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<Chapter 7><THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES \(1000–1300\): the ASCENDENCY of the CHURCH and the RISE of STATES
25 Chapter 7 THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES (1000–1300): THE ASCENDENCY OF THE CHURCH AND THE RISE OF STATES Multiple-Choice 1. Which of the following most accurately describes Western European progress and development during the High Middle Ages? (a) a growing independence of the Roman church from secular authority (b) the establishment of national monarchies (c) the foundations for modern representative institutions (d) all of the above 2. The relationship between Otto the Great and the papacy at Rome can best be described as (a) Otto’s domination of the popes. (b) papal domination of the German monarchy. (c) a near-perfect balance in their respective authorities. (d) none of the above 3. All of the following were the principles of the reformers of Cluny except (a) rejection of secular control of the clergy. (b) strict observance of monastic rules. (c) creation of a more spiritual Church. (d) acceptance of life without hope. 4. The purpose of the College of Cardinals was to (a) establish educational standards for the clergy. (b) free the papacy from secular intervention. (c) provide an internal organization for Church discipline. (d) none of the above 5. Lay investiture could best be described as a process (a) by which the College of Cardinals appointed bishops. (b) by which secular rulers appointed bishops. (c) in which Henry IV begged forgiveness before Gregory VII. (d) fully accepted by the Cluniac Reform Movement. 6. Which of the following would not be considered a contribution to the success of the First Crusade (a) the need to arouse the European Christian community. -
Normans and the Papacy
Normans and the Papacy A micro history of the years 1053-1059 Marloes Buimer S4787234 Radboud University January 15th, 2019 Dr. S. Meeder Radboud University SCRSEM1 V NORMAN2 NOUN • 1 member of a people of mixed Frankish and Scandinavian origin who settled in Normandy from about AD 912 and became a dominant military power in western Europe and the Mediterranean in the 11th century.1 1 English Oxford living dictionaries, <https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/norman> [consulted on the 19th of January 2018]. Index INDEX 1 PREFACE 3 ABBREVIATIONS 5 LIST OF PEOPLE 7 CHAPTER 1: STATUS QUAESTIONIS 9 CHAPTER 2: BATTLE AT CIVITATE 1000-1053 15 CHAPTER 3: SCHISM 1054 25 CHAPTER 4: PEACE IN ITALY 1055-1059 35 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 43 BIBLIOGRAPHY 47 1 2 Preface During my pre-master program at the Radboud University, I decided to write my bachelor thesis about the Vikings Rollo, Guthrum and Rörik. Thanks to that thesis, my interest for medieval history grew and I decided to start the master Eternal Rome. That thesis also made me more enthusiastic about the history of the Vikings, and especially the Vikings who entered the Mediterranean. In the History Channel series Vikings, Björn Ironside decides to go towards the Mediterranean, and I was wondering in what why this affected the status of Vikings. While reading literature about this conquest, there was not a clear matter to investigate. Continuing reading, the matter of the Normans who settled in Italy came across. The literature made it clear, on some levels, why the Normans came to Italy. -
Criticism of the Church
Criticism of the Church By: Richard B. Sorensen November 1, 2010, updated November 23, 2020 [email protected] www.richardsorensen.com www.unholygrail.net If you say that the history of the Church is a long succession of scandals, you are telling the truth, though if that is all you say, you are distorting the truth ~ Gerald Vann To a large degree, the Bible and the church have been lumped together in people’s minds and the frustration that some have felt with the actual “institutions of Christianity” have made them question and throw out the church, the Bible, and even Christianity itself. Many of the criticisms are overblown, but the church does have things to answer for. Here are some examples: For centuries the Catholic Church was a secular political power that vied with other governments for control and supremacy. Ignoring the separation enforced in the Old Testament between priests (religious leaders) and kings (secular leaders), and the New Testament pattern of multiple elders to avoid the tendency toward dictatorship, the Catholic Church centralized power by establishing the Papacy and the Vatican in the fourth century, with the Pope being the supreme leader. Subsequent popes sought to expand their authority, and at times there were vicious battles to seize the Papal ring. This is in contrast to Scriptures such as James 3:16-17: “For where jealousy and selfish ambition exist, there is disorder and every evil thing. But the wisdom from above is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, reasonable, full of mercy and good fruits, unwavering, without hypocrisy.” Many individual pastors and priests were lights for God, but the central leadership became corrupt and hypocritical. -
Byzantine Missionaries, Foreign Rulers, and Christian Narratives (Ca
Conversion and Empire: Byzantine Missionaries, Foreign Rulers, and Christian Narratives (ca. 300-900) by Alexander Borislavov Angelov A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) in The University of Michigan 2011 Doctoral Committee: Professor John V.A. Fine, Jr., Chair Professor Emeritus H. Don Cameron Professor Paul Christopher Johnson Professor Raymond H. Van Dam Associate Professor Diane Owen Hughes © Alexander Borislavov Angelov 2011 To my mother Irina with all my love and gratitude ii Acknowledgements To put in words deepest feelings of gratitude to so many people and for so many things is to reflect on various encounters and influences. In a sense, it is to sketch out a singular narrative but of many personal “conversions.” So now, being here, I am looking back, and it all seems so clear and obvious. But, it is the historian in me that realizes best the numerous situations, emotions, and dilemmas that brought me where I am. I feel so profoundly thankful for a journey that even I, obsessed with planning, could not have fully anticipated. In a final analysis, as my dissertation grew so did I, but neither could have become better without the presence of the people or the institutions that I feel so fortunate to be able to acknowledge here. At the University of Michigan, I first thank my mentor John Fine for his tremendous academic support over the years, for his friendship always present when most needed, and for best illustrating to me how true knowledge does in fact produce better humanity. -
Fiche En Frejus
CNRS – INSHS/INS2I * GDR 3359 MoDyS * UMR 3495 MAP École thématique MoDyS 2012 Practical classes data sets Some events and clues ion the history of the city of Fréjus Sources used 3 The city 4 Text 1 History of Fréjus 4 Text 2 The Franks and Arabs in Provence 4 Christianity in Fréjus 5 Text 3 Churches and bishops 5 Text 4 Introduction of Christianity 5 Text 5 Saint Leontius 5 The Episcopal group 6 Text 6 The baptistery 6 Fig 1 A Merovingian Baptistery 6 Text 7 The Cathedral 6 Text 8 The Cloister 7 Collapse of the Malpasset dam 8 Text 9 Malpasset 8 Fig 2 Remains of the Malpasset dam, the day later 8 Text 10 Malpasset Dam 9 2010 floods 10 Text 11 Flood June 2010 10 Text 12 French flash flood toll up to 25 10 Text 13 Flash flood and Debris flood in the Var (France), 15th June 2010 11 Carte de Saint-Raphaël (Var) selon Cassini <http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/1_navigation.php#> Fiche de données atelier cas concret / L’eau comme ressource École thématique MODYS - CNRS INSHS/INSII GDR 3359 MoDyS UMR 3495 MAP Réseau ISA [JY Blaise I Dudek 09/2012 [email protected]] 2 Fiche de données atelier cas concret / L’eau comme ressource Sources used [1] History of Fréjus http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A9jus [03/10/2012] [2] History of Provence http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Provence [3] Introduction of Christianity http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishopric_of_Fr%C3%A9jus [4] Saint Leontius http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leontius_of_Fr%C3%A9jus [5] The cathedral in Fréjus http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A9jus_Cathedral [6] Collapse -
The Body/Soul Metaphor the Papal/Imperial Polemic On
THE BODY/SOUL METAPHOR THE PAPAL/IMPERIAL POLEMIC ON ELEVENTH CENTURY CHURCH REFORM by JAMES R. ROBERTS B.A., Catholic University of America, 1953 S.T.L., University of Sr. Thomas, Rome, 1957 J.C.B., Lateran University, Rome, 1961 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in » i THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA September, 1977 Co) James R. Roberts, 1977 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the Head of my Department or by his representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of The University of British Columbia 2075 Wesbrook Place Vancouver, Canada V6T 1W5 Date Index Chapter Page (Abst*ac't 'i Chronological list of authors examined vii Chapter One: The Background . 1 Chapter Two: The Eleventh Century Setting 47 Conclusion 76 Appendices 79 A: Excursus on Priestly Dignity and Authority vs Royal or Imperial Power 80 B: Excursus: The Gregorians' Defense of the Church's Necessity for Corporal Goods 87 Footnotes 92 ii ABSTRACT An interest in exploring the roots of the Gregorian reform of the Church in the eleventh century led to the reading of the polemical writings by means of which papalists and imperialists contended in the latter decades of the century. -
Is Peter the First Pope?
G3 2017 Is Peter the First Pope? Turn to Matthew 16 and let’s tackle the Roman Catholic’s best support verse. Debunk their claim in three points: 1. The entire Bible debunks the claim 2. History debunks the claim 3. Peter’s confession debunks the Roman Catholic Church’s claim Matthew 16: 13-19 13 Now when Jesus came into the district of Caesarea Philippi, He was asking His disciples, “Who do people say that the Son of Man is?” 14 And they said, “Some say John the Baptist; and others, Elijah; but still others, Jeremiah, or one of the prophets.” 15 He said to them, “But who do you say that I am?” 16 Simon Peter answered, “You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.” 17 And Jesus said to him, “Blessed are you, Simon Barjona, because flesh and blood did not reveal this to you, but My Father who is in heaven. 18 I also say to you that you are Peter, and upon this rock I will build My church; and the gates of Hades will not overpower it. There have been 260 popes (more if you count the anti-popes). You are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church: on the Cathedral ceiling along with “I will give to you the keys of the kingdom of heaven.” Three reasons these verses do not support the office of the papacy: 1. Biblically 2. Historically 3. Confessionally I. The Bible itself debunks the claim: 18 I also say to you that you are Peter, and upon this rock I will build My church; and the gates of Hades will not overpower it. -
Bulletin-2019-02-17
IMMACULATE CONCEPTION OF MARY PARISH HH – Hitch Hall MH – Maher Hall February 17, 2019 SB – School Basement R – Rectory CH – Church Sixth Sunday in Ordinary Time WH – Waldeisen Hall Date Observance Mass Time & Intention Server(s) Readings Event/Meeting 5:30 pm Mon Gn 4:1-15, 25; Nancy Smith Stockdale Morgan Feb 18 Mk 8:11-13 by Fr. Mike Tues Gn 6:5-8, 7-15, 10; Free Store Feb 19 Mk 8:14-21 4:30 pm – 7 pm SB 5:30 pm Wed Gn 8:6-13, 20-22; Contemporary Choir Ethel Witzl Morgan Feb 20 Mk 8:22-26 6: 45 pm CH by Altar & Rosary Society Thur Peter Damian, Gn 9:1-13; Feb 21 Bishop & Doctor Mk 8:27-33 5:30 pm Fri The Chair of St. Peter 1 Pt 5:1-4; Mary Ann Duhon Morgan Feb 22 the Apostle Mt 16:13-19 by Martha J. Klein Confessions 5:30 pm Sat Polycarp, Heb 11:1-7; 9 am -10 am CH Deceased Members of Burkhart Feb 23 Bishop & Martyr Mk 9:2-13 Free Store the Witzl Family 9:30 am – noon SB 8:30 am 8:30 am People of the Parish Brown 1 Sm 26:2, 7-9, 12-13, 22-23; Sun Seventh Sunday 11 am 11 am 1 Cor 15:45-49; Feb 24 in Ordinary Time Deceased Family Members Wilson Lk 6:27-38 of Bob & Kathy Doerr Compton Sanctuary Lamp – Benjamin Blankenship Holy Family Candle – Special Intention COLLECTION REPORT th Week Ending • AFE – Our next session will be March 7 . -
Pope and Hitler Agreement
Pope And Hitler Agreement Floristic and self-governing Ez always pulsed conspicuously and gulf his triangulations. Dietrich theatricalized breezily as state Spike cross-section her Glazunov accessorizing annoyingly. Cataplexy Saul flapped inviolately. The possibility of an alien with the regime was nice of armor One but later Pacelli ascended to. Those associations, such reason the Cartel Federation of Catholic Student Associations, which did not write, were excluded from recognition in official church publications. The agreement between his job and catholic zentrum party headed might lose in seven months prior agreement and pope hitler? This is best many priests continued to consider against the immorality of many aspects of Nazi ideology, especially its racism, militarism and its eugenic policies. Do a temporary truce that hitler himself to leave him to other agreement. Church and pope. Pope Wikipedia. The pope and inactions during periods. The embody which involved the German hierarchy agreeing to withdraw. What led the Catholic Church promise into the Concordat of 1933? Documents Related to what War II Mount Holyoke College. Hitler as pope was not specific rules when church authority of popes against them who deserves more? The rising threat of communismby becoming Hitler's pope and pawn. Vatican's WWII archives reveal each picture 'flawed. It and hitler government is wrong. Extracts from the Nazi-Catholic Concordat a treaty signed by delegates of the. But hitler and popes called to this agreement with equal of tabernacles. List of popes by are of being Simple English Wikipedia the free. Ethics in the Shadow how the Holocaust, ed. Pius authors are marked down for use their privileged position to take an appropriate conclusions about it this concordat, amid recriminations on. -
The Idea of Medieval Heresy in Early Modern France
The Idea of Medieval Heresy in Early Modern France Bethany Hume PhD University of York History September 2019 2 Abstract This thesis responds to the historiographical focus on the trope of the Albigensians and Waldensians within sixteenth-century confessional polemic. It supports a shift away from the consideration of medieval heresy in early modern historical writing merely as literary topoi of the French Wars of Religion. Instead, it argues for a more detailed examination of the medieval heretical and inquisitorial sources used within seventeenth-century French intellectual culture and religious polemic. It does this by examining the context of the Doat Commission (1663-1670), which transcribed a collection of inquisition registers from Languedoc, 1235-44. Jean de Doat (c.1600-1683), President of the Chambre des Comptes of the parlement of Pau from 1646, was charged by royal commission to the south of France to copy documents of interest to the Crown. This thesis aims to explore the Doat Commission within the wider context of ideas on medieval heresy in seventeenth-century France. The periodization “medieval” is extremely broad and incorporates many forms of heresy throughout Europe. As such, the scope of this thesis surveys how thirteenth-century heretics, namely the Albigensians and Waldensians, were portrayed in historical narrative in the 1600s. The field of study that this thesis hopes to contribute to includes the growth of historical interest in medieval heresy and its repression, and the search for original sources by seventeenth-century savants. By exploring the ideas of medieval heresy espoused by different intellectual networks it becomes clear that early modern European thought on medieval heresy informed antiquarianism, historical writing, and ideas of justice and persecution, as well as shaping confessional identity. -
A BRIEF HISTORY of the PAPACY by John Judy (Written Mid-April
A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE PAPACY By John Judy (Written mid-April 2005 for “Big News.”) MICHAEL Any day now the College of Cardinals will be choosing a new Pope. White smoke will billow out into Saint Peter's Square signaling that the Holy Mother Church has discovered fire. I'm kidding. The Catholic Church has long since acknowledged the existence of fire and has used it on more than a few occasions. If you don't believe me, ask a heretic. If you can find one! (Did I mention John Paul II once issued a formal apology to Prometheus? True story...) In any case, we Big News Catholics don't want the rest of you sinners to spend the next week in complete ignorance of our glorious heritage and the intricate, infallible goings- on of our higher-ups. With that in mind we now present a brief history of the papacy, or, as we call it: "The Vatican Highlight Reel!" MATT There have been 265 Popes since Jesus chose Saint Peter to be the rock on which he founded his church in 32 A.D. SAINT PETER Numero Uno, baby! Pearly gates in the house! MATT According to Catholic tradition, Peter brought Christianity to Rome although it was there well before Peter arrived. SAINT PETER We were in previews out of town, man. MATT And once he was in Rome, Peter didn't serve as any kind of bishop or leader. SAINT PETER It was casual. Why you doggin' me, Boo? MATT Saint Sixtus, the seventh Pope, was the first Pope known to be the son of a Priest. -
Popes in History
popes in history medals by Ľudmila Cvengrošová text by Mons . Viliam Judák Dear friends, Despite of having long-term experience in publishing in other areas, through the AXIS MEDIA company I have for the first time entered the environment of medal production. There have been several reasons for this decision. The topic going beyond the borders of not only Slovakia but the ones of Europe as well. The genuine work of the academic sculptress Ľudmila Cvengrošová, an admirable and nice artist. The fine text by the Bishop Viliam Judák. The “Popes in history” edition in this range is a unique work in the world. It proves our potential to offer a work eliminating borders through its mission. Literally and metaphorically, too. The fabulous processing of noble metals and miniatures produced with the smallest details possible will for sure attract the interest of antiquarians but also of those interested in this topic. Although this is a limited edition I am convinced that it will be provided to everybody who wants to commemorate significant part of the historical continuity and Christian civilization. I am pleased to have become part of this unique project, and I believe that whether the medals or this lovely book will present a good message on us in the world and on the world in us. Ján KOVÁČIK AXIS MEDIA 11 Celebrities grown in the artist’s hands There is one thing we always know for sure – that by having set a target for himself/herself an artist actually opens a wonderful world of invention and creativity. In the recent years the academic sculptress and medal maker Ľudmila Cvengrošová has devoted herself to marvellous group projects including a precious cycle of male and female monarchs of the House of Habsburg crowned at the St.