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Prunus (Slivoň) Synonyma: Amygdalus, Armeniaca, Cerasus, Laurocerasus, Maddenia, Padellus, Padus, Persica, Pygeum

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Prunus (Slivoň) Synonyma: Amygdalus, Armeniaca, Cerasus, Laurocerasus, Maddenia, Padellus, Padus, Persica, Pygeum Prunus (Slivoň) synonyma: Amygdalus, Armeniaca, Cerasus, Laurocerasus, Maddenia, Padellus, Padus, Persica, Pygeum čeleď: Rosaceae Tento rod zahrnuje velké množství ovocných stromů, které laikové chápou jako zcela odlišné stromy. Ve skutečnosti jsou to pouze různé vyšlechtěné druhy. Jedná se o opadavé rostliny, vzácně stálezelené. Rostou v podobě keřů nebo stromů, mohou být rnité. Listy jsou střídavé, jednoduché, obvykle na okraji pilovité. Kvete oboupohlavnými samostatnými květy nebo ve svazečcích či hroznech. Bývají bílé, narůžovělé nebo až červené. Kališních i okvětních lístků je 5. Plodem je obvykle 1semenná dužnatá peckovice. Existují vnitrodruhové taxony: - 'Accolade' - výška 6m, kvete již v polovině ledna - 'Cheal's Weeping' - převislé větve; květy plnokvěté, růžové - 'Kursar' - kříženec P. kurilensis a P. sargentii ; stromovitý silný habitus; listy eliptické až obvejčitě eliptické, zašpičatělé, dlouhé 9 - 12cm, báze kulatá až široce klínovitá, okraj ostře 2x pilovitý, obě strany krátce ochlupené, spodní více; řapíky dlouhé 2 - 2,5cm; kvete po 3 - 4ks růžovými jednoduchými květy - 'Mount Fuji' - rozložitá koruna; větve obloukovité; květy velké, vonné, jednoduché až poloplné, bílé - 'Pink Shell' - větve štíhlé, rozkladité, převislé; květy růžové, pohárkovité - 'Shogetsu' - kulovitá koruna; listy na podzim červené; poupata růžová, květy velké, plnokvěté - 'Snofozam' - kompaktní kaskádovitý habitus; výška 1,8 - 3,6m; listy tmavězelené, na podzim žluté až oranžové; květy jednoduché, bílé - 'Snow Fountain' - převislý habitus; květy malé, jednoduché, bílé; plody malé, načernalé, jedlé Prunus accumulans synonyma: P. myrtifolia var. accumulans Prunus adenopoda synonyma: P. macrophylla var. adenopoda, P. pseudoadenopoda Prunus africana synonyma: Laurocerasus africana, Pygeum africanum, Pygeum crassifolium oblasti: Afrika, Bioko, Demokratická Republika Kongo (Zair), Kamerun, Komorské ostrovy, Madagaskar, Svatý Tomáš a Princův ostrov, Tropická Afrika, Uganda, V Afrika Pochází z Afriky. Roste v podobě stálezeleného stromu, vzácně keře. Dorůstá výšky 5 - 26m. Borka je šedočerná až černohnědá, vrásčitá a drsná. Listy vyrůstají ve spirále, mívají červený řapík a centrální žebro, tvar eliptický nebo obvejčitý, délku 4 - 16cm, šířku 1,5 - 7cm, bázi klínovitou nebo zaoblenou, konec tupý nebo krátce zašpičatělý, okraj vroubkovaně pilovitý nebo pilovitý, povrch holý a řapík je dlouhý 1 - 2cm. Kvete bílými nebo béžovými květy v hroznech o délce 3 - 8cm. Okvětní lístky jsou dlouhé 2mm a má 10 - 20 tyčinek. Plody jsou červené až růžovofialovočerné, eliptické, ve velikosti 0,8 - 1,2cm. Prunus alabamensis (Střemcha alabamská) synonyma: Padus alabamensis, Padus australis, Padus cuthbertii, P. serotina subsp. hirsuta, P. serotina var. alabamensis oblasti: Alabama, Florida, Georgia, J USA, Jižní Karolína, JV USA, Mississippi, Severní Amerika, Severní Karolína, Střední Severní Amerika, USA, V USA Pochází z Alabamy. Roste v podobě stromu. Koruna je rozložitě vejčitá. Dorůstá výšky 10m. Mladé větve jsou plstnaté a nejspodnější jsou vodorovné až mírně převislé. Listy jsou vejčité, dlouhé 6 - 12cm, na konci špičaté (i mírně tupé), okraj je přitiskle pilovitý, báze kulatá nebo zúžená, spodní strana jemně ochlupená a řapíky jsou dlouhé 6 - 12cm. Kvete v ochlupený 8 - 15cm dlouhých hroznech z bílých květů o šířce 8mm. Plod je kulovitý, téměř černý, velký 8mm a je seskupený do řidkého hroznu. Prunus alaica synonyma: Cerasus alaica, Microcerasus prostrata f. alaica Prunus alleghaniensis (Švestkovišeň alleghanská) oblasti: Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Severní Amerika, Severní Karolína, Střední Severní Amerika, SV USA, Tennessee, USA, V USA, Virginie, Západní Virginie Roste na východním pobřeží USA v podobě nepravidelně řídce polokulovitého keře. Větve jsou šikmo vystoupavé, habitus je nepravidelný. Dorůstá výšky 3 (i 5)m. Mladé větve mohou být ochlupené, později červenohnědé. Listy jsou dlouze vejčité až obvejčité, dlouhé 6 - 10cm, konec je špičatý, okraj jemně ostře pilovitý, báze kulatá, v mládí ochlupená, řapíky jsou ochlupené, dlouhé 0,7 - 1,2cm. Kvete ve skupinách 2 - 4ks, květy jsou bílé, později růžové, široké 1 - 2cm, kalich bývá ochlupený, kališní lístky dlouze vejčité, z vnitřní strany ochlupené, okvětní lístky jsou okrouhle obvejčité. Plody jsou kulovité, tmavěčervené, ojíněné a široké 1cm. Prunus americana (Švestkovišeň americká) synonyma: P. acinaria, P. coccinea oblasti: Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa , J Kanada, J USA, Jižní Dakota, Jižní Karolína, JV USA, JZ USA, Kanada, Kansas, Kentucky, Kolorado, Louisiana, Maine, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Pennsylvania, Quebec, Rhode Island, S Severní Amerika, S USA, Saskatchewan, Severní Amerika, Severní Dakota, Severní Karolína, Střední Kanada, Střední Severní Amerika, Střední USA, SV USA , SZ USA, Tennessee, USA, Utah, V Kanada, V USA, Vermont, Virginie, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Z USA, Západní Virginie Pochází ze Severní Ameriky. Roste v podobě široce polokulovitého keře nebo i stromku. Koruna je široce vejčitá. Dorůstá výšky 5m. Větve jsou v dolní části téměř vodorovné až mírně převislé. Kůra je tlustá. Větve bývají trnité, v mládí ochlupené, bledězelené, později hnědé. Palisty jsou čárkovité. Listy jsou vejčité nebo obvejčité, dlouhé 6 - 10cm, špičaté, ostře 1 - 2x pilovité, báze je kulatá, horní strana tmavězelená, spodní bledší, mírně ochlupená. Kvete po 2 - 5ti bílými květy o velikosti 2 - 3cm v okolících, kalich je na vnější straně holý, konce špičaté, okraj celokrajný a mají stopky délky 1,5cm. Plody jsou téměř kulovité, široké 2 - 3cm, barva je fialovočervená (i žlutá). Existují vnitrodruhové taxony: - 'Grenville' - plody jsou velké, červené, žlutě kropenaté - 'South Dakota' - plody jsou žluté, odolné na chlad Prunus amplifolia oblasti: Jižní Amerika, Peru, SZ Jižní Amerika Pochází z Peru. Na větvích se vyskytuje větší množství lenticel. Listy jsou kožovité, široce eliptické, mírně jednostranné, dlouhé 15 - 20cm, široké 8 - 11cm, na konci tupě špičaté, téměř bez lesku, na spodní straně je výrazná žilnatina, žlázy jsou bazální, řapíky jsou široké 2 - 3mm a dlouhé 5 - 7mm. Kvete v 4 - 5cm hroznech s 1mm tlustým vřetenem, stopky jsou štíhlé, dlouhé 2 - 2,5mm, okvětní lístky jsou téměř zaokrouhlené, dlouhé 1,5mm a na okraji zvlněné. Prunus amygdaliformis (Slivoň vykrajovaná) Prunus amygdaloides Prunus andersonii (Slivoň Andersonova) synonyma: Amygdalus andersonii, Emplectocladus andersonii oblasti: JZ USA, Kalifornie, Nevada, Severní Amerika, Sierra Nevada (USA), Střední Severní Amerika, USA, Z USA Pochází ze Sierry Nevady. Roste v podobě keře. Dorůstá výšky 1 - 3m. Mladé kmínky jsou červenohnědé, bíle ojíněné. Listy vyrůstají ve svazečcích na krátkých postranních větvích nebo střídavě, řapíky jsou dlouhé 1 - 4mm, jsou mírně křídlaté, čepel je dlouhá 1,5 - 2,7cm, široká 3 - 7mm, báze je úzce klínovitá, na konci špičatá, občas zahrocená, mělce pilovitá. Kvete po 1 - 5ti v okoličnatých svazečcích, stopky jsou dlouhé 0,3 - 1cm, češule je hluboká 2 - 4mm, kališní lístky kopinaté, dlouhé 1,4 - 3mm, zelené, okvětní lístky obkopinaté, dlouhé 4 - 9mm, růžové, má 30 tyčinek. Plod je zploštělý, hnědě ochlupený, dlouhý 1,1 - 1,3cm, široký 0,7 - 1,1cm. Prunus angustifolia (Švestkovišeň úzkolistá) synonyma: P. angustifolia subsp. varians, P. chicasa, P. stenophylla oblasti: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, J USA, Jižní Karolína, JV USA, JZ USA, Kalifornie, Kansas, Kentucky, Kolorado, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, Nové Mexiko, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Severní Amerika, Severní Karolína, Střední Severní Amerika, Střední USA, SV USA, Tennessee, Texas, USA, V USA, Virginie, Západní Virginie Pochází z jihu USA. Roste v podobě nepravidelně řídce polokulovitého keře. Koruna je nepravidelná. Dorůstá výšky 2,5 - 4m. Větve jsou šikmo vystoupavé, různě zohýbané, holé, načervenalé. Listy jsou kopinaté, dlouhé 2 - 5cm, špičaté, na horní straně holé, lesklé, spodní strana je bledší, okraj jsou člunkovitě zvednuté, pilovité, řapíky mohou mít žlázy. Kvete po 2 - 4ks bílými květy o šířce 9mm na 3 - 6mm stopce. Kališní lístky jsou vejčité, holé. Plody jsou červené až žluté se žlutými tečkami, mírně ojíněné, velké 1 - 2cm. Existují vnitrodruhové taxony: - var. varians - Oklahoma, Texas; robustnější; stopky tlusté, pecka špičatější - var. watsonii/P. watsonii - Kansas až Nové Mexiko; výška 1 - 2m; větve více zohýbané a více trnité; listy délky do 4,5cm, oválné nebo dlouze oválné, méně pilovité; květy drobnější; plody mají tlustší slupku Prunus annularis Prunus ansu (Meruňka korejská) oblasti: Asie, Korea, V Asie Prunus apetala (Slivoň bezkorunná) synonyma: Cerasus apetala, P. ceraseidos, P. crassipes oblasti: Asie, Japonsko, V Asie Pochází z Japonska. Roste obvykle jako široce polokulovitý keř (zřídka strom). Dorůstá výšky 3 - 7m. Větve jsou v dolní části téměř vodorovné až mírně převislé. Mladé větve jsou ochlupené. Listy jsou široce obvejčité až obvejčitěeliptické, dlouhé 3 - 9cm, na konci ocasovité, okraj je hluboce nepravidelně 2x pilovitý, obě strany jsou hustě ochlupené, řapíky jsou také ochlupené, dlouhé 6mm. Kvete po 1 - 3ks, jsou bílé, široké 1,4cm, mají až 1,6cm stopky, kalich trubkovitý délky do 1cm, barvy světlehnědé, kališní lístky jsou dlouhé do 4mm. Plody jsou téměř kulovité, skoro černé, o
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