DOCSLIB.ORG

People's Committee of Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh Sub-Proiect Manaqement Unit of VUUP Public Disclosure Authorized RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN, PHASE 1 Final Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
People's Committee of Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh Sub-Proiect Manaqement Unit of VUUP Public Disclosure Authorized RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN, PHASE 1 Final Report RP1 89 Volume 6 People's Committee of Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh Sub-Proiect Manaqement Unit of VUUP Public Disclosure Authorized RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN, PHASE 1 Final Report Public Disclosure Authorized F' b A 'I t> :: i a . o W an L V Ho Chi Min Su Projec D 2003 Public Disclosure Authorized Vietnam Urban Upgrading Project Ho Chi Minh Sub Project Public Disclosure Authorized Preparedby Martin Associates P/L (Australia) in association with Duongthtanh Water and Environmnent Ltd (Vietnam) December 2003 FILECOP Vietnam Urban Upgrading Project Ho Chi Minh City Sub-Project Management Unit of VUUP --- oOo- RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN - PHASE 1 FINAL REPORT Client: Project Management Unit of Urban Upgrading Project in Ho Chi Minh City aGI^M Be N f NO:ANG NELN Consutant: Martin Associates P/L J 0 A e Douglas Martin Social Planning & Environmental Consultant Ho Chi Minh City 12-2003 People's Committee of Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh Sub-Proiect Manaqement Unit of VUUP No 011A/KH01-NCDT RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN, PHASE 1 Final Report Vietnam Urban Upgrading Project Ho Chi Minh City Sub Project Preparedby Marti,i Associates P/L (Australia) in association with Duongthanh Water and Ensvironment Ltd (Vietnanm) December 2003 Vietnam Urban Upgrading Project Resettlement Action Plan Ho Chi Minh City TABLE OF CONTENTS I INTRODUCTION .................................... 8 1.1 Scope of RAP .................................... 8 1.2 Background .................................... 8 1.3 Overall Project Description ................................... 10 1.4 Social Impacts and the Scale of Resettlement ................................... 13 1.5 Alternative Options Considered .............................. 16 1.6 Structure of the Document .............................. 16 2 POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK .............................. 17 2.1 Agreed Policy Framework .............................. 17 2.2 Project Affected People (PAP's) .. ............................ 17 2.3 Principles and Objectives .. ............................. 17 2.4 Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs) .............................. 18 2.5 Legal framework ............................... 19 2.5.2.2. Eligibility Criteria and Compensation: .. 22 2.5.2.3. Valuation of and Compensation for Losses: . .22 2.5.4.1. Eligibility to Compensation - Decree 22/CP . .23 2.5.4.2. Price of Land for Calculation of Com,pensation . .23 2.5.4.3. Assistance Policy for PAPs who Rent Houses from the Government - Decree 22/CP 24 2.6 Entitlement Policy .. 24 2.6.3.1. Land Tenure Status ...... .,,, 27 2.6.3.2. Status of Houses and structures .. 27 2.6.3.3. Business .. 27 2.6.3.4. Economic Rehabilitation and Assistance .. 28 2.6.5. Entitlements .. 28 2.6.5.1. Affected Land .. 28 26.5.2. Affected Houses and Structures .. 29 2.6.5.3. PAPs Renting Government Houses and Structures ........................................ 29 2.6.5.4. Business Losses / Loss of Jobs and severely affected on productive land .. 30 2.6.5.5. Affected Utilities .. 30 2.6.5.6. Transition Assistance / Livelihood Allowance . .30 2.6.5.7. Payment in Installments for PAPs Taking Land or Apartment . .30 2.6.5.8. Bonus ......... 30 2.6.6. Entitlement Matrix .............................................. 30 3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION .............................................. 32 3.1. Project Investment Selection Criteria .............................................. 32 3.2. Phase 1 Description ............................................. 32 3.2.1. Component 1 (Tertiary infrastructure) ............................................. 33 3.2.2. Component 2 (Trunk Infrastructure) ............................................. 33 3.2.3. Component 3 Development of Resettlement Site for Phase 2 ........................ 34 3.2.4. Component 4 (Land and Housing Management) .......................................... ,.34 3.2.5. Component 5 (Micro-finance for Housing improvement) .............................. 34 3.2.6. Component 6 TA and institutional strengthen, capacity building to PMU .... 34 4 TECHNICAL AND LOCATION OPTIONS ................................................. 38 4.1. Component 1....................................................... 38 Prepared by Martin Associates P/L (Australia) in association with Duong Thanh Water and Environment Ltd (Vietnam) Page 1 Vietnam Urban Upgrading Project Resettlement Action Plan Ho Chi Minh City 4.2. Components 2 Trunk Infrastructure ......................................................... 38 4.3. For Component 3 Resettlement Site ........................................................ 38 5 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS IN TAN HOA - LO GOM BASIN.. 40 5.1. Population ......................................................... 40 5.2. Land Use and Development Characteristics ................................................... 40 5.3. Socio - Economic Survey ......................................................... 45 5.3.1. Servey Description ......................................................... 45 5.3.2. Servey Methodlogy ........................................................ 46 5.3.3. Servey Results ......................................................... 46 6 PROJECT IMPACTS AND RESETTLEMENT REQUIRED .................... 53 6.1. For component 1 (Tertiary infrastructure) ...................................................... 53 6.2. For Component 3 (Secondary and Tertiary Drainage) .................................... 54 6.3. Phase 1 Resettlement Strategy ........................................................ 55 6.3.1. Details of the Proposed Phase 1 Resettlement Strategy ................................. 56 6.3.2. Options for Compensation and Resettlement for Fully Affected PAH's Introduction ......................................... 58 6.3.3. Affordability ......................................... 59 7 INCOME RESTORATION AND ASSISTANCE ....... ........... 64 7.1. Purpose and Approach ......................................... 64 7.2. Proposed Social Mitigation Program ......................................... 66 8 CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION ......................................... 69 8.1. Procedure ......................................... 69 8.2 Example of Community Upgrading Plan in LIA 06.06 .................................. 69 8.3 Public Disclosure of the RAP ......................................... 74 8.4 Consultation on the project draft social safeguard policy frameworks ........... 74 9 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS .................................................... 75 9.1. Institutional Framework .................................................... 75 9.2. Roles and Responsibilities - City Level .................................................... 75 9.3. Roles and Responsibilities - District Level .................................................... 80 9.4. Other Agencies .................................................... 82 9.5. Finalization of this RAP ............................ 82 10 COMPLAINTS AND GRIEVANCES ............................ 83 10.1. First step: ............................ 83 10.2. Second step :............................ 83 10.3. Third step: ............................ 83 10.4. Fourth step: ............................ 83 11 SUPERVISION, MONITORING AND EVALUATION .............................. 84 11.1. Supervision and Internal Monitoring .............................. 84 11.2. External Monitoring and Evaluation .............................. 85 12 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE .............................. 87 13 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT .............................. 90 Prepared by Martin Associates PIL (Australia) in association with Duong Thanh Water and Environment Ltd (Vietnam) Page 2 Vietnam Urban Upgrading Project Resettlement Action Plan Ho Chi Minh City 14 COSTS AND BUDGETS .............................................. 91 14.1. Expected land Values to estimate compensation costs ....................... ............ 91 14.2. Housing construction Costs to estimate compensation costs .......................... 95 14.3. Compensation Payments .............................................. 95 14.4. Cost Estimate .............................................. 100 Prepared by Martin Associates P/L (Australia) in association with Duong Thanh Water and Environment Ltd (Vietnam) Page 3 Vietnam Urban Upgrading Project Resettlement Action Plan Ho Chi Minh City LIST OF ANNEXES Annex 1: Entitlement Matrix Annex 2: Summary Of Differences Between World Bank And Government Of Vietnam Annex 3: Vietnamese Classes Of Housing Structures LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1-1: Study Area Tan Ho -Lo Gom Basin Figure 1-2: Project Impacts Figure 1-3: Project Benefits Figure 3-1: Component 1 Tertiary Infrastructure Figure 3-2: Component 2 Trunk Infrastructure Figure 3-3: Component 3 Resettlement Site Figure 3-4: Photos Component 1 and 3 Figure 3-5: Photos Component 3 Resettlement Site Figure 9-1: Administrative Structure for RAP Implementation Figure 12-1: Implementation Schedule Prepared by Martin Associates P/L (Australia) in association with Duong Thanh Water and Environment Ltd (Vietnam) Page 4 Vietnam Urban Upgrading Project Resettlement Action Plan Ho Chi Minh City ABBREVIATIONS Terminology GDP Gross Domestic Product Ha Hectare Km Kilometer kM2 Area, square kilometers LURC Land Use Rights Certificate M Meter Mon. Month MOP Manual of Practice O&M Operation and Maintenance PAF Project Affected Family PAH Project Affected Household PAP Project-affected Person Pers. Persons RAP Resettlement Action Plan SOE State-Owned Enterprise US$, USD United States Dollar VND Vietnamese Dong Organizations
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Uva-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)
    UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Political violence and its cultural constructions : representations & narrations in times of war de Silva, P.L. Publication date 2000 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): de Silva, P. L. (2000). Political violence and its cultural constructions : representations & narrations in times of war. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:30 Sep 2021 CHAPTERR FIVE CULTURE,, VIOLENCE AND POWER ©© Purnaka L. de Silva Culturee lends significance to human experience by selecting from and organizing it. It refers broadlyy to the forms through which people make sense of their lives, rather than more narrowlyy to the opera or art museums. It does not inhabit a setaside domain, as does, for example,, that of politics or economics.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction the Vietnamese Revolution in World History
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-15402-5 — Vietnam's Communist Revolution Tuong Vu Excerpt More Information Introduction The Vietnamese Revolution in World History The odds are stacked against revolutionaries in any society. Most have never had a chance to wield state power because even weak govern- ments command sufi cient forces to defeat them. Even if revolutions suc- cessfully overthrow the ancien régime , young revolutionary states from France to Russia have often faced powerful foreign enemies that make their survival even more remarkable. This book focuses on Vietnam as one of those rare exceptions in modern world history when revolution succeeded and endured. In this study, I trace the worldview of Vietnamese revolutionaries over an eighty- year period, starting from the 1920s when they were a band of outlaws who dreamed of building a communist paradise; through the decades in between, when they struggled to seize power, build a new society, and defeat foreign interventions; and to the late 1980s when they attempted in vain to save socialism at home and abroad. The revolu- tion effectively ended then, but its legacies are surprisingly resilient: the communist regime is under tremendous pressure for change but has stubbornly refused to abandon its widely discredited ideology. Thus, this book places ideology at the center of nearly a century of modern Vietnamese history. I argue that ideology helped Vietnamese communists persevere against great odds, but did not lead them to success and left behind dismal legacies. In the popular image, Vietnamese revolutionaries appear as pragmatic nationalists who inherited strong patriotic traditions and whose heroism deserves great admiration.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Attorneys in the Ho Chi Minh City Area
    U.S. Consulate General - Ho Chi Minh City American Citizen Services Unit 4 Le Duan Blvd, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City Website: https://vn.usembassy.gov/ LIST OF ATTORNEYS IN THE HO CHI MINH CITY AREA The following attorneys are willing to represent Americans in Vietnam. The United States Consulate General in Ho Chi Minh City assumes no responsibility for the professional ability or integrity of the following persons or firms. The attorneys listed appear in alphabetical order. The Consulate General understands that only members of the Bar Association may appear in court. Americans are advised to reach agreement on what services will be provided and what fees will be charged during the initial consultation with any lawyer. The Consulate General is not authorized to recommend any attorney or firm on the list. Information provided was obtained from the attorney or law firm. Allens Suite 605, Saigon Tower, 29 Le Duan Boulevard, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City Tel: (84-28) 3822-1717 Fax: (84-28) 3822-1818 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Cases handled: banking & financial; contracts; construction; distribution; foreign currency controls; corporations; insurance; foreign investments; labor; transport; franchising; import & export; property and leasing. Contact: Robert Fish, Partner Linh Bui, Partner SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED ANT Lawyers 6-7 Floor, Me Linh Point Tower 2 Ngo Duc Ke Street, District 1, Tel: (84-28) 3520-2779 / 7308-6529 Fax: (84-28) 3821-7843 Email: [email protected] Contact: Nguyen Anh Tuan, Mobile (84) 912-817-823 Cases handled: business; investment; intellectual properties and civil matters.
    [Show full text]
  • The Federal Republic of Germany and the First Indochina War (1946-1954)
    The Federal Republic of Germany and the first Indochina War (1946-1954) Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Philosophie des Fachbereichs Geschichts- und Kulturwissenschaften der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen Erstgutachter: PD. Dr. Detlef Briesen Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Dirk van Laak vorgelegt von Dao Duc Thuan aus Vietnam November 2012 Table of content CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. Background of the first Indochina War 1 1.2. Germany and France under post-war reconstruction 7 1.3. Purposes of study 10 1.4. Sources 16 1.5. Structure of the research 17 CHAPTER 2 VIETNAM FROM 1945 TO 1954 AND THE IMPACTS 22 OF THE DECOLONIZATION IN INDOCHINA ON FRANCE 2.1. Vietnam from 1945 to 1954 22 2.1.1. Historical background 22 2.1.2. Diplomatic strategy and efforts of Ho Chi Minh 24 2.1.3. France’s return to Indochina and the outbreak of the first 28 Indochina War 2.1.4. From a colonial war to an internationalized war 32 2.1.5. Influence of Dien Bien Phu as a signal of French 37 decolonization in Indochina 2.1.6. The Geneva Conference and its echoes 41 2.2. Impacts of the first Indochina War and decolonization in 44 Indochina on France 2.2.1. Impact on French domestic politics 45 2.2.2. Impact on military status 47 2.2.3. Impact on economics 48 2.2.4. Impact on French colonial and foreign policy 52 CHAPTER 3 GERMANY AND FRANCE AFTER WW II TO THE 55 EARLY 1960s 3.1. Europe from the end of WW II till the early 1960s 56 3.2.
    [Show full text]
  • The Missile Crisis in Cuba: 27Th October 1962, the Moment of the Highest Tension Between the USA and the USSR
    MILANMUN 2018 HISTORICAL COMMITTEE SIMONE MANZI (Cuba crisis) VALERIA CAVEZZALI (Gulf of Tonkin crisis) The Historical Committee is about re-enacting past conflicts and issues in order to find alternative possible diplomatic solutions different to the real outcomes. We have a knowledge of the outcome of the crisis (and the delegates know it, if they are prepared). But they should intervene with the mind of a delegate who does not know what has happened after the crisis situation. The outcome could be positive or negative for the world or for the countries involved and the delegates should think about alternatives to the real historic development. It is necessary to bear in mind that some countries may have had different names or policies during that time if compared to what their position is today ( Laos, for instance, had a tendency to follow a neutral course concerning the two blocks (USA and USSR) and officially became part of the non- aligned movement in 1964) . Obviously, the debate will take place as if we were in that moment of crisis, specifically. Still nowadays some aspects are not so clear, as they were dim also in that time. But this is exactly what happens in our time. It is often not so easy to determinate who is the protagonist of actions in debate (e.g.: in the case of bomb attacks. terrorists? secret services? mercenaries?). The first topic will be: The Missile Crisis in Cuba: 27th October 1962, the moment of the highest tension between the USA and the USSR The second topic: The Vietnam War: the moment is the day of the second Tonkin incident General background WHAT WAS THE COLD WAR? The two moments of crisis take place in the context of the Cold War.
    [Show full text]
  • Indochina: the Federation Factor
    Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 1982 Indochina: the federation factor. Harrison, David C. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/20207 w % A G SCHOOL SS? c^f ^^ NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California THESIS INDOCHINA: THE FEDERATION FAC TOR by David C. Harrison December 1982 Thesis Advisor: C. A. Buss Approved for public release; distribution unlimited 1207*45 UNCLASSIFIED S ECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS P«OI fgfcg Of fawX) REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE READ INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE COMPLETING FORM i nrpsvrsssm 2. OOVT ACCESSION ho J RECIPIENT'S CATALOG MUMMER 4. 1 iTlE mna Submit) ». TYPE OF «CO»T • »E»IQO COVCRCD Indochina: The Federation Factor Master's Thesis December 1982 «. PERFORMING ONG. *E*OPT NUMBER 7. AuTmOR<*«> t. CONTRACT ON GRANT NuMieuru David C. Harrison * PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME ANO AOORESS '°- PROGRAM CLEMENT PROJECT TASK AREA * WORK UNIT NUMBERS Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, California 93940 II. CONTROLLING OMICI NAMC ANO AOORESS 12. REPORT DATE Naval Postgraduate School December 1982 II. NUMBER OF Monterey, California 93940 PAGES 223 14 MONITORING AOKnCY NAMC * AOOREtKI/ Ultonmt S CanttolUng Otllet) It. SECURITY CLASS, lei lHli r,|on UNCLASSIFIED It* OECLASSlFi CATION/ DOWN GRAOlMG SCHEDULE 16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT at thl* *•*•") Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. 17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (el (*•• tottrmct rniffd In Block 20, II dltlmrmtl from Atpoti) <• SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES IB. KEY WOROt (Camtinvm a* rmwf • <<*• II «»e««»«rr «n* <««n«ffv 4r »Iocjc niMkwJ Federation; Indochina; Laos; Vietnam; Cambodia; Kampuchea •<•*• »loc* i •»•*) 20 ABSTRACT f ChkIihm an r«v«r*« // «»c««««rr anR IPwillff •» Removed from its historical setting, the concept of "Indochinese Feder- ation" has assumed an unintended connotation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Viet Minh
    Contents Your guide to Paper 2 1 Introduction 7 1 The Algerian War: Guerrilla war and decolonization 16 Exam-style questions and further reading 36 Skills section: Understanding the question 37 2 The Falklands/Malvinas War: The failure of diplomacy 39 Exam-style questions and further reading 56 3 The Vietnam War: Revolutionary war in Indo-China 57 Exam-style questions and further reading 81 Skills section: Structuring your essay 82 4 The Spanish Civil War: Ideology and conflict in the 20th century 84 Exam-style questions and further reading 105 5 The First World War: Total war 106 Exam-style questions and further reading 148 Skills section: Writing introductions and conclusions 149 6 The Second World War in Europe and North Africa: A return to total war 150 Exam-style questions and further reading 196 7 The Second World War in the Pacific: Total war 197 Exam-style questions and further reading 226 Skills section: Using the markbands 227 Conclusion 229 Index 232 v 3 THE VIETNAM WAR: REVOLUTIONARY WAR IN INDO-CHINA Global context As with the end of the First World War, the end The United States, a French ally, was still of the Second World War threw the international moderately anti-colonialist, but was struggling order into flux. The collapse of the Japanese with the implications of combining new global Empire with its army still in the field made a forces such as ideology with more traditional global complex situation even more uncertain. The paradigms such as nationalism and imperialism. spectre of an ideological-based world order grew The instability of the post-war years provided more likely each month in the post-war period.
    [Show full text]
  • Ho Chi Minh's Guerillas Were Backed After 1949 by Newly-Communist China, While the French War Effort Was Paid for by a US Now Agonising About Communist Expansion
    support the Viet Minh continued to fight the Japanese until 1945 - at which point they marched into Hanoi and declared the independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. However, no sooner was the Second World War over than the French attacked the Viet Minh, helped in the South by the British, who had been given temporary responsibility for the region and believed the former colonial authority should be restored. The French return forced the Viet Minh back into the hills and a long war ensued - the first Indochina War lasted nearly nine years. Ho Chi Minh's guerillas were backed after 1949 by newly-Communist China, while the French war effort was paid for by a US now agonising about Communist expansion. Frustrated that guerilla warfare never allowed them to use their superior firepower, the French decided in 1954 to lure the Viet Minh into a battle at Dien Bien Phu, a valley near the Laotian border. But the Viet Minh mobilised an army twice as big as expected, and • hauled heavy artillery to the top of the steep hills surrounding the valley, something the French had considered impossible. After 55 days of intense bombardment, Viet Minh troops over-ran Dien Bien Phu and the French colonial period was over. Ho Chi Minh Ho Chi Minh is one of the key figures of the twentieth century. The first President of an independent Vietnam, he led the resistance to the French, Japanese and Americans, and is still considered the father of the nation, referred to affectionately, even by opponents of Communism, as Bac Ho ('Uncle Ho').
    [Show full text]
  • Exposing the Myth of Ho Chi Minh
    EXPOSING THE MYTH OF HO CHI MINH CONTENTS Page FOREWORD 2 THE MYTH OF THE FATHER 3 THE MYTH OF LEAVING THE LAND IN SEARCH OF A SOLUTION TO SAVE VIETNAM 6 THE MYTH OF A SIMPLE BACHELOR 9 THE MYTH OF UNIFYING THE PEOPLE OF VIETNAM 19 THE MYTH OF LIBERATING THE PEOPLE 26 THE MYTH OF “HO CHI MINH’S IDEOLOGY” 37 THE MYTH OF THE HO MAUSOLEUM 45 CONCLUSION 58 NOTES 59 HO CHI MINH'S GLORIFICATION REJECTED BY UNESCO 65 1968 MASSACRE IN HUE 71 SHORT BIOGRAPHY OF HO CHI MINH 100 THE POLISH TIMES’ RANKING OF TH THE 13 BLOODIEST DICTATORS IN THE 20 CENTURY 101 RESOLUTION 1481 OF PARLIAMENTARY ASSEMBLY OF COUNCIL OF EUROPE (JAN. 25, 2006) 103 FOREWORD Ho Chi Minh (HCM) has been a controversial historical figure, starting with the difference between his true personality and the myths about him created either by himself or the Vietnamese Communist Party (VCP). In the past, the VCP regime was based on Marxism-Leninism. However, at the beginning of the 90s when Eastern European countries and the USSR collapsed, this ideology lost all its attractiveness. To fill the ideological gap, the VCP began to introduce what it called “Ho Chi Minh’s ideology”, whereas HCM himself once had said: “I don’t have any other thoughts than Marxism-Leninism.” To make sure he was correctly understood, he stressed that “regarding ideology as the concept about the universe, the world, and the human society, I’m only a pupil of Marx, Engels, and Lenin, having no other thought than Marxist philosophy.” (Nguyen Van Tran, Viet cho Me va Quoc hoi [Write to Mother and the National Assembly], pp.
    [Show full text]
  • Vietnam: Miscarriage of the Revolution
    Vietnam: Miscarriage of the Revolution [This prescient and important unsigned article appeared in the magazine Revolution, vol. 4, #7- 8, July/August 1979, published by the Revolutionary Communist Party, USA. It has not (so far as we know) been reprinted or made available elsewhere online. There were several photo- montages which accompanied this article which are not included here. (Their reproductive quality was quite poor.)] For fifteen years Vietnam was a storm center of revolutionary struggle against U.S. imperialism. It brought the U.S. bourgeoisie to its knees and rallied the support and sympathy of many millions the world over. The defeat in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia dealt a powerful material blow to U.S. imperialism. And for this reason, no matter what happened in Vietnam after the triumph over U.S. imperialism, the war of liberation waged by Vietnam was an historic progressive struggle. Yet something most definitely has happened in Vietnam, something very foul. The revolution of the Vietnamese people has been aborted by many of the very same people who led the struggle against French and U.S. imperialism. The goal of independence has been replaced by the reality of serving as a pawn of the Soviet Union; the hopes of advancing on the road of socialism and communism have been shattered by the realities of continuing class exploitation. The war of liberation fought by the peoples of Indochina showed how revolutionary violence can overcome counter-revolutionary violence. It demonstrated the power and effectiveness of just wars of liberation against wars of aggression and subjugation waged by the imperialists.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Perspective on the Vietnamese Revolution
    Journal of Southeast Asian Studies http://journals.cambridge.org/SEA Additional services for Journal of Southeast Asian Studies: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here Triumphs or tragedies: A new perspective on the Vietnamese revolution Tuong Vu Journal of Southeast Asian Studies / Volume 45 / Issue 02 / June 2014, pp 236 - 257 DOI: 10.1017/S0022463414000083, Published online: 19 May 2014 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0022463414000083 How to cite this article: Tuong Vu (2014). Triumphs or tragedies: A new perspective on the Vietnamese revolution . Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 45, pp 236-257 doi:10.1017/S0022463414000083 Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/SEA, IP address: 71.215.180.135 on 29 May 2014 236 Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 45(2), pp 236–257 June 2014. © The National University of Singapore, 2014 doi:10.1017/S0022463414000083 Triumphs or tragedies: A new perspective on the Vietnamese revolution Tuong Vu A new perspective has begun to challenge both the conventional portrayal of the Vietnamese revolution and the communist account of its success. This essay takes stock of new research that presents revolutionary Vietnam in a more complex and less triumphal way. It is argued that Vietnam’s nationalist revolution (1945–46) should be conceptually distinguished from the subsequent socialist revolution (1948–88). The former had a distinctly urban and bourgeois character, was led by a coalition of the upper and middle classes, and lacked ideological intensity. The latter was imposed from above, based on socialist visions, and dependent on foreign assist- ance.
    [Show full text]
  • 8. Crime–War in Sri Lanka
    8 Crime–war in Sri Lanka A least likely case with dozens of degrees of freedom1 In this chapter, three armed conflicts in Sri Lanka since independence are used to provide a particularly strong focus on Proposition 9: crime as a cause of war and war as a cause of crime. The Marxist revolutionary party Janathā Vimukthi Peramuņa (JVP, People’s Liberation Front) first led an insurgency in the 1970s and 1980s, which overlapped with the more deadly ethnic Tamil insurgency (which also encompassed class and caste resentments) starting in the 1980s. In the context of an analysis of our other propositions, the recent history of Sri Lanka is used to illustrate three cascade dynamics: crime cascades to war, war cascades to more war and to crime and crime and war both cascade to state violence such as torture, enforced disappearances and extrajudicial execution. Sri Lanka is also a case that cascaded new technologies of crime–war globally, such as suicide-bomb vests. The criminological lens for looking at cascades of warfare is not the most important one, but it is a profoundly neglected one. To put it dynamically, Chapter 4 argued that war has a propensity to morph into extreme crime problems that can be a cause of violence greater than the war. But crime can also morph into war. Hence, war prevention is crime prevention. And crime prevention—community policing that works—can interrupt cascades of warfare. For the past half-century, 1 This chapter is an expanded version of considerable portions of Braithwaite and D’Costa (2015).
    [Show full text]