The Christ, the Pope and the Church Or Intimate Secrets of the Papacy

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Christ, the Pope and the Church Or Intimate Secrets of the Papacy Fr. Julio Maria Missionary of Our Lady of SS. sacrament The Christ, the Pope and the Church or Intimate Secrets of the Papacy THIRD EDITION Reviewed by the author 194 PU !ISHER O LUT#DOR !he Christ# the Pope and the Church – Fr. Ju'io Maria – www.va'de.com.br(en Manhumirim NIHI! O "T#T$ P. )nge'o "ontessotto S& )d hoc manager IMPRIMATUR "aratingen ## 1+ )pri'is 19,+ - &osephus Maria .pisc .. /icacesanus REIMPRIMATUR "oratingen., 0 )ugusti 19,9 &oannes .piscopus /ioc. - Appro%al of His .2ce''ency Rvma. /. &os3 Maria Parreira Lara // Bishop of "aratinga Rev. %r. &u'io Maria# I send you my sincere congratu'ations on your new book6 7!he "hrist# the Pope and the "hurch8 and a'so congratu'ations on ma5in* the most of the ta'ents that 9od has entrusted to you. %ol'ow my Imprimatur# with great p'easure# and send you the opinion of the ad hoc "ensor. !he censor wrote to the Hon. Mr. Bishop6 7I read the 4+ :page book that you demanded. sent me# and I bui't myse'f up with such a convincin* and solid reading. 2 !he Christ# the Pope and the Church – Fr. Ju'io Maria – www.va'de.com.br(en I thin5 that 7!he "hrist# the Pope and the "hurch or the intimate Secrets of the Papacy8 is a wor5 destined to produce a great good amon* the wea5 in the faith# who easi'y 'et themse'ves be impressed by these Protestant discussions that# despite a thousand refuted theses# they return to the dance again in this continuous 7sport of heretics8# as this campaign of discussions c'assi;ed our %r Leone' %ranca. <ith my 7=ihi' obstat8# as an ad hoc "ensor# nominated by >our .2ce''ency# a'so my sincere congratu'ations# for a wor5 of such erudition and usefu'ness# at the moment. 8 P. ANGE!O CONTE""OTTO "J 3 !he Christ# the Pope and the Church – Fr. Ju'io Maria – www.va'de.com.br(en APPRECI#TION OF THE EPI"COP#TE AND THE PRE"" ON THI" OO' !he i''ustrious .piscopate is unanimous in proc'aimin* the extraordinary qua'ities of the present wor5. His .minence "ardina' /. Sebasti@o Leme ca''s it 7a luminous book that victoriously refutes all objections against the Church.” /. &os3 "ar'os de )guirre# Bishop of Sorocaba# writes 7I have been spending days on end reading his controversial religious books. They are admirable! Our Lord granted him priceless gifts of clarity vigor of argument, and above all, delicacy in dealing with opponents making them read with interest with them. ” /. Severino Aieira de Me'o, Bishop of PiauB# writes. 7I read your book carefully" Christ, the #ope and the Church$ I enjoyed it immensely" I am sure it will do great good. ” /. Rodolfo de O'iveira Pena# Bishop of Barra do Rio 9rande# writes6 "I cannot fail to a&rm my admiration for the talent that 'od Our Lord has given him which is so brilliant in his admirable book" O Cristo o #ope and the Church. (ow well is this book going to do) ” /. &os3 Maria Parreira Lara# Bishop of "aratinga# congratu'ated the author on the book and on ta5in* advantage of the ta'ents 9od has entrusted to him. !he .cc'esiastica' "ensor# %r. )nge'o "ontessotto S& says in =IHIL OBS!)!# that he bui't himse'f up with this readin* so convincin* and solid, that he ;nds wor5 destined to produce a great good amon* the wea5 in the faith# with his sincere words for a wor5 of so much scholarship and usefu'ness at the moment. 7) "ruC8# from Rio de &aneiro, says# in turn# amon* other praisesD 7Christ, the #ope and the Church is a magnificent book a breathtaking work destined for the most frank success. +ather ,ulio -aria speaks the faith proficiently. In each of the subjects it focuses on, one sees a speaking authority a convincing believer an fascinating artist. It is a book that instructs leaving no doubt in the 4 !he Christ# the Pope and the Church – Fr. Ju'io Maria – www.va'de.com.br(en shado! of the points of our religion contested. It is a book that imposes itself without the need for advertising. % !he E/iFrio" de Minas# writes6 7+r. ,ulio -aria's books travel the world and are read everywhere, with the interest that corresponds to the throbbing subjects he deals with. It can be said that in our day +r. ,ulio -aria is one of the most widely read authors both because of his lively clear and penetrating !ay of exposing truths and because of the throbbing subjects he deals with. In his books and especially in this book %The Christ, the #ope and the Church% there are no banalities common places$ everything there is ne! full of life, enthusiasm and what is even better full of a solid profound doctrine that allows the reader to get to the heart of the most abstract 0uestions. This book according to the experts is one of the most beautiful that produced the luminous spirit of the great polemicist. ” !he 7)ve Maria8# by S# Pau'o, recommendin* the book# writes6 %1e received with great joy another book by the brilliant thinker #. ,2lio -aria. In fact, the most frank and enthusiastic congratulations deserve the cultured spirit of the known and appreciated. a writer for his ne! valuable literary production, where his exquisite talent shines more than ever arguably one of the most beautiful of which our glorious Catholic hosts can be proud. +or this reason, we immediately recommend the recent publication by +r. ,ulio -aria a well-known religious scholar. ” !he 7Lar "atG'ico8# from &uiC de %ora# a'so writes6 7(ere is a great job by the tireless missionary of 4. 5ra. 6o 5smo. 5acramento which is the 7everend +r. ,ulio -aria. 7eally" Christ, the #ope and the Church is one of the best publications of the 7everend. +r. ,ulio -aria and should be read and studied by all Catholics who due to circumstances are obliged to always be in contact with #rotestants or bad Catholics. ” 7Let us end these assessments by analy8ing the great publicist, literary 5oares de 98evedo in" :o8es de #etr;polis %" 7Combative spirit, ardent writer and well versed in all the issues that most closely concern the Catholic Church +r. ,2lio -aria is already the 5 !he Christ# the Pope and the Church – Fr. Ju'io Maria – www.va'de.com.br(en author of some <= books all of them of considerable acceptance in our culture. The book of today more than controversial, nevertheless exposes a very solid doctrine and by mild processes often playful. This is ho! we see +ather ,ulio -aria dealing with the thousand and one accusations that #rotestants formulate against the #ope's wealth religious tra&cking, the riches of priests the diatribes against certain ponti>s that #rotestants consider to be less austere in their lives. +rom there it passes to the constitution of the Church to the *rst popes to divine inspiration, to tradition and 5cripture, to infallibility etc. Although always in the form of controversy often vigorous +ather ,2lio -aria o>ers us a work of great relevance given the manifestations of the past fe! years games of unrepentant sectarian, against the life of the Church of 'od and his work in serious problems of our times. %9 work of erudition and topicality% 3 says the censor and we will not need to say more, needlessly. % 6 !he Christ# the Pope and the Church – Fr. Ju'io Maria – www.va'de.com.br(en Introduction !he modern wor'd wants to 5now secrets. .verythin* that has the appearance of secrecy has an irresistib'e appea'. ) science# or a doctrine# is on'y appreciated for its revea'in* side of S."RETS. Secrets of the past or the future ... secrets of fami'y or conscience ... secrets of nature or the transcendent ... secrets of this 'ife or of beyond the grave ... there are secrets# and there wi'' be readers ... it is before such an a'most morbid disposition that# without bein* a prophet# I myse'f foresee a *'orious future for the humb'e 'itt'e book# which today I re'ease to the pub'ic. !he book wi'' succeed, because it has secrets ... M)=> S."RETS H throbbin* secrets ... that a'most everyone ignores and that everyone shou'd 5now. !his book fu''y corresponds to the *enera' an2iety about 5nowin* secrets. <e have to unrave' a big secret ... a mysterious secret. ) deep secretI One of those secrets that surrounds us# penetrates us# e2cites our admiration# without the sharpest ones gettin* to the heart of the matter and unrave'ing the enigmatic 5not of it. !he wor'd wou'd want to 5now you ... and it seems to be afraid to 5now the truth. <hy this fearJ %or the reason that the disc'osure of this S."RET imposes a norm on our 'ives and an orientation on our ideas. =ow# such a norm and orientation requires reform. .very reform requires sacri;ce ... and the addicted nature hates sacri;ce. 7 !he Christ# the Pope and the Church – Fr. Ju'io Maria – www.va'de.com.br(en !his secret is the ")!HOLI" "hurch# it is !1. P)P)!E. Here is a mu'ti:century institution# a'ways attac5ed and a'ways triumphant ... e2citin* the enthusiasm of some and the hatred of others. It is not a mysterious secret that is continuous'y an obKect of 'ove and hate6 "urious institution H <here does it come fromJ <hat do you wantJ How is it doneJ <hat are your means of actionJ <hat is your baseJ <hat is your strengthJ <hat is the secret of your surviva'J Here are a few questions that revea' tangib'e and inexp'icab'e facts for many# showing a mystery ..
Recommended publications
  • Criticism of the Church
    Criticism of the Church By: Richard B. Sorensen November 1, 2010, updated November 23, 2020 [email protected] www.richardsorensen.com www.unholygrail.net If you say that the history of the Church is a long succession of scandals, you are telling the truth, though if that is all you say, you are distorting the truth ~ Gerald Vann To a large degree, the Bible and the church have been lumped together in people’s minds and the frustration that some have felt with the actual “institutions of Christianity” have made them question and throw out the church, the Bible, and even Christianity itself. Many of the criticisms are overblown, but the church does have things to answer for. Here are some examples: For centuries the Catholic Church was a secular political power that vied with other governments for control and supremacy. Ignoring the separation enforced in the Old Testament between priests (religious leaders) and kings (secular leaders), and the New Testament pattern of multiple elders to avoid the tendency toward dictatorship, the Catholic Church centralized power by establishing the Papacy and the Vatican in the fourth century, with the Pope being the supreme leader. Subsequent popes sought to expand their authority, and at times there were vicious battles to seize the Papal ring. This is in contrast to Scriptures such as James 3:16-17: “For where jealousy and selfish ambition exist, there is disorder and every evil thing. But the wisdom from above is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, reasonable, full of mercy and good fruits, unwavering, without hypocrisy.” Many individual pastors and priests were lights for God, but the central leadership became corrupt and hypocritical.
    [Show full text]
  • Bulletin-2019-02-17
    IMMACULATE CONCEPTION OF MARY PARISH HH – Hitch Hall MH – Maher Hall February 17, 2019 SB – School Basement R – Rectory CH – Church Sixth Sunday in Ordinary Time WH – Waldeisen Hall Date Observance Mass Time & Intention Server(s) Readings Event/Meeting 5:30 pm Mon Gn 4:1-15, 25; Nancy Smith Stockdale Morgan Feb 18 Mk 8:11-13 by Fr. Mike Tues Gn 6:5-8, 7-15, 10; Free Store Feb 19 Mk 8:14-21 4:30 pm – 7 pm SB 5:30 pm Wed Gn 8:6-13, 20-22; Contemporary Choir Ethel Witzl Morgan Feb 20 Mk 8:22-26 6: 45 pm CH by Altar & Rosary Society Thur Peter Damian, Gn 9:1-13; Feb 21 Bishop & Doctor Mk 8:27-33 5:30 pm Fri The Chair of St. Peter 1 Pt 5:1-4; Mary Ann Duhon Morgan Feb 22 the Apostle Mt 16:13-19 by Martha J. Klein Confessions 5:30 pm Sat Polycarp, Heb 11:1-7; 9 am -10 am CH Deceased Members of Burkhart Feb 23 Bishop & Martyr Mk 9:2-13 Free Store the Witzl Family 9:30 am – noon SB 8:30 am 8:30 am People of the Parish Brown 1 Sm 26:2, 7-9, 12-13, 22-23; Sun Seventh Sunday 11 am 11 am 1 Cor 15:45-49; Feb 24 in Ordinary Time Deceased Family Members Wilson Lk 6:27-38 of Bob & Kathy Doerr Compton Sanctuary Lamp – Benjamin Blankenship Holy Family Candle – Special Intention COLLECTION REPORT th Week Ending • AFE – Our next session will be March 7 .
    [Show full text]
  • A BRIEF HISTORY of the PAPACY by John Judy (Written Mid-April
    A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE PAPACY By John Judy (Written mid-April 2005 for “Big News.”) MICHAEL Any day now the College of Cardinals will be choosing a new Pope. White smoke will billow out into Saint Peter's Square signaling that the Holy Mother Church has discovered fire. I'm kidding. The Catholic Church has long since acknowledged the existence of fire and has used it on more than a few occasions. If you don't believe me, ask a heretic. If you can find one! (Did I mention John Paul II once issued a formal apology to Prometheus? True story...) In any case, we Big News Catholics don't want the rest of you sinners to spend the next week in complete ignorance of our glorious heritage and the intricate, infallible goings- on of our higher-ups. With that in mind we now present a brief history of the papacy, or, as we call it: "The Vatican Highlight Reel!" MATT There have been 265 Popes since Jesus chose Saint Peter to be the rock on which he founded his church in 32 A.D. SAINT PETER Numero Uno, baby! Pearly gates in the house! MATT According to Catholic tradition, Peter brought Christianity to Rome although it was there well before Peter arrived. SAINT PETER We were in previews out of town, man. MATT And once he was in Rome, Peter didn't serve as any kind of bishop or leader. SAINT PETER It was casual. Why you doggin' me, Boo? MATT Saint Sixtus, the seventh Pope, was the first Pope known to be the son of a Priest.
    [Show full text]
  • SELECTING a NEW POPE Time to Choose the College of Cardinals Is to Meet Today to Begin Selecting a New Pope
    MN_A_8_A8_LA_1_04-18-05_mo_1_CMYK 2005:04:17:21:37:53_abrown A8 MONDAY, APRIL 18, 2005 LOS ANGELES TIMES THE WORLD SELECTING A NEW POPE Time to choose The College of Cardinals is to meet today to begin selecting a new pope. After a security check of the Sistine Chapel to ensure that the deliberations remain secret, and the cardinals take an oath not to reveal anything of the proceedings, they will begin their work. The conclave could last several days, or extend almost two weeks. Deciding factors Inside the Sistine Chapel The cardinals will weigh various traits of papal candidates and issues, including: The chapel was built between 1475 and 1481, during the time of Pope Sixtus IV. ■■■■Leadership style Linguistic ability Radical or moderate leanings Whether to return the papacy to an Italian ■■■■Ecumenism and how to increase The shift from Catholicism to Effect of globalization, especially Autonomy for local dioceses dialogue with other religions, evangelical Protestant faiths, in developing countries especially Islam especially in Latin America The electorate Detailed Almost all of the 115 cardinals expected to vote in this conclave were appointed by Pope John Paul II. About half are from Europe. Cardinals, by region of origin Europe 58 Stoves Latin America 20 North America 14 (U.S. 11) Michelangelo’s “The Last Africa 11 Asia 10 Oceania 2 Judgment” The conclave Here’s how the process of choosing a new pope will unfold: Entrance to “Room of Tears” Scrutineers 5 3 4 Urns 6 1 2 I The voting The rectangular ballot bears the words “Eligo in Summum Pontificem” (I elect as supreme pontiff) with space at the bottom for the elector’s choice.
    [Show full text]
  • St. John – St. Paul Catholic Collaborative
    St. John - St. Paul Collaborative Pentecost Sunday May 20, 2018 Mass Schedules Saint John the Evangelist Saint Paul Daily Mass 7:00am Daily Mass 9:00am Saturday Vigil Mass 5:00pm Saturday Vigil Mass 4:00pm Sunday Masses 7:30am Sunday Masses 7:30am 9:00am 9:00am 11:00am 11:00am 5:00pm Confession: Saturday 3:30 - 4:00pm Confession: Saturday 3:00 - 3:45pm (or by appointment) in the Chapel (or by appointment) www.sjspwellesley.org Serving Wellesley - Newton ST. JOHN - ST. PAUL COLLABORATIVE OUR COLLABORATIVE SJSP Collaborative Pastoral Council Sacramental and Devotional Services Carolyn Anderson (SJ) Jerry Kehoe (SJ) Anointing of the Sick: First Saturday, following the Jon Bonsall (SJ) Mary Mullen (SJ) 4:00pm Mass at St. Paul and the 5:00pm Mass at Leah Cinelli (SP) Edward Ryan (SP) St. John • Baptism: 1st & 3rd Sundays of the month at Rose Mary Donahue (SJ) Doug Smith (SP) St. Paul and the 2nd & 4th Sundays of the month at Mary Kay Heath (SP) Thomas Ulfelder (SP) St. John • Funeral: Contact the Parish • Marriage: Arrange six months prior • Confession: Saturdays, 3:00 to 3:45pm at St. Paul and 3:30pm at St. John in the Email: [email protected] Chapel (or by appointment) Collaborative Staff Collaborative Staff can be reached by calling the main number of either Parish Office - see below. Pastor Technology and Communications SP Religious Education Rev. James Laughlin Tricia Amend Bombara Kathy Curley, Grades 1-10 [email protected] [email protected] Donna Tosti, Administrative Assistant [email protected] Parochial Vicar SP Parish Secretary Rev.
    [Show full text]
  • St. Celestine Feast: May 19
    St. Celestine Feast: May 19 When the father of this Italian saint died, his good mother brought up her twelve children well, even though they were very poor. "Oh, if I could only have the joy of seeing one of you become a saint!" she use to say. Once when she asked as usual, "which one of you is going to become a saint?" little Peter (who was to become Pope Celestine) answered with all his heart, "Me, mama! I'll become a saint!" And he did. When he was twenty, Peter became a hermit and spent his days praying and reading the Holy Bible. If he was not praying or reading, he would copy books or do some hard work so that the devil would not find him doing nothing, and tempt him. Because other hermits kept coming to him and begging him to guide them, he started a new Order. Peter was an old monk, eighty-four years of age when he was made Pope. It came about in a very unusual way. For two years, there had been no Pope, because the Cardinals could not decide whom to choose. St. Peter sent them a message to decide quickly, for God was not pleased at the long delay. Then and there, they chose the holy old hermit himself! Poor Peter wept when he heard the news, but he sorrowfully accepted and took the name Celestine V. He was Pope only about five months. Because he was so humble and simple, everyone took advantage of him. He could not say "no" to anyone, and soon matters were in great confusion.
    [Show full text]
  • Clothing As Communication? Vestments and Views of the Papacy C.1300
    UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Previously Published Works Title Clothing as communication? Vestments and views of the papacy c.1300 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1mz5d08f Journal Journal of Medieval History, 44(3) ISSN 0304-4181 Author Miller, MC Publication Date 2018-05-27 DOI 10.1080/03044181.2018.1467581 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ 4.0 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Journal of Medieval History ISSN: 0304-4181 (Print) 1873-1279 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rmed20 Clothing as communication? Vestments and views of the papacy c.1300 Maureen C. Miller To cite this article: Maureen C. Miller (2018) Clothing as communication? Vestments and views of the papacy c.1300, Journal of Medieval History, 44:3, 280-293 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/03044181.2018.1467581 Published online: 01 Aug 2018. Submit your article to this journal View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=rmed20 JOURNAL OF MEDIEVAL HISTORY 2018, VOL. 44, NO. 3, 280–293 https://doi.org/10.1080/03044181.2018.1467581 Clothing as communication? Vestments and views of the papacy c.1300 Maureen C. Miller Department of History, University of California, Berkeley, USA ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY This essay argues that Pope Boniface VIII (1294–1303) used clothing Received 1 February 2018 in a highly intentional and performative manner to communicate his Accepted 28 February 2018 status and authority. His audience, however, was quite limited – KEYWORDS essentially, the small community of those who aspired to hold or fl – Clothing; liturgical in uence the power of the Holy See and the messages vestments; Boniface VIII; conveyed were not particularly complex.
    [Show full text]
  • Homily Trinity Sunday
    Homily Dt 4: 32-34, 39-40 Ps 33: 4-5, 6, 9, 18-19, 20, 22 Trinity Sunday – B Rm 8: 14-17 Rev. Peter G. Jankowski Mt 28: 16-20 May 29-30, 2021 Adapted from the first homily I preached as a priest twenty-five years ago (June 2, 1996). This homily is somewhat poignant to me because this is the first time I preached a homily as a Catholic priest on June 2, 1996. The day before, I was ordained a priest in the diocese of Joliet in a class of three; of the three individuals that were ordained, I am a lone survivor. I certainly am not the best of the three, certainly not the most intelligent, but I have persevered despite a lot of the hardships. (If you want to hear about some of those hardships, go back to the homily I preached last year on the 23rd Sunday in Ordinary Time, where I listed the struggles that I’ve had during my ministry). The year when I was ordained, I received the letters from students at Saint Isidore’s Catholic Church in Bloomingdale, Illinois. A group of eighth graders wrote these letters to me of support in preparation for what I was about to do. I began my homily in 1996 by reading portions of letters the students wrote. Three of the letters were addressed as follows: “Dear Deacon Pete: I am very happy for you on becoming a priest. Congratulations and good job. I am sure that you are glad to get out of school… I am also graduating from the eighth grade and I think I feel the same way.” (P.
    [Show full text]
  • Session 21: Tenth Century & Final Separation – Content
    Eastern Popes excluded Schism of Cyril & Athanasios Empire in East Pope Leo IX Photius Methodius Marozia the Athonite expands 1009 1049-1054 858 868 890-936 943 961-1000 860 882 900-1000 909 957 967 ~1049 1054 Rus attack Pope John VIIIDevelopments in Cluny Olga visits Prince Bishop Final Constantinople murdered the Church Constantinople Vladimir Nicetas separation SESSION 21: TENTH CENTURY & FINAL SEPARATION – CONTENT 1. Following the death of Charlemagne the Western Empire began to disintegrate into feudalism of the Middle (Dark) Ages while dealing with Viking (Norse) invasions. In contrast, the Eastern Empire experienced political stability under the Macedonian dynasty and expanded by retaking Crete, Cyprus, Syria and Antioch from the muslims, and by absorbing Armenia and Bulgaria. 2. First, back to 858 and a conflict between Pope Nicholas I (858-867) and Patriarch Photius of Constantinople, called the Schism of Photius. Eastern Emperor Michael III had deposed Patriarch Ignatius in favor of the scholar Photius. Ignatius appealed to Pope Nicholas who sent a delegation to Constantinople to negotiate the restoration of papal jurisdiction over churches in Southern Italy and on the Northern frontier. (Recall that when an earlier pope had refused Justinian II’s command to recognize iconoclasm, Justinian took Roman churches in Southern Italy and on the frontier.) And by now Eastern missionaries to Bulgaria had learned of the West’s addition of the filioque to the Nicene Creed. Photius refused to negotiate and Nicholas excommunicated him. In response in 862 Photius raised the issue of the filioque and pronounced anathema on Nicholas. The schism was short-lived because Basil I succeeded Emperor Michael by killing him, whereupon he reinstated Patriarch Ignatius.
    [Show full text]
  • Ignazio Silone's the Story of a Humble Christian
    religions Article Redeeming the Age in Which We Live: Ignazio Silone’s The Story of a Humble Christian Kimberly Rae Connor School of Management, University of San Francisco, 2130 Fulton Street, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA; [email protected] Received: 15 July 2019; Accepted: 20 August 2019; Published: 22 August 2019 Abstract: This essay explores Ignazio Silone’s seldom considered book, “The Story of a Humble Christian.” Part memoir, history, and theatre, this book tells the story of Pope Celestine V, the first, and until Benedict XVI, the only pope to resign. The book lends itself to an interpretation that applies a consideration of Silone’s recently revealed and complicated biography with a reflection on the current occupant of the papacy, Pope Francis, as a way to articulate how flawed humans can experience transcendent and transformative possibilities when they lead with humility. Keywords: Ignazio Silone; humility; Celestine V; Pope Francis; leadership; organizational behavior; transcendence; identity “I would have liked to spend my life writing and rewriting the same story, in the hope of understanding it at least, and of making it understood by others” —Ignacio Silone The Story of a Humble Christian The story Ignacio Silone tried to understand and to have understood was “the fate of a certain type of man, how a certain type of Christian fits into the machinery of the world” (Silone 1970, p. 12). Although needing to rewrite implies failure, in Silone’s formulation, the failure, while his, is not his alone. Failing to fit a humble Christian in to the machinery of the world is characteristic of human organizations built by flawed individuals.
    [Show full text]
  • Polarization and Conflict in the Papal States
    DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES IZA DP No. 12911 Habemus Papam? Polarization and Conflict in the Papal States Francisco J. Pino Jordi Vidal-Robert JANUARY 2020 DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES IZA DP No. 12911 Habemus Papam? Polarization and Conflict in the Papal States Francisco J. Pino University of Chile and IZA Jordi Vidal-Robert University of Sydney and CAGE JANUARY 2020 Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but IZA takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The IZA Institute of Labor Economics is an independent economic research institute that conducts research in labor economics and offers evidence-based policy advice on labor market issues. Supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation, IZA runs the world’s largest network of economists, whose research aims to provide answers to the global labor market challenges of our time. Our key objective is to build bridges between academic research, policymakers and society. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. ISSN: 2365-9793 IZA – Institute of Labor Economics Schaumburg-Lippe-Straße 5–9 Phone: +49-228-3894-0 53113 Bonn, Germany Email: [email protected] www.iza.org IZA DP No. 12911 JANUARY 2020 ABSTRACT Habemus Papam? Polarization and Conflict in the Papal States* We study the effect of divisions within the elite on the probability of internal conflict in the Papal States between 1295 and 1846.
    [Show full text]
  • The Family Tree of Christianity Session 5: the Protestant Reformation (1300 – 1700)
    The Family Tree of Christianity Session 5: The Protestant Reformation (1300 – 1700) Review of Session 4 Iconoclast Controversy in East (717-842) Popes supported rise of Carolingian dynasty: Franks 800: Charlemagne crowned as “Emperor” by Pope Photian Schism (867-879) Constantinople IV (869): the 8th Ecumenical Council Charlemagne’s empire crumbled after his death in 814 Europe invaded by Vikings, Magyars, Muslims: “Dark Ages” 9th century: spread of Slavic peoples into Eastern Europe 863: Cyril & Methodius (Byzantines) begin to evangelize Slavs 1054: the Great Eastern Schism Roman Catholicism in the West and Orthodoxy in the East Gregorian Reform of papacy & Church Pope Gregory VII (1073-85) clashes with HRE Henry IV Battle over lay investiture: appointment of bishops The Crusades: several between 1100 and 1300 1094: Byzantine Emperor appeals to Pope Urban II for help Complete remission of sins for death in battle: “indulgence” Siege of Jerusalem (1099): defenders & civilians were massacred 1204: the debacle of the 4th Crusade Exacerbated East-West tensions beyond healing Revival in the West: High Middle Ages (1100-1300) Growth of cities: result of increased commerce Great Gothic cathedrals become urban centers Rise of mendicant (“begging”) orders Preaching and living the gospel in the world of the city Franciscans and Dominicans First universities: Paris, Oxford, Bologna Scholastic integration of Greek learning & Christian theology 3rd Lateran Council (1179): 2/3’s majority for papal elections Pope Innocent III (1198-1216) The greatest
    [Show full text]