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Home , Chinese Civil War, Domino theory, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Ho Chi Minh, Operation Smiling Buddha, Warsaw Pact

IN THE BEGINNING… CONFERENCE

USA v. USSR DEMOCRACY FREE ENTERPRISE PRESIDENT TRUMAN & EASTERN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SATELLITE NATIONS/

COLD (1948-1989) MAJOR EVENTS N.A.T.O. v. Pact & DIVISION CONTINUING CONFLICT Alliances

Korean Conflict FRENCH /US ROLE Communist North v. Democratic South INFLUENCE OF CONTAINMENT REUNIFICATION TODAY Vietnam Conflict Communist North v. Democratic South SOVIET ECONOMIC COLLAPSE (COMM=FAIL) TEARING DOWN THE

Berlin & the USSR IN COUNTRIES

The symbolic focal point of the Cold War PEOPLE TO KNOW FOR THE COLD WAR

Cuban Missile Crisis Nuclear missiles aimed at USA… 90 miles away VS. Nukes & Deterrence American policy to deter a catastrophic event PRESIDENT CHIANG MAO HO INDIRA MARGARET MIKHAIL DENG TRUMAN KAI-SHEK GANDHI THATCHER GORBACHEV ZEDONG CHI MINH XIAOPING IN THE BEGINNING… Use the following formula to trace how our relationship with the USSR went from BFF to WFF

THE . Meeting at the end of WWII . USSR gets . /Berlin divided . USSR never gives it back

THE . Europe destroyed by WWII . $$$$$$$$$$$$$ to rebuild! . US Sec. of State Marshall… . Soviet Satellites refused… THE IRON CURTAIN . Europe divided after WWII. West=Democracy/Capitalist

. Ideological Division . East=Dictatorship/Commun.

THE /CONTAINMENT . Formerly . GOAL: Keep Communism . Pearl Harbor changed USA within its current borders

THE . If one nation falls to . Therefore, the USA will Communism… the next will. CONTAIN it!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Cold War (n)- (1945-1991) was a continuing state of political and military tension between the powers of the , led by the and its NATO allies, and the communist world, led by the , its satellite states and allies. INSERT THE CAPTION

YALTA

______

CAPTION ______MARSHALL PLAN

CONTAINMENT

DOMINO DOMINO THEORY ______

______IRON CURTAIN IRON ______

COMPARING

MAP:

WASHINGTON () ENCE D.C. Москва

R

CAPITAL:

3.79 M Sq. Miles 8.7 M Sq. Miles 250 M People 290 M People

DEMO: 50 States 15 Republics

DETER

LEADER: PRESIDENT PREMIER

ELECTED BY PEOPLE APPOINTED BY

______

______FREE ENTERPRISE COMMUNIST ______Supply and demand Government control the determine Investment, etc. ______ECONOMY:

Using the generic definition of the Cold War below (and your textbook pp.472-499), describe how the following events fit into the Cold War Puzzle.

Cold War (n)- (1945-1991) was a continuing state of political and military tension between the powers of the Western world, led by the United States and its NATO allies, and the communist world, led by the Soviet Union, its satellite states and allies.

The Iron Curtain fits into the Cold War because… The Berlin Airlift fits into the Cold War because…

p. 477 p. 478

NATO & the Warsaw Pact fit into the Cold War p. 478 because… p. 479

The

War War because… The War because… The

p. p. p.

Chinese Civil War

The Non-Aligned Movement 488 486 482 fits into the Cold War because… War Cold the into fits

Vietnam Conflict fits into the Cold War because…

War War because…

p. 491

fits into the Cold

fits into the Cold

fits into the Col Truman Doctrine Doctrine Truman

The The The fits into the Cold War because…

d

p. 492 . . KOREAN CONFLICT MAJOR . BERLIN WALL . CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS . CONFLICTS . DÉTENTE . AND OUTCOMES . COLLAPSE OF THE USSR (1945-1991)

TWO CHINAS TODAY AFTER WWII . IS DIVIDED: . AT THE 38th PARALLEL o NORTH: USSR SUPPORTED 2 o SOUTH: USA SUPPORTED FALL OF THE . DYNASTIES RULED CHINA JUNE 1949 FOR 4000 YEARS 1 NORTH INVADES SOUTH 3 . LAST ONE (QING) People’s Republic of China OVERTHROWN IN 1911 SEPTEMBER 1950 . LED TO YEARS OF RULE 2 BY WARLORDS . UN PUSHES BACK . LED BY MacArthur 1 . EVENTUALLY RULED BY NATIONALIST . PUSHES N. KOREA BACK INTO CHINA

CHIANG KAI-SHEK

CHINESE CIVIL WAR KOREAN CONFLICT

1927 1950 1953 1950 NATIONALISTS COMMUNISTS OCTOBER 1950 CHIANG .  LED BY . LED BY . CHINA SENDS KAI -SHEK . CONTROLLED . CONTROLLED MAO 3 300,000 TROOPS SOUTH NORTH ZEDONG SUPPORTED VS. SUPPORTED . PUSHES UN TROOPS . . BY USA BY USSR BACK TO ORIGINAL

BORDERS th . 38 PARALLEL WINNER: . CEASEFIRE COMMUNISTS OUTCOMES . NATIONALISTS FLEE TO TAIWAN . 6 MILLION DEAD . MAINLAND IS CONTROLLED BY . NO COMMUNISTS SINCE 1950 . CONTINUED CONFLICT TO THIS DAY . DMZ=Demilitarized Zone

EST.

MILES90 8/13/1961

. BUILT OVERNIGHT IN 1961 o BY THE COMMUNISTS . DIVIDED East &

BERLIN WALL CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS

1961

1962 1962 1989 . LARGE TOWERS/CONCRETE BECOMES COMMUNIST IN 1959 . ACCORDING TO THE COMMUNISTS: . OCTOBER 14, 1962: PHOTO TAKEN o BUILT TO PROTECT FROM FASCISTS . ACCORDING TO REALITY: . JFK WARNS THIS IS UNACCEPTABLE o BUILT TO STOP ALL OF THE EAST . CHOICES: BERLINERS FROM EMIGRATING (or o NAVAL BLOCKADE FLEEING TO WEST BERLIN) o ATTACK THE MISSILES o BUILT TO STOP THE “BRAIN DRAIN” . DEAL BROKERED ULTIMATE SYMBOL OF o USSR removes their missiles o USA removes our missiles () THE COLD WAR CLOSEST THE WORLD CAME TO NUCLEAR WAR

EAST BERLIN

NO MAN’s LAND

WEST BERLIN President Kennedy and his advisors debating how to handle the Cuban Missile Crisis VIETNAM WAS A FRENCH o Since the 1800s RELAXATION CONQUERED BY IN WWII o Japan loses WWII NIXON

FRENCH RETURN TO THEIR COLONY BREZHNEV o Vietnam Declares Independence FR v. VIETNAM NIXON MAO o Vietnam wins with aid of CHINA

PEACE CONFERENCE DIVIDES VIET th o At the 17 PARALLEL

HO CHI MINH FIGHTS FOR UNIFICATION o Starts in S. Vietnam FORD o Helps Vietcong VC=Victor Charlie

US SHIPS “ATTACKED” in GULF BREZHNEV o America gets involved (500k) o Two problems for America…

VIETNAM WAR DETENTE

1975 1971 1971 1955 DÉTENTE=RELAXATION OF TENSIONS

o World almost ended several times… o Both USA & USSR agreed to back off

MARKED BY GUERILLA ANTI-WAR o USSR to grant free elections in Europe WARFARE MOVEMENT o Installation of a direct line to Moscow Irregular War Unpopular at o Ended with USSR invasion of Afghan. in an Home . US boycotted 1980 Moscow Olympics unfamiliar land

"You can kill ten of our men for every one we kill of yours. HO But even at those odds, you will CHI - lose and we will win." MINH

1922-1991 DEC. 25, 1991

“Mr. Gorbachev, T ear down

-US President this wall!” June 1987 SOVIET COMMUNIST ECONOMY WAS STAGNANT o instituted two new policies: NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES BEGAN OPENING THEIR BORDERS . (Restructuring) o East Germans began to flee into , Austria, Czec Transition from Communism to o Led to in to bring end Some small-scale allowed o East Berliners began gathering at the Wall’s Checkpoints . (Openness) . “Wir wollen raus!" (We Want Out!)

Freedoms of Press, Speech, Assembly

FALL of the BERLIN WALL COLLAPSE of the USSR

1989 1991 1991 1989 SOVIET ALLIES HAD BEEN OUSTED IN E. EUROPE “This is a historic day. East Germany has announced that, starting immediately, its borders are open to everyone. E. o Led to Gorbachev instituting reforms Open Churches that were closed for decades Germany is opening its borders ... the gates in the Berlin . Wall stand open…” . Freed political prisoners -West German News Broadcast, Nov. 9, 1989 . Published Banned books o People outnumbered the guards o These actions upset the Communist Party o 10:45 E. German Guards allowed free access… . Attempted a Coup to overthrow Gorbachev o Celebrations ensued . Failed; Stopped by Mass Protests

COLD WAR=OVER , 1989 o Leader of protests elected President . o USSR lost HALF of its population o Economic Calamity . Standard of Living fell . Worse than G. Depr "Irgendwann fällt jede Mauer"="Eventually every wall falls"

MEETThe following world leaders THE shaped the Cold WarCOLD during the end of the Cold War era (1945-1991). Their policies guided the world’s most powerful nations into their current state today in the 21st Century.

INDIRA MIKHAIL MARGARET DENG GANDHI GORBACHEV THATCHER XIAOPING (1966 -1977; 1980-1984) (1985-1991) (1979-1990) (1978-1992) . BORN IN 1917 . BORN IN 1931 . BORN IN 1925 . BORN IN 1904

. 3rd Prime Minister of . 8th and Final Premier of USSR . 71st Prime Minister of Britain . 3rd of China

st MAJOR POLICIES MAJOR POLICIES MAJOR POLICIES MAJOR POLICIES . 1 Female leader of the . Represented Younger . “Iron Lady” . of Chinese Civil War World‟s largest Democracy Generation of Russians . Strict opponent of Communism . Reformed after st . Father was the 1 Prime Min. . Worked with President Reagan . Conservative . Changed from/to: . Leaned on USSR for support . PERESTROIKA (Reconstruction) . Economic Restructuring o Communist Economy . o Change to Democracy, o Less Regulation o Free Market Economy o 1967: Successful Nuclear test Socialism, Initiative, Creativity o Less Government . Opened China to foreign . Ruled under „State of . GLASNOST (Openness) o Pro-Free Market/Laissez Faire investment Emergen.‟ o Freedom of Speech, Press . Close ties to the United States . Raised of living of o Absolute rule from 75-77 o Public Criticism of Gov‟t . Tripled UK‟s Nuclear Forces hundreds of millions of Chinese . Increased Grain Production . Oversaw Collapse of USSR . Led war in the Falklands . Communist Party remains in

. Assassinated in 1984 o Independence of former states . 2nd Longest reigning PM ever! control . 1990= Nobel Peace Prize . Resigned after Tiananmen Sq.

EARTH AFTER THE COLD WAR The COLD WAR dominated most of the planet for nearly 50 years. So, with the fall of the Berlin Wall and the of the Soviet Union, what political blueprint would come to dominate the 21st Century?

“We are witnessing most profound social change. Whether in the East or the South, the West or the North, hundreds of millions of people, new nations and states, new public movements and ideologies have moved to the forefront of history. The idea of democratizing the entire world order has become a powerful socio-political force. At the same time, the scientific and technological revolution has turned many economic, food, energy, environmental, information and population problems, which only recently we

treated as national or regional ones, into global problems… For a new type of throughout the world to become a reality, everyone must change.

Tolerance is the alpha and omega of a new world order.

EUROPEAN UNION WTO Internet & Web 2.0 Population

Large gro up of European states Group that organizes trade agreements Growth that share a common currency, between nations. law code, etc.

NAFTA IMF Trade agreement that opens up trade Multi-National Goal: Stabilize exchange rates and provide Technology Climate Change between the North American nations. loans for its 188 members. Corporations

st What role have YOU played in the 21 Century?

PEOPLE TO KNOW: Your next test will be on the Cold War. This will be your next major grade of the year. Use this sheet as a guide to help you study. The information on this sheet will be on the test. However, not everything that is on the test is on this sheet. Therefore, look back over the information in your notebook. TRUMAN CHIANG HO THATCHER GORBACHEV MARSHALL MAO GANDHI DENG REAGAN BACKGROUND MAJOR COLD WAR EVENTS COLD WAR YALTA CONF. TERMINOLOGY 38th Parallel SATELLITE NATION North vs. South Y DEM. v. DICTA. UN involvement BERLIN WALL v. SPUTNIK BERLIN WALL FALL of USSR Divides Berlin Perestroika ½ Free/ ½ Communist CONTAINMENT Glasnost NUCLEAR- November 9, 1989 IRON CURTAIN Gorbachev PROLIFERATION NATO v. WARSAW CHINESE CIVIL WAR Civil War: Communist v. Nationalist DÉTENTE Communist Victory DETERRENCE Mao Zedong GLASNOST MARSHALL PLAN PERESTROIKA CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS M.A.D. Soviet Missiles discovered 90 miles away VIETNAM WAR th Naval blockade North vs. South 38 PARALLEL DOMINO THEORY “Brinksmanship” Fr. & USA Containment