IN THE BEGINNING… YALTA CONFERENCE USA v. USSR DEMOCRACY DICTATORSHIP FREE ENTERPRISE COMMUNISM PRESIDENT TRUMAN & CONTAINMENT EASTERN EUROPE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SATELLITE NATIONS/IRON CURTAIN COLD WAR (1948-1989) MAJOR EVENTS N.A.T.O. v. Warsaw Pact CIVIL WAR & DIVISION CONTINUING CONFLICT Cold War Alliances CHINA Korean Conflict FRENCH /US ROLE Communist North v. Democratic South INFLUENCE OF CONTAINMENT VIETNAM REUNIFICATION TODAY Vietnam Conflict Communist North v. Democratic South SOVIET ECONOMIC COLLAPSE (COMM=FAIL) TEARING DOWN THE BERLIN WALL Berlin & the Berlin Wall USSR NATIONALISM IN WARSAW PACT COUNTRIES The symbolic focal point of the Cold War PEOPLE TO KNOW FOR THE COLD WAR Cuban Missile Crisis Nuclear missiles aimed at USA… 90 miles away VS. Nukes & Deterrence American policy to deter a catastrophic event PRESIDENT CHIANG MAO HO INDIRA MARGARET MIKHAIL DENG TRUMAN KAI-SHEK GANDHI THATCHER GORBACHEV ZEDONG CHI MINH XIAOPING IN THE BEGINNING… Use the following formula to trace how our relationship with the USSR went from BFF to WFF THE YALTA CONFERENCE . Meeting at the end of WWII . USSR gets Eastern Europe . Germany/Berlin divided . USSR never gives it back THE MARSHALL PLAN . Europe destroyed by WWII . $$$$$$$$$$$$$ to rebuild! . US Sec. of State Marshall… . Soviet Satellites refused… THE IRON CURTAIN . Europe divided after WWII. West=Democracy/Capitalist . Ideological Division . East=Dictatorship/Commun. THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE/CONTAINMENT . Formerly Monroe Doctrine. GOAL: Keep Communism . Pearl Harbor changed USA within its current borders THE DOMINO THEORY . If one nation falls to . Therefore, the USA will Communism… the next will. CONTAIN it!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Cold War (n)- (1945-1991) was a continuing state of political and military tension between the powers of the Western world, led by the United States and its NATO allies, and the communist world, led by the Soviet Union, its satellite states and allies. INSERT THE CAPTION YALTA ___________________________________ ________________________ __________________________ _______________________ ___________________________________ ________________________ __________________________ _______________________ CAPTION _____ ________________________ _______________________ _______________________ ___ ______ MARSHALL PLAN CONTAINMENT DOMINO DOMINO THEORY ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ _ __________________________________ _________________________ IRON CURTAIN __________________________________ _________________________ _______ _________________________ COMPARING MAP: WASHINGTON (MOSCOW) ENCE Москва D.C. R CAPITAL: 3.79 M Sq. Miles 8.7 M Sq. Miles 250 M People 290 M People DEMO: 50 States 15 Republics DETER LEADER: PRESIDENT PREMIER ELECTED BY PEOPLE APPOINTED BY COMMUNIST PARTY _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ FREE ENTERPRISE COMMUNIST _____________________________________ Supply and demand Government control the determine Investment, etc. Means of Production ______________________________________ ECONOMY: Using the generic definition of the Cold War below (and your textbook pp.472-499), describe how the following events fit into the Cold War Puzzle. Cold War (n)- (1945-1991) was a continuing state of political and military tension between the powers of the Western world, led by the United States and its NATO allies, and the communist world, led by the Soviet Union, its satellite states and allies. The Iron Curtain fits into the Cold War because… The Berlin Airlift fits into the Cold War because… p. 477 p. 478 NATO & the Warsaw Pact fit into the Cold War p. 478 because… p. 479 The War because… War The because… War The p. p. p. Chinese Civil War Civil Chinese The Non-Aligned Movement 488 486 482 fits into the Cold War because… War Cold the into fits Vietnam Conflict Conflict Vietnam Conflict Korean fits into the Cold War because… War because… War p. 491 fits into the Cold Cold the into fits fits into the Cold Cold into the fits fits into the Col the into fits Truman Doctrine Doctrine Truman The The Cuban Missile Crisis fits into the Cold War because… d p. 492 . CHINESE CIVIL WAR . KOREAN CONFLICT MAJOR . BERLIN WALL . CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS . VIETNAM WAR CONFLICTS . DÉTENTE . FALL OF THE BERLIN WALL AND OUTCOMES . COLLAPSE OF THE USSR (1945-1991) TWO CHINAS TODAY AFTER WWII . KOREA IS DIVIDED: . AT THE 38th PARALLEL o NORTH: USSR SUPPORTED 2 o SOUTH: USA SUPPORTED FALL OF THE QING DYNASTY . DYNASTIES RULED CHINA JUNE 1949 FOR 4000 YEARS 1 NORTH INVADES SOUTH 3 . LAST ONE (QING) People’s Republic of China OVERTHROWN IN 1911 SEPTEMBER 1950 . LED TO YEARS OF RULE 2 BY WARLORDS . UN PUSHES BACK Taiwan . LED BY MacArthur 1 . EVENTUALLY RULED BY . PUSHES N. KOREA NATIONALIST BACK INTO CHINA CHIANG KAI-SHEK CHINESE CIVIL WAR KOREAN CONFLICT 1927 1950 1953 1950 NATIONALISTS COMMUNISTS OCTOBER 1950 CHIANG . LED BY . LED BY . CHINA SENDS KAI -SHEK . CONTROLLED . CONTROLLED MAO 3 300,000 TROOPS SOUTH NORTH ZEDONG SUPPORTED VS. SUPPORTED . PUSHES UN TROOPS . BY USA BY USSR BACK TO ORIGINAL BORDERS th . 38 PARALLEL WINNER: . CEASEFIRE COMMUNISTS OUTCOMES . NATIONALISTS FLEE TO TAIWAN . 6 MILLION DEAD . MAINLAND IS CONTROLLED BY . NO PEACE TREATY COMMUNISTS SINCE 1950 . CONTINUED CONFLICT TO THIS DAY . DMZ=Demilitarized Zone EST. MILES90 8/13/1961 . BUILT OVERNIGHT IN 1961 o BY THE COMMUNISTS . DIVIDED East & West BERLIN BERLIN WALL CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS 1961 1962 1962 1989 . LARGE TOWERS/CONCRETE WALLS CUBA BECOMES COMMUNIST IN 1959 . ACCORDING TO THE COMMUNISTS: . OCTOBER 14, 1962: PHOTO TAKEN o BUILT TO PROTECT FROM FASCISTS . ACCORDING TO REALITY: . JFK WARNS THIS IS UNACCEPTABLE o BUILT TO STOP ALL OF THE EAST . CHOICES: BERLINERS FROM EMIGRATING (or o NAVAL BLOCKADE FLEEING TO WEST BERLIN) o ATTACK THE MISSILES o BUILT TO STOP THE “BRAIN DRAIN” . DEAL BROKERED ULTIMATE SYMBOL OF o USSR removes their missiles o USA removes our missiles (Turkey) THE COLD WAR CLOSEST THE WORLD CAME TO NUCLEAR WAR EAST BERLIN NO MAN’s LAND WEST BERLIN President Kennedy and his advisors debating how to handle the Cuban Missile Crisis VIETNAM WAS A FRENCH COLONY o Since the 1800s RELAXATION CONQUERED BY JAPAN IN WWII o Japan loses WWII NIXON FRENCH RETURN TO THEIR COLONY BREZHNEV o Vietnam Declares Independence FR v. VIETNAM NIXON MAO o Vietnam wins with aid of CHINA PEACE CONFERENCE DIVIDES VIET th o At the 17 PARALLEL HO CHI MINH FIGHTS FOR UNIFICATION o Starts revolution in S. Vietnam FORD o Helps Vietcong VC=Victor Charlie US SHIPS “ATTACKED” in GULF BREZHNEV o America gets involved (500k) o Two problems for America… VIETNAM WAR DETENTE 1975 1971 1971 1955 DÉTENTE=RELAXATION OF TENSIONS o World almost ended several times… o Both USA & USSR agreed to back off MARKED BY TREATIES GUERILLA ANTI-WAR o USSR to grant free elections in Europe WARFARE MOVEMENT o Installation of a direct line to Moscow Irregular War Unpopular at o Ended with USSR invasion of Afghan. in an Home . US boycotted 1980 Moscow Olympics unfamiliar land "You can kill ten of our men for every one we kill of yours. HO But even at those odds, you will CHI - lose and we will win." MINH 1922-1991 DEC. 25, 1991 “Mr. Gorbachev, T ear down -US President Ronald Reagan this wall!” June 1987 SOVIET COMMUNIST ECONOMY WAS STAGNANT o Mikhail Gorbachev instituted two new policies: NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES BEGAN OPENING THEIR BORDERS . PERESTROIKA (Restructuring) o East Germans began to flee into Hungary, Austria, Czec Transition from Communism to Socialism o Led to Protests in East Germany to bring end the wall Some small-scale Capitalism allowed o East Berliners began gathering at the Wall’s Checkpoints . GLASNOST (Openness) . “Wir wollen raus!" (We Want Out!) Freedoms of Press, Speech, Assembly FALL of the BERLIN WALL COLLAPSE of the USSR 1989 1991 1991 1989 SOVIET ALLIES HAD BEEN OUSTED IN E. EUROPE “This is a historic day. East Germany has announced that, starting immediately, its borders are open to everyone. E. o Led to Gorbachev instituting reforms Open Churches that were closed for decades Germany is opening its borders ... the gates in the Berlin . Wall stand open…” . Freed political prisoners -West German News Broadcast, Nov. 9, 1989 . Published Banned books o People outnumbered the guards o These actions upset the Communist Party o 10:45 E. German Guards allowed free access… . Attempted a Coup to overthrow Gorbachev o Celebrations ensued . Failed; Stopped by Mass Protests COLD WAR=OVER NOVEMBER 9, 1989 o Leader of protests elected President . Boris Yeltsin o USSR lost HALF of its population o Economic Calamity . Standard of Living fell . Worse than G. Depr "Irgendwann fällt jede Mauer"="Eventually every wall falls" MEETThe following world leaders THE shaped the Cold WarCOLD during the end of the Cold War era (1945-1991). Their policies guided the world’s most powerful nations into their current state today in the 21st Century. INDIRA MIKHAIL MARGARET DENG GANDHI GORBACHEV THATCHER XIAOPING (1966 -1977; 1980-1984) (1985-1991) (1979-1990) (1978-1992) . BORN IN 1917 . BORN IN 1931 . BORN IN 1925 . BORN IN 1904 . 3rd Prime Minister of India . 8th and Final Premier of USSR . 71st Prime Minister of Britain . 3rd Paramount Leader of China st MAJOR POLICIES MAJOR POLICIES MAJOR POLICIES MAJOR POLICIES . 1 Female leader of the . Represented Younger . “Iron Lady” . Veteran of Chinese Civil War World‟s largest Democracy Generation of Russians . Strict opponent of Communism . Reformed after