im¬ World War veterans are today. The in¬ portance on that day, or probably it tense rivalry, amounting at times to was the display that “Whitey” was violence between Confederate and Union making in his crumpled uniform with veterans that characterized many of the his odd little army cap, enhanced by other early day mining camps in Idaho, the grin and tobacco. Pard' needed no seems to have been absent in Murray, guiding or tying and the nearest saloon the G. A. R. and the Union veterans was their temporary abode. And it dominating the scene. Early day might be added that, with the setting photographs show Confederate veterans sun, a very limp little old man was marching with the G. A. R. in Decora¬ gently lifted to Pard’s back, and Pard, tion Day parades. This day was the from then on, was Master of Cere¬ high spot in the year for the Post, monies. Slowly nosing homeward, he which conducted the services of the would occasionally sway from side to Day in Murray until the Post was dis¬ side to balance his precious cargo. solved about 1928, the last G. A. R. Sometimes "Whitey” fell off. At such post in Idaho. times Pard would patiently stand and As the number on Decoration Day wait for a helping hand. grew smaller, the celebration became In fact the history of the Post at more colorful, with humor and pathos Murray is almost that of the colorful mingled as the little group paraded life of Adam Aulbach, who was in¬ from the G. A. R. hall up Main Street tensely patriotic and took his duties to the cemetery. There was the com¬ as commander seriously and proudly, mander, Adam Aulbach, resplendent in so much so that occasionally it provok¬ a much too large G. A. R. uniform ed humorous situations. He boasted at with his commander’s sword dangling times of his skill as a bugler in the at his side. Another was Mr. Jackson, army, an opinion seemingly not shared a Delta resident. Though he was a by his comrades. Once the boys were colored man, he was always spoken of gathered at the G. A. R. hall to don as the whitest man in Delta. He was what was left of their uniforms and a very dignified, kindly old man and' caps and shoulder their muskets. As very well thought of in the Post. He they lined up to march up Main Street, always brought his fife, and it was a they discovered that Mr. Jackson had real treat to hear the clear notes of not arrived'. Commander Aulbach the fife ring through the air as the couldn’t imagine the march without procession trekked toward the cemetery. the proper musical atmosphere and And to have seen “Whitey” Johnson probably felt that his big moment arrive on the great Day for the ser¬ had arrived'. He shouted, “Hell, bring vices was unforgetable. Many of the me the bugle, somebody, I can blow oldtimers still chuckle over this remem¬ the damn thing.” He raised it with brance. “Whitey,” truly one of the a great flourish and he blew with all sincerest of patriots, was a tiny man his might, two terrific, ear-splitting with a large, lovable personality. His blasts. Well, bedlam broke loose, the weazened face wore a perpetual grin boys were convulsed and only the and always bulged with a huge cud timely arrival of Mr. Jackson with his of tobacco. When “Whitey” made his fife restored order and saved the day. yearly pilgrimage from Eagle, where Aulbach’s comment on the incident is he lived, to be with the boys for the not printable. services, his mode of conveyance was Another incident occurred' the last

FRANK P. HESS Compliments of Plumbing and Heating THE TUNNEL 415 Cedar St. Phone 550 Burke Wallace, Idaho 55

time the ancient 45-70 single shot held the distinction of being the third' muskets, owned by the Post, were largest V. F. W. post in the state in used. There were six of these guns spite of being in that small, isolated and they had deteriorated from years district. Just recently its headquarters of dirt and rust. The veterans were have been transferred from Avery to at the cemetery and they were ready St. Maries. to execute their final tribute to ttheir On April 24, 1934, Rice W. Means, dead' comrades, surely the most im¬ Camp No. 11, United Spanish War pressive and solemn part of their Veterans, was instituted, and on Sep¬ ceremony. Comamnder Aulbach called tember 18, 1934, Maple Leaf Post No. in a large voice: “Ready, aim, fire.” 135 Canadian Legion was organized. All was silent,—then a shot rent the Mullan Post No. 116, American Legion, air, then another, and a number of organized in 1938, is the youngest of minutes elapsed until the fifth shot veterans organizations in the county. had been fired. All the while Mr. Many people, though familiar with McGuire was struggling desperately the names, do not know the distinct¬ with his gun. He came to shoot and he ions between these various veteran’s was going to shoot. He pleaded, he organizations, particularly between the slapped, he hammered, and he wiped American Legion and the Veterans of his forehead—so did the commander, Foreign Wars. The oldest of our who was now thoroughly exasperated organizations represented in the coun¬ and in a raucous whisper said. “Hell, ty, the United Spanish War Veterans, Mack, let her go—she’s hung fire.” was organized soon after the war with Adam Aulbach, the last commander Spain and is made up of those who and the last survivor of the Post, served in the armed forces in any way presented the Post Flag to Shoshone during that conflict. The Veterans of Post No. 1675, V. F. W., of which Foreign Wars of the United States he had been made an honorary mem¬ was formed soon after (1899) by those ber. In their custody the flag remains. who had fought in the Philippines There is now no longer any survivor during the insurrection but not against of that conflict left in the county. Spain. It was organized to include After the World War, Gus Zoellner all those who had taken part in actual Post No. 26, American Legion was warfare outside the boundaries of the organized at Kellogg, September 17, United States in campaigns, for which 1919, and is still flourishing. A Legion campaign badges are issued by the Post was organized at Wallace also, U. S. Government. At present the but it failed to survive. After two un¬ membership includes: Veterans of the successful attempts to establish a V. Spanish War who saw overseas ser¬ F. W. post, Shoshone Post No. 1675, vice, of the Philippine insurrection, and Veterans of Foreign Wars of the of the Moro uprisings following; of United States, was instituted May 11, the Boxer uprising in China, and of 1929. Its success is attested by its the Cuban pacification in 1906-09; of being at the present writing the larg¬ the Vera Cruz expedition into Mexico est V. F. W. post in Idaho. Both in 1914 and the Punitive Expedition Legion Post No. 36 and V. F. W. into Mexico in 1916 under Perishing; Post No. 1675 have active Ladies’ the Hawiian and Dominican cam¬ Auxiliaries, the former dating from paigns; the World War overseas ser¬ January 2, 1932, and the latter from vice, including Siberia and North Rus¬ January 18, 1930. sia as well as Western Europe; of the An earlier V. F. W. Post, that of Nicaraguan campaigns and the Shang¬ Avery, North Fork Post No. 1390, once hai bombardments of 1927 and 1932.

Courtesy of the Compliments of the WALLEDOFF JAMAICA CAFE INN

206 Main St. Kellogg, Idaho 322 McKinley Ave. Kellogg At one time a number of survivors of shone County as a World War Mem¬ tbe Mexican war was included but the orial. It is occupied and controlled' last of these passed in 1933. Thus jointly by the American Legion and they take in all active participants in the Veterans of Foreign Wars organ¬ all our wars excepting, of course, the ized as the Veterans’ Meromial As¬ Civial War. However, Civil War veter¬ sociation. ans were made eligible for honorary Both Legion Post 36 and V. F. W. membership. Thus Shoshone Post Post 1675 take an active and promin¬ awarded honorary membership to all ent part in community matters as well Civil War Veterans in Shoshone Coun¬ as veteran affairs. In the latter, Post ty. 1675 V. F. W. has been especially The V. F. W. is, therefore, a con¬ active, furnishing two of the eight necting link between them all, includ¬ Department Commanders there have ing those ineligible to others. For in¬ been in Idaho; O. M.Ogilvie, present stance, during the time the marines county sheriff, who helped organize were restoring order in the Dominican the Department of Idaho in 1932 and Republic, more Congressional Medals became its third commander, and C. of Honor, our highest decorations, W. Bentley of Mullan, the present De¬ were awarded in proportion to the partment Commander. The first De¬ number participating than in any other partment Encampment of the newly conflict. The Congressional Medal is formed' Department of Idaho was held awarded only for unusual valor be¬ in Wallace in 1933 with Shoshone Post yond the call of duty, under fire, and as host. in the face of the enemy. Yet such a Records are incomplete, but over veteran, holding that highest of honors, a thousand young men went from Sho¬ would be ineligible to any veterans shone County into the armed forces organization aside from the V. F. W. during the World War. And according Therefore, it is termed the evergreen to the Honor Plaque in the Wallace order, for it will last as long as a City Park, fifty-five went away never soldier, sailor, or marine may be called to return. It is estimated that about upon to defend our honor outside the nine hundred veterans now live in the boundaries of the United States. county. The American Legion was formed ALLIED FRATERNITIES COUNCIL early in 1919 and includes those who By Roy Kingsbury saw service of any kind in any of our Many have contacted this name by armed forces, including war nurses, being told that the publication of this during the World War. Therefore, the volumne was sponsored by Allied' Fra¬ Legion ranks with the Grand Army of ternities. Some perhaps, would like the Republic and the United Spanish to know more about Allied Fratern¬ War Veterans. Each of these various ities, what it constitutes and why. organizations, therefore, serves its own As the name informs, Allied Fra¬ unique veteran group, all caring for ternities is a council. It is an en¬ the veteran in distress and for his deavor to carry out the idea that widow or orphan. Yet there is a strong fraternities and social organizations bond' between all of them, to serve the have many interests in common and community and nation, to foster love that in many cases much more money and respect for our nation and its may be obtained for a comomn cause emblems, and to guard against those if all the workers join in their com¬ who would destroy or degrade it. mon endeavor. In 1930 the present Veterans Mem¬ The idea originated in the Elks orial Building was donated by Sho¬ Lodge, and they followed it up by

COMPLIMENTS OF THE DAVENPORT CAFE

“The House of Quality”

Always Open Mr. and Mrs. A. V. Greer Kellogg, Idaho 57 calling a meeting of all lodges to dis¬ Catholic Daughters of America 5.00 cuss a certain subject. This was fol¬ Alpha Society ... 10.00 lowed by calling a meeting for the The deficit was met through help purpose of forming a council, at which from the mining companies and others. meeting committees were appointed on The program covered the three va¬ organization and other details, which cation months of June, July, and Aug¬ culminated in a rather loosely or¬ ust, and embraced the following activ¬ ganized council directed by a chair¬ ities: man, a vice chairman, a secretary, Activities. and a treasurer. The statutory rep¬ Junior Softball, 4 divisions, older resentation is that each lodge should boys and younger boys, older girls and delegate two of their members and younger girls. In Kellogg, Wallace, that all delegates would assemble up¬ Mullan, Burke, and Silver King. on call of tne chairman. No lodge is Volleyball, in Kellogg, Wallace, Mul¬ in any manner bound by the action of lan, and Burke. Horshoe pitching, in the council and each reserves to its- Kellogg, Wallace, and Mullan. Junior self the privilege of taking such action Track and Field, in Kellogg, Wallace, as it may desire in connection with and Mullan. Tennis, in Kellogg, Wal¬ the matter concerned. lace, and Mullan. A year ago Allied Fraternities Baseball School, under Mel Ingram, Council was asked to sponsor a pro¬ 79 boys enrolled'. gram for the benefit of Youth’s Re¬ Tournaments and Contests. creational activities for Shoshone Coun¬ County Field Day. at Mullan, in con¬ ty. They were assured that the neces¬ nection with 49’ers. Field and Track sary funds would be raised by the ef¬ Meet for juniors. Boys’ and Girls’ fort of other bodies. A Youth’s Re¬ Softball tournament. Volleyball tourn¬ creational Committee was selected by ament. Older Boys’ Baseball tourna¬ the Council, and this committee did a ment. Approximately 250 boys and very commendable job. The season's girls took part from Kellogg, Wallace, expenditures amounted to approximate¬ Mullan, and Burke. County Relay ly $850. However, raising this amount Carnival at Kellogg in connection with was found difficult, and without the Miners’ Picnic. Approximately 350 aid of the Mullan Forty-niners, who boys and girls competed. donated $250, the program would have Official Junior Softball tournament, been impossible. As it was, the sea¬ at Wallace. Four divisions; older son ended with a deficit of $150. boys, older girls, younger boys, and The following organizations contrib¬ younger girls. Approximately 175 uted : boys and girls participated. Mullan Forty-niners . $250.00 To handle these activities, the fol¬ Gyro Club . 100.00 lowing was built up: Rotary Club . 100.00 Sponsors—'Allied Fraternities Council. Masonic Bodies . 60.00 E. R. Busch, chairman; Roy H. Mullan Mucker’s Ball . 50.00 Kingsbury, vice-chairman; Felix P. E. 0. 25.00 Rea, secretary, W. A. Bell, trea¬ Holy Trinity Guild . 10.00 surer. Knights of Columbus . 15.00 Executive Council—E. B. Moe, chair¬ Elks Lodge . 20.00 man; Irving H. Laskey, Rev. Mc- Veterans Foreign Wars. 10.00 Gettigan, C. W. Bentley, E. R. Eagles Lodge ..—*. 10.00 Busch, Dr. Paul Ellis, Paul Bris- K. of P. Lodges . 19.00 lawn, James E. Gyde, Jr., treasur¬ Mullan Odd Fellows . 5.00 er.

Compliments of the Courtesy of the FURNITURE FAHLE HOTEL EXCHANGE

Wallace, Idaho 408 Cedar St. Wallace, Idaho 58

County Coordinator—Cy Geraghty. To escape criticism, do nothing, say Local Supervisors—A1 Loren for Kel¬ nothing, be nothing.—Elbert Hubbard. logg, A. J. Malcolm for Mullan, Lillie Hobson. Mel Ingram for Burke, Marvin Live for those who love you, Snyder, assisted by Lavina Marsb, For those whose hearts are true. for Wallace. For the Heaven that smiles above you Five W. P. A. recreation directors un¬ And the good that you can do. der the authority of the State G. G. Hodgins. Department of Education. Salaries, sporting goods equipment, Speaking of reputation. and transportation were the heavy White can be blackened once. items of expense. Black whitened never. Allied Fraternities Council was ask¬ Thos. E. Hunter. ed to continue the Executive Council A sportsman is one who engages for 1940 and to see if a method' could in sport solely for the pleasure and be devised to raise the funds necessary. the physical, social, and mental bene¬ Beside this book, from the sale of fits he derives therefrom, and is one which a nice profit can be expected, to whom sport is nothing more than straight donations to the Executive an avocation. Council will be solicited, 100% of Mel Ingram. which will be devoted to the Youth’s Recreational program. The greatest thing in life is man’s loyalty to man—that heart quality of true manhood, that innate stamp of The Psalmist of old said: “I will fair play, which prompts us to hand lift up mine eyes unto the hills, from out the square deal instead of the whence cometh my help.” What resi¬ double cross. dent of this county, when raising his Ella James. eyes to look about him, does not thrill The thoughts we entertain daily at the beauty, the mystery, the seren¬ mould our characters to determine our ity, and the pulse-quickening history destiny. of these pine clad hills of ours, deep Mary A. Jenicek within whose scarred sides “the boys” are blasting out and retrieving the This is the best place I have ever treasures that make the lives and hap¬ lived', my heart is here, even though I piness of all of us possible. live elsewhere. LeRoy C. Harris. Annie Jarrett A ton of talk weighs nothing if it Success lies, not in achieving what isn’t backed by actions.—Theo. Roose¬ you aim at, but in aiming at what velt. you ought to achieve and pressing for¬ Adolph Haupt. ward, sure of achievement. A. R. John. The people we do not like are us¬ ually the ones we do not know. A happy youth, and their old age George C. Hobson. is beautiful and freed.—Wadsworth. W. H. Keating. Nature does not move by distinct marked steps; real progress comes The world' is good to afflicted peo¬ through evolution, not revolution. ple. John Hornick, Jr. Vernon Kelly.

SEEBER MOTORS Authorized Ford Sales and Service

Brown and Division Phone 291 Kellogg, Idaho 59

XI—SOCIAL raising of the church building, putting WALLACE METHODIST CHURCH in a full basement, which was com¬ By F. R. Levering pleted June 5, 1915. About this time Reverend W. H. Shelleck was the colored glass leaded windows were in¬ first Methodist minister to be sent to stalled. This work added about $2,500 Wallace. He held services in the old to the value of the property. Galland Hall on Bank Street about During the pastorate of Reverend where Robert Inskip Plumbing Com¬ Wm Martin in 1928, the beautifully pany now is located. He remained iluminated cross, thirty-six inches in during the years of 1894 and 1895, height and twenty-four inches across, holding services in various places be¬ equipped with two circuits of lights, side Wallace, in Wardner, Kellogg, and one white and' one red, under separate Gem. controls, was installed as a memorial Reverend M. R. Brown arrived Sep¬ gift from one of the former Sunday tember 10, 1887. In November of the School members. In 1931, shortly be¬ the same year he started negotiations fore the close of Reverend Martin’s with the Northern Pacific Ralroad pastorate, plans were completed and Company for a site on which to build money partly raised for the improved a church. The ground on which the entrance into the basement and for present church now stands, at the a new vestibule. corner of 4th and Pine, was purchased The most recent improvement is the for $100. July 15, 1900, contract was hand carved altar railing, made and let to Joshua Pennebaker of Osburn to donated by Elmer B. Moe, one of the build' the church for $2,150, not in¬ members, in 1939. cluding lighting and plumbing. The Reverend' Francis K. Kinch came to construction of the church started July his duties here in 1939, is a success¬ 9, 1900, and was dedicated by Dr. P. ful and interesting leader, and has an A. Cool October 21, 1900. interested following. Among the activ¬ The present parsonage was com¬ ities of the church at present are the pleted January 9, 1901, at a cost following: of $1,850. The next inmprovement in Sunday School the building program was the adding Ladies’ Aid of the north wing of the church, which Women’s Foreign Mission houses the pipe organ and the choir Young Adult Group loft. Thi3 was done during the pastor¬ Men’s Club ate of Reverend Charles MacCaughey This church has not been without during the years 1907 and 1908, at a pastor and has maintained regular which time the pipe organ was pur¬ services throughout the entire 4 6 chased at a cost of $1,800. Reverend years. MacCaughey was known and remem¬ CATHOLIC CHURCH, WALLACE bered, not only for making this im¬ The Coeur d’Alenes, one of the provement in the church edifice, but greatest mining districts in the world, as a fighting Irishman for the cause heard for the first time the voice of of temperance. He had much to do the Catholic missionary in 1885. The with turning Wallace from a mining historian, Parkman, said that “never camp to a city. a cape was turned, never a river en¬ Reverend D. M. Helmick was ap¬ tered, but a Jesuit led the way.’’ So pointed pastor in 1913 and immediate¬ we find the black robed followers of ly started repairs on the church and Ignatius leaving Gonzaga College at parsonage. Among other improvements Spokane, coming up the Coeur d’Alene made during his pastorate was the River, stopping at the Old Mission,

MULLAN CO-OP. Courtesy of Trading Association A. P. McRAE Owned by the People of Mullan

GROCERIES — MEATS — COAL Coal and Wood

Mullan, Idaho Mullan, Idaho and taking the narrow gauge road into the beginning of Catholic education in Wallace with no weapons save the Wallace, when a Catholic school was Cross and the Rosary, with no message opened in the basement of the hospital except the Fatherhood' of God and the in September, 1904. The following brotherhood of man. year the Sisters built the present aca¬ The first secular priest to visit the demy on Bank Street. district was Father Wm. Dwyer. This On Rosary Sunday in October, 1917, was in 1888. Two years later he secur¬ Father Thomas J. Purcell succeeded ed from John T. Argyle several lots, Father Becker. Since then his parish which are still church property. About has been in charge of Fathers N. Fox, this time hundreds of miners were J. C. Dolan, A. Augustine, J. H. clamoring for a suitable hospital. Re¬ Maloney, E. A. Schermanson, James presentatives of their union and those Gresl. of the citizens’ committee on the 6 th day of June, 1891, met with two The long winters for so many years Sisters of Charity of Providence, who had weather-beaten the aged church, came to Missoula, Montana. The Sisters which Father Keyser had built, and agreed to spend $50,000 on a hospital the congregation had' so increased that and a temporary unit was started. a new building was sorely needed. In Bishop Glorieux, in his first visit on September, 1922, at a meeting oif the October 1st., promised the Sisters a Catholic Daughters of America, they Chaplain, who proved to be the first urged holding a bazaar to start a building fund. The suggestion was well resident priest and Rector of the Mis sions of the Coeur d’Alenes, Father received and soon every one, Catholic Remi S. Keyser. He arrived on Sat¬ and' non-Catholic alike, began prepar¬ urday, November 15, 1891, and found ations. The bazaar held in November living rooms over Otterson’s store. exceeded all hopes, when $5,633.24 Mass was said during the week at the was cleared in three days. In the sum¬ hospital and on Sunday’s in the Wor¬ mer of 1924 a program was started. sted undertaking parlor. Before other Mr. Harry L. Day, one of the parish- arrangements could be made, labor oners, after being informed of the troubles began and the mines were plans, made a wonderful proposition to shut down on New Year’s day of 1892. the parish. He promised to subscribe Seven months later the new hospital an amount equal to that raised in the was ready and Mass was said in the parish, this amount to be not less than basement of the institution. $25,000 and not to exceed $50,000. A united drive was made the last week Through private subscriptions and of May, 1925, and in one week $30,000 a bazaar in the fall of 1894, funds was raised in cash, which made pos¬ were raised to erect a frame church sible a realization of the hopes of many at the corner of Pine and Second hearts. A year previous, two more streets, which was completed and dedi¬ lots had been acquired, making in all cated by Bishop Glorieux on October a plot 100 by 150 feet. The old parish 20, 1895. house was moved to the academy After six years of missionary work, grounds, fitted up as classrooms and Father Keyser left for Europe on a dormitories, and given to the Sisters. vacation and his place was taken by The William R. Miller home adjoining Father F. A. Becker on May 5, 1897. the church property was purchased as There being no parish house, he began a parish house. The old church was the erection of a frame building ad¬ dismantled in May and the new struc¬ joining the church. For twenty long ture began. This edifice is a thing of years he toiled in this parish watching beauty, Tudor Gothic in design,

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IDAHO SALES CO. “PERSONAL LOANS”

217 Tabor Bldg. Phone 201 303 Sixth St. Wallace, Idaho Wallace, Idaho 61

fashioned of bricks, cement, and steel. any week day. The stores and saloons The pews are of oak, the doors of were all open. As he passed the bank, gumwood, ana the panelled ceiling of he recognized the cashier, Mr. Hussey, coast fir. It is a dream come true as a gentleman he had' known before after long years of waiting, due to and stepped in to renew old acquaint¬ the generosity of Mr. Harry L. Day, ance. Mr. Hussey offered to give him the Catholics of Wallace, and many a check for one hundred dollars. An¬ fair-minded non-Catholic. This monu¬ other member of the bank pledged ment stands to the glory of God, to $75.00 and a third pledged $50.00. the beauty of the City, and will be The entire amount of one thousand an inspiration for generations to come. dollars was subscribed after the even¬ HISTORY OP EPISCOPALIAN ing service and the congregation was ACTTVITLES dismissed with the cheering news that The church in Wallace has passed the church would be built in the spring. through many and varied experiences.. The new clinker brick church was Its history is filled with discouraging planned about 1907 during Reverend incidents, as is the case with most churches in pioneer towns. But, thru Oswald Taylor’s stay in Wallace. He did most faithful work in securing the devotion and perservance of its subscriptions and had plans drawn up faithful comunicants. it has shown but resigned on February 28, 1909, to wonderful vitality and has lived thru them all. go to Portland, Oregon. On June 26, 1910, the cornerstone The first services were held in the for the new church was laid by the fall of 1887 by Bishop Talbot in Rt. Reverend James B. Funston, Bis¬ Human’s Hall, a frame structure burn¬ hop of Idaho, with Reverend P. W. ed down in the first Wallace fire in Reed as Rector. During the erection 1890, July 4th. of the new church, the congregation Upon nis arrival in Wallace, the Bis¬ worshipped in a store building on hop secured at once from Captain Wal¬ Cedar Street, number 415. Reverend lace, after whom the town was named, Mr. Reed resigned on June 30, 1910, the promise of an eligible lot on Cedar and was succeeded by Reverend Al- Street, where the church still stands. ward Chamberlain on August 1, 1910. The next step necessary was to raise On August 20, 1910, the great forest the money for building a church. fire swept the mountain around Wal¬ After the first morning service and lace and part of the town was destroy¬ before dismissing the congregation, ed. The section in which the new which had gathered to hear the Bis¬ church was located escaped the flames, hop, he spoke to them of the im¬ but the building was somewhat delay¬ portance of having a place to worship, ed'. However, by the end of November and asked their generous cooperation the church was almost completed and in securing the funds. By way of en¬ Reverend Chamberlain held the first couragement, he informed them that service of Holy Communion on Novem¬ a kind layman in Philadelphia, Mr. ber 23, 1910, in the new church. Lemuel Coffin, had given him a check for $500.00 on condition that the Frances Holland Hospital Bishop raise $1,000.00 more and he The same year the church was built expressed the hope that Wallace might the Bishop received a donation from obtain this gift. a lady in New York for the purpose During the afternoon the Bishop of building a hospital in Wallace. The took a walk thru the camp. On every hospital was built where the Wallace side he found men hard at work, as on Hospital now stands and was named

Courtesy of Compliments of the

THE “SPA” VICTOR HOTEL RESTAURANT H. L. (Bud) SMITH, Prop.

208 Main St. Kellogg, Idaho Mullan, Idaho for the lady who had donated the emigrant seeking a new home in the money for its construction. It was vast reaches of the Pacific coast, and rented to Dr. Simms for a number of always carrying its mission of teaching years. Part of the rent was paid into the warlike Indians the message of the church treasury to help defray peace, it still remains intact, a mute church expenses. The hospital was testimony of the days and scenes that sold in 1898 by the Bishop to Dr. are now crowded far back into the Magee. It is now owned by Dr. Max pages of history. T. Smith and Dr. Ellis. In 1842 the Jesuit missionaries had Senior Guild found their way into the wigwams of The Senior Guild was organized in the Indians of the northwest and, feel¬ 1888 with Mrs. Henry Ford as presi¬ ing the need of a place to centralize dent, Mrs. Dilliam Worstell as vice- their work, they chose a site in the president, Mrs. Walter Jones as trea¬ beautiful valley of the St. Joseph River. surer, and Mrs. Sherwin as secretary. Here nature had been lavish with her This guild took part in the laying of display. Embedded in a noble range the corner stone of the old church of mountains the valley of the St. and the new and also in the laying Joseph is a beautiful gem. Quick to of the corner stone of the Frances realize the beauty of the spot and Holland' Hospital. The Senior Guild with the taste and sentiment of those still survives and has aided the church who understand the handiwork of thru all the years of its existence and nature, the Fathers selected the site now serves as Altar Guild. for their home. A small plateau, pro¬ Junior Guild jecting into the valley from the slopes, Holy Trinity Junior Guild was or¬ on which the forest lay as yet un¬ ganized in 1908 by the brides of the touched by the woodsman, and a rich Parish under Reverend Oswald' Taylor virgin soil smiled in beauty of pro¬ and is now functioning as a strong fusion, cultured by the hand of nature factor in supporting the church and alone, offered them a choice garden parish activities. that, with slight attention, should yield St. Margaret’s Guild abundant fruits. Here they maintained themselves for years until, finding St. Margaret’s Guild was organized the overflow of the lower portion of in 1935 by the younger women inter¬ the valley entered as an impediment ested in the welfare of the church both to pleasant travel and to the and parish and is active and useful in extension of their fields, they removed promoting social contacts and activities some 20 miles further away from the and is truly the “open door to the lake and in 1854 constructed the re¬ church.” As an organization they have markable building that stands today taken over the Church School, furnish¬ as the monument of their labors. ing teachers and' assisting in every way possible in the success of the The new site was eqaully as pleasing children’s work in the parish. to the eye as the one they were forced to vacate. Selecting a prominent knoll CATADDO MISSION overlooking the spreading valley of the The Northwest can boast of no more Coeur d’Alene and near the waters of historic spot nor one around which that then clear and sparkling stream, more beautiful memories hover than the location was all that could' be de¬ the Old Mission of the Jesuit Fathers. sired to please and satisfy the esthetic Standing for years as the shelter and nature of the missionaries. The wide mecca of the wandering prospector, a valley offered hundreds of acres of refuge in times of war to the weary choice land that could easily support

Compliments of Compliments of the BISHOP’S MULLAN CLEANERS SERVICE STATION 220 Hunter Street PETE BISHOP TEXACO PRODUCTS Mullan Idaho Highway No. 10 Mullan, Idaho 63

the mission in the manner the Fathers The services were explained to them designed. They desired to teach not the best way possible and, when the only the red men of Christianity, but to house was fully consecrated to God train their hands in the tilling of the and his work, they rode away again soil and' the improving of their physical with the feeling that something, they condition with the aid of a bountiful knew not what, had entered their midst nature that smiled to them in their to work a change in their lives. labors and returned to them rich har¬ For 82 years the building has stood vests as the fruit of their toil. The unchanged. Thousand's of men, women, forests surrounding the site offered the and children, red and white, have timbers for the building and, with the found shelter in the walls or been in¬ eye of one who builds with the idea of structed in the elementary branches of permanency, they selected their logs. a praciical education. For 27 years Without the use of a nail or the sound it was the gathering place of the of a hammer, the imposing structure Indians and settlers. Within its walls rose on its foundations. The Indians assembled the children of the red man stood near by in awed silence as these and of the white man, and the kindly men of God worked and worshipped Fathers taught them all. Dear in the that the red man might be made bet¬ memory of the Coeur d’Alene tribe is ter. Warlike and sullen at the ap¬ the name of Father DeSmet, who spent proach of the white man and revenge¬ 50 years of his life as a messenger of ful because of the lost hunting grounds peace among the tribes of the north- on the other side of the mountains, west and who first established the the Indians were ever alert to throw Coeur d’Alene mission. He was nobly obstacles ana even death itself in assisted in his work by Father Joseph, the approach of the civilizing forces whose 40 years active service is still of the white man. But no such force fresh in the memories of the older was manifest as the walls of the mis¬ people of the various tribes. In his sion rose. Sometimes stepping forward honor the St. Joe River takes its name. to lend a helping hand when the Others connected with the building of strength of the missionaries faltered, this first church in the northwest were or ready to divide the results of the Fathers Gazzoli and Ravalli, and a hunt that the work might go forward skilled layman, Brother Magri, who unretarded, these rovers of the vast not only superintended the work of domains of the west, who looked upon building the church but also erected the region as their own, stood by in a dwelling house by its side, a horse¬ silent wonder and' reverent spirit power grist mill, a bakery, barns, and while the structure that meant civil¬ other necessary small buildings. ization for them arose in their midst. There are many stirring events in The record's show not one act of in¬ the history of the “Old Mission” build¬ justice or cruelty to the missionaries ing, which make it especially cherished who built this mission. Other scenes of in the minds of all early settlers in the similar nature have been marred by northwest. Beneath its moss covered bloody records of misplaced confidence roof have rested Generals Sherman, and the treachery of a misguided soul, Sheridan, Isaac Stevens, and others but not so among the Indians of the prominent in the civil and military Coeur d’Alenes. The building was fin¬ history of this section. Captain John ished. From far and wide came the Mullan, in 1859, made the site of the trooping red men and their squaws in mission a base for his supplies in the response to the invitation of the building of the Mullan Road from Fort Fathers to be present at the dedication. Walla Walla to Fort Benton and thus

COURTESY Compliments of the O. K. CAFE WALLACE GUN AND

216 6th Street KEY SHOP

Wallace, Idaho Opp. Samuels Hotel Wallace, Idaho 64

throughout all the early history of the district given the number of the ori¬ settlement of the northwest the “Old ginal Wardner District. Mission” played no small part and Enrollment in these schools has, of which, still standing, bears silent wit¬ course, increased, sometimes rapidly, ness to the zeal and energy of the sometimes more slowly, but rather Jesuit Fathers and as a mark in the constantly the fifty-four years. Origin¬ pages of the past history of a vast ally Wardner was mucn the larger empire. Its real service as a church school and the first high school defin¬ ended many years ago when the mis¬ itely known as such was in the Ward¬ sion was removed to DeSmet, some 75 ner building, although as early as miles to the west, but occasionally yet 1900 some students in the Kellogg the people in the vicinity assemble in Schools had received' enough high the old building and hold services. school credits to enter the universities. The building will stand for years to At present the Wardner School come and will continue to bear its houses only the first six grades, and silent testimony of the times and con¬ a new modern one-story building is ditions that are now past and gone, soon to replace the thirty-five year old never to be repeated. frame structure. Father Cataldo was one of the out¬ Enrollment in Kellogg Schools at standing Catholic missionaries who de¬ present stands at an annual average voted much of his life to the Christain- of approximately 1350. Height peak in izing of the Indian races. He was the enrollment for the system was their close friend and advisor and ac¬ reached in 1929-30, when a total of complished a great amount of 1045 elementary pupils and 406 high good during his career among them. pupils, or a grand total of 1451, were He played an important part in the in attendance. There has been a con¬ history of the Old Mission, near stant increase in high school enroll¬ Cataldo, where he was greatly beloved ment, offset in some measure by a by the Indians of the Coeur d’Alene slight decrease in elementary enroll¬ tribe. ment; and during the past eighteen KELLOGG-WARDNER SCHOOLS years Kellogg High School has more than doubled in size. High School en¬ The Wardner School District No. 6 rollment in 1922 was 204; and 1937- was created by act of the County Com¬ missioners on September 17, 1886; 38, when the peak enrollment was reached, there were 453. Kellogg District No. 9 in 1888. Bound¬ aries of the original Wardner District When the present Wardner building were “the same as road district No. is replaced, Kellogg will have four 10.’’ Road district No. 10 boundaries modern substantial school buildings. “hereby established bounded as fol¬ Three elementary buildings housing the lows: that portion of the South Fork first six grades; the combined Wash¬ country extending to the summit of ington and high school building housing the mountains on the north and south grades seven and eight, commonly side of the South Fork of the Coeur called the junior high school, the high d’Alene River, commencing at the low¬ school, and one section each of the er line of William Gerard’s Ranch and first 'three elementary grades. Big Creek, a tributary of said river The staff comprises forty-one class¬ from the south side.” Thus, School room teachers, the high school princi¬ District No. 6 originally included what pal, Emory Bruns, the Superintendent, was later established as District No. 9. John M. Booth, the stenographer, and The two districts were again consoli¬ six custodians. In addition, Alice B. dated in 1912 and the consolidated' Hague, Clerk of the Board, has her

Cochise Rock Drills Timken Bits MARY ANN’S Edwards Wire Rope Sandvik Steel BEAUTY SHOP Phone 100 BRES MINING Therapeutic Steam Treatment for all EQUIPMENT CO. scalp disorders, for Dandruff, Dry Phone 375 Wallace, Idaho Scalp, falling hair. Western Caps, Columbia Powder, Rilling Permanents Mine Ventilation, Mine Locomotives 65 office in the building and spends her Public sentiment favored a building full time there. Members of Directors owned by the district. During the as of 1939-40 are: Thomas R. Jones spring of 1890 over $800 was raised W. R. McFaddin, Willard Johnson, Doy by subscription, dances, and ice cream McKinley, John Gaby, and Alice Hague. sales to build a school on Cedar Street Performance of Kellogg High School between Second and Third Streets on graduates, who go to normal schools lots donated by O. B. Wallace, son of and universities, and the results of the founder of the city. This new standardized achievement tests, which building soon proved to be too small, are administered throughout the and from 1890 to November 12, 1892, system, indicate that good work is school was held in a frame structure being done by Kellogg classroom erected by the trustees on the corner teachers. of Bank and Second streets. Relationships between the school and Realizing that the enrollment was the community are excellent. likely to keep on increasing for a There are two active and very much number of years, members of the board worthwhile Parent-Teachers Associa¬ in the summer of 1892 floated a bond tions, one affiliated with the Wardner issue and erected at a cost of $10,210 building and one with the Sunnyside on what is the site of the present jun¬ building. ior high building the finest school WALLACE SCHOOLS building, at that time, in north Idaho. Agitation for a school here was first This builamg was put into service started by County Superintendent Ham- Novemoer 12, 1892, with an atten¬ mell, who appointed a temporary board dance of 101 pupils. In 1892 the of trustees in August, 1887. This first high school classes were formed, board' consisting of Robert Neill, pres¬ and in 1895 the first graduating class, ident; James Chisholm, secretary; and consisting of five girls, received di¬ G. Scott Anderson, treasurer; was plomas, having completed the required formally elected by the voters. The three years of study. In 1896 the earliest school district organized in this high school became an accredited locality included the territory now em¬ four-year institution. In 1901 and' bracing Mullan, Burke, and the present again in 1908, further additions be¬ site of Osburn. Fifty children resided came necessary to the building, and within these boundaries, but only fif¬ this structure stood until 1930, when teen of these lived in the vicinity of it was replaced by the present modern Wallace. junior and grade school building. The first board of trustees rented Those early-day annexations, how¬ a log house about where the bowling ever, were not enough to house both alley now stands and, after several the grade and high schools; and, dur¬ postponements, school was finally be¬ ing the summer of 1914, the present gun October 31, 1887, thirteen children high school building was completed at being in attendance. The term lasted the cost of $65,000. The structure, only three months, the school being intended as a community center, con¬ closed in December until better weath¬ tained a swimming pool, a bowling al¬ er conditions should prevail. The sec¬ ley, and equipment for physical educa¬ ond term of school commenced July 2, tion classes for both men and women. 1888, in a building on the corner of The first class to graduate from the Third and Cedar streets, with twenty present high school numbered twenty pupils in attendance. Weather condi¬ students, some of whom still live in tions again forced closing of the school this community. Members of the class in December. were Cliffora Magnuson, George Mc-

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823 McKinley Avenue Kellogg, Idaho Kibben, Lester Brass, Evan Wickward, the time of the Miners’ Picnic in Kel¬ Oscar Tomsche, Thomas McKenna, logg, the 1940 celebration to be Aug¬ Gladys Evans McLaughlin, Anita Ma- ust 15, 16, 17, 18, which will be the Carthy Hoban, Peter McKenna, Mary 7th annual celebration. Mr. R. L. Clark, Wesley Miller, Frank Lockhart, Brainard is president and Myron Ross Monroe Murphy, Phillip Pifer, Clarence is secretary. The most impressive of Hibbard, Grace Larson, Lorena Herry- services is the roll call of “Old Tim¬ ing, Cora Wearne Dube, Gladys Sulli¬ ers.” Only those having come to the van, and Edna Floodstrum. county before 1890 answer the roll. The new high school building, to¬ The number is growing smaller each gether with the enlarged grade build¬ year, but the following named mem¬ ing, met requirements quite amply for bers will likely answer the roll when a number of years until the enrollment called this coming August: passed the 700 mark in 1925 and had 1882— grown to 800 by the spring of 1930. Wright, F. E. To releive the overcrowded conditions, the old grade building was torn down 1883— and' supplanted by the present modern Craig, W. A. three-story junior high school struc¬ Gilger, Josephine. ture. Built at a cost of $155,000 plus Rammelyer, Ernest. $10,000 for equipment, the biulding 1884— marked the beginning of a new period Booth, Ed. of development. Vowels, Edith. Of the thirteen high school teachers, Davis, Fred. five hold master degrees, and all the DeKay, Henry. remainder have done advanced work. Fleming, Mrs. M. The twelve teachers in the grade Fournier, John. school have also taken training be¬ George, Lee. yond that required for a teaching cer¬ Kratzer, C. Fred. tificate. Will J. Jones is superinten¬ Lafferiy, Benj. S. dent. Lynch, Phil J. The following shows a record' of out¬ Oatman, L. J. standing achievements under the tutel¬ Smith, Frank Sr. age of Coach Mel Ingram: Wright, Mrs. F. E. 1930—Basketball champs North Ida. 1885— 1930— State track meet winners. Arment, Mrs. Newton. 1931— Football champs North Ida. Beale, C. W. 1932— Track champs North Ida. Coumerihl, William. 1932— State track meet winners. Hardy, N. T. 1933— Basketball champs Panhandle. Lafferty, Mrs. Benj. 1934— Football champs Panhandle. McNally, Miles. 1935— Basketball champs. Panh’dle. Niemeier, Minnie. 1936— Basketball champs. Panh’ndle. St. Germain, Victoria. 1937— Basketball champs Panhandle. 1886— 1938— Football champs. Panhandle. Murray, John. 1939— -Track champs. Panhandle. Cosgriff, Mrs. David. 1939—Football champs. Panhandle. Gay, Evans. Mary Gay PIONEER ASSOCIATION Mason, Katherine Goetz. The “Shoshone County Pioneer As¬ McKinnis, Armand. sociation” is an institution in Sho¬ Melroy, Mrs. Charles. shone County. It meets annually at Murphy, John F.

Compliments of THE MINERS INN KELLOGG MAYTAG OTTO OLSON, Prop. Fountain - Tobacco - Magazines COMPANY School Supplies

Phone 325 Kellogg, Idaho Burke, Idaho 67

Sinclair, M. J. Some one once said, “Habits are at Smith, Frank, Jr. first cobwebs, at last cables.” The Swinerton, A. F. man who falls into the habit of pok¬ Wyer, A. N. ing fun at religion and the finer 1887- things of life someday will find his Alien, Peter. own better self strangled and destroy¬ Auld, Ina. ed by that same cable which he him¬ Auld, John. self has created. You can wipe away Carmody, James. the cobweb now; you may be unable Goettge, Mary. to snap the cable if you wait. Re¬ Hendershot, Susie E. member, your character is like white Herrick, Margaret. paper. It is easier to keep it white Johnson, Fred. than to whiten it after it has become McKinley, C. A. soiled. Otter, Joseph. Rev. Francis Kinch. Worstell, Bruce G. Busy! Yes, we are all busy: but 1888— why not pause for a moment. Lift Coneybeare, Emma Boyle. up your eyes to the hills,—to the sky Goddard, Margaret. and consider the beauty of the land Kay, E. Lela Bell. in which we live. Here we are con¬ Lamielle, Anna. stantly surrounded by beauty. Have Langland, Angie. you seen it? Let us thank God for it. Shiplette, Pauline. Mrs. Francis Kinch Shonts, Mrs. Sidney. Sommers, Marie. Keep your word. Weber, Mrs. E. P. Mrs. A. F. Lieb 1889— Corby, Eliza. One should persist. If you are try¬ Gibson, Ed. ing anything stick to it. One more Golsong, Sabing. round or a little more effort may be Holmes, Edith. the difference between disappointment Jones, Mrs. O. D. and success. Early in life I learned Leighty, Mrs. L. the value of persistence. I had bus¬ Linn, Samuel. iness at Kingston Spur. The passenger Lombard, Ann. train stopped at Enaville, but not at Matheson, Mrs. M. Kingston Spur. I had to walk the dis¬ Williams, Charley. tance between these two places in order to catch the passenger train to Wallace. On my way I heard' the passenger train whistle behind me, so The saying, “Honesty is the best I started to run, leaving the roadbed policy, never becomes old fashioned. only to let the train pass. I kept on Getting by without getting caught is running although my chances looked clever, but there is always a day of hopeless. The train stopped at Enaville reckoning. In a world of changing and waited. When I got abroad, I ex- economic and social conditions, the presesd surprise at the train’s stopping words of Shakespeare are still vital: so long. The conductor said, “Young “To thine own self be true, and it fol¬ Man, it would have been a crime to lows as the night the day thou canst leave you.” And so it thru life: if you not then be false to any man.” persist others will help you. Judge Thomas B. Kelly Roy H. Kingsbury

Compliments of Union Oil Compnay Of California REGINA STAND M. McKAY, Mgr.

Osburn, Idaho Osbum, Idaho XII—TALL TALES ledge and they are continuing the Pierce’s Diamond search to this day. Many writers have assigned different Spirits Locate a Mine. reasons for Pierce’s manifest interest (As Told by M. J. Sinclair) in the prospecting of the Nez Perce Mr. Kellogg was a strong believer eountry. One states that some time in spiritualism, and my last talk with in the early ’fifties an Indian of one him was on that subject. I remember of the northern tribes visited the lo¬ it well, for it had something to do cality in California where Pierce was with another prospecting trip which then mining; that the Indian told a he wanted to make before death would strange story of an apparition seen by overtake him. It was a queer story, himself and two traveling companions characteristic of the man, who strong¬ in the rugged cliffs of his Idaho home; ly believed in the supernatural. This that the apparition was in the shape is what he told me: of a great, blazing ball of light, which The spirits had revealed to him that the superstitious red men believed to down in California there was to be be the eye of the Great Spirit. The found a greater and more valuable Indians were too awestriken and fear¬ treasure than the world had ever found ful to venture any explorations until before. Countless ages ago, the spir¬ daylight, when diligent search reveal¬ its told him, the world was as far ed a large, glittering ball that re¬ advanced' in civilization as it is today. sembled glass, embedded in the coun¬ That at a certain time in its history try rock. Believing their discovery to the astronomers discovered that a col¬ be “great medicine,” they endeavored lision was to take place between the with all their might and skill to dis¬ earth and another planet, which would lodge and appropriate the treasure, destroy all things living on earth. A but were unable to do so, and the vault was built deep in the bowels of great ball was still in situ. the earth, and therein they placed val¬ This story, says the writer refer¬ uable records and books of that age red to, so fired the imagination of the and period. The world was destroyed', visionary Pierce that he at once form¬ and Mr. Kellogg believed that he was ed the design of going in search of the one wno was chosen to find the the wonderful ball, believing it to be records of a lost world. How, I asked a huge diamond. him, would you be able to read those Robinson’s Lost Mines records, in case you found them? The spirits had told' him, he answered, Robinson, the Fraud', occasioned the that at the time of the destruction of greatest quartz excitement that ever the earth, the language used by the prevailed in North Idaho. It is thought people was English, so there would be he carried samples of rich ore from a no difficulty from that source. mine in Idaho City and cached them near Oro Fino. Here he pretended The Dream Mine. to discover a rich lode. He organized While working in the Calico district companies both in California and in of Southern California, N. S. Kellogg Boston, from which he reaped a rich had retired to his cabin for his usual reward. But his unfortunate backers rest. To him there came a vision, in each of the two efforts were never whether in sleep or in waking mo¬ to profit by the deception. He made ments he could not tell. Before him two fortunes from one sack of ore and rose a rugged, lofty mountain, with a good story. Hundreds of prospec¬ cliffs and deep chasms penetrating its tors have hunted for the Robinson grand recesses. He seemed to be

Compliments of Compliments of THE METALS CLUB MARY’S PLACE Samuels Hotel Bldg.

Osbum, Idaho Wallace, Idaho

_ 69

wandering above along its broken walls her fur-lined robe, and later provided in search of mineral and a mine it a cabin for the woman. contained. Some mountain genii di¬ Came With Calamity Jane. rected his steps toward a particular A description believed to be reliable spot in the face of the mountain, and is given her by another, as follows: a great vein of gold and' silver, lying “Molly Burdan came in with Cala¬ within its depths, appeared to his eag¬ mity Jane to Thompson Falls. Calam¬ er and dazzled sight. Great bodies of ity returned to Deadwood and Molly ore lay in masses ready for the pick came on into Murray. Molly was a of the miner and wanted only develop¬ blonde, about 5 feet 6 inches tall and ment to bring him the wealth he had weighed about 120 pounds. She had a sought for so long in vain. For hours sharp nose and' thin lips and a pleasing he lay in his rude bed, feasting his face when in conversation. She must eyes upon this enchanting prospect, have had a good education and showed and arose at last, convinced that in signs of refinement and good bringing time this wonderful mine would be his. up.” “It was no pnantom of the brain,” An interesting item found pasted on said he, “and I shall yet find that the original Murray cemetery record, mine.” Later he found the Bunker owned by Frank Heath of Murray, is Hill & Sullivan. herewith reproduced in full: Molly B. Damn Death of Molly Burdan. “A woman known all over the coast, Since the publication of William passes to the Great Beyond. Stoll’s book, “Silver Strike,” the story “Maggie Hall, for that was her of the woman known as Molly b'Damn maiden name, died at 6 o’clock yes¬ has become almost synonymous with terday morning, Tuesday, January 17, the gold rush of 1883. The nickname 1888. The deceased was known only was a corruption of her real name, as Molly Burdan, and as such, she Burdan. Various stories of her good¬ was known all over the coast, from ness and' badness have been told. One the frozen north to the sunny south. man describes her as a tall, sinuous She was born in Kingston County of brunette, always beautifully gowned Dublin, Ireland, of English parentage, and jeweled, and generally riding a on November 26, 1853, and was con¬ high-bred horse that she was wont to sequently a few months past 34 years ride into the saloons, where she drank of age. She came to New York in her whiskey straight. Another tells 1873 and migrated west in 1877, living of her violent temper, and illustrates at Virginia City, Nevada, San Francis¬ it with the tale of a tramp, who came co, Portland, and in other places. In into a saloon and asked for something January, 1884, she came with the to eat at the lunch counter. When he pioneers over the frozen wastes of was refused, Molly took the situation snow into the Coeur d’Alenes. in hand and held up the house, de¬ “She has been a conspicuous figure claring everything free and open, in¬ in this camp, and for good and evil viting all to “help yourselves, boys.’’ she nas drawn more public attention A pioneer told of Molly’s kindness on than any other woman of her class. In the Thompson Falls trail. On foot, a the early days, when exposure laid woman was carrying her 3-year-old many men low, she was a ministering baby. Molly came along on her horse; angel to the sick and suffering. and, though she could have easily Neither wind nor weather kept her reached Murray that night, she stayed from the unfortunate’s bedside, and with the woman and her baby, shared these kind acts have been recorded' in

Compliments of the O. K. TIRE SHOP Vulcanizing and Used DELUXE BAR Tires JIM MENDEL, Prop. Kellogg, Idaho 15 E. Cameron Kellogg, Idaho 70

the Book of Books in her behalf. Of and committed suicide. Davis was not her wayward course it is needless to a miner. He was a man of the gospel speak. She flashed like a diamond in in his day. When the Coeur d’Alene her early life from coast to coast and excitement broke out in 1883, it was the mistress of a millionaire; hut preyed upon his mind, and his vision, she drifted with the tide of events, as as he termed it, directed him to Dream most such women usually do, and final¬ Gulch. He laid down his bible and the ly found herself in a humble cabin in plow in the Palouse Country and came the Coeur d’Alenes. She suffered' a up to the camp to realize his dream. lingering illness; and, to the credit of Whether by accident or otherwise, he him in whom she placed her trust, her struck it during the summer of 1884, declining days were made comfortable, made considerable money, and in the if not happy, and her every want was fall sold' out an interest in his ground. readily met. To the lasting credit of He cleared up about $10,000 and re¬ our Christian ladies, it must also be turned to the Palouse region. He said that they were not unmindful of afterwards bought a farm at Mon¬ the wants of the sufferer in her long mouth, Oregon. Davis contended that illness; and whatever could be done by in his dream or vision, which came them was done without ostentation to him three nights successively, he in a pure and noble spirit. The funer¬ saw with vivid clearness a lonely gulch al will take place in the new burial in the Coeur d’Alene Mountains, and a ground at half past three on this af¬ voice declared that in this gulch lay ternoon from South Second street; and a store of golden wealth. Acting on the service will be simple, the deceased this revelation, he went to the Coeur having been a Catholic, but having d’Alenes, noted' and followed certain been refused absolution.” landmarks as he had seen them in The cemetery is across the river his dream, and found the gulch exactly from Murray on the side of the hill. as it had appeared in his vision. It contains many markers, a large "DUTCH JAKE" number of which are stone. The one commemorating the famous Molly b’ By Jim Wardner Damn (Maggie Hall) may be seen from Jacob Goetz is the most noted and the roaa. The burial record says that most unique character in the great she died at 6 o’clock P. M. on Janu¬ Northwest. He is a man of wealth, ary 17, 1888. She was buried' at the influence, and strange peculiarities. request of J. N. Russell, a salonkeep- For many years he has been known er, who had taken care of her during throughout Montana, Oregon, Idaho, her illness. The location is described and Washington as “Dutch Jake.” In as ”20 feet from the lower line near 1885 he came to the Coeur d’Alene west end of Masonic plot.” country with hundreds of other stam- peders and hauled all his worldly Another Dream Mine possessions from Thompson Falls to The Murray Sun of February, 1887, Murray on a toboggan. Between his an excelent authority on Coeur d’Alene broad Dutch smile and his fairly good history, contained the following item: whiskey, he became popular with the The body of F. M. Davis, known to miners and made money rapidly. Being everyone in the Coeur d’Alenes as the owner of rich bar-diggings at “Dream Davis,” has been discovered. Potosi, it was his habit, whenever he He disappeared from Portland about saw a man who was broke, to give two months ago. His body was identi¬ him an outfit and tell him to go to fied beyond doubt in Los Angeles, work at the diggings and' to take out California. He had spent all his money enough gold to give himself a start.

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Dutch Jake remembered a girl back now and then we found great wads in the states, a rosy checked girl that of his hair where he had climbed over he had been fond of. He wrote to the down timber and scraped his sides her to come out to the mountains and against the logs. How under the share his increasing wealth. She came. heavens the little devil managed to get In 1887, on the 17th day of January, through that place I can’t tell, but Murray witnessed the greatest and after we got into the canyon proper, grandest wedding of its history. Jake his trail was easy. Looking across the published a notice in the local news¬ creek, we saw the jack upon the side paper inviting all persons within the of the hill and apparently gazing in¬ limits of Montana, Idaho, and Wash¬ tently across the canyon at some ob¬ ington to come to his wedding. Then ject which atracted his attention. We he had posters printed and posted went up the slope after him, expecting up on the mountain walls and the big that as usual he would give us a hard trees and every sightly place, asking chase, but he never moved as we ap¬ readers to join the feast and the proached. His ears were set forward, festivities at Murray, Idaho, the last his eyes were fixed upon some object, line of the invitation reading, “No¬ and he seemed wholly absorbed. Reach¬ body barred.” The day of Dutch Jake’s ing his side, we were astounded' to find wedding opened with the firing of that the jack was standing upon a dynamite salutes in every camp and great outcropping of mineralized vein canyon where miners were at work. matter and looking in apparent amaze¬ The only brass band in the district ment at the marvelous ore chute blew its blasts and beat its drums all across the canyon, which then, as you day long, and wines and liquors were now see it, was reflecting the sun’s in exhaustless quantities for every¬ rays like a mirror. Jack fairly heaved one’s indulgence. There were fire¬ a sigh of relief as he heard our vigor¬ works and feasting and dancing. The ous comments. We lost no time in marriage ceremony was performed in making our locations. Where the jack the midst of the biggest crowd that stood we called it the Bunker-Hill, and ever gathered at one place and time the big ore chute we named the Sul¬ in the Ooeur d’Alene Mountains. The livan in honor of Con.” The Jack presents were numerous ana expensive. ended his days in luscious pasturage A week before the wedding I went to below Kellogg. Spokane Falls ana carried orders from more than two hundred friends and The Jackass Explodes admirers of Jake’s to purchase presents For a time the Jackass was a pri¬ for the happy couple. I remember that vileged character around Murray. Fin¬ one package of silverware weighed ally the part he had played in dis¬ more than 700 pounds. The variety of covering the Bunker Hill was forgotten wedding presents was not only won¬ in the increasing noise of his cease¬ derful but astounding, covering every less braying, which kept people in the necessity of living, including the bed¬ town awake. The public moved against room. him. Several sticks of dynamite were lashed to his body and a long fuse The Jack Ass That Discovered a Mine ignited. He galloped toward the out¬ “It was this way.” began Mr. Kel¬ skirts of the city while miners rushed' logg, “the d - - d jack shook us one pel mell to escape from his immediate night at the mouth of tue creek, and vicinity. The explosion reverberated the next morning we started' out to throughout the canyon. That night find hhn. His tracks were plain and Murray slept in peace. (Silver Strike.)

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THE PROPHET JACKASS goad' from the side of the trail and The following story was told by applied it with much vigor; the poor Noah S. Kellogg as having taken place animal rushed forward a few paces before he returned to Murray after and stopped suddenly athwart the trail his “find”: and, turning his head so as to point directly to a high peak which was a Discouraged by the refusal of his noted land mark in the vicinity, brayed “grubstake” partners to take any in¬ terest in the discovery, which, he flat¬ long and loua. Kellogg was amazed. tered himself, would lead on to for¬ The thought came to him of the pro¬ test made by Balaam’s ass as related tune, he decided to go to Murray and secure, if possible, the aid of his in the Bible, against the false prophet’s treatment, ana might not this be an¬ friend, Phil O’Rourke. Perhaps, he other example for his information. He thought, in his eagerness to secure paused. The dumb animal gazed at the prosperity he had exaggerated the im¬ distant craggy mountain with the di¬ portance of his discovery and was mis¬ rectness of a man pointing to a parti¬ leading himself by his hopes. He cular spot and refused to take a step doubted if he could procure the needed aid', and his spirits had sunk to the or to take his gaze from the distant lowest point. He packed his camp object. as the two stood on that lonely mountain side in a sort of a equipment and the remnant of his crazed stupor, the vision came to the supplies on the faithful burro and man of a great mine, a grand fissure started on the trail that crossed the deep in the bowels of the distant mountains to Murray, uncertain if he mountain, on which they looked, and would return or not. with more than mental sight he saw For several miles the rough and nar¬ its vast stores of ore, its winding row path wound up the gorge of a course as it cut through the solid little stream till, nearing the base of rock, which enfolded it, and thus to the main divide at its source, the trail him was revealed, by the wisdom of an ascended a steep ridge that led to the ass, the full results of his late labors lofty summit. The submissive burro had and explorations. The real mine was been trained to follow his master in upon the same fissure but lay a short “dog fashion,” but with a perverseness distance from the locations he had that was inexplicable until afterwards, previously made and which he was this morning he refused to budge. about to abandon. Kellogg turned hack and taking the “Men may say what they choose, halter off the reluctant beast led it but for that dumb beast the Bunker forward. Thinking that it was only Hill Mine would not have been dis¬ a temporary fit of obstinacy, which covered by me.” would soon disappear after a little The effect upon Kellogg was such travel, he tied up the halter and went that he led the burro back to the base on, expecting it to follow. But the of the hill, stripped the load from it, burro was still unreasonable and could cached it by the side of the trail, turn¬ only be induced to proceed forward ed loose his “mining phophet” to wand¬ with the halter, resisting more stub¬ er at its will, and preceeded to complete bornly at every step. Reaching the his journey alone with the conviction base of the sharp ascent in this way, that he had made a grand discovery, Kellogg tied up his halter once more which left no shadow of doubt behind. and placeu the obstinate animal in front of him on the trail and tried to drive him forward. He refused to Do not care how many but who you proceed. His master cut a willow please. Geo. D. Maloney

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A JACKASS THAT DISCOV ERED sions. With that he’d put in about A MINE two months in the hills and all he had (Dutch Jake’s Account) to show for it was this iron cap. He “I’m going to tell the true story showed it to Cooper & Peck, and they about the discovery of the Bunker Hill asked John M. Burke about it. Burke & Sullivan mine in the Coeur d’Alenes. had a great reputation. He saw it There’ve been a lot of stories written was smelting ore, and when he told about it, but I never saw one that was Cooper & Peck they got disgusted for right all the way through. they wanted free gold. They said to “It happened back in 1885. I was Kellogg that he’d better quit prospec¬ then at Murray, in the gold belt of the ting if he couldn’t get free gold. Coeur d’Alenes, where my partner, “Kellogg showed his samples to Phil Harry Baer, and I had a saloon. We O Rourke. It didn’t take a minute were partners, too, in mining deals. for Phil to see that it gave promise Harry stayed to tend to the business of producing some galena of carbon¬ in Murray while I went out into the ates, like the ores that made Colorado hills, looking after prospects. Dutch famous. Phil came to me and told me Jake’s bar, on Myrtle Creek near Mur¬ we'd better join Kellogg in staking ray, is named after me. that ground, so I turned our cayuses “I was pretty close to 30 years old and provisions over to Phil and Kel¬ then and I had made $25,000 or $30,- logg, and they struck right off for the 000 in tie and pile contracts for the South Fork. Meantime Kellogg had Northern Pacific during construction notified Cooper and' Peck that he had days. Then 1 had owned some saloons quit the grubstake deal with them. along the railway and we did a little “Kellogg took O’Rourke down to gambling. In 1883 I went to the gold Big Creek, on the South Fork, and belt of the Coeur d’Alenes on snow- pointed out the big iron capping that shoes over the mountains from Trout covered the ledges. Moving down the Creek, Mont. There was 20 feet of river, they came to Milo Creek, where snow on the hills. I was a real thing Kellogg now stands. There they lost as a pioneer, for I helped lay out the a pack horse, and while Old Man Kel¬ towns of Murray, Mullan, Eagle, Burke logg went in search of it up Elk Delta, Littlefield, Kellogg, and Ward- Gulch, Phil started the hunt up Milo. ner. At the head of the creek he found “I got acquainted with Phil some galena float, and, though it was O’Rourke, an old Colorado miner, who dreadful hard work to get through the was counted the best prospector in the brush and fallen timber, he climbed camp in those days. In the early sum¬ up the hill about 500 feet and there mer of 18S5 we went over toward Mul¬ he stumbleu upon the great Bunker lan to look after some claims, and Hill ledge, sticking right up out of when we returned to Murray with our the ground. There was nothing in cayuses we found old man Kellogg. He sight but glittering galena, and had been out prospecting on the South O’Rourke knew he had found the Fork of the Coeur d’Alene River greatest thing ever discovered in the near the spot where Kellogg, Idaho, northwest. He was so excited that he now stands, and he brought back some sat down for half an hour before he iron capping that he found. The old knew what to do. Finally he rushed man was prospecting on a grub stake back to Kellogg who was in camp at for Cooper and Peck of Murray. They the mouth of the gulch, and after had provided him with a burro and supper they spent the time planning with $18.75 worth of tools and provi¬ how to locate their find. Phil was so

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Pine Creek Phone 9-F-21 Phone 7-F-ll Page, Idaho 74 excited that he had forgotten to put up a hog back by Resolution Gulch, up any posts. That night he wrote and for three or four days we wander¬ the location notice and called the ed on until we went way past Kellogg mine the Bunker Hill, after the battle Peak, clean over into the St. Joe River of the revolution. But he decided it country. We were completely lost and would be best to have Kellogg sign had nothing to eat and nothing to the notice as locator for Phil had lots drink for a couple of days except of friends who had loaned him money some snow that had lain in gullies and they might try to clain an interest since the last winter. Sullivan was if it was staked in his name. pretty nearly done for. His tongue “Next morning they started up the was sticKing out and he could hardly gulch about two miles to make the move. You see, we were walking location, but their cayuses had strayed all the time, day and night, except away. As luck would have it, they for the little rests when we’d sit down found the old white burro that Cooper to get our bearings. We wandered and Peck had turned over to Kellogg around almost in a circle on those as a partner of his grubstake. The mountains ana at last came out on burro had wandered away when Kel¬ the South Fork of the Coeur d’Alene logg was there first. They caught the River, a little way above Kingston, ■beast and, loading their packs and about a mile. My, but I thought we’d' grub on it, they went up the gulch drink the river dry. to the Bunker Hill lode. Then Kellogg “A half breed woman on a ranch happened to think that maybe he’d there gave us something to eat, and better not appear as locator, for we went up to Jackass prairie, near Cooper and Peck might claim an in¬ the mouth of Milo Creek. By that terest on account of his first grub¬ time we knew where we were, and stake. So they threw away the location Sullivan went up the gulch to the notice witn Kellogg as locator and mines the next day and I went on to wrote a new one with O’Rourke as Murray. I was sore all the way the locator and Kellogg as witness. through at O’Rourke. I thought he “They went back to Murray next had lied to me about the route to the morning, and the sight of their sam¬ mines. But when I reached Murray ples set the camp crazy. Everybody I got word to come back to the strik \ knew in a general way that the find so back I went and founu out that was on the South Fork and,although Phil had made a mistake. O’Rourke and Kellogg wouldn’t tell “Meanwhile Cooper and Peck had folks exactly where it lay, the miners been over there looking at the strike. were getting ready for a stampede. They found the first location notice “Phil took me off to one side and that Kellogg had thrown aside and they wanted me to locate the extension of learned through the talk of Kellogg the Bunker Hill. He thought that and O’Rourke that the two used Coo¬ I’d better take Con Sullivan along with per and Peck’s burro in making the me as Sullivan was a sort of side- location. That was enough for Cooper partner of Phil’s. That night at 10 and Peck and they commenced' suit o’clock Con and I started out in a aginst the locators for a half interest furious rain without even a pack in the properly on account of their horse. We thought we could locate the original grubstake. They didn’t think mine by the directions that Phil gave of locating the extensions to the Bun¬ us. But as it turned out he made ker Hill, for O’Rourke had put up a mistake in describing the location, some fictitious posts to cover the and we had a dreadful time. We went ground. So when I got back there

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Sullivan and I located an extension Bozeman Courier, related the follow¬ and we called it the Sullivan mine. ing story about the Nigger Prairie. It was staked September 10, 1885, just One pioneer vouches for the truth of a week after the Bunker Hill was the story and another stamps the story staked. as false. “When Cooper and Peck’s suit for “Every mining camp has its legend a grubstake was brought in the super¬ of wonderful diggings, which has been ior court at Murray the jury gave a worked' in times passed, but which can verdict against them. However, Judge never be found when looked for. Dur¬ Norman Buck, who presided, reversed ing the fall of 1886, a negro came in¬ the jury’s verdict and held that the to Missoula with a large amount of real discoverers of the Bunker Hill gold dust, which he spent royally, with were Phil O’Rourke, Kellogg, and the the remark that he knew where there jackass, which was the property of was more of the same. The next Cooper and Peck. He gave them a spring he with three horses, went out quarter interest in the Bunker Hill. again and came back in the fall with W. B. Heyburn, later senator from a larger quantity of the precious metal Idaho, and Major Woods of Wallace, than he had brought in before. The Idaho, defended Cooper and Peck. Our next spring he went out again, this attorneys were Albert Allen, Judge time accompanied by a Flathead In¬ Claggett, and Frank Ganahl. The dian. The two were seen in July by lawyers all got interests in the mine a party of emigrants going to Oregon for their fees. We appealed the case via the Mullan Road. The negro and to the supreme court of the state, but the Flathead Indian were living in a while it was pending there, a deal was log cabin, which the negro had built, made to sell tne mine to Sim Reed of in a small opening, which came to be Portland for $1,500,000. It was nec¬ called Nigger Prairie. It is situated essary to give him a clear title so we about five miles from the head of the compromised by paying Cooper and South Fork of the Coeur d’Alene. A Peck $76,000. week later another emigrant party “The sale was made in May of found the negro dead, killed, prob¬ 1887 and it was put through by ably, by a gun. They buried his body Colonel ‘Jim’ Wardner. Harry Baer and went on. The next fall the Flat- and I, who were partners in our min¬ head was seen in possession of the ing operations, got $200,000 cash in negro’s horses and was then supposed one lump for our interests. Phil that he was responsible for the negro’s O’Rourke got over $200,000; Kellogg death. Those who buried the negro got $300,000; Con Sullivan got $75,- placed at the head of the grave a rude 000.” cross. When I was there a few days NIGGER PRAIRIE ago I found that someone had, with All pioneers of the Coeur d’Alenes more humor than propriety, placed a know the different versions of the hewn slab at the foot, which bore this stories told of how Nigger Prairie inscription: “Here lies a coon.’ ” came by that strange name. The The residents of Mullan, located prairie is in reality only a small cove upon the old “Nigger Prairie”, point in the valley of the South Fork at out the burial spot on one of the main Mullan. Long ago the pioneer name streets, where the Congregational by which it was dubbed passed out of Church now stands. general use. In the summer of 1884, THE WIDOW’S CLAIM E. S. Topping, a newspaper correspon¬ One claim, which was the subject of dent, in a letter to his paper, the litigation, was especially famous in the

Compliments of NORGE APPLIANCE SCOTTIE’S ZENITH RADIOS TIRE SHOP TURNER APPLIANCE New and Used Tires—Vulcanizing COMPANY Ray Scott Phone 285 518 Cedar Phone 405-J 315 W. McKinley Kellogg, Ida. Wallace, Idaho 76 early days, not alone for its richness, Irishman. He was the sort that had but because of the wit and humor made the United States among the which grew out of the trouble con¬ largest mineral producers of the world. cerning it. This was the Widow’s Hopeful, enthusiastic, and determined, Claim previously located by A. J. it is Irish blood that makes the true Prichard. It, along with other claims, and successful prospector. Tommy was jumped by the miners. The most Cruse and Marcus Daly are merely rep¬ persistent of the Widows who claimed resentative examples of the best suc¬ it was a Mrs. A. M. Eddington, a cesses in every mining district. woman about 45 years old. Mrs. “Phil O’Rourke—A fitting compan¬ Prichard says she was an imposter out ion and ‘pardner’ of Con Sullivan; and out, that she had no right what¬ hardy, industrious, and faithful. He ever to the mining claim, and that she had long been a prospector and was sought to secure an interest in it by thoroughly familiar with the conditions inducing Mr. Prichard to marry her. that are necessary to make even a ‘bo¬ This he refused to do. The real wi¬ nanza’ profitable. dow, the one for whom the claim was “Such was the outfit that Peck and taken, was Mrs. Mary H. Lane of Cooper grubstaked that discovered the Illinois, who came to the mines in Bunker Hill and Sullivan, and that be¬ 1884 and was an important witness gan the development of the Coeur d’ for Mr. Prichard in his various lav/ Alenes. suits. “To Kellogg’s Jack’s trick of losing THE OUTFIT himself when most needed, however, and to his alleged sagacity in know¬ “There were four personalities in ing a pay chute when he saw it, is that camp,” said Jim Wardner. “In due the discovery of the great mine; the order of their importance in the and in Dutch Jake’s famous resort in history of the discovery of one of the Spokane, where keno is run by elec¬ greatest of the world’s mines of its tricity, there is a lifelike oil painting class, they may be named: of the jack standing upon the apex of “Kellogg’s Jack—A diminutive but the Bunker Hill and gazing abstractly pure bred specimen of the Spanish across the canyon to the glimmering Jackass. He was mouse colored, his outcroppings of the Sullivan.” head was nearly as large as his body, his ears, when laid back in obstinacy, MADE A STAKE WITH A TENT reached his withers, and he was noted “When the excitement was at its all through the Coeur d’Alene Moun¬ height in the early spring of 1884,”' tains as the best pack animal, al¬ says M. M. Cowley, “a young man pas¬ though the most cunning and' tricky sed by where I lived, at the Spokane brute that was ever cinched. Bridge, with his blankets and a very “Mr. Kellogg—A quiet, intelligent limited supply of food. He was a talk¬ man, one of the best prospectors in the ative chap, and in the conversation mountains, one of the few men who about the mines, I asked him where stood you off from the familiarity of he came from. He replied ‘San Fran¬ a nickname, and probably the only cisco,’ where he had been working for man in Idaho who was honored with Murphy, Grant & Company, a large the prefixed title of ‘Mr’. I knew him firm in that city. ‘Have you any min¬ long, intimately, and favorably, yet I ing experience’, I asked him. He an¬ never addressed him by his given name swered, ‘No’. ‘Well’, said I, ‘You take nor as ‘Kellogg’, but invariably as ‘Mr. the advice of an experienced person. Kellogg’. Go back now if your job is open and “Con Sullivan—The typical young resume the dry goods business. You

Compliments of PENGUIN FOUNTAIN LUNCH ROXY THEATRE Ice Cream, Soft Drinks, Cigarettes, The Family Theatre Lunches Minnie and Curly Crosier N. M. Stubberfield Osburn Roxy Theatre Building Osburn 77 are too young for this opening.’ He was called. The dodgers read, “China¬ went on, and in the late fall he turned men or no Chinamen.” When the up again on his way back to San day came for the meeting there was Francisco, this time with a thousand not a building in Murray large enough dollars in dust, which he had made in to hold the crowd that assembled. The a very peculiar way. He had started meeting had to be called in the open a lodging house by driving pickets in air. A dry goods box was placed on the grouna in a circle With an open¬ one side of the main street for the ing for a door and got enough tentage speakers to stand on. W. H. Clagett on credit to cover it and charged 50c took the affirmative and Phil a night for allowing a person to spread O’Rourke the negative. There were his own blankets inside the enclosure. many other speakers for and against Of course he kept the place clean, kept the question. Finally the vote was a lock on the door, and all his patrons taken by those in favor of the China¬ were satisfied with accommodations.” men gathering on one side of the VOTE CHINAMEN OUT OF DISTRICT street, and those opposed on the other. In the fall of 1884 there was a The vote was a very close one and left stampede from Murray to Lost Creek, the question undecided. The best of a tributary of the North Fork of the feeling prevailed throughout the whole Coeur d’Alene River. After consider¬ proceeding and nothing was done able prospecting it was demonstrated further about the Chinamen at that time. that the creek would not pay white men’s wages—$4 to $5 per day—and The Bed Rock Flume. the creek was abandoned by all ex¬ The “Messiah” of the North side cept the discoverers. rode into Eagle in the person of Major The following spring they brought Hopkins. He promised to revolution¬ in half a dozen Chinamen to work the ize the decaying camp. The major diggings. It soon became known in bonded placer claims from the North Murray that the Chinamen had been side to Raven, put several hundred put to work, and a delegation went men to work clearing the right of way over and notified the Chinamen to from Eagle to Murray for a bed rock leave, which they did. flume and the Chinese question was The same year, 1885, it was pretty lost sight of. Everything flourished well demonstrated that the placers of until a delayed pay day came. The Prichard Creek would' not pay wages major quietly left, the people pocketed either so long as all of the work had their losses, and the Chinese exclusion to be done with pick and shovel. The law remained and still remains in claims were held by individuals in 20- force. acre tracts, with no means to open “Chinaman” Turns Out To Be Heller them and not enough gold to pay Another story is told of L. W. Gay white men when opened. Murray be¬ and Phil Lynch. A sort of vigilante came very quiet in a business way. committee had been formed to keep Store after store closed out, saloons law and order, especially in regard to suspended, all who could went to the the Chinese. Mr. Gay, who had a other camps. It looked as though the claim on Potosi Gulch, saw what he whole country would be abandoned. thought was a Chinaman and informed The question again came up of Lynch. Lynch tried to convince Gay; bringing in cheap labor (Chinamen) to but the two of them, bent on en¬ work the placers of Prichard Creek. It forcing camp law, went to call on the was discussed on the streets and In Chinaman, who proved to be Mrs. Elze the stores. Finally a miners’ meeting Heller, dressed in men’s clothes with

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Osbum, Idaho Wallace, Idaho 78 her long hair braided and hanging out here was just as strong as on the down her back. battle ground. The two tickets were There are some stories that a number those of the republican party and the of Chinese were killed in their at¬ sympathizers with the southern con¬ tempt to work the placers. But the federacy. Though nearly equally divid¬ stories are discredited and no actual ed, the republicans won. The mail history can be found of any such came to Pierce City and Orofino but event. once every two weeks, coming by way PIONEER DAYS SHOSHONE COUNTY of ocean steamers and river boats from San Frincisco to Lewiston and 90 Shoshone County was organized in miles by stage to Pierce. 1861, as a part of the territory of Washington. It was the first county First Officials of Coeur d’Alenes in the area which now forms the State D. M. Fraser was county recorder of Idaho. The territorial capital was at that time and it was necessary to at Olympia, and the first represent¬ name deputies for the newly organized atives of the county went there to districts of the Coeur d’Alenes. Mrs. the legislature. Pritchard was deputy for Evolution The territory of Idaho was organized district; Frank Points, later succeeded in 1863. The first county officers were by A. F. Parks, later of Grangeville, elected in June of that year, and the was for Eagle; and X. S. Burke, a well first territorial legislature met the fol¬ known mining engineer in the early lowing December in Lewiston. James days, was for Murray. It was as a A. Orry in the council and Stanford representative of Fraser, in 1884, that Capps in the house represented Sho¬ I. B. Cowen came to the Coeur d’Alenes shone County. Levi Ankeny, then a from Pierce. merchant in the old town of Orofino Joe Goya, later at the head of the and later United States senator from National Iron Works in Spokane, was the state of Washington, was elected deputy when Cowen was sheriff. By county treasurer. territorial law there was a tax of $5 per month on aliens engaged in min¬ Judge McBride There In ’64 ing, intended to be collected only The first term of the district court from Chinamen. It was a source of was held' in Pierce City in 1864, Judge enormous revenue to the county and Oliphant presiding. There was not was collected for five months during much business, everything being new, each year. and there were no titles to property. How Chinese Came Among the attorneys in attendance The admission of Chinese to the were Judge J. R. McBride, who up to camp came about in this way. Late the time of his death was so well in 1864, before many miners had gone known in the Coeur d’Alenes and all to warmer climates for the winter, a over the northwest; Silurius Garfield, miners’ meeting decided by vote not a relative of the late President; Attor¬ to admit Chinese. During the winter ney Holbrook; I. N. Smith; and Judge when few men were there, another George, later of Walla Walla. meeting was held and the vote was War Issues reversed. Ed Ryan and his wife con¬ The first election was held right in ducted a hotel in Pierce. During the the middle of war time. They were winter ihey went out to Walla Walla. exciting times, even in the mountains They returned to Pierce with two of Idaho, far removed from railroads Chinamen and a Chinese woman. and telegraph lines. War issues were Ostensibly they brought them to work the issues of that election. The feeling in the hotel. In a short time one of

Compliments of AVERY SHINGLE TROWBRIDGE DAIRY COMPANY BERT TROWBRIDGE, Prop. We Guarantee Our Shingles To Be Up To Grade Wallace, Idaho Kingston, Idaho 79 the Chinamen bought a claim for heavily and limp at Giuseppe’s feet. $1500. Then quite a gang came. They Giuseppe let out a volley of Latin paid good figures for placer ground, curses, brandished a dagger, and knelt and before long most of those who had down by his beloved Josephina. fought the admission of Chinese sold A big black-bearded fellow was now ground to them for good figures, and passing the hat. He touched Giusep¬ then they came in large numbers, pe's shoulder and held out the collec¬ there being at one time as many as tion of more than $75. But Giuseppe 1200 in camp. spurned it angrily, scattering coins NAPOLEON AND JOSEPHINE and bills in the dust. Finally, silently One beautiful evening in Murray and disconsolately, he picked up his just as court adjourned a portly Nea¬ harp, calling in a husky, choking politan, accompanied by a lumbering voice to Napoleon, and, gathering his black bear and a uniformed monkey, little grenadier to him, marched away came marching down Main Street to a in the dusk. point beneath a tall tamarack standing They had not had fresh meat in sentry over a crude attempt at a city Murray for several days. That night square. There Giuseppe halted. He they barbequed a bear. carried a great golden harp, from TIMING CURLY which he produced melodies of sunny Curly, a great brute of a dog, New¬ Italy. The miners crowded round and foundland predominant in his mix¬ at the close of each rendition, gave ture of breed, went everywhere, was vigorous applause. Then Giuseppe welcomed everywhere. Frequently on would clap his hands: “Getta da Sunday afternoons in summer in Eagle mon, Napoleon!” And the monk would City, tne miners would line Main St. go scampering here and' there taking Bets would be posted. A committee his toll and jingling his cup of nuggets would take the not unwilling Curly to and small change. Tune after tune the upper end of the street, where a brought the same applause and the tin can, noisy with pebbles, would be same, “Go getta da mon, Napoleon.” attached to his rag of a tail. Then a The bear danced while the monk re¬ sudden hush of expectancy, the crack turned with the spoils. of an official pistol, and Curly would “Josephina, oop, oop, shoosh! Climba streak it down that lane of miners, the da tree, Josephina, da tree, Josephina. lot of them cheering and shouting and Climba da tree, oop.” A chorus of firing pistols. At the lower end of shouts and cheers followed Josephine the street, where another line had been as she made her way some 30 feet up drawn, Curly’s time would be taken the tamaracK. It was evidently by a second committee with a stop Giuseppe’s intention to call her down watch and this officially reported. He immediately; but Curly and a pack of won who guessed closest to the exact camp dogs came yelping and baying to recording. A good many dollars the base of the tree. Nor could they changed hands on Curly’s race with be driven off. Josephina, at the com¬ his own shadow; and Curly, good mand of her master, slowly edged her trooper that he was, enjoyed it as way down, but a nip at her heels made much as they. her change her mind. Suddenly from the mountain slope near Pritchard FOR SALE Creek a shot rang out, followed by From Wardner News, April 9, 1887: two more in quick succession. Jose¬ Felix Brown, our enterprising liquor phina crumpled, clung twitching, then merchant, wishes to inform his friends crashed from bough to bough to land that a panic about a famine of pure

Compliments of Compliments of JAPENSE GARDNES Clarks Hotel ELDER'S Alice Clark VARIETY STORE

Phone 10-F-12 Enaville, Ida. Wallace, Idaho 80

Coon Hollow and Old Crow whiskies Education is a continuous activity, is all over. He received 50 barrels of which neither ends nor begins at the genuine Coon Hollow and 150 cases of school house door. pure Old Crow direct from Kentucky M. W. King. yesterday. These are the best brands in the market and the genial Felix Though we travel the world over does not care how much the public to find the beautiful, we must carry panic about a famine of pure Coon it with us or we find it not.—Emerson. crowd him now. Harry H. Kinsey

HIGH COST OF LIVING Civilization is made up of things I*. W. Gay probably paid the high¬ which we use to get something else. est price ever charged for the humble Culture is made up of values which onion in this country. At the summit we desire for their own sakes. Civil¬ of the Evolution trail a round silver ization is what we use. Culture is dollar was exchanged for three small what we are. onions. Wynn Kulm THE CARTER ADVERTISED I am prouder of my gift of laughter Travelers stopping at Wallace should than most anything else, as it seems to differentiate me from the cat and remember that a first class stable is the dog. connected with the Carter Hotel where your horses will have comfortable lodg¬ Helen Grifware Lambert ings, plenty to eat, and good care. No man ever stands so tall or so (From Wardner News, April 9, 1887) straight as when he stoops to lift up FAMOUS JACK a child. This thriving town of Kellogg, Edna Lees ’Bout sixty years ago, Who-ever you are, Was just a wide place in the road What-ever you do, With none to come and go. Where-ever you are. Then came a man with loaded Be “A” No. 1. pack; Fred R. Levering Noah Kellogg, so they say. Next early morn he cast about Happy the man, and happy he alone To find his hobbled mule; He who can call today his own; And though he hunted up and down. He who, secure within, can say He could not find the fool. Tomorrow do they worst for I have At last he spied him on a ridge lived today. And climbed up to him there; Be fair or foul or rain or shine, The mule in flight kicked up a rock. The joys 1 have possessed, in spite The story’s long, it would I fear, of fate, are mine, A ponderous volume fill; Not Heaven itself upon the past has Suffice to say the Jack Ass found power; The famous Bunker Hill. But what has been, has been, and I have had my hour.—Dryden. JINGLE Margaret Mallon When you talk about the CDA And all its wealth untold, The credit that is got by a lie only Don’t fail to mention Kellogg’s Jack, lasts until the truth is out.—E Picte- Who did that wealth unfold. tus. Concert Hall Jingle. Mrs. Harry Marsh

Compliments of CITY DYE WORKS Milne’s Super-Creamed Cleaning Pressings Tailoring Ice Cream Store Blocknit Specialists See Us For Really Fresh Ice Cream Open Evenings and Sundays Wallace Fone 308 Kellogg Samuels Hotel Bldg. Wallace 505 Bank St. 403 Main St. 81

XIII—FSH AND GAME fers by far the most promising avenue of escape from this civilization. In¬ Snuggled deep in the Bitterroot terest in wild life is apparently a com¬ Mountains, almost at the foot of Look¬ mon human heritage, and Americans out Pass, encircled thickly by the need only an opportunity to observe virgin forest, and protected on all sides study, and pursue wild life to awaken by the towering peaks—a perfect set¬ their individual interest. Although ting for all things in their beginning, wild life today is at a low ebb, it can for it seems very close to the Divine be brought back in abundance by in¬ Creator Himself—is an ethereal spot telligent management. with a name too realistic and mun¬ Idaho possesses more than her share dane, Pottsville. of streams, forests, and ranges, which Here is the site of the fish hatchery are necessary to the well-being of built and' operated by the Sportsmen wild life. No other state surpasses of Shoshone County, who envisioned Idaho in wilderness areas and in ir¬ and prophesied the need of a definite rigated lands, both highly productive program for the propagation of fish of wild life when properly managed. and for the restocking of lakes and Pew other states possess remnant wild streams of Shoshone County. life breeding stock in such numbers as Officers are present in Idaho. Over the nation M. J. Bottinelli . President as a whole, the wild life restoration William P. Bean . Vice-President movement came as a public protest Ellis L. Hale . Secretary against wastage of game resources af¬ Margery Burnett . Ass’t. Secretary ter, rather than before, these resour¬ Leo J. Hoban . Treasurer ces were largely gone. The movement in Idaho has come before the majority Directors of its wild life has been exterminated. M. J. Bottinelli . Kellogg District William P. Bean . Mullan District And Shoshone County works in the vanguard of this ever-increasing move¬ Charles E. Bunnell .... Burke District ment in conservation. Few states are Elis L. Hale . Wallace District in as favorable a position as Idaho to Walter C. Clark .... Director at Large reap immediate economic, recreational, Executive Board and aesthetic rewards from inaugura¬ M. J. Bottinelli . Kellogg District tion of a sound wild life management William P. Bean . Mullan District program. In this respect, too, Sho¬ Ellis L. Hale . Wallace District shone County is near the top. Chairmen of Committees A group of farsighted sportsmen or¬ Membership . M. J. Bottinelli ganized the Shoshone County Sports¬ Legislative . Chas. E. Horning men’s Association to prevent the ex¬ Pish . Wm. Vipperman tinction of fish and game in this coun¬ Big Game . John Ruebke ty and to revive and enlarge the wild Migratory and Up-Land Bird life resources so that game may be O. C. Neuman plentiful and every sportsman can take Parks and Education . Harry Burns his quota in proper season. To help Publicity . R. L. Brainard fulfil this purpose, a fish hatchery The growing national need for hob¬ was built at Pottsville. The land up¬ bies to absorb leisure hours and to on which it is located, is a tract of serve as an antidote for modern civil¬ 86.6 acres. It was purchased in 1937 ization is becoming apparent. To an for the sum of $1500. Construction increasing number of national leaders, of the hatchery was begun in May, the broad field of wild life interest of¬ 1938. Just as it was being completed.

PERCOLATOR CAFE

The Only Cafe in Shoshone County Listed This Year in the Illinois Auto Club

Our Coffee Is the Best and “Eats” Are Just As Good

519 Bank Street Wallace, Idaho 82

it burned to the ground. It was fully an attraction, not only to motorists insured and was completely rebuilt by of the county, but to tourists. It fur¬ December, 1938. On the premises nishes an incentive for them to stop there is a well-built, seven-room house in this section and prolong their visits. adjoining the hatchery. The whole This is an economic advantage to be represents an investment of more than reckoned in actual dollars and cents. $35,u00. 2. Being located near Shoshone The site of the hatchery was selec¬ County Park, it has recreational and ted after much investigation and con¬ education advantages, for it permits sideration. It has a capacity of pro¬ the great number of persons who visit ducing one million fingerlings annual¬ the Park to study and enjoy the pro¬ ly at an approximate cost of ?5,000. gram of fish culture being carried out. The operation of the hatchery thus far 3. There is plenty of acreage for has been an outstanding success. One future developments. of the contributions of first importance 4. If the plant is enlarged at some toward that success is the enthusiastic future time, it is well situated to serve support of the sportsmen of the coun¬ also the St. Joe River and other south¬ ty. Other factors, which have contrib¬ ern streams of the county. uted to that success, are these: 1. The water supply is ample the The Superintendent of the hatchery, year round. Mr. Donald C. Pryor, is recognized as one of the leading fish culturists in 2. There is no danger of stream pol¬ the federal Burau of Fisheries. He is lution now or in the future by munic¬ to be commended upon the very fine ipal or mineral development in the re¬ work he is doing. gion. The Sportsmen’s Association deserves 3. The temperature of the water is popular support Decause, less than 60 degrees Fahrenheit, which It is the only organization of its is best for producing sturdy Rainbow kind in Idaho to maintain a fish type of fish. hatchery for the benefit of the public. 4. Electrical energy, which is essen¬ The interest, activity, and enthus¬ tial, is available at nominal cost. iasm of the sportsmen of this district 5. It is situated along the route of are responsible to a large extent for the Northern Pacific railroad. the selection of the association’s pres¬ 6. It is located on a highway, open ident, M. J. Bottinelli, as a member of the year round without additional cost, the State Fish and Game Commission. only a short distance from U. S. High¬ As there are only five members on the way No. 10. This is essential for the commission, this is a distinct honor delivery of food to the fish and fish for Shoshone County. culturlst alike. The fish hatchery, maintained by 7. The United States Government the association, supplies one million has cooperated in furnishing a fish fish a year to the streams and lakes culturist. As the hatchery is easily of the county. accessible, there has been no difficulty The association maintains a definite in obtaining a fish culturist who would program in the interests of sportsmen reside there. with the following named projects ac¬ The fish hatchery is a distinct asset complished last year: to the county of Shoshone for these 1. Seventy-five elk purchased from reasons: the government and released in Sho¬ 1. Being located a short distance shone County. from U. S. Highway 10, it is becoming 2. Two hundred fifty Chinese pheas-

MUSICAL GARDENS PAUL’S PLACE Paul Clark Murray, Idaho The Most Beautiful, Modernistic Rendezvous in Shoshone County Mr. and Mrs. John F. Cameron KEISTER’S STORE Oshurn, Idaho Walter Keister Murray, Idaho 83 ants and fifty Chukker patridges reared “Reputation is what men and women and planted in northern Idaho. believe of us; character is what God 3. More than 100 pounds of wild' and the angels know of us.” rice and wild celery seed planted Charles Mayer around the lakes of northern Idaho. The association cooperates with the Man’s use of nature should consist state and federal governments for the of abridgments and short cuts, doing protection of beaver and other fur¬ away with waste, delays, and obstruc¬ bearing animals. tions and thus directing forces in new Through organization better results channels for the upward climb of man¬ can be accomplished for the sportsmen. kind. It is a unit in the nation-wide or¬ Anita S. Maynard ganization for the propagation, preser¬ There is no limit to what we can vation, and conservation of wild life achieve if we so order our lives that and other resources. we are independent in our thinking, The association, in cooperation with allowing no one to be our master, and the State Fish and Game commission are cooperative in our actions. and the Forest Service, embraces the Elmer B. Moe whole program of conservation, in¬ cluding reforestation, flood and fire The secret of success is constancy prevention. of purpose.—Disraeli. Eleanore McDonald

“Industry, economy, honesty, and What do we live for if not to make kindness form a quartette of virtues life less difficult for others? that will never be improved upon.” Mary Jane McKinnis Frank Griffin The light of honest, friendly smiles The road of life is a one way lane Brighten the way along life’s weary affair with no detours. It may be miles. rough, so take the bumps easy and Norman McLeod the curves slowly for there’s no turn¬ ing around and traveling back. It is in the skill with which we do Mrs. J. H. Lintecum a thing that we derive our pleasure in doing it. Any man may make a mistake, only C. T. McNealy a fool will stick to it.—Cicero. Helen Maloney A smile, to me, is tremendously im¬ portant. It is one thing I can give I have seen the country grow since to all people whenever I see them, 1915 and expect still greater changes and smiles beget smiles. to take place in it. Jean McNeil Alice Clark Life is like a bank account—What If any little word of mine you get out of it depends upon what May make a life the brighter, you have put into it. If any little song of mine George W. Nelson May make a heart the lighter, God help me speak the little word Honesty’s the best policy. And make my bit of singing. That we’ll allow; And drop in some lonely vale We’ve got to make a living, To set the echoes ringing. And we don’t care how. Edith Mayer Wm. E. Shaffer

GAY'S STORE Pritchard, Idaho

JOHNSON'S STORE Pritchard, Idaho 84

Out of the lowest depths there is a If scientific effort and research path to the loftiest heights.—Carlyle. could be confined to better living, Jane Sherman rather than devoted so largely to de¬ structive purposes, the world would ■Courage is an absolutely necesary become a near Utopia. ingredient to success. If you are going Wayne M. Ross to succeed, you must have the cour¬ A hero is no braver than the ordin¬ age to look a bigger job in the face, ary man, but is braver five minutes courage to go after it, courage to take longer. W. C. Rullman it, and courage to make good in it. Martha Simpson Prayers for the dead and flowers for the living. Thomas Ryan A well-laid plan, a sincere desire, and abundant energy, combined, make Most people are honest. Most trou¬ for success. Matt Sinnemaki bles arise from some one interfering in other people’s business. Time harbors everything. Dave Sellers Fred Smitfle And no one has the power lo tell just when the hands will stop A winner never quits, A quiter never wins, At late or early hour; So smile, friend, smile. Now is the only time you own, Rachel Swan Live, love, toil with a will— Place no faith in “TOMORROW,” for The worst sorrows in life are not The clock may then be still. in its losses and misfortunes, but its (Author Unknown) fears—A. C. Benson. Mrs. O. M. Nordquist Fae Scrafford If you would have a faithful servant Do not expect something for no¬ and one that you like, serve your¬ thing. Work for what you want. self.—Franklin. Verona Swontski George Waitman I think the very least we all owe Let us have faith that right makes in this world is gratitude for our lives; might; ana in that faith let us, to and I am sure, if we all lend a help¬ the end, dare to do our duty as we ing hand to one another, our own lives understand it.—Lincoln. Fern West and the lives of others will be much happier and fuller and' the world a The clock of life is wound but once, sunnier and brighter place in which He only fears men who does not to live. Vivien Budd White know them and he who avoids them When mortal man and woman drive will soon misjudge them.—Goethe. hatred, greed, and jealousy from Andrew Orazen their mind and replace them with love, generosity, and kindness toward A good' name, like good will is ob¬ all other living things, then, and then tained by many actions ana may be only, will the world become the haven, lost by one. James M. Pearce devoid of war, hunger, and misery, for What is good for the goose is good which we all hope and dream. for the gander. Margaret Peretti The pattern in the web of our life A smile and a few kind words may is daily spun, help others along a rougher path. Memories are the threads which thru Life is what we make it. the pattern run. Mrs. H. L. Peterson May Wilbert We should pass on to this younger If you have gathered friends along generation the knowledge that labor life’s way, you are blessed with pros¬ is honorable. The better a task is perity and riches. performed, the more honor. To be George Wilson trusted with any productive labor is to be honored. Mrs. E. A. Phelan It isn’t what you do, but why you do it. Bert P. Woolridge When you are aspiring to the high¬ est place, it is honorable to reach the No man has a good enough memory second or even the third rank.—Cicero to be a successful liar. John J. Ross A. C. Zachow