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Hajagos Anikó Témavezető Doktori (PhD) értekezés AZ ALANY ÉS A VIRÁGRITKÍTÁS HATÁSA CSERESZNYEFAJTÁK GYÜMÖLCSMINŐSÉGÉRE Hajagos Anikó Témavezető: Dr. Végvári György, CSc egyetemi tanár Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem Kertészettudományi Kar Talajtan és Vízgazdálkodás Tanszék Budapest 2015 A doktori iskola megnevezése: Kertészettudományi Doktori Iskola tudományága: Növénytermesztési és Kertészeti Tudományok vezetője: Dr. Tóth Magdolna egyetemi tanár, DSc Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem, Kertészettudományi Kar, Gyümölcstermő Növények Tanszék Témavezető: Dr. Végvári György egyetemi tanár, CSc Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem, Kertészettudományi Kar, Talajtan és Vízgazdálkodás Tanszék A jelölt a Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem Doktori Szabályzatában előírt valamennyi feltételnek eleget tett, az értekezés műhelyvitájában elhangzott észrevételeket és javaslatokat az értekezés átdolgozásakor figyelembe vette, azért az értekezés védési eljárásra bocsátható. .................................................. .................................................. Az iskolavezető jóváhagyása A témavezető jóváhagyása A Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem Élettudományi Területi Doktori Tanácsának 2015. október 13-i határozatában a nyilvános vita lefolytatására az alábbi bíráló Bizottságot jelölte ki: BÍRÁLÓ BIZOTTSÁG: Elnöke Porpáczy Aladár, DSc Tagjai Höhn Mária, CSc Horváthné Baracsi Éva, PhD Stefanovitsné Bányai Éva, DSc Kállay Tamásné, CSc Opponensek Kovácsné Békefi Zsuzsanna, PhD Gonda István, CSc Titkár Kotroczó Zsolt, PhD TARTALOMJEGYZÉK 1. BEVEZETÉS ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 2. IRODALMI ÁTTEKINTÉS ............................................................................................................................. 2 2.1. A CSERESZNYE RENDSZERTANA, NEVEZÉKTANA, ELTERJEDÉSE, BOTANIKÁJA, ALAKKÖREI ........................ 2 2.2. A CSERESZNYE GYÜMÖLCSÉNEK KÜLLEME ................................................................................................. 3 2.3. A CSERESZNYE GYÜMÖLCSKEMÉNYSÉGE .................................................................................................... 3 2.4. A CSERESZNYE TÁPLÁLKOZÁSBIOLÓGIAI ÉRTÉKEI ...................................................................................... 4 2.4.1. A cseresznye ízértéke ............................................................................................................................. 4 2.4.2. A cseresznye tápértéke ........................................................................................................................... 4 2.4.3. A cseresznye szénhidrátjai ..................................................................................................................... 6 2.4.4. A cseresznye savai ................................................................................................................................. 7 2.4.5. Antioxidánsok ........................................................................................................................................ 8 2.4.5.1. Fenolok ........................................................................................................................................................ 8 2.4.5.2. Fenolsavak ................................................................................................................................................... 9 2.4.5.3. Hidroxi-fahéjsavak ....................................................................................................................................... 9 2.4.5.4. Flavonoidok ............................................................................................................................................... 10 2.4.5.5. Antocianinok .............................................................................................................................................. 10 2.4.5.6. Antoxantinok .............................................................................................................................................. 11 2.4.6. A cseresznye jellemző antioxidánsai .................................................................................................... 12 2.5. A CSERESZNYE EGÉSZSÉGVÉDŐ ÉRTÉKEINEK TUDOMÁNYOS BIZONYÍTÉKAI ............................................. 13 2.5.1. A cseresznye alkalmazása in vivo humán gyógyászati kísérletekben ................................................... 14 2.6. AZ ALANY ÉS A VIRÁGRITKÍTÁS HATÁSA A CSERESZNYEGYÜMÖLCSÖK MINŐSÉGÉRE, EGÉSZSÉGVÉDŐ ÉRTÉKEIRE ............................................................................................................................................................... 16 2.6.1. Az alany hatása a gyümölcsminőségre ................................................................................................ 17 2.6.2. A virágritkítás hatása a gyümölcsminőségre ....................................................................................... 21 3. CÉLKITŰZÉSEK ............................................................................................................................................ 24 4. ANYAG ÉS MÓDSZER .................................................................................................................................. 25 4.1. A SZABADFÖLDI KÍSÉRLETEK HELYSZÍNE .................................................................................................. 25 4.2. TALAJ........................................................................................................................................................ 25 4.3. KLÍMA ....................................................................................................................................................... 25 4.4. IDŐJÁRÁS .................................................................................................................................................. 25 4.5. A KÍSÉRLETI ELRENDEZÉS ......................................................................................................................... 26 4.5.1. Q10 ültetvény (alanyhatás vizsgálatának helyszíne) ........................................................................... 26 4.5.2. Q26 ültetvény (virágritkítás hatásának vizsgálati helyszíne)............................................................... 27 4.6. A VIZSGÁLATOKBAN RÉSZTVEVŐ NEMESFAJTÁK JELLEMZÉSE .................................................................. 27 4.6.1. Q10 ültetvény ....................................................................................................................................... 27 4.6.1.1. ‘Kordia’ ...................................................................................................................................................... 27 4.6.1.2. ‘Regina’ ...................................................................................................................................................... 28 4.6.2. Q26 ültetvény ....................................................................................................................................... 29 4.6.2.1. ‘Bigarreau Burlat’ ...................................................................................................................................... 29 4.6.2.2. ‘Bigarreau Moreau’ .................................................................................................................................... 30 4.6.2.1. ‘Hybrid 222’ ............................................................................................................................................... 30 4.6.2.2. ‘Merton Premier’ ........................................................................................................................................ 31 4.7. A VIZSGÁLATOKBAN RÉSZTVEVŐ ALANYFAJTÁK JELLEMZÉSE .................................................................. 31 4.7.1. ‘GiSelA 5’ alany .................................................................................................................................. 31 4.7.2. ‘GiSelA 6’ alany .................................................................................................................................. 32 4.7.3. ‘PHL-C’ alany ..................................................................................................................................... 32 4.7.4. ‘PiKu 1’ alany ( Pi-Ku 4,20) ............................................................................................................... 32 4.7.5. ‘Weiroot 158’ alany ............................................................................................................................. 32 4.8. TERMESZTÉSTECHNOLÓGIAI BEAVATKOZÁSOK ........................................................................................ 33 4.8.1. Virágritkítás ......................................................................................................................................... 33 4.9. A MINTAVÉTEL MÓDJA .............................................................................................................................. 34 4.10. GYÜMÖLCSÖK FIZIKAI TULAJDONSÁGAINAK MEGHATÁROZÁSA ............................................................... 34 4.10.1. Gyümölcsméretek és gyümölcstérfogat ........................................................................................... 34 4.10.2. Gyümölcs- és csontártömeg, hasznos gyümölcs arány ..................................................................
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