COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

VISION “To become the department of national relevance in the field of Computer Engineering” MISSION To nurture students with sound engineering knowledge in the field of computing through effective use of modern tools with a focus on global employability by imbibing leadership qualities, ethical attitude, lifelong learning and social sensitivity. PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)

Students of BE Programme in Computer Engineering will be able to:

PEO 1: Atain Sound Engineering knowledge and use of modern tools effectively to solve real life problems (KNOWLEDGE)

PEO 2: Atain need based skills and life long learning to ensure global employability (SKILL)

PEO 3: Become successful professionals and responsible citizens with good leadership qualities and strong ethical values (PROFESSIONALISM) PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs) PO 1: ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE: Apply Knowledge of Mathematics, Science, engineering fundamentals and an engineering specializationto the solution of complex engineering problems.

PO 2: PROBLEM ANALYSIS: Identiy, Formulate, Research Literature and Analyze Complex engineering problems reaching substantited conclusions using rst principles of mathemamatics, natural sciences and engineering sciences.

PO 3: DESIGN / DEVELOPMENT OF SOLUTIONS: Design solutionsfor complex engineering problems and design system components or processes that meet specified needs with appropriate consideration for public health and safety, cultural, societal and environmental considerations.

PO 4: CONDUCT INVESTIGATIONS OF COMPLEX PROBLEMS: Using research based knowledge and research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data and synthesis of information to provide valid conclusions

PO 5: MODERN TOOL USAGE: Create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources and modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modelling to complex engineering activities with an understanding of limitations. PO 6: THE ENGINEER AND SOCIETY: Apply reasoning informed by contextual knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to professional engineering practice.

PO 7: ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY: Understand the impact of professional engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts and demonstrate knowledge of and need for sustainable development.

PO 8: ETHICS: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of engineering practices.

PO 9: INDIVIDUAL AND TEAM WORK: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member of leader in diverse teams and in multi-disciplinary settings.

PO 10: COMMUNICATION: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the engineering community and with society at large, such as being able to comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations and give and receive clear instructions.

PO 11: LIFE-LONG LEARNING: Recognize the need for and have the preparation and ability to engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.

PO 12: PROJECT MANAGEMENT & FINANCE: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of engineering and management and leaders in a team to manage projects and in multi-disciplinary environments.

PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSO) PSO 1: Develop academic aptitude and apply knowledge of computing and mathematics to computer science problems and thereby design and develop Software and Hardware Systems.

PSO 2: Enhance research skills and utilize advanced computing tools for analysis, design and implementation of computing systems for resolving real life / social problems.

PSO 3: Utilize multi-disciplinary knowledge required for satisfying industry / global requirements and hence develop an attitude for life long learning.

PSO 4: Have all round personality with skills like leadership, verbal and written communication, team work, sensitivity towards society in order to become valued and responsible professionals.

CONTENT

Student Articles

Ÿ A tech node to fight future pandemics (pandemic safe network) Ÿ Adaptive intelligent tutoring systems (AITS) Ÿ Advancements in sports during coronavirus outbreak Ÿ Are indian schools ready for transition to online mode of teaching? Ÿ Career opportunities after engineering in post-covid world Ÿ Changes in lifestyle during covid-19 pandemic Ÿ The covid-19 pandemic: mental illness and physical curse Ÿ Covid 19- an insight into our mis-constructed societies Ÿ Covid-19: a blessing in disguise for india Ÿ Covtech: accelerating a future based on technology Ÿ Digital switch during pandemic Ÿ Digitalized education - effects of a pandemic Ÿ E-learning during covid-19 pandemic Ÿ Covid-19 makes 2020: a year of uncertainty for the world economy Ÿ Education system's big shift from classrooms to computers Ÿ Educational platforms during pandemics Ÿ Impact of coronavirus outbreak on technology-driven companies Ÿ Exams and pandemics - correlation or outcome Ÿ Explored: cybersecurity and hacking Ÿ Facial recognition technology from an ethical standpoint Ÿ Fintech in the age of a pandemic Ÿ Gradient descent for deep learning models Ÿ How blockchain technology enabled humanity to fight the pandemic? Ÿ How pandemics end Ÿ How pandemics has changed our lives Ÿ How tech enabled humanity to face covid-19 pandemic Ÿ How technology has helped fight coronavirus Ÿ Impact of lockdown due to covid-19 outbreak Ÿ Impact of social media during covid-19 Ÿ Imperativeness of change in education Ÿ Importance of mental health in a student's life Ÿ Rise of metaverse in the post-pandemic world Ÿ Neuralink - brain machine integration Ÿ Adaptation of cloud computing pre and post covid-19 Ÿ Opportunities for innovation in a crisis Ÿ Pandemics – a radical awakening Ÿ Personal cybersecurity in the time of a pandemic Ÿ Rise of digital payments during covid19 Ÿ Sentiment analysis using nlp Ÿ Transformations in the educational sector after the pandemic Ÿ The shift to the digital campus after the pandemic Ÿ Transformation in the educational sector after the pandemic Ÿ Use of technology to combat covid-19 Ÿ Web scraping covid-19 cases across the globe Ÿ Wwci2020

Faculty Articles

Ÿ Transformations and changes in Lifestyle : Non Action Meditation-A source of Bliss Ÿ Every coin has two side “is it lock down or no lock down” Ÿ AI and DS Job Apportunities Ÿ Adaptation of cloud computing pre and post covid-19 Interview

Ÿ Effect of Technology on IT sector during Covid-19 Pandemic

S A Tech Node to Fight Future T Pandemics U

“Building a Tech Node to Help scenario, we are all on the same Understand the Situation Better & side. Plan for the Future Pandemic. i.e. Any country can work together to 'Pandemic Safe Network' is designed research the disease and develop a to give a dashboard of more than 20 tech node to fight it. I see worldwide D web applications that can link innovation as the key to controlling hospitals, temporary isolation points, the damage. This includes medical resources, essential items, innovations in every aspect we need volunteers, others.” to fight the pandemic like to control Recent pandemic COVID-19 the spread while minimizing the outbreaks have cast a glim light on effects on economies and well-being. the quality of primary health care in We can build a tech node which current times. COVID-19 will not be consists of more than 20 web E the last pandemic in our enormously application under a single system interrelated world, and sadly it can't dashboard to be prepared for the be the worst. Two extremely different future pandemic and whenever any feasible futures are available to us; crisis occurs, we don't have to be one in which we freely roaming clueless, just implement the around without fear as we have used strategies and web applications that too, and one where humanity is we have already prepared. In this taking the precaution, necessary and way, we can properly manage future N hard steps to protect itself. As we pandemic and crises that can occur saw the current situation when and also save thousands of people's pandemic like COVID-19 occurs, lives by being already prepared for it. every country in the world has no There has been not a single answer about how to handle it. The research paper on this topic in the COVID-19 pandemic puts all of last 20 years. Nobody has taken this humanity against the virus. The topic as seriously as it should be, but damage done by this pandemic to by developing this type of tech node T wealth, health, and human being so we can save thousands of people's far have been enormous. This is a lives. kind of world war, except in this The prime example of the need for this tech node is the current scenario of Each developer can work on a single global pandemic COVID-19. After so node of this Pandemic Safe Network and many months we still don't have proper at last, we can integrate them into one answers about how to handle this crisis. tech node, Various services like a hospital bed, Pandemic Safe Network can be used in transport, ventilators, PPE kit, essential various areas to battle with future items, have to work collectively, and have pandemic: a proper record of everything, so that, we 1. Surveillance & Analysis: With an can efficiently manage the increase and already developed node, it is efficient to decrease of items according to the need. track and analyze the growth of We can describe "Pandemic Safe pandemic. It can give statistical data Network", a high-performance computing- about in which region it is growing fast based web application to handle the and accordingly, we can take epidemiology of infectious diseases. This precautions. system can handle transmitted infectious 2. Vaccine Research: This is the most diseases such as coronavirus, Asian flu, important aspect to battle any pandemic, Spanish flu, "Pandemic Safe Network" is if medical practitioners go by the comprised of following principal traditional ways then it can take years to components: (i) a web application that research vaccines. But, with the help of serves as the dashboard user-interface, technology like AI, ML we can get a (ii) a middleware that interconnects user vaccination for any pandemic in a much interaction through a web app with faster way. backend models and databases, (iii) a 3. Robots as a cleaner: Robots can be backend computational structure used to clean hospitals and do some framework that consists of highly basic stuff to avoid any medical staff from resolved pandemic simulation combined getting infected. with real control strategies that contain 4. Guideline's Recognition: CCTV medical as well as non-medical cameras can be installed at public places interventions and (iv) a back end like hospitals, stations, streets to detect database management framework that people are wearing masks or not, or in manages a composite unstructured and general following guidelines or not. semi-structured database. 5. Smart Imaging: People traveling back When a new pandemic hit the world, the to their native place, stations, and very first question that comes to transportation junctions have become a everybody's mind is if there's a drug to major threat to outbreak prevention. One treat it or a vaccine to intercept it. The of the main symptoms of this type of virus world is currently desperate to find any and flu is temperature. Taking ways to steady the spread of the novel temperatures manually can cause the coronavirus and to find a successful risk of exposure to the virus. Smart treatment. Technology helps us to make Imaging can match detected persons with the process faster. AI & ML is playing a normal temperature without asking that very important role in proposing person to take off their masks or any components of a vaccine by accessories. understanding amplifying protein With that Robots as Nurse, X-Ray structures and helping AI & ML Analysis, Chatbot Assistant can be used researchers scour tens of heaps of for public awareness, Infer vision applicable research papers at an scanner, online shopping with drones, unprecedented pace. Groups at the Allen identification and forecast of the Institute for ML, Google DeepMind have outbreak, digital and contactless created ML utilities, open-source data payment, telehealth can be added in sets, and research results. AI Can Help Pandemic Safe Network. Scientists Find a Pandemic Vaccine. These nodes highlight the potential use of technology, and the outcomes are starting to show potential. I hope it doesn't happen again but, if the next pandemic potentially happens, it is imperative to continue aspiring these tech evaluations to ascertain which nodes can be successfully used in the next outbreak. Technology will not stop the pandemic alone but, as specified above, it can be an efficient force multiplier that can be anchorage to aid in the detection and treatment of the next pandemic. We must carry on with pushing ahead with these assessments, holding war games to prove which perspective is the most fortunate if we are to avert these mass spread casualties in the future.

Arif Chaudhary, SE COMP B S Adaptive Intelligent Tutoring T Systems (AITS) U

The global pandemic COVID-19 has their strengths and weaknesses even stood up as a challenge against the when they are not in the classroom. world and has drastically affected the This system is not like an online educational community worldwide. course where content is something With millions of students now being that is predefined rather it's an online D forced to stay at their homes, it tutor driven by Artificial Intelligence becomes essential to find out the which can assess student strengths possible sources to ensure that and weaknesses and deliver education reaches the students in personalized individual instruction. the best possible manner. But the Today, however, educational question is how do we do that? An E- institutions are compelled to consider learning system has come up as an the most effective ways to teach alternative for educational institutions students at home — and it means E and students to learn sitting at their this COVID-19 pandemic may open homes with online courses available the door to new ideas and new on the internet. But another question technologies that will endure in the arises is that whether this practice classroom after the disaster would really be successful? subsides. And in such a situation The online courses are just the Adaptive Intelligent Tutoring lecture notes or the recorded videos Systems have the power to help which have been collectively put students excel and get succeed. N together under a banner of a name AITS is conceptual which is a but it does not actually train the combination of ITS i.e. Intelligent students which usually occurs inside Tutoring System and AH i.e. Adaptive the classroom. Hence there is a Hypermedia. It includes built-in need for some improved solution. expert systems that focus on One possible solution could be monitoring the performance of a moving towards the systems such as learner to personalize instructions on Adaptive Intelligent Tutoring Systems the basis of adaptation to learners T (AITS). AITS is described as an learning style, current knowledge emerging support system that level, and appropriate teaching engages students and evaluates strategies in E-Learning systems. However, on the other hand, Adaptive their knowledge, skills, and expertise. Hypermedia systems (AH) provide Based on the learner model developed, it instructions in skills and it is generally can decide instructional strategies, in less advanced than comparable ITS terms of both the content and style, and instructions. E-learning systems are web- provides relevant explanations, hints, based accessible materials so that examples, demonstrations, and practice learners can access online courses problems to the individual learner. anywhere and anytime via the Internet In order to do so an ITS model comprises but without adaptation based on learners' of the following modules: behavior. Therefore, it is required to make 1. An Expert Model E-Learning systems to be more Expert Model is a computer “adaptive”. Both ITS and AH are used in representation of a domain expert's computer-based instruction. However, subject knowledge and problem-solving adaptive hypermedia is better suited for ability (procedural knowledge). This the instruction of concepts whereas in the knowledge helps it to compare the case of an intelligent tutoring system it learner's actions and selections with generally assists in the use of these those of an expert in order to figure out concepts to solve problems. Therefore, in what does a learner knows or does not general, an instruction system requires know already. both of these instructional approaches in 2. A Learner Model order to provide a full learning Learner Model is a model for the level of environment. Hence AITS is a learner's knowledge while he/she combinational approach including both interacts with the tutoring system. This ITS and AH for E-learning systems that model determines each learner's allows knowledge to be stored in such a performance from his/her behavior during way that is not only independent of the their interaction with the tutoring system knowledge domain but also supports the which further helps to figure out his or her storage of transfer knowledge knowledge, perceptual abilities, and relationships and prerequisite knowledge reasoning skills. This model will be used relationships. to provide a number of relevant Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS): instructions to individual learners. Normally, an online education system just 3. An Instructional Model uses traditional instructional methods by Instructional Model helps to decide the providing instruction to learners without instructional tactics to be used. It highly thinking of a model concerned with the depends upon the diagnostic processes learner's knowledge. Hence these of the learner model for making decisions instructions sometimes cannot assist about what, when, and how to present learners at his individual level. On the information to a leaner. For example, if a contrary an ITS system assesses each learner is evaluated as a beginner by the learner's actions and develops a model of ITS system in a particular procedure, this model will show some step-by-step demonstrations of the procedure before it asks the user to perform the procedure on his/her own. 4. An Interface Model The Interface Model acts as a communication medium and a learning environment that can support learners in his task. It can be seen as an external representation of the expert model and instructional model. It is very convenient for the learners, who need to practice and learn at their own pace. Adaptive Hypermedia (AH): behavior of the user. This adaptation can Normally, Hypermedia serves the be studied as an adaptive presentation purpose of suggesting the same set of and adaptive navigation support. resources to all the learners or users. Adaptive Presentation means to adapt However, Adaptive Hypermedia the content of a hypermedia page to the combines Hypermedia with User user's knowledge, goals, and other Modelling. The content further which is information stored in the user model. Two provided by the system is adapted based typical cases of Adaptive Presentation in on the user's knowledge, goals, and the area of education are comparative preferences by maintaining a model of explanations and explanation variants. the user. In the context of educational Adaptive Navigation support is to provide hypermedia, the resources provided or help to users in order to find their paths suggested to the learner for the study in hyperspace by adapting link would be determined by the learner's presentation to the knowledge, goals, existing knowledge on the subject matter. and other characteristics of an individual Adaptive Hypermedia creates a model user. based on existing knowledge, Adaptive Intelligent Tutorials Systems preferences and goals of individual (AITS): users, and further uses this model for the AITS is a combination of ITS with AH into interaction with the user, in order to adapt the section of an expert model of ITS the hypertext to the needs of that user. which consists of Adaptive Presentation For example, for providing a presentation and Adaptive Navigation Support. To to a learner in an adaptive educational make it's more general so that it can be hypermedia system, it will be adapted used in other domains, the ITS needs to specifically to learner's knowledge about be designed and implemented so that it the subject matter, and accordingly, a can support modification in the lecture suggested set of most relevant links will content, the decision rules and the fact be provided. base of the expert model, and the The model used for adaptation is methods through which performance of developed after gathering information on learning can be improved. The expert the pattern observed during the use of model depicts how information about a the application by the user and also learner along with a knowledge particularly observing the browsing repository is used by the expert model to identify the best possible teaching strategy with the most appropriate content for a given learner. The expert model then accordingly identifies the manner for what should be learned next by comparing the contents of a given course with the current knowledge of the learner. Using the prerequisite relationship between different topics, the system identifies a set of recommended lectures and depending on the learning style either present one of them or asks the learner to select one.The above figure shows the architecture for AITS in the E-learning system which is essentially different from the learning strategies developed using ITS and AH individually. However in AITS, wherein a combination of technologies i.e. ITS and AH have dynamically produced the most relevant resource or learning material from their knowledge bases and present it at the right time and in the right way to every individual learner. Therefore we can conclude that in order to ensure effective and personalized learning for every individual AITS can serve as an efficient E-learning system, wherein the combined use of the functionality of ITS and AH could produce adapted learning according to learner's style and knowledge.

Akash Singh, SE COMP B S ADVANCEMENTS IN SPORTS T DURING CORONAVIRUS U

Back in 2011,Mahendra Singh Dhoni's humongous strike in the Bringing fans to the stadium world cup final sent the whole nation into jubilance and broke Sri Lankan hearts at the same time. Pakistan If anyone told you in 2019 that we D was the 2nd worst affected nation(for could create a live atmosphere in the obvious reasons) after our triumph. stadium without the fans being But what made that six even more present, you would've considered it a iconic was the fact that the ball just nice joke. But Spain's top football disappeared into the sea of crowd at league(La Liga) has took virtual the Wankhede stadium. Not much reality to another level. With fanless has been heard about the winning stadiums, La Liga is one of the first ball ever since. That passion, vigor to bring virtual fans to its empty E and electrifying atmosphere, no seats. “The idea is to create a wonder sports without fans is sensation of 'normality' in the stands, unimaginable. more than create fake fans” ,said Yet, in today's scenario, it might be one of the officials. This augmented ages before we see a packed 'audience' is a static texture that stadium anywhere in the world. resembles a crowd. Although it only Corona Virus has completely works on the broadcast camera, changed the sporting world. these so called augmented N Practicing social distancing in a audiences are an exceptional stadium is equivalent of rolling an 8 substitute to real supporters. on a single dice. In other words, it's Moreover, these aren't shown impossible. Yet, Football (World's individually but just patches of color. most popular sport) was the one of Another interesting feature with this the first ones to make a comeback was the inception of crowd noises. with 'Empty stadiums' being the And German, English and Spanish talking point. We will look at how leagues have included the crowd T technology has helped the 'Beautiful noises in order to amplify the game' return back to the new normal footballing experience. BBC Sport's in today's world. Barbara Slater says that artificial

noises improve the enjoyment of football maintain social distancing, then there are fans watching games on TV or mobile very high chances that you are lying. device. The virtual crowd noise was a Being a contact sport, football demands success and many fans were impressed players to commit into those tackles, with the chants and reactions to major headers, and do everything within the events in the game which provided a rules to win the ball. gentle background hum. So every time a Let's look into how English clubs are goal is scored, get ready to cheer and dealing with this issue. All the clubs have celebrate alongside thousands of ardent mutually agreed and held talks with a supporters. sports techonology company called STATsports to help shape their training Broadcasting Industry sessions. It provides data on the As a sports fan, there is indeed no movement of players and are able to better place to experience a big game pinpoint how often players come in close than at the stadium. We go to a match contact with each other. STATsports wearing size 2 shoes and then we end up collects this data from the GPS vests that heading to the stadiums for the rest of a player wears during training. So if a lives. player has tested positive for Covid-19, Clearly, the experience is priceless. then clubs can use data from his vest and But looking at the corona virus pandemic, track every single player he has been in most events now on would be hosted contact with. These vests also monitor behind closed doors, which means no the overall physical fitness of a player live audience and a majority of viewing during each training session like heart will happen from home. This provides a rate, oxygen hence abnormal activity can huge impetus to broadcasting and video be easily detected and the player could production. Many big companies are immediately undergo the test for Covid- now looking at how they could enhance 19. the viewing experience via better apps and features such as 360-degree video. Manchester United recently put up a banner outside their stadium reading ' India's most popular event IPL was Football is nothing without fans'. I believe suspended due to Covid-19 pandemic. this applies to every single sport in the The broadcasting rights was sold to Star world. There is no escaping the reality Sports for over 16 crore rupees for 5 that the coming months are going to be years. Now if in future IPL returns, Star pretty difficult for all sports . But in these Sports must be looking at an tough times, we need to stick together unprecedented amount of profit because and soon there will be light at the end of television would be the primary option of the tunnel. And especially for you cricket watching the league. So buckle up as we fans, don't you worry. The time will come will be seeing a lot of innovation coming when we will get down at Churchgate in terms of virtual reality and augmented station rushing towards the Wankhede reality. Stadium in our blue colors. The Another instance is when, last year, when anticipation, constant roaring and the Tata Communications unveiled its 360- thunderous atmosphere would be an degree video technology to viewers , the experience we will never forget in our response was that it was way ahead of its lives. time. TEAM TRAINING TANUJ SHANKARWAR FE COMP B 63

However, on the other hand, Adaptive their knowledge, skills, and expertise. Hypermedia systems (AH) provide Based on the learner model developed, it instructions in skills and it is generally can decide instructional strategies, in less advanced than comparable ITS terms of both the content and style, and instructions. E-learning systems are web- provides relevant explanations, hints, based accessible materials so that examples, demonstrations, and practice learners can access online courses problems to the individual learner. anywhere and anytime via the Internet In order to do so an ITS model comprises but without adaptation based on learners' of the following modules: behavior. Therefore, it is required to make 1. An Expert Model E-Learning systems to be more Expert Model is a computer “adaptive”. Both ITS and AH are used in representation of a domain expert's computer-based instruction. However, subject knowledge and problem-solving adaptive hypermedia is better suited for ability (procedural knowledge). This the instruction of concepts whereas in the knowledge helps it to compare the case of an intelligent tutoring system it learner's actions and selections with generally assists in the use of these those of an expert in order to figure out concepts to solve problems. Therefore, in what does a learner knows or does not general, an instruction system requires know already. both of these instructional approaches in 2. A Learner Model order to provide a full learning Learner Model is a model for the level of environment. Hence AITS is a learner's knowledge while he/she combinational approach including both interacts with the tutoring system. This ITS and AH for E-learning systems that model determines each learner's allows knowledge to be stored in such a performance from his/her behavior during way that is not only independent of the their interaction with the tutoring system knowledge domain but also supports the which further helps to figure out his or her storage of transfer knowledge knowledge, perceptual abilities, and relationships and prerequisite knowledge reasoning skills. This model will be used relationships. to provide a number of relevant Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS): instructions to individual learners. Normally, an online education system just 3. An Instructional Model uses traditional instructional methods by Instructional Model helps to decide the providing instruction to learners without instructional tactics to be used. It highly thinking of a model concerned with the depends upon the diagnostic processes learner's knowledge. Hence these of the learner model for making decisions instructions sometimes cannot assist about what, when, and how to present learners at his individual level. On the information to a leaner. For example, if a contrary an ITS system assesses each learner is evaluated as a beginner by the learner's actions and develops a model of ITS system in a particular procedure, this model will show some step-by-step demonstrations of the procedure before it asks the user to perform the procedure on his/her own. 4. An Interface Model The Interface Model acts as a communication medium and a learning environment that can support learners in his task. It can be seen as an external representation of the expert model and instructional model. It is very convenient for the learners, who need to practice and If you tell your mom that you are going to learn at their own pace. play football and promise her that you'd S Are Indian schools ready for transition to online mode of T teaching? U

The year 2020 surely is a cursed the biggest victims. They were not one. The current pandemic situation familiar with the concept of e- has created a huge effect on learning as much as the college everyone and people are going going students. They took time to get through a lot. The death rates, familiar with the apps, pdfs and increased cases, shrinkage in screens. School spoon-feeds their D economy, loss in businesses, the children in each and every task and cyclone 'Nisarga', the suicides, the therefore it became difficult for them India-China Face-off, Threat on the to multitask on computer. border and many more issues lead us in the process of thinking what The ultimate challenge was when has happened to the world. To which, children were having habit of an immediate answer reverts back in blackboard and all of a sudden, they our mind that this is not a sudden have to attend a class online on an E reaction we have received, it has app that they have never even heard been built up from years and years. of. A huge shift from blackboard to Due to lockdown declared by screen made them anxious. The Government officials, a digital life teacher has to take 10-15 minutes in has come into existence. Many office giving instructions every time before works are replaced by work from the meeting is conducted which home and Education of respected further wastes the crucial time classes have also started. Since, needed for making them understand N there is higher possibility of case the subject. Another challenge faced increment due to contact, it is by kids is that they have the habit of suggested to start the academic year textbook in their hand and not pdfs. of 2020-21 via online teaching. Now, They took time to deal with pdfs and when online teaching has started, a even now many of them prefer lot of people were facing issues of textbooks over pdfs. According to a internet connectivity issues. This has survey conducted in Italy on not only affected the college students psychological effect, it is found that T but also the children of primary and the children became more irritable secondary education. Children are and anxious due to online learning. On the contrary, kids have been also various hackers across the world got an affected physically more than easy target. Thus, to keep the data of psychologically. The screen made their selves secure, an initiative must be taken eyes sore; the headphones can harm into account from various organizations their hearing sense in several ways, to work on the security. A school have sitting in a single position for 2-3 hours already opted for Microsoft's Office 365 can be more difficult for them as there are Suites and Microsoft teams for classes no physical activities been done due to along with TCS iON for uploading lockdown. They are also less interested assignments and worksheets. In addition, when they are studying in their rooms they have created unique IDs for every than in classroom. The environment student for the online classes by using given through classroom learning cannot Office365 IDs provided by their school. be achieved from e-learning. This provides a completely secured access for every student for the Online Along with the children, teachers are and Virtual Classes. facing a lot of issues too. Maintaining a count of students along with teaching India has a lot of work to do in this matter, them simultaneously must be a tedious especially post COVID-19 as now more job. Teacher's job includes the homework children are accessing internet without maintenance, the attendance the enabling infrastructure. It is high time maintenance, the problem and doubt we have a dedicated law to protect solving of all the children which is children from online content. Unless we definitely much tougher with e-learning have a holistic law, it will have a than with the traditional method. detrimental impact. For this, you need to understand the rights of the children in Apart from the issues and challenges the online space and responsibilities faced, there is also a positive impact of each stakeholder will have including technology during the lockdown that in parents and intermediaries. The current spite of the situation, learning did not situation is giving us an opportunity to re- stop. Students are learning sitting at their evaluate what we want. places along with all the necessary supplies as a part of which everybody is -Srishti Singh safe sitting at their places too. TE-COMP-B

E-learning would be effective when everyone is able to access the benefit provided by that. According to UK based charity street child survey, it is found that over 50% of children in Asia and Africa cannot participate in e-learning. An alternative should be provided to those who are not able to learn during this lockdown period so that the basic idea behind e-learning can be successful in every other way. Since, many migrants have been to their remote areas where network issue is really a problem, an alternate way should definitely be provided to make distance learning successful. Along with e-learning, there comes a major issue, 'security'. Due to the overnight success of 'zoom' app, S Career Opportunities after T Engineering in Post-COVID U

What should I do after completing my majority of them. One needs to know engineering? How does the industry the rundown of all professional work? Will I get placed in my dream alternatives in the wake of designing company? What amount would I get to choose the correct one. This paid? What are the diverse article will talk about the various D vocational open doors for me? career opportunities after Furthermore, a lot more inquiries and engineering and how one can take a contemplations are a reason for step to approach these. wonder in an engineer's mind. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted 1. Campus Placement: every industry dynamically and It is one of the most loved options for engineers after their professional alternatives after graduation have changed as well. engineering for most of the E engineering students. You can So by what means would it be a decide to get an engineering job good idea for you to pick the ideal through campus placements. career option for you? Engineering is campus placements can assist you a wide branch of science and there with finding a lucrative line of work are various vocation alternatives even before you get your degree. rising day by day which an engineer should be aware of along with the Campus placements can be N competition in this huge field of worthwhile. The quantity of bids for science. As AICTE evaluates around employment worth more than one 1.5 million engineering students crore has expanded extensively in graduate each year and a large the previous few years. It's an number of these engineering extraordinary method to begin your graduates select higher career. Partaking in extracurricular examinations. Picking the correct exercises will help you in displaying option can be a real headache for your soft skills (such as leadership, T some students. The world is loaded communication, creativity) as well with opportunities. What's more, you which will eventually help you with probably won't know about the vast your placements. 2. Higher Studies: 4. Civil Services: One of the most famous vocation In the event that you try to serve the alternatives subsequent to engineering is country and make a mark in the to seek after further examinations. On the framework, you can decide on the civil off chance that you're a B.Tech or B.E. services also. It is presumably one of the graduate, at that point, you can plan for most loved profession alternatives after the GATE test. your B.Tech of your parents and relatives. GATE (Graduate Aptitude Test in Civil services are among the most sultry Engineering) is a test that tests the profession alternatives. To enter the civil thorough comprehension of services, you'll have to crack the UPSC undergraduate engineering subjects. civil services test, which is probably the With an incredible GATE score, you can hardest assessment on the planet. enter esteemed engineering universities Specialists suggest getting ready for at (IITs and NITs) for M.Tech. M.Tech is one any rate a year prior to applying. of the favored courses subsequent to engineering. You can enter academics Around 1 million students give this exam and research in your field of engineering. every year, and only a few thousand get It is one of the best career options after selected. If you can get a high rank, you engineering. can get the prestigious post of IAS, IPS, You can also prepare for the GRE test. or IFS, as well. It's a popular option GRE (Graduate Record Examination) among engineers as 19 of the top 20 exams are the entrance test for pursuing CSE toppers in 2016 were engineers. your masters (M.S) in foreign universities. With a high GRE score, you can get into 5. Starting Your own Company a reputed university and pursue masters (Entrepreneurship): in your field of choice This is the best choice for you when you have a special business thought and you 3. Management: have likewise cash to put resources into To enter this field, you'll need to get an your business. Entrepreneurship is the MBA Degree. MBA is one of the favored most up to date thing everybody is doing courses subsequent to engineering. and you ought to likewise do it as well. Furthermore, for that, you'll need to give Yet, don't lose it by getting mainstream the CAT test (Common Aptitude Test). and wealthy in extremely less time. It Your score in the CAT test will figure out might occur yet think about this as a which establishment concedes you. You learning opportunity. can also give institute specific exams to pursue MBA into a particular institute like Numerous who don't have affluent family SNAP, and XAT. foundation should join some activity with the goal that they can win cash to In the wake of considering management, contribute and assemble understanding you can get administrative jobs in various about how things work in the corporate organizations. Management is world. Try not to begin a startup just to outstanding amongst other vocation intrigue somebody or to be wealthy in choices in the wake of engineering in exceptionally less time. Each activity India. For the individuals who wish to requires a fitting opportunity to give the scale the company pecking order quick, outcome. Offer the chance for your this is the best alternative. Managers are activity. likewise among the most generously compensated experts in India. You These are the standard choices that most absolutely would appreciate seeking after engineering graduates go for yet there this field. are additionally non-specialized employments that you could get into and still bring in cash what an engineer makes. ● F1 Racer ● Photography & Film Making ● Modeling, Professional actor ● Travel & Tourism ● Digital Marketing ● Content Writing ● Consulting ● Journalism The above is the rundown of different vocation openings in the field of engineering and there are different things to remember during the determination of your profession. Being a young mind a large number of these fields will catch your eye. However, ensure what you would like to pursue, find your interest, amount of time you have, and the difficulty level before settling on any of these fields after graduation. Create your Dream Life, Plan your path, and start Living it.

Rameshta Vishwakarma, SE COMP B S CHANGES IN LIFESTYLE DURING T COVID-19 PANDEMIC U

On 25th of March 2020 India went Gone are the days when we used into lockdown to prevent the spread to sit in front of our T.Vs watching of COVID-19 and for the first time in movies whole day because now we our lives we were trapped in our very have own houses. Our lifestyles changed YOUTUBE,NETFLIX,HOTSTAR,DIS D drastically during this period because NEY+ and many other platforms we had ample amount of time to do which provide us with never ending anything and everything. From content. These OTT platforms are having online lectures on zoom to now more popular than ever. The doing online challenges on social demand for these is so much that media we have survived this some platforms had to take some lockdown. Let's look at the changes measures to ensure their smooth in the various aspects of our operation for example YOUTUBE E lifestyles during this pandemic. had set its maximum resolution to Let's all agree that we miss sitting play videos to 480p on mobile in our classrooms attending lectures devices to reduce the load on the having fun with our friends because servers. We as a generation love to the biggest change in our everyday binge-watch and this is a big change lives was now we had to attend from the last generation as they use lectures online and give exams to wait a whole week for a new online. ZOOM, we had never heard episode. As internet is available in N of this application before but now it is every corner of the world the an important part of our everyday demand for these platforms will be life. Whether it is language apps, ever increasing. virtual tutoring, video conferencing Remember the time when people tools, or online learning software, used to travel to reach their there has been a significant surge in workplace now it's no longer the usage since COVID-19. People are case now it's very common to see finding innovative ways to make people sitting in front of their laptops T online learning fun. It's safe to say wearing formals working from home. now that the education field will In fact one of the biggest companies never be the same. in India TATA plans to have most of employees working from home in the next 5 years and this trend will be followed by many other companies. Job recruitment is fully online now. People make video resumes. This pandemic is changing the whole employment scene. One of the biggest changes due to this pandemic is that we can no longer meet our friends, relatives and this is where social media and other technologies come into help. Video conferencing apps have been a blessing for us because we can at least meet our friends virtually. Social media has been really important in keeping us entertained. It has kept us busy with challenges and memes and what not and let's be honest we spend a huge amount of time on social media. Everything we need is available on the internet. E-commerce is booming we are shopping online more than ever. People don't go to restaurants anymore they order food online which is delivered at their doorstep and this is a trend which is increasing. COVID-19 has changed the outlook of the whole world. We are never going to be the same after this. The changes this has brought are here to stay and we have to make the most of it. COVID-19 is shaping a whole new generation. The world is never going to be the same after this.

ESHAN SAVE FE COMP C 04 S The COVID-19 Pandemic: Mental T illness and Physical Curse U

Today, the world is suffering from an the loneliness from this quarantined unstoppable pandemic which has creates a negative impact on all age altered daily routines, has led to groups. At the community level, there financial fear, and forced isolation. In could be suspicion towards other December 2019, a deadly virus individuals in terms of disease D originated from Wuhan has now spread and the government and spread all over the world causing healthcare services in terms of their around 4 lakhs of death worldwide ability to manage the outbreak. With and this number is still increasing the end of community services and day by day. The pandemic is the downfall of industries negatively affecting our healthcare and impacting the economy, a lot of economic systems and a record- people face financial crisis and breaking spike in unemployment is unemployment, which will be E destroying sharp minds of intensifying the negative emotions individuals. Beyond these domains, experienced by individuals. coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) also has its impact on mental To avoid the contact spread of and physical health of the society corona virus government and world which can vary across the health organization (WHO) has individuals. suggested people to follow social Daily reports of increasing distancing where every individual N coronavirus cases and death across should be at least 6 feet away from the world is raising anxiety, stress, other people. This social distancing depression, fear and feeling of has restricted the physical activities vulnerability. These feelings in of the people, especially activities individuals is developing because of such as walking or cycling as wide range of concerns, including transportation, or taking part in a when the situations will be normal, leisurely activity (e.g. jogging, worries about getting in contact with walking the dog, going to the gym) T the virus or the family members are being restricted. Furthermore, getting infected, how long the these drastic measures also make it isolation will going to continue, and so much easier to be sedentary at home for long periods of time. Staying at home all the time would make people more lethargic and consequently unfit. In current situation, where healthcare systems are under stress and resources are also very limited, it is challenging and difficult to support people in self- management of their condition. Physical activity is an important way of supporting this group of people to self-manage their conditions so that they are able to cope effectively with symptoms such as pain, stiffness, fatigue or breathlessness. In summary, mental health faced by an individual during this pandemic can be resolved by keeping in touch with families and friends. Also, meditation can also be another way of getting out from depression, anxiety, fear and stress. Physical activity can also be carried out in terms of yoga probably the best exercise that can help you to keep physically as well as mentally fit during this pandemic. Thus, this pandemic is a big threat for humanity causing adverse mental disorder and leading to economic slowdown and simultaneously leading to unemployment.

HRITIK PANDEY FE COMP B 46 S COVID 19- An insight into our T misconstructed societies U

The global , novel virus or the platform.Eg: Student & Teachers pandemic is a deteriorating the world have started attending and taking into fragments. In one of the TED lectures virtually. According to talks in 2015,tech giant Bill Gates reports courses on cyber security , had predicted that viruses pose the cloud ,devops, AL & Data Science D greatest risk of global catastrophe. have witnessed a jump of 15% in Five years later , COVID 19 or March. This has created a significant Corona virus has brought the world jump on online learning. into its knees. Secondly , hygiene has been the The whole world was in a complete most important thing . People have lockdown. But as we know started taking personal hygiene more challenges create oppurtunities . seriously. Washing hands frequently , COVID 19 may have turned our Wearing Face Masks , Practicing E tables round but it certainly created Social Distancing has created a an oppurtunities for holistic self- sense of responsibility now in this development in this testing times. uprising pandemic. I strongly agree to the saying of Third, the most innovative out of all is Albert Einstein i.e “ The world as we Work From Home. The outbreak have created it is a process of our abruptly introduced tens of millions of thinking. It cannot be changed workers to telecommunication from without changing our thinking”. This home. Well, honestly it wasn't a new N can be truly relatable in todays concept as IT companies in West & pandemic situation which has struck even in India has been practicing it the humanity too hard. At the end , it with perfection. COVID-19 has taken depends on us how we look upon it to another level with almost all this situation to be. companies asking its employees to Firstly , Covid-19 has given a huge Work From Home .Apart from these lift to online learning in both rural and changes there were many urban areas of educational environmental small changes. Due to T institutions , business organization this lockdown , Problems like while among others have taken pollution drastically decreased in online education to a high hustle &bustling city like Mumbai especially . two sides like a coin but our lack of Lockdown placed pressure on global knowledge force us to look in one economy. We faced a serious recession. direction only. Thus , I would like to say World has been going through a fragile that Lockdown caused untold hardship economy in this deadly virus trap. and also inspired extraordinary Changes like socio-economical , geneorisity. environmental , physical , technological etc had Pros and Cons both.Considering MANUSHI KOTHARI both sides of coin one on positive side FE COMP B 24 while other on negative side. If we look at a positive side this lockdown gave society a chance on self- development & seeking responsibility . It gave a push to fullfill our dreams & work on our hobbies .It created a strong bond between the family members. Before people were often 24*7 busy with there job & work & had no time for family but this made them to know each other , spend time with each other , play , learn & the most important value each other. Modern Technology has changed our lives in countless ways- revolutionizing how we work,live and play. As recently development of 'Aarogya Setu App'in this pandemic created a sense of alertness to us . We totally agree now that technology has become appallingly obvious that our technology has exceeded our humanity. Advancement of technology in todays world helped us bit in this crisis. On the other side of coin many factors we suffered but we had no option other than complete lockdown.Some people were homeless , and had a feeling of loneliness but they weren't left to die instead Govt. tried there best to feed them & nurture them. This enlightened us the feeling of responsibility , gratitude and kindness of self-less govt officials and workers. People learnt the jewel of “ giving” rather than always “ taking”. Donations drive were most common . Lot of people also donated in PM Relief Fund. Small cities locals helped the daily wagers and travellers by supplying them food and water . This brought among people a sense of caring individuals and unity. Atlast , I would like to say that we should always remember that every situation has S COVID-19: A Blessing In T Disguise For India U

It is a known fact that COVID-19 has higher than the GDP of many been the most devastating thing that nations, and this simply describes has happened to mankind, but it is why there is a need for boycotting also responsible for creating China. It made us so weak that we revolutionary changes in technology are not able to produce even a single D and for providing a much-needed smartphone on our own. makeover to the Indian Economy. It There might be a question of why we indeed taught us those things that can't develop even a smartphone we used to imagine; work from and well there are multiple reasons: home, distance learning are 1. We don't produce High-Grade examples to it. Plastics that are used in The deadly virus had originated in Smartphones. China, from there it went on to affect 2. Large-scale Production of E all the continents on the planet. The Microprocessors is not Available. entire turn of events has caused an 3. The LED Screens are yet not Anti-China Sentiment among many Produced in India. nations including India and as a fuel 4. China offered all of this stuff in to the fire, the Galwan valley incident cheap prices fired a nationwide protest named If we dedicate a considerable “#BoycottChina”. At this point in amount of time and resources in re- time, we need this sincerely, China developing and overcoming these N holds a majority of our businesses barriers, we could definitely earn a which, if started in India could aid the huge profit because India is the economy to a great extent. China biggest consumer of smartphones. currently dominates the electronic Not only smartphones but the entire and hardware sector which is due to electronics and hardware industry several reasons, such as the needs to be renovated this way. A Communist government and strict ban is supposed to be put up on all labor laws. China dominates 40% of sorts of imports taking place from T our business. 467.49 INR Billion is China. Then on a temporary basis, the worth of all Chinese product these imports shall be continued imports made to India, the amount from those nations that resemble China in terms of production, such as definitely give major brands a run for their Taiwan or Vietnam. This will keep the money. India emerges as the first-choice ongoing industries that intake materials destination for many US-European from China working despite the ban, and companies due to its reliability and large in this timeframe, we need to explore all availability of human resource. Recently the possibilities of making these raw 52 Chinese applications were banned in materials here in India and importing only India due to the security issues they those which are not available with us. In possessed to the user. The US doing so, we need to be looking for the government had already proposed to ban concept of “Disruptive Innovation”. TikTok app as it was caught collecting Disruptive innovation is a concept or an user's personal data severely, which idea that completely changes the way could pose a high risk to the concerns of business models work. At present, if we national security. This again made the have to strengthen our economy then we entire world cautious about the unethical need to be independent with our raw behavior of China and also provided an material. An example of Disruptive opportunity to the Indian IT Sector to Innovation is the Internet, it has make these products in India with better completely revolutionized the concept of security and integrity, and today you will business in the modern era. The find Indian apps for all these utilities. Not government's role becomes really only this we are creating software important for fulfilling this concept, solutions for companies across the globe, wherein the torch-bearers for us could be the same peak can be achieved in the Indian industrialists, and drivers of case of hardware as well with apt policies change will be skilled workers. and execution. For using the above-explained concept, the government will have to take initiative Harsh Singh SE COMP B and provide more encouragement and support to such SME/MSME's, initially, they wouldn't provide much profit but with patience, they could later turn into an asset for the electronics industry. The government on the other hand is planning to counter this domination of China. The Government of India has launched 'Aatmanirbhar Bharat' scheme which emphasizes the importance of becoming self-dependent with respect to those sectors, that are majorly dependent on foreign import. We also have some positives. In some cases, where we have the capability to grow independently, the reform has already begun. Indians were among the biggest consumers of Chinese software applications, but with the development of better and much more secure Indian apps, not only Indians but International users are moving towards our products. Indian IT sector has seen rapid growth and it is expected to stay unaffected in the post COVID era. With many more unique ideas getting inculcated into ventures, this domain will S CovTech : Accelerating a T future based on technology. U

We live in the third era of remarkable job when it comes to globalization and by the means of minimising human contact and technological advancements we replacing their jobs by the have achieved globalisation in ways technological replacements available we couldn't have previously at hand. The Chinese government D imagined. It is this very globalization joined hands with the leading tech that has made political boundaries giants, Alibaba and Tencent to irrelevant in today's context, which develop a color-coded health rating also necessarily means that if a system wherein they'd be able to particular country becomes the track millions of people daily, and get epicentre of a disaster, it'll escalate access to their past travel and and encompass the whole world medical history which would thereby even before we'd get to think of a help the government decide whether E response. a person should be quarantined or allowed in public spaces. Apollo, We've encountered many deadly which is Baidu's autonomous vehicle diseases in the past (SARS, Ebola, platform, has joined hands with the H1N1 to name a few), but with each self-driving start-up Neolix to deliver encounter, we've managed to learn supplies and food to hospitals in new ways of managing such Beijing and with this initiative they outbreaks. Although technology are helping feed over 100 frontline N cannot help us in preventing the staff members as they work to treat onset of a pandemic, it can certainly their ever growing patient base. help us in reducing the spread and keeping the economy from coming to Governments across the globe have a standstill. All thanks to the prioritised analysing the structure of technological advancements, we are the virus in order to create a vaccine. now more equipped than any era However, since the coronavirus from the history to respond to a belongs to a family of enveloped T pandemic like COVID-19. coronaviruses that contain single stranded RNA structure, it is difficult The Chinese have done a to analyse the virus because of the rapid mutation it undergoes. For this route for business differentiation across reason, Baidu has made its Linearfold industry verticals in the foreseeable algorithm available to scientific and future. This pandemic has given us an medical teams which are trying to fight opportunity to analyse our existing the outbreak. Using this algorithm the technological availability and come up Baidu AI scientists have predicted the with ideas to innovate, so that when we're secondary structure for the COVID – 19 put in a situation like today the next time RNA sequence, reducing overall analysis around, we're better prepared. time from 55 minutes to 27 seconds, making it 120 times faster! Baidu has Gurleen Pannu also developed an AI-powered infrared FE COMP B 49 sensor system that provides users with fast multi-person temperature monitoring that can detect if a person has a fever, one of the many symptoms of coronavirus. This is currently being used in Beijing's Qinghe railway station, where it can examine up to 200 people in one minute without disrupting passenger flow.

In USA on the other hand, as part of an announcement of a project called the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19), the research team has developed an AI platform that makes it easier for team members to skim through various scientific papers and articles to find relevant studies that can lead to new insights or approaches to combat the Coronavirus. A hospital in Italy was able to save the lives of many patients affected by COVID-19 by using 3D printed valves on reanimation devices. In India we launched apps like Aarogya Setu, to prevent spread of false propaganda and keep a check on the coronavirus affected individuals. Various Indian telecom companies like Idea, Jio and Airtel have made sure that they make people aware of the symptoms of and precautions from coronavirus via dialer tones. All thanks to the various social media platforms and video conferencing applications that even after being so distant due to the lockdowns worldwide, we've never been more connected.

With an agile working model that allows businesses to remain productive, digitization and adoption of emerging technologies will continue to be a critical priority and serve as a cost-effective S T Digital Switch During Pandemic U

Digitalization of day to day activities According to recent studies, over might be the new normal for the 82% of Indian consumers will prefer upcoming years. The opportunity for touchless interaction during the the same is limitless. Businesses are pandemic. The offline-to-online embracing scan and pay technology switch in payments has been long in D with add-ons like an option to browse coming, however, there has been an the menu on the mobile browser. accelerated shift in consumer COVID-19 forced many around the behavior in the recent lockdown world to rethink and re-innovate our scenario due to COVID-19. NPCI daily lives as said “Necessity is the has been urging and reaching out to Mother of Invention.” consumers and all service providers of essential services to switch to Digital Payments digital payment methods to stay E Restaurants following the guidelines protected. set by governing authority have We are seeing growth in essential come up with digital touch to their categories, online donations, and business. QR code on the table, a entertainment on the OTT medium. customer just needs to pop their There has been a dip in volumes as phone and scan it for the menu. The discretionary spends, and some of boom of digital wallets and payment the segments like travel, hospitality is methods couldn't have come at a near to zero. N better time. For maximizing the No- Work From Home Touch policy, these methods might Let's be real, no matter where bring the change. COVID-19 led you're working from, you're still doing fears of touching surfaces in public just that: working. So, one should places are expected to give a huge work from home or work from the boost to mobile phone-based office? It honestly comes down to the contactless payments. environment you'll be most effective in, along with the industry you're in. T Many customers wouldn't even want Twitter and other large organizations to swipe or tap their credit or debit encouraged their employees to work cards on payment machines. from home, and other companies throughout the country, schools and universities began to turn to virtual learning options. Many schools and colleges decided to switch the rest of the semester's work to online learning only and closed campuses to contain the spread of the virus. The transition to online has raised questions for a few universities about exactly how much they are capable of with their existing technology and such as Google and JPMorgan were infrastructure. building remote working policies in the The transition to digital education event, they needed to shift work home. is certainly disruptive as it wasn't planned for in the timeline the coronavirus While the ability to work from home is a dictated, but the educators and benefit many employees value, many educational institutions will be better companies lack the technology prepared in the future. infrastructure structure to offer that capability without some sacrifices to Virtual Events "business as usual." Remember going to a music fest, When you're at work, nothing sounds gatherings, conferences, exhibitions, and more amazing than a toasty day indoors get-togethers? These were usually with your favorite blanket. When you're at assembled by a recognizable brand and home, you reminisce about making jokes monetized by entry fees and sponsors. with your co-workers and wonder if the For publishers, they proved a lucrative coffee machine made good coffee that platform to demonstrate their expertise day. and engage audiences in person – until the lockdowns came into force. E-Learning

We, students, are also experiencing the ripple effects of the digitalization of our day to day life. The Ministry of Human Resource Development (HRD) on March 21, 2020, the Union HRD Minister shared various free digital E-Learning platforms such that students capitalize on to continue their learning during pandemic based school and college closures. As COVID-19 spread Most of us have probably been a part of some sort of virtual event before in one way or another, especially in the current COVID-19 world where we're watching an interactive webinar or panel discussion, or maybe we're online for a happy hour over Zoom with co-workers or friends or even our classes. As more events transition to the online platforms and the industries focusing on delivering value in a virtual format, we're starting to see a lot of innovation and creativity coming out of them. Now there are no geographical constraints on participants, a lot of friction has been removed. Speakers are seemingly more willing to put forth their content to a video call rather than travel to a conference.

Digital payments, Work from home, E- Learning, Virtual events are some of the most intriguing parts of this digital switch in a pandemic. In response to travel restrictions, school and college closures, and recommendations to not gather in large groups and maintain social distancing from fellow humans to limit the spread of the virus, many people turned to digital tools and platforms to keep some semblance of normality. Digitally transforming our places of work, play, and education to be able to operate effectively.

Harshkumar Tiwari SE CMPN B 68 S DIGITALIZED EDUCATION - T EFFECTS OF A PANDEMIC U

In the face of a disturbance of disruption, the education industry COVID-19, digital transformation has has been very sluggish. They have taken a new momentum in the been far from the frontrunner of education industry and has begun change with centuries-old blinking traditional lines. Education approaches to lectures, antiquated D institutions use digital technologies classrooms, and strong resistance to and promote more accessible e- eliminating institutional bias. The learning developments than ever, COVID-19 events, however, have allow communities to learn digitally raised the industry's red flag and and enhance operations while have taken the path to DIN 3.0. reducing efforts, costs and risk. Below are the responses of the Education institutions are 'Digital' has education sector to the current become the answer to market growth realities and the challenges E in these turbulent times and renders associated with the value chain. 'universal access' a new imperative. 1. 'To know whenever, whenever' The outbreak of the coronavirus culture takes hold has obviously been a blow to our With lock-ups that have left millions world economy. The pandemic has of students trapped, a growing left stock markets to bleed, hindered proportion of universities embrace a supply chains, and caused massive digital learning community. The best losses to slow down. Lockdowns, a solution to ensure a continuous N key enabler of social distance have education flow has been online challenged the 'business-as usual' classes. Many schools and colleges sentiment and forced industries to re- have developed intranet systems to imagine, respond, and recover. The provide home learning through video education sector, in particular, was broadcasting tools such as Zoom, the first to strengthen its digital forms Google Hangout, and WebEx. of engagement and to reveal A number of institutes have innovations to meet changing needs. increased the use of real-time T Education's Digital 3.0 : Assisting the communication and social media Crisis Contracting Incumbents such as WhatsApp, Facebook and While responding to digital YouTube to tackle the challenges of remote learning and are seeking to more involved in the market and have maximize online learning opportunities in played an active role in the growth of low bandwidth and in low-latency digital learning. circumstances so as to ensure education 4. The Downward Physical Divide for children who are more difficult to Amid COVID-19 and the resulting reach. closures, teachers ended up being faced 2. The popularity of EdTech companies is with the urgent need for home-based growing students to take online courses. Their EdTech companies have had difficulty digital skills shortage, however, was a gaining market momentum, particularly key issue that might hold back the with the predisposition of the industry to promise of digital learning. The traditional, in-class approaches. educational institutions have fortunately However, EdTech players are set for an acted quickly and have accelerated unavoidable boom with the COVID-19 efforts to help their staff to scale up and shutting down university institutions. adapt to new work dynamics. Without waiting to see the new client Today, millions of schools and colleges base taking advantage of the opportunity use a variety of online learning solutions in weeks, we find multiple EdTech to enhance their educators and empower companies – Dream box Learning, the education system. A variety of Schoology, Sparx, BYJU, and upGrad multimedia training courses, seminars coming to name. and webinars are arranged to ensure that 3. Examinations and judgments the faculties are up to date on changing Knowledgeable needs and to ensure their quality of There has always been a point of education in whatever way they can. contention about the role of online 5. Lead the transition by public-private learning solutions in conducting partnerships examinations and evaluating student The global educational sector is bumping performances and also reducing errors or into updates from a variety of coalitions biases. With new digital technologies, and alliances to ensure that learning online pedagogy has become never stops with COVID-19 pandemics. increasingly popular with COVID-19, For instance, the Ministry of Education several platforms have been developed, (MoE) in China formed a consortium of which are able to meet the challenge educational institutions to build an effectively. existing educational infrastructure, to They help teach Tasers to build online replace learning in the classroom with tests in different sizes, like skills, a multi- digital learning and to upgrade the cloud- choice, typing, essays and aptitude- based remote learning platform. based solutions, known as Automated 6. The Change from Digital Thinking to online proctoring solutions. Using audio- Digital Being visual analysis and suspicious browsing The shift towards digital learning is behavior captured during the test, they intermittent, as only the COVID-19 took track students' conscious and hold was not planned. To overcome the unconscious gestures and stances in offline model, educational institutions order to identify snapshots of need to start with access to the capability irregularities, to alert or block the of their current systems and build a applicant instantly and to prevent multifaceted digital learning strategy to fraudulent conduct to ensure a address both short and longer-term goals transparent method. Online procurement while calibrating risk. It will curate existing solutions have been around for some contents, match them with the curriculum time, but have been neglected. and prepare how the extra contents will Nevertheless, these channels in a world be made available. Many schools and hit by COVID-19 are getting more and colleges have collaborated with publishing companies in order to access its knowledge inventories and also have open educational resources translated from other languages. In addition, there are several other questions such as how information should be delivered, what tools should be used, how connectivity should be reliably guaranteed and how teachers should be educated. The journey to allow for a comprehensive digital transformation in a relatively short time is no cake-gap, but it certainly can be a lesson in resilience if implemented correctly.

By Siddhesh Mane FE CMPN B S E-learning during Covid-19 T Pandemic U

The Covid- 19 pandemic has assessments already offered by sparked a global realization that our many online learning platforms, like current way of life does not work. It Khan Academy. has broken our perception of what is normal and deconstructed society as ● "If we can focus mastery D we know it. much more on actual learning than One such critical area, where the what kids score on some tests, it need for change has become allows us to start trusting our evident, is education. The effects of teachers more in a way we want to the coronavirus and thereby its and need to," says Todd Rose of the preventive measures, has upended Harvard Graduate School of the life of students, parents and Education and co-founder of teachers. Populace, a think tank. E The clear disruption in the 'normal' functioning of education has placed 2. More emphasis on personalized an emphasis on many questions, learning: Students will eventually which were previously asked and return to classrooms and campuses, subsequently left unanswered. So, but virtual education will stay part of what could the current effects of this the mix. global pandemic mean for the future of education? ● Blended learning options N where students are split up for Here are some of the ways classroom learning for a few days a education will change: week and online for the remainder 1. Redefining assessment: will likely become the norm, says Standardized tests have broadly Andy Rotherham, co-founder of been canceled this year due to nonprofit Bellwether Education. school closures. While there will be a need to assess where students are ● He also predicts a transition to T academically when classes resume competency courses where students next year, there will likely be more of can move ahead at their own pace a focus on mastery-based instead of logging into classes for the entire school day.

● "The best teachers have always personalized," says Elisa Villanueva- Beard, CEO of Teach For America. Now with virtual learning, "we have an opportunity to recognize this asset and put it to use in a way that's data driven." 3. Renewed focus on inequities: Larger reliance on remote learning has magnified existing socioeconomic disparities when it comes to access to broadband and devices, plus the availability of a parent to steer at-home learning.

● More than 4.5 billion people currently use the internet, but that is still only 60% of the world's population. This gap between countries and socioeconomic equity must change if we are to broaden the viability of virtual learning. The negative effects of the divide are exacerbated in times of crisis, leading to a lack of information, education and opportunity for those offline. Now, more than ever, we must collectively strive for more readily available technology and move past physical limitations in favor of virtual solutions.

● School districts are working now to plan strategies for the fall — not only what drastic changes will need to be made in the classroom setting to maintain social distancing, but how to prepare more robust online programs, especially given the possibility of being in this position again.

Covid-19 may have been the catalysis for a change that has been long pending. What we will witness in the aftermath of this global health crisis may very likely be the adoption of approaches that were sought in it.

Omkar Sawant SE A S COVID-19 MAKES 2020: A YEAR OF UNCERTAINTY FOR THE T WORLD ECONOMY U

It is said that life is full of education industry, every sector has uncertainties. And when any of such been on a halt since the arrival of uncertainty occurs, it tends to leave a Covid-19. While we are focusing on huge impact on human life in every our present, this situation is affecting aspect possible. The beginning of our future on another level. D 2020 led to international lockdowns The constantly evolving Covid-19 with the arrival of Coronavirus, pandemic has cast a long shadow on popularly known as Covid-19. This the global economy. Not only people pandemic took birth in the Wuhan are dying but also a huge negative city of China. The 2019–20 impact is observed in all sectors of coronavirus disease is an ongoing the economy. As this virus tends to pandemic of coronavirus disease spread rapidly, it is suggested and which is becoming the major cause accepted by most of the countries E of all the uncertainties occurring this that they should go for lockdowns in year. all the sectors of the economy. This The first case found in China has turned out to be a major resulted in being an expergefactor challenge before all the countries. for all other countries and then they The developed, developing and the began to take actions to save the underdeveloped. The impact of the citizens of their country. This has led pandemic on the GDP, trade sector to lockdowns in every part of the and such various sectors around the N world. From slums to MNCs, every globe is affecting the world economy single person is strictly told to stay at to a greater extent. The reason is home and every company is asked that lockdowns can surely become a to remain shut. The world has major cause behind economic witnessed such pandemics before as slowdown and it may result in many well but every such situation has led other problems in the country. to economic slowdowns and that has According to Organization for affected many countries, especially Economic Co-operation and T the developing and underdeveloped Development (OECD), the greatest ones adversely. From the export and impact of the lockdowns and import sectors of the economy to the restrictions will be on the trading sector of countries, on retail and gotten fortunate enough to witness the wholesale trade, and also in professional real version of God in our doctors and the and real estate services, although there hospital staffs. Also, the police force must are notable differences between be equally appreciated for being on duty countries. It is this dynamic that has to save the citizens of the country. economists contemplating whether the Not only the world economy and its COVID-19 pandemic could lead to a aspects are being affected but also great global recession on the scale of the Great damage has been done to human life. Depression. It was observed that the This has become a threat to the life of Global trade slowed down in the last six people and is destroying the global months of 2019 and was expected to economy. But seemingly regardless of decline further in 2020 due to this these growing uncertainties and the pandemic which is negatively affecting dolorous thoughts in the minds of people, economic activity in various sectors. the nature seems to be kvelling in these The months ahead will probably be quite lockdowns. A great fall has been volatile. It now appears likely that some observed in the pollution level around the places will experience a local resurgence globe. Truth be told, when humans throw as restrictions are lifted and economies so much at the nature that it has to stand reopen. Every sector is trying its best to up for itself, all such uncertainties end up get the most out of these lockdowns by being a result of what humans have done placing emphasis on "Work from Home" to mother nature. facility and conducting meetings through And last but not the least, we must not video conferences. Even the education forget that "With the problem, comes the industry is helping students to stay solution and we must focus more on the focused on their careers and studies by solution and less on the problem." What uploading video lectures, tests and the world needs to understand is that in assignments on the internet. A great order to win from such a pandemic, we appreciation goes to all the teachers who must first know that staying in our homes are still working hard to secure the future will save our lives. We must obey what of their students. Taking education into the Government says as it works for the consideration, many universities have citizens of the country. Speaking truth, offered free courses on their sites for this is a golden opportunity that we have students to develop themselves in this been given to spend more time with our quarantine and to get the best of it. families. COVID-19 has negative impacts Taking the hospitals and doctors into but we must not fail to embrace the consideration, no words will be enough to positive impacts of it in our present. Who appreciate their hard work and would have thought that they would get to determination to save the lives of people. live with their families for so long? Many In this critical situation, the world has of us did not even know the secrets and the stories that our loved ones are sharing with us in this quarantine. This pandemic will lose its battle only if we win each other's support and love and appreciate our doctors, nurses, police force and also ourselves for being strong enough to fight against this deadly pandemic.

By Ashutosh Pandey (SE COMP A) S Education system's big shift from classrooms to T computers U

s apparent it may seem, not to give students an option of online only me, but the whole world lectures and parents will be playing Awants to come out from the an important role, for primary and grasps of this inevitable situation. As secondary school students for many vaccine trials are on the go in holding them accountable even at D every medicinal field, let it be their homes. naturopathy, allopathy, there remains hope before humans Various platforms such as Zoom, completely adapt to these conditions Google meet, Microsoft teams, are and define it as normal. already developed, so we will be fortunate to have a technology- As of now, every educational driven world. Pandemics have hit institute is going online, and the world earlier too, and the world E therefore online resources have had to struggle a lot. As technology been skyrocketed. To be honest, boosted sectors such as education, online resources will serve as a many IT companies adopted work dominant medium of information in from home, giving options to work the near future and will require remotely to a lot of people. But additional resources such as mobile, people working on weekly, fortnight laptop, and tablets with a good and daily wages had to suffer the internet connection. Institutes will adverse effects of the pandemic as N need to encourage Yoga and add it they lost their jobs, and even got to schedule because we sure are stuck at metropolitan cities far from going to ache all of our backs by their homes. However, people who sitting around a screen for several are educated understood and hours a day. For social distancing, helped them as much as they can. strict rules will need to be abided for So, it cannot be stressed enough schools and colleges. The how education is a basic need of segregation of students into proper human beings and why it should T count for lectures will be a major continue despite a pandemic. Today, concern whenever schools and society's growing advancements colleges reopen. Institutes will need tend to occur, as “necessity is the other of invention”. The major manner that only theoretical knowledge effect will be on the UG won't be sufficient. For instance, subjects mstudents as they are our future like history will see extensive use of innovators. technology for making online lectures more interesting and less boring like in a The fee structure for each category of four-walled classroom. This will be education will be altered and a lot of essential as interactive learning future meetings are awaited to deal with proliferates the process of educating it. Online seminars and virtual reality will students and imparts quality education be focused on subjects like PCB within them, wherein they are not just (physics, chemistry, biology) and PCM for rote learning for exams but are learning interactive interesting learning for to take lessons and innovate the future. students preparing for competitive Major transformations for secondary exams. Online portals will be created for students are expected and E-books along submissions of assignments and various with the institute's own app can enhance curricular activities. So, there will be an in creating an environment of studying, opportunity for UG students to catch this as a student would be much more likely stream of innovation and get the to prefer to study from the comfort of his prototypes ready. The way of gaining home. The traditional methods for the knowledge will change for the new start of a new academic year, the generation. They will be keen to use inauguration of an event would be shifted gadgets and be innovative. Teachers will online as well. A major challenge will too need to be trained for online activities persist for subjects like mathematics and such as conducting lectures, catching mischievous students, developing more interactive content as well as keeping an eye on the class. Taking feedback from parents on a weekly basis will encourage the students to learn as they shall be knowing that someone is monitoring and holding them accountable. Education in various forms such as training young professionals and educating parents for sustainable development of students were impacted as everything went online. Gadgets being more in use will lead to an increase in demand, and the price may drawing, specifically difficult for increase as well. Also, as the world is engineering drawing, wherein although trying to take a stand against China in the AutoCAD software can be used, the current situation, there will be students will lack the practice of physical consequences on the prices of these drawing skills on paper. However, with a gadgets as most of them are complete shift in the online mode, the manufactured there. However, on the most surprising and remarkable element positive note, opportunities will increase which can be achieved is distance and people will need to update learning across the world. In a post themselves to survive. Institutes may COVID world, students being in Delhi can need to work on their infrastructures to study or learn by any school in Mumbai maintain social distancing and or Chennai. It would be utterly fascinating accommodating all of the students at the if cross-learning platforms are developed same time as well. in institutes. Certain challenges would still With the vast enhancement in technology, exist like internet connectivity with a the syllabus and teaching methods for specific bandwidth would be necessary various subjects will change in such a rocesses along with gadgets such as laptops, mobile devices with pequally good connectivity and interfaces. Documents that require hardcopy printer may or may not be used, depending on the student and the kind of activities they perform. The new normal will arrive soon, as people across the world are already battling the coronavirus, bringing a complete new set of ideologies, innovations, and aspirations.

Mr. Pratik Tiwari SE COMP B Roll No: 41, S EDUCATIONAL PLATFORMS T DURING PANDEMICS U

Educational sector has been through followed for the time till there is a a lot of changes throughout the way to avoid getting affected by the period since the education system pandemic. Even if there's a way of has been established. But this time it avoiding the pandemic, there should will be a difficult one because it won't be avoidance of gathering students only just change the content but will in colleges, schools atleast on the D have a huge impact on the way of day to day basis to have a teaching , on the infrastructure, on prevention for the widespread. If the budget as well as the availability possible follow an even-odd system of education for the students from or a system to control the amount of the lower income backgrounds as far students present at a time. It's not a as the physical forms of education is permanent way but would concerned like schools, colleges, etc. temporarily bring an avoidance of a There's also another way of communal spread of the disease. E education available and which will be Various technology should be preferable by both the lower as well installed at educational institutes for as the higher income background screening of the students at a regular students, at least till the pandemic is basis and if possible on daily basis. over or at least there is a control on Various steps have to be taken for the pandemic and a cure for it is maintaining the campus as an available, i.e., online education which unwelcome home for the virus with has been there for a very long time the steps like regular sanitation, etc. N but did not had that much limelight The following ways won't be cheap at that it has today. Online education all but has to be taken for the safety provide us with the option to continue of the people associated to the our studies without even getting out campus. Thus, as mentioned earlier from our houses which is also a safer the cost of the physical form of way during this pandemic. And for education will be rising as per the the safety of the students as well as steps taken by the institute. the teaching and non-teaching staff So the education after the pandemic T this way of education is a must. This won't be cheap, at least you can form of education will or should be expect that after the pandemic. So this will lead to the increase in the number of students opting for the non- physical form of education, i.e., getting the knowledge through internet, online videos which will led to an increase in the number of people opting for teaching virtually because this is a safer way and a great way of letting your knowledge spread, way beyond classrooms. Overall, the people will be prioritizing their health at least for sometime which means for some period of time we can expect our education system running virtually during pandemic or should I say for a long period if ever there's a stop to this pandemic.

Yashraj Jha FE COMP B 11 S Impact of Coronavirus Outbreak on Technology- T Driven Companies U

The coronavirus outbreak initially shift from conventional working originated in China but now has method to work from home system. become a global pandemic affecting The shift can be a gamechanger in millions around the globe. The the future of the corporate world. consequences of the virus have left Amid the lockdown, many companies every nation in great turmoil. Shelves are offering work from home jobs to D in a supermarket are often bare of women according to the sources. So essential items causing mayhem there has been a rise in the number amongst the people; large events of women seeking jobs to restart like music festivals, corporate their careers or gain a financial summits are canceled leading to a benefit from it. This rise can be great loss in business opportunities. prominently seen in metropolitan The incomputable impact of the cities like Banglore, Mumbai, Pune, coronavirus pandemic has generated Hyderabad, and Delhi. There is a 50 E a disruption in the growth of a percent rise in job seekers in this nation's economy and GDP. This March than a year ago in the same wave has also caused interference month. The work from home culture among many industries and can be seen as a blessing to women companies worldwide. Depending on with prior familial commitments. But which side of technology a company the upheaval in a company's profit is on, the coronavirus has either has also led to employees losing become a boon or bane to its their jobs. N business. The work-from-home system has The transmission of viruses is rapid urged companies to buy software like which has led to shutting down of Slack and Zoom for smooth workplaces around the world and functioning. Slack is a platform forcing everyone to stay indoors. where workers can communicate This has emerged as a challenge for with each other through various industries to keep their businesses groups. Zoom is a video T running. The coronavirus outbreak conferencing software that is on high has compelled the tech companies to demand due to recent situations. Many important meetings or conferences had to scale down to 30,000 orders a day are conducted on Zoom due to the from 150,000 orders on usual business infeasibility of physical meetings and the days. The company has known to have simple and reliable functioning of the invested a lot in infrastructure capabilities application. The remote working has and building supply chain and warehouse enabled Zoom to grow by 169% in a year networks. It has proven to be a savior in and generating a revenue of 328.2 million the time of the crisis. There were no USD in its first quarter. The usage of the issues on the supply-side with farmer app shot up in March 2020. It was seen partners, mills, and fast-moving to hold approximately 200 million consumer goods (FMCG) companies. meetings in the mentioned month. This Due to this, BigBasket was able to figure rose to 300 million in the following upscale the orders to 300,000 per day. month. Although the rate of growth for The situation led to the optimization of Zoom was considerably noteworthy in the manpower and strategies to deliver preceding quarter, the COVID-19 goods with limited staff. With all the situation flared-up the previous rate of changes made, there was a rise in 78% to almost double. In December productivity by 23% and 5-6 times in 2019, the platform witnessed 10 million orders daily. The team quickly introduced meetings which are 5% of March 2020 community selling and asked apartment meetings. The UK cabinet and 90,000 complexes to put orders together for their schools in 20 countries were among new residents. This helped to utilize a single users of the app. delivery slot and last-mile delivery optimization. Earlier the delivery boys As people are forced to stay confined in used to visit the same locality 3-4 times a their houses, a majority has turned to day but now it has reduced to 3 times a online grocery markets and online week. They partnered with 57 delivery services. Sales of fresh food organizations including the National items and grocery surged as panic- Restaurant Association of India, Uber, etc stricken consumers hoarded basic items. to make sure to ramp up operations with Online food retailers couldn't cope up more people. with the unprecedented demand despite adding more delivery slots. The initial As people are restricted from going out of days of lockdown were a challenge to their houses, traveling has declined. It these retailers as the supply chain of has led to a negative impact on travel items was not flowing smoothly. Different companies and booking sites like reasons such as shortage of delivery staff Expedia, Goibibo, Trivago, MakeMyTrip, and logistical challenges proved to be a Airbnb, and redBus. They have disadvantage to the retailers in spite of a experienced a staggering decline in spike in demand for sales. Most of the business since the spread of coronavirus. migrant workers hired as delivery staff by Expedia reported a larger-than-expected online retailers chose to return to their loss in the first quarter as the coronavirus hometowns in the initial panic caused by imposed stay-at-home guidelines took a the lockdown, thus reducing the huge toll on the travel industry. Other operational capacity of these firms. firms like MakeMyTrip have reported to Grofers and BigBasket companies are cut salaries of the employees and also operating at 60-70% capacity due to reduced the workforce by 60 percent. The manpower shortage and supply leadership team at MakeMyTrip will be constraints. There are lakhs of canceled having a 50 percent pay cut. Due to the orders on both the apps due to a stagnant business, the company has shortage of resources. Grofers have said reduced variable costs like marketing and to hire an additional 2000 temporary advertising. Droom, a used car online warehouse and delivery staff. BigBasket marketplace has implemented a 15% salary cut in April. But it has denied any top five EdTech companies in India. layoffs. According to the reports, India has seen a maximum number of searches for Confined people have turned their online courses post COVID period attention to online entertainment showing the realization of upskilling platforms like Netflix, AmazonPrime, and among the users. Python has been Hotstar for recreational purposes. The widely recognized as the most favorite number of new subscribers on Netflix has language to learn for Data Science and soared up to 16 million in the first three Machine learning. The overall months of this year. The company is least engagement has seen a growth of 8.5% affected by the COVID-19 crisis and in this period. proves to be a perfect fit for a population that is suddenly housebound. Netflix has These were few companies among many made a profit of $709 million (roughly Rs. that have experienced an impact of the 5,445 crores) on revenue of $5.8 billion coronavirus outbreak on their business. (roughly Rs. 44,525 crores) in the first The consequences of the pandemic are three months of this year. Strict long-lasting on companies as well as on confinement rules are keeping billions of nations. Governments across the globe people at home in a bid to curtail the should stress on saving their economy outbreak, effectively providing an and generating different fiscal policies enormous captive audience to that can benefit the loss driven entertainment giants competing in the companies to start once again. The streaming market. But there is no global recession is inevitable but guarantee that the global recession and organizations and countries should put increased competition won't affect Netflix. all their efforts to curb the size of this Amazon Prime has seen a rise of 67% of recession, generate new jobs, and new subscribers during the lockdown. provide a platform for the unemployed to Disney owned Hotstar saw a 41% rise in seek jobs. The pandemic has shown subscriptions while Google's free video everyone how the future is unpredictable platform YouTube saw a 46% rise in the and uncertain. The negative impact can subscription. be reduced only by the organized and strategic decisions of powerful Educational institutes are closed amid corporations. the coronavirus outbreak. It has caused hindrance in education. But a true learner finds his way in every circumstance. Janhavi Tawde Online learning platforms have come into SE COMP B the spotlight as learners have turned their attention to it. 48% of respondents have enrolled in online courses during the lockdown. Byju's saw the highest spike in enrollment with nearly 33% of the respondents. Unacademy and Udemy follow behind with 28% of respondents, equally. Udemy has become the top traffic puller in EdTech companies in India. The US- headquartered online learning and global marketplace had entered India in March last year. Students and professionals who fear layoffs have been prioritizing acquiring new skills. Coursera too has managed to obtain a position among the S Exams and pandemics - T Correlation or Outcome U

Being in the second semester of educational society. Slowly the engineering ,"oh no my exams would economic sector also slowed its pace be there in next month and chemistry and faced many loses. Particularly if does not want to enter my mind. education sector is concerned then Maths, ahh! I don't like you. I love the students academics has been you programming but alas you don't affected a lot because of this COVID D love me! -19 pandemic. Nevertheless as being These were some of the situations of Evolutionary creatures of society a few engineering students and new method was adopted in many suddenly the janata curfew was other colleges. Not a new but now announced and a sort of confusions being widely used method became came into picture. And further online education through platforms lockdown was announced. The such ad zoom, WebEx, etc. whole world was fighting against this E pandemic. Of course I too really did Now as almost all education not wanted this pandemic to enter systems in India are not that India or any other country who was developed to completely depend on not affected by it, and the ones who digital mode of teaching learning were affected should get rid of it as process. soon as possible. But unfortunately it 1. Even if most of the institutes tried struck India with so many struggles to move to digital mode but it was yet to come. According to UNESCO, really difficult for those students who N " The nationwide closers impacting still have almost negligible access to over 60% of the worlds student internet. population and several other 2. The other problem was that many countries have implemented were not prepared to move their localized closures impacting millions curriculum to digital mode. Adapting of additional learners". to only zoom is of course not the only choice. Many of the exams including 3. The Edu channels i.e. Swayam T board exams and entrance exams started by government are also in got held leading to confusion among their developing phase. Also many of the students as they are from different boards din't find their academic requirements from these channels. Nevertheless it is a great step by government for students to learn.

If we consider the positive aspects then, 1. This is a great opportunity for students to learn concepts at their own pace. 2. Also their is large scope of development in digital education mode which will definitely have a great impact on the teaching learning process in developing countries like India. 3. Many new innovative ideas will be adopted by native people to educate themselves from digital mode. 4. Also now students are using their skill as to improve their academics instead of making music videos. As it is said that nothing is impossible. We can fight this situation really well and adapt to a new lifestyles with a good will and passionate work. Only there is a need to focus on our goals and work patiently.

PAYAL KUNWAR FE COMP B 29 S Explored: Cybersecurity and T Hacking U

Cybersecurity and Hacking is a very situation, classification and vast domain for an individual as it monitoring of data at rest, in use and contains everything from web to in motion. darknet, phishing to trojans, Cloud Security provides protection everything about what we can think for data utilized in cloud-based of. The world relies on technology services and applications. D quite more than ever before in times Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) or of this pandemic. As a result, digital Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS) data creation has surged. Today, work is to spot potentially hostile businesses and governments store cyber activity. an excellent deal of that data on Identity and Access Management computers and transmit it across (IAM) is the use of authentication networks to other computers. services to limit and track employee Devices and their underlying access to guard internal systems E systems have vulnerabilities that, from malicious entities. when exploited, undermine the Encryption is the process of health and objectives of an encoding data to render it organization. A data breach can have unintelligible and is usually used massive devastating consequences during data transfer to stop theft in for any business. It can destroy a transit. company's reputation through the Antivirus/anti-malware solutions loss of consumers and partner trust. scan computer systems for known N The loss of critical data such as threats. Modern solutions are even source files or intellectual property ready to detect previously unknown can cost a company its competitive threats that supported their behavior. superiority. Moreover, a data breach Common types of cyber threats can impact corporate revenues due Malware – Malicious software such to non-compliance with data as computer viruses, spyware, protection regulations. Trojan, and keyloggers. Common types of cybersecurity Ransomware – Malware that locks T Data Loss Prevention (DLP) or encrypts data until a ransom protects data by specializing in the arrives. Phishing Attacks – The practice of damage and creating destruction in obtaining sensitive information (e.g., systems. This may be anything from passwords, mastercard information) stealing informations, using malware to through a disguised email, call , or text forcefully shutting down networks using message. denial-of-service attacks. They can do Social engineering – The psychological anything without permission. In simple manipulation of people to get confidential words they are the bad guys. information; often overlaps with phishing. “Gray hat” hackers Mixture of both white Advanced Persistent Threat – An attack and black hackers can be called the during which an unauthorized user gains same, whether someone is a security access to a system or network and specialist or a cybercriminal the majority remains there for an extended period of of their work is usually conducted over your time without being detected. the world wide web. This anonymity After getting details of threats now we get affords them opportunities to try hand at to our next content that it hacking. What both white hat and black hat hacking. does one call someone who hunts for For example, Marcus Hutchins is a security gaps in hardware and software. known grey hat hacker. He's most A hacker, right? What about someone famous for testing and deploying the who presents findings to vendors to WannaCry ransomware (one of the most assist them to improve the standard of famous viruses) until he found a way to their products? There is quite one sort of stop it. During the day, Marcus works for hacker, and understanding the difference the Krypto Logic cybersecurity firm, but is vital . the US government believes he spent free time creating Kronos banking Today, several of those excellent hackers malware. He has been arrested and run multimillion-dollar cybersecurity branded a “gray hat” hacker by the consulting businesses. So what should government. you call someone who uses their The world of cybersecurity or hacking or knowledge for good and for the purpose whatever we say is far more complicated of a company or society? Let us get into than the stylized hacking in Hollywood it: movies. Here we don't get the things by “White hat” hackers Mostly referred to as certain clocks and rather everyone gives ethical hackers or plain old network their 100% day and night for a small security specialists, these are the good thing. Internet-based warfare is not as guys that protect us from attacks. simple as good guys vs. bad guys and it Whether it's selling what they find to certainly does not give small businesses hardware and software vendors in “bug a pass. bounty” programs or working as full-time technicians white hat hackers or ethical Utkrisht Sharma hackers are just interested in making an SE COMP B honest buck. Linus Torvald is a great example of a white hat hacker, After years of experimenting with the operating system on his computer, he finally released Linux(What we use today), a secure open-source operating system. “Black hat” hackers What it says is what we get, Closer to the definition that most people outside the IT world know and use, black hat hackers create programs and campaigns solely for causing S Facial Recognition Technology T from an Ethical Standpoint U

“Facial recognition software can pick chose Hanwang Technology, a local a person out of a crowd, but the Chinese company for their services. vending machine at work can't It was able to detect people wearing recognize a dollar with a bent corner” masks in public areas. -anonymous Countries like India and Russia are also following suit by implementing D Facial recognition is an immensely similar technology to monitor crowd powerful technology. It promises to movement and curb the spread of present opportunities to ease up the pandemic. operations and aid enforcement to On the business side, multinational government, police, and healthcare companies like Amazon are offering bodies by confirming identifications their facial recognition services via during booking, finding missing or their cloud service known as Amazon wanted people, and preventing Web Services. E identity thefts. As the world is preparing to ease the lockdown restrictions and resume life Use of this technology in the current and business as it was before, it is pandemic important to place proper rules and structure in place to mitigate the COVID-19 has opened the doors for chances of a second wave. various companies to showcase their facial recognition capability while Ethical Viewpoint N helping the governments curb unwanted movement and prevent the The issue of ethics has arisen in infected individuals from further areas from necessity, impartiality, spreading the disease. bias, connivance, accountability, and The use of this technology was first errors. Many software developers observed in China, where the aren't comfortable developing pandemic first appeared. technology for public safety. China's Ministry of Public Security In countries with governance T was the first government body to systems like the USA, there are implement this technology and they many jurisdictions on local, state, and federal levels. Outside groups worry trace the person's movements as close that a patchwork deployment will lead to as possible to the time they disappeared. unethical use without oversight. Once more in this scenario we can With the Indian government recently deploy surveillance cameras with the announcing to create up the world's combined strength of facial detection largest identity verification database for software's to go looking out the person police use, the time has never been riper and track them through a network of for the citizens to question the ethics and cameras. handling of their private data. Many Medical uses: biometric identification activists and critics also indicate that technology is actively utilized in medicine. such activity will put India on a similar At the moment, biometric authentication path of China-style mass surveillance. tech is applied to dispense medication Many concerns still wrap around the supported by a facial scan, an innovation issue of privacy. Who will own facial in biometric scanning. image data? How will the police and peace team share this information? Will it The law authorities and the government be securely stored or will it prone to the should introduce strict policies for danger of malicious attacks? Facial companies dealing with facial recognition recognition should be checked by limits technology such as an open and to prevent improper applications and transparent collection and monitoring of abuse. Unrestricted, biometric data. Make sure that the data which they authentication could allow enforcement are storing is up to the latest world and other government bodies to scan security standards to prevent hacking crowds during large protests, political and data breaches. events, or religious ceremonies, and Proper testing of every product must be catalog or sort individuals based on their done to check if it meets the set vested interests. standards before allowing a company to Many tech companies are also following sell its services. suit. A proper penalty must be instigated for Microsoft wiped its massive facial rule breakers to deter companies from recognition database MS Cleb which establishing subpar standards. housed more than 10 million images in If a company is using it in their private wake of certain bodies abusing its area, then they must take the consult of technology. the people working there before using IBM's chief executive Mr.Arivind Krishna this technology. recently wrote a letter to the US congress Governments using it in public areas that they would no longer be selling its should be completely transparent about it facial recognition technology to and how they are collecting, storing, and government bodies including the police processing their data. body which was prior operating the All in all, facial recognition technology technology for mass surveillance and must be first be properly developed with racial profiling. ethical and transparent values in mind before it can be implemented. Facial recognition isn't all negative, with the monitored and ethical usage of the technology it can help humanity in some Saurabh Shetty ways such as: SE COMP B Finding missing people -When people go missing, there is a limited period to hunt out them before the probabilities reduce significantly. One in every of the starting points for several investigations is to S FINTECH IN THE AGE OF A T PANDEMIC U

Apart from having serious the current environment and position repercussions on people's health, themselves to succeed in the long COVID-19 is significantly impacting run. They have various features that businesses and the economy. With give them the agility required to Covid-19 quickly racing towards the develop and deliver new solutions. 10 million mark, the global economic As this pandemic is causing many D outlook has been deteriorating, mass countries to go on lockdown, Fintech layoffs have been implemented companies are contributing by across all sectors. However during providing relief to individuals and this pandemic, FinTech is nothing but businesses coping with the a blessing in disguise due to its wide- consequences of this outbreak. They ranging applications and the can also provide a framework for potential it holds for the future is incorporating technological unparalleled. opportunities to promote access and E It is a known fact that this pandemic use of transaction accounts and can has posed an unprecedented help to cope with the economic challenge to the banking sector consequence of the crisis. which has deprived many multi- Many companies are helping to billion dollar companies as well as facilitate financial relief. For example, startups of proper cash flow due to A project called “Covid Credit project” lack of a proper digital financial was launched after an system. A well structured digital announcement by the U.K. N financial technology system will government regarding an ensure secure, low-cost, and emergency financial support contactless financial tools during the package for furloughed employed crisis. workers. The U.K. fintech community re-grouped and within 48 hours they COVID-19, a turning point for created a working prototype of the FinTech? project. Similarly, Zaggle, an Indian FinTech's tend to have an advantage FinTech offering prepaid card T due to technology, that allows them services has found its turning point in to create new ways of contributing in this outbreak. Infact, PayPal has recorded a strong second quarter because of the fact that people are switching to digital means. FinTech companies have an opportunity to work closely with businesses to help them mobilise, stabilise and return to work. Technologies used for FinTech

As Computer Engineering students, this is where we can step in and contribute the most. Through the means of FinTech, we can not only help solve the crisis but also shape the future. The most used technologies are Blockchain, Big Data, Hybrid Cloud, APIs, Robotic Process Automation (RPA), Artificial Intelligence and Data Science.

Future of FinTech: The new normal post COVID-19

The innovative spirit of FinTech, along with the capacity to adapt and mobilize rapidly, will no doubt serve well in the challenging times that lie ahead.

According to a study by Ernst & Young, “Unless banks, businesses and FinTech firms get better at working together, neither will reap the full benefits of innovation” and this age of pandemic is perfect for incorporating FinTech in the corporate ecosystem as we further step into a new wave of digital era. For the banking system, the new normal marks the end of their experimentation. Over the past few years, banks have been obsessed with FinTech partnerships. It's their way of convincing themselves that they're innovating and not getting left behind as the whole world undergoes a digital transformation.The luxury of experimenting with fintech is gone. Banks will need to accelerate their investments in fintech because it will be a necessity in the post pandemic corporate world. This is just the beginning. The FinTech has arrived to stay.

Atharva Kulkarni FE COMP B 26 S Gradient Descent for Deep T Learning Models U

In today's world after the COVID-19 lower loss which in turn directs the outbreak, Deep Learning (DL) is model towards a better prediction. needed more than ever, DL Different optimization algorithms are applications can be used to detect if as follow: a person is wearing a mask or not or 1) Gradient Descent if two people are too close to each 2) Momentum D other using live video footage. These 3) RMSProp applications can be used in various 4) Adam companies, colleges, public places and almost everywhere. Optimization Among all these algorithms, gradient algorithms are the backbone of these descent is the simplest and the one DL applications that helps them to which we will discuss further. make all kind of decisions. Without an optimization algorithm none of the Gradient Descent E DL applications that we see today Gradient descent is a generic would have been possible, so let's method that can optimise any dive deep into them. differentiable loss function. Suppose What are optimization algorithms? we have a loss function J(w) and we In deep learning, we have a forward want to minimize it we take random propagation and a backward initialization of weights. It denotes a propagation. When the forward point on the surface of the loss propagation takes place for the first function and of course, the surface of N time we randomly predict the the loss function can be very outcome and the loss function tells difficulty us how good or bad the prediction is (if the value is low then good prediction and if the value is high then bad prediction). In back propagation, we try to modify the weights of the model such that it T results in a lower loss for the next iteration. Optimization algorithms optimize the weights thus resulting in For convenience, we will consider a Finally, we can visualize the overall result simple surface. We have to modify the as follows:- weights such that it should result in lower Here, as the number of iterations loss. For this purpose, we have to take increase the weights are optimised to help of calculus (derivatives to be give a lower and lower value for the loss precise). We calculate the derivative of thus moving towards a minima on the the loss function with respect to the surface of the loss function. Note that this weights as dw. Note that, dw represents is only a 3D representation for better the direction of the steepest ascent and visualization and in practical applications, thus, we subtract dw from the w (w - dw), loss functions can have far more so as to descent towards the minima. We dimension than just three. multiply dw with a variable alpha also The method we discussed above is also known as the learning rate. called as Batch Gradient Descent (BGD) as it updates the parameters when it has done iterating through the whole data set, but computing loss for the whole dataset and then taking its mean to update parameters can take up a huge amount Note that J is used to denote loss of space. We can update the parameters function and theta is used to denote for every item in the dataset thus parameters (weights) here. reducing the amount of memory need; Learning rate is a configurable this method is known as Stochastic hyperparameter used in the training of Gradient Descent (SGD). neural networks that has a small positive But even SGD has a drawback, it's loss value, often in the range between 0.0 and and accuracy curve has a lot of noise and 1.0. If alpha is too small, gradient descent thus cannot be trusted on the other hand can be slow, but on the other hand, if it is too large, gradient descent can overshoot the minima i.e. it may fail to converge or even diverge.

BGD has a very smooth curve but takes a lot of memory, we can now combine these two methods to form Mini Batch Gradient Descent, in this method we update the parameters only for a fixed amount of items, the group of an item is known as a batch and so the name mini- batch. This method gives a relatively smooth curve as compared to SGD and takes up less space as compared to BGD, thus having the advantages of both the methods. We can observe in this graph that the curve for SGD is noisier than BGD.

Other optimizations algorithms are Momentum, Nesterov Momentum, RMSProp, Adam, AdaGrad, AdaDelta and many more, discussion of which is beyond the reach of this article, but the internet is full of articles on these algorithms and I encourage you all to read those too.

-Devavrat Singh Bisht SE COMP A 09 S How Blockchain Technology Enabled Humanity to Fight the T Pandemic? U

Many people did not know about Document. When we create a what blockchain actually is. document and share it with a group Blockchain was launched in the year of people, the document is 2010. It was first outlined by Stuart distributed or shared instead of Haber and W.Scott Stornetta in the copied or transferred. This generates year 1991.It was majorly highlighted a decentralized distribution chain that D by the unknown person named gives access of the document to Satoshi Nakamoto. Satoshi everyone at the same time. No one Nakamoto is the name used by the will stick awaiting changes from presumed alias, who can be a single another party, while all changes to person or group of persons. He has the document are being recorded in stated that work on the writing of the real-time, making modification code for bitcoin began in 2007. On completely transparent. 18 August 2008, he or a colleague People believe that blockchain is a E registered the domain name technology that empowers Bitcoin. bitcoin.org and created a website on Originally, this was its main that name. He published a paper on application but, blockchain is 31 October 2008 on the competent of so much more. cryptography mailing list at Regardless of the sound of a word, metzdowd.com describing a digital there's not just one blockchain. cryptocurrency, titled "Bitcoin: A Blockchain is shorthand for the entire Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash suite of distributed ledger N System”. Blockchain is a technologies that can be decentralized technology also programmed to track record and referred to as Distributed Ledger track anything of merit, from medical Technology, which makes the history records to financial transactions or of any digital asset unalterable and even land titles. Now you might be transparent through the use of thinking we already have processes decentralization as well as in place to track data and what's so cryptographic hashing. A simple special about blockchain? Let's T example for understanding break down the reasons why blockchain technology is a Google blockchain technology is here to revolutionize the way we handle the lockdown order was given. Blockchain pandemic. The first reason is the way it has the ability to solve problems found in records and stores data. Blockchain various industries. Blockchain stores data in batches called blocks that applications in education are as important are connected together in a chronological as the tech application in cryptocurrency. fashion to form a continuous chain of The blockchain applications in education blocks. If you make changes to data consist of record management, identity recorded in a particular block, you will not management, and others. Students have rewrite it as an alternative. Changes are various records to keep. These consist of kept in a brand new block, for example, A modules, attendance & payments. All changed to B at a particular time and these records belong to universities, date. instead, they can be stored on the How can blockchain be used to fight blockchain, where data is not going to against pandemic?? Blockchain is being change. The students can access their used by many governments for managing personal data without the problem of medical data, healthcare IT systems, and contacting universities whenever they sharing information. Now scientists are want. The University of Nicosia has considering blockchain as a powerful tool already developed a blockchain system in enhancing the existing healthcare to record student's data such as systems and preventing future attendance, grades & more. pandemics. The challenges of pandemic 3. Cross Border Payment Solution & the possibilities of using blockchain in One of the perks of blockchain the sectors of need. There are various technology is to facilitate global financial frameworks for facing pandemics by the transactions. As already established use of blockchain technology: centralized financial institutions are crippled, worldwide payment solutions require the best method in the form of blockchain-powered cryptocurrencies. 1. Patient Data Management 4. How blockchain can help to sustain the We can use API with blockchain Economy technology which can be the most secure Money as the carrier of the disease has way to preserve the patient's identity as been stress in this pandemic. Now we well as do data analysis faster compared can see digital cash as an alternate to the traditional way. With the help of method. The health crisis also becomes API, the patient can have an option who an economic crisis, closing off the should have access to their electronic outbreak of supply chain credit. We are health records. They should give the looking at blockchain-based financial option to provide partial or full access. solutions such as Chained Finance & When a patient gives access to his/her decentralized models of fundraising data and gives a public key then the efforts to respond to the crisis. provider uses the medical application to With the help of blockchain technology, access health data to decrypt and donation tracking, supply chain solutions, authenticate digital signature to access healthcare surveillance, spreading health blockchain and health records. In awareness, and tracking infections can health blockchain, a list of all health also be efficient. records & data is collected throughout a By now you must have got a basic idea patient's life. It should also include the about "How we can fight against type & location of the data. pandemics?" using blockchain. 2. Peer-to-Peer Online Learning Blockchain technology can help in With the pandemic of coronavirus, there creating preventive policies, vaccine has been a significant disruption in development & verification, drug education across all sectors as the development & trials, treatment plans - and all of this eventually helps us to prevent pandemics. With easy access to such information, the containment of a virus becomes feasible and also helps the health department as well. While blockchain holds assurance for the health industry, many blockchain researchers warned a certain number of problems, including the cost of operation, data standardization, and regulatory considerations are still need to be addressed, prior to this blockchain technology is widely adopted. With this, all the problems related to the pandemic could be solved rather quickly.

Hrutuja Saswade, SE-COMP-B Arif Chaudhary, SE-COMP-B S How Pandemics End T U

In 2020, as the world stares into the there have been eight pandemics face of a global threats such as since 1900s. These records do not COVID-19. It is important to include MERS and Ebola and understand the nature of this disease classify them as epidemics. The and how this will come to an end. A earliest recorded pandemic was in pandemic is a disease that affects 430 BC in Athens. A disease, D several countries. Delving deeper in passing from Africa to ancient the etymology of the word, pandemic Greece, killed two third of the comes from Greek words 'pan' which Athenian population. Also resulting a means all and 'demos' which means major setback against the Spartans people. A pandemic is not to be (a small city-state in Ancient Greece) confused with an epidemic which in the Peloponnesian war. The means a disease that affects several plague finally ended when the people communities inside the country finally either died, got immune or fled E borders. COVID-19 is a pandemic. the city. Another deadly plague that However, obesity is an epidemic in hit the world was Plague of Justinian USA. Endemic is another category of in 541 CE. It is estimated that it diseases which means a sickness reduced the world population to half that prevails in certain group of by affecting Europe, Africa and Asia. people or a geographical area. An With no knowledge of such fatal example of same would be, infection, people only hoped to chickenpox which usually affects survive by avoiding the infected. The N children under the age of 10. After plague is assumed to have ended in exposure to the virus, the children the similar fashion as the Plague of then develop an immunity. Athens ended. Another important With the largescale outbreak of pandemic that took place in the COVID-19, it has become imperative human history is the Black Death in to understand our history and learn 1347. This was the first time the how grave diseases were curbed in system of quarantine was the past. Since the middle ages, implemented on a large scale by the T there was have about dozens of Venetians. By the end of this pandemics. On an official record, pandemic, it had claimed 40 crore The first category of vaccine is live and attenuated vaccine. This category of vaccine is made of whole bacteria or virus. It is weakened by chemical or physical means and introduced into the body. This helps in development of immunity against the infection. The vaccine of measles and mumps is produced in the above said fashion. The second type of vaccine is inactivated or killed bacteria type. As the name suggest in this type of vaccines, is prepared from dead bacteria substance. Toxoids are the third category. Every bacteria ooze toxic lives. The smallpox pandemic marked proteins. These proteins are extracted beginning of the advancement as far as and are further processed to make a the history of pandemics is taken into vaccine. Vaccine for tetanus is one such account. As the pandemic broke out in vaccine which made as such. the new world in 15th century, it killed Subunit/conjugate vaccine is the last about 3 out 10 infected people. Other category of vaccine. In this, a specific went on to gain the immunity. As it part of the germs is extracted to produce reached Americas, it claimed the lives of nearly 90% to 95% natives as they had no immunity against the virus. Later in the 18th century, a British doctor called Edward Jenner discovered that people who are infected with a milder cowpox virus develop resistance against the smallpox virus. This later became a revolutionary vaccine that helped the world eradicate smallpox virus from the face of the earth. From various studies it is concluded that most dangerous disease in the past were always dealt with by keeping a distance a vaccine. Examples of disease such from the infected people until there was a vaccines cure are Hepatitis B, influenza vaccine or other medication that could etc. Inspite of high utility, in rare cases, help them fight the virus or develop an vaccines have shown allergic reactions immunity. and side effects. A very crucial part of the ending a Other medications popular medications pandemic is finding the cure or a vaccine like antibiotics, paracetamol, ibuprofen is to be precise. Vaccines are biological used to treat a patient when they substances that are produced by the help encounter the infection. Antibiotics differ of the micro-organism. It helps a person from vaccine as vaccine is the preventive to develop immunity against a particular measure that help us gain immunity. disease. Vaccines are injected in the However, antibiotics kill the germs muscle layer or below the skin debunking indiscriminately. Vaccines are highly the belief of it being injected into the specific. Medicines like paracetamol and blood vessels. There are many ways in ibuprofen are used to supress symptoms which a vaccine can be prepared. The like fever and body ache. They do not spectrum is huge, but it can broadly be cure any disease. Though these divided into four categories. medications have long term side effects just like vaccines but are widely used for their benefits. With the scenario of the current pandemic, the world is rapidly changing. COVID-19 has vastly affected the human population. It has resulted is sudden rise is death rates across countries. It has shaken the global economy and governments. But technology is a sector that has rapidly changed and advanced regardless of the adversities. The world is in a race to find the cure for the virus. Previously the process of vaccine production could take years. The process of developing, testing and manufacturing is rigorous and long. It is hoped that the cure would soon be found. This alone, however, would not solve all problem. Once the vaccine is developed, problems like monetisation on the cure, politics and the spirit of competition would rage in. On the bright side, other medications are being used on critical patients such as plasma treatment. This is saving a lot of lives. Few pills and injections are also available for patients who have contacted with the infection. Nevertheless, these are very expensive and are only given to certain patients. Till the time a cure is developed and this pandemic is eradicated, it is imperative to remember that prevention is better that cure. The policy of social distancing has been effective in history and would be miraculous if everyone follows it religiously. And maybe that is how this pandemic might end.

Shailja Jadon FE COMP A (61) \ S How Pandemics has changed T our Lives U

Will this pandemic change the world COVID-19 pandemic has surely completely? Will these changes showed us immense scope of continue after the lockdown is lifted? improvement and how even small Will we be able to sustain ourselves in lifestyle changes can bring about a this “New-Normal”? drastic change in the environment. The questions are in future tense, we The pandemic has affected various D may or may not be able to answer sectors such as Education, Real these questions right away, but we Estate, Automobile, Aviation, Micro, surely can take hold of our present. Small and Medium Enterprises Many, literally many questions arise in (MSMEs), Tourism and Hospitality our minds when WHO declared the Sector at a large scale and are bearing outbreak of Coronavirus as pandemic, the brunt of coronavirus outbreak. It government had to take the major step has tremendously affected the i.e. declaring the lockdown to contain families' employment and ability to E the virus and the COVID-19 cases are meet basic needs. People are finding still on the rise. It seems like it has it difficult to acquaint themselves in come to stay for long. It has been this type of living where technology months we are still in lockdown. The plays a dominant role. Children and businesses have been shut, school adolescents' lifestyle behaviours, and colleges are closed, travel is such as physical activity and banned. This has also led to break in sedentary behaviour has been the global supply chain and thus, drastically impacted due to the N affected the global economy brutally. prolonged school closures and home Due to which we have seen that there confinement during the COVID-19 is a rapid adoption of online platforms pandemic. Let us have a glance at by mostly every business, industry, how this COVID-19 pandemic has schools and institutions. As a citizen of changed the lifestyle and society a country, we all are abiding by the around us. rules led by the government and The good things to approach – strictly following it. It's surely hard on Nowadays, we see that people all T all of us, but we are here to survive and across the country are opting a stay strong. healthy diet and lifestyle, building good immunity, maintaining hygiene and Technology knowledge is necessary, but proper sanitation. People have become there are still some things that the more and more hygiene conscious. The industry/schools are finding difficult such ritual of washing hands, sanitizing things as it has majorly affected the exams before use, that started as compulsion has process. Teachers not much acquainted become more like a habit. People are now with various technologies have to learn it prioritizing their health more than ever. The as it has become a part of their job. new condition has also compromised Students of government schools are maintaining the healthy diet as well as finding it tough to accommodate regular physical activity, though themselves with this technology due to maintaining the correct nutrition status is lack of unavailability of resources (no Wi-fi, crucial. Social distancing and wearing a no smartphones, no better internet mask in public is going to stay for a while connectivity) and hence, finding it tough to now until the cure is not found. Though it is sustain. Surely, nowadays life is more like a good time now to engage with your 'living at work' than 'work from home'. family, play games, reviving old hobbies Digital life has become a detox. may also be interesting. We know that due to pandemic the pace at The pandemic has given a huge lift to the which the things were going have slowed online learning platforms. The educational down and hence to match up with the pace, institutions have taken online education to we all are working very diligently day and a new level by offering classes, courses in night to meet the requirements. But also an innovative way. Educational Institutions one should make sure that it doesn't harm are trying their best to comfort and engage your health. As we discussed earlier, a students to online platforms by providing healthy lifestyle is must. Time has just ample of resources such as digital library reversed itself to let us know that we aren't and various courses for free and also any machines or robots, we are humans, effective use of platforms such as Google work and money is not always the priority, Classroom, Google Meet, Zoom, etc. to health is too. Your health is majorly always engage students in some or the dependent on the surroundings and other activity. On the other hand, students environment you live in. This thought would are also being able to utilize this time and have definitely stuck in your mind when we take the maximum benefit of it, as students were being always told to keep cleanliness can learn at their own pace and with full in our surroundings, proper sanitation, flexibility. Work from Home(WFH) has simple little things like Wash your hands been the major change that has become before eating, always carry a the part of our lives. Though it won't be new handkerchief, cover your mouth while to many IT companies in the West and in coughing or sneezing, do not litter, throw many parts of India that have been garbage in the dustbin and most practicing it with perfection. The culture importantly the 3 R's (Reduce, Reuse, has seeped into our living rooms. Even if Recycle). Ample of such things right from people get back to work, there is going to the beginning of our education were be a marked difference in the way people taught. But still we were absolutely conduct themselves at work. From careless about it and now we have to face meetings, offline classes to tea breaks to the consequences. They rightly say that having lunch with colleagues, everything 'What goes around comes around'. Wish will be done differently. that we all would have followed these Difficult things in hand – In this pandemic, instructions and made it our habit and not Technology has definitely proved to be a just following it because we were saviour. As majority of the businesses, compelled. Never the late, this pandemic industries, schools and institutions are now has been eye opening for all of us but now it using online platforms. We are left with no definitely seems like it has come to change choice but to accommodate to this change. our way of living. Human beings are amazing at adapting to any kind of environment, so even before we realize, all these lifestyle changes will seem to be the new normal. Definitely the Coronavirus has brought the world to its knees, but in spite of all the challenges the world is facing, we should be brave enough to fight Covid-19 and adapt ourselves to the “New-Normal”. We can rightly say that Nature is Healing in a right way. It is no lie or a secret. “Everything we do before a pandemic will seem alarmist. Everything we do after a pandemic will seem inadequate. This is the dilemma we face, but it should not stop us from doing what we can to prepare. We need to reach out to everyone with words that inform, but not inflame. We need to encourage everyone to prepare, but not panic.” - Michael O. Leavitt

- Sakshi Singh TE-COMP-B-(44) S HOW TECH ENABLED HUMANITY T TO FACE COVID-19 PANDEMIC U

Humans are using technology for prohibited, International boundaries past few decades and it has certainly closed and such a plethora of such played an important role in the measures were implemented. The development of almost all the fields. only things that were allowed were Alongwith the enhancement in essential services. For obvious technology, the human dependency safety concerns, all the people D on technology is also increasing. We stayed home as nobody wanted to all spend a lot of time with go outside and expose themselves to technology - car, train, mobile, the chance of contracting the computer, microwave, refrigerator, disease. While everyone was back etc. Now carrying just one mobile home, the world halted for a phone with us, we can do most of moment. But we humane don't want our day to day activities like digital to stop ourselves while we are at payment, banking activity, news, home. So we explored and thrived E online shopping , music, video, with the help of the technology, movies, learning, games and many carrying out our daily work from our more. A day without a technology homes. The fact that we couldn't almost seems impossible today. commute didn't get in our way. In the current digital era of enhanced Although pandemics in the past have technology, this is the first time we affected the world on a large scale, are facing a serious pandemic. A yet today's scenario differed a lot pandemic caused by an extremely because technology helped maintain N contagious and invisible virus. In a certain level of calm. It has aided order to control the spread of the us in many ways to fight against the contagious virus, i.e. coronavirus, coronavirus outbreak. In this Governments all around the world pandemic situation, almost imposed strict lockdown. In lockdown everything has changed, as working all the shops, markets, malls, offices, from home is now mandatory for all colleges and schools were closed. professionals and no longer an The sports tournaments stopped, option, students now have to learn T gatherings banned, movement of through online platforms, the people outside their homes seminars have changed into webinars, online lectures replacing fresh Indian Government launched Arogya live ones, wearing masks too is not Setu application. unusual now, etc. 4) Services Here are some areas in which technology While we are staying at home, we don't helped us to manage the pandemic. need to go outside. So with the help of 1) To Spread Awareness the technology we can do our all day to A lot of misinformation was passed onto day activities like for grocery shopping we all across WhatsApp, YouTube and can order it online, attending lecture and Facebook about Covid-19 which caused meeting through various platforms, panic among the people. In order to counseling with doctors online, etc. tackle false information, companies like Government also used online portals to Google, Facebook, and YouTube are provide e-pass if anyone wants to go working tirelessly to guide people to somewhere in any kind of emergency. In proper legalized information such as that some cities and states hospitals remain published by WHO or local authorities undercapacitated, hence many patients and the respective Governments. By had to run to 3-4 hospitals before getting providing the right information to the allotted. Thus, the government started an population, it helps them to take right online website or application to show the steps and prevents wrong ones. availability of beds in the each and every 2) For Vaccine development hospital and covid care centers. Whenever the pandemic occurs the first 5) Safety and Precautions question asked by the people is whether Many engineers and scientists built there is a medicine available to cure it or efficient equipment and application for a vaccine to prevent the disease. The safety and precautionary purposes. world now wants to control the spread of Equipment that can be used without Covid-19 and has accelerated the search necessary physical contact, UV ray of a vaccine in order to reach this goal. sanitization machine, low-cost ventilators, Technology is helping to boost the applications regarding social distancing process for making a vaccine. AI is and awareness, etc. playing an important role in suggesting 6) Mathematics Modelling components of a vaccine by We don't know when this pandemic will understanding viral protein structures and end, but with the help of technology we help to predict the structure of the virus. can predict it, rather pre-plan it. So with AI is simply making it easier for scientists the help of math and data modelling, to find a suitable cure. taking some assumptions we can predict 3) Controlling the spread how many cases will occur in the near We all know how important it is to control future. This means Governments could the spread of coronavirus so as to put an take measures prior to an event and it end to the pandemic. To control the also informs us about the peak times and pandemic, the first thing to do is to limit dormant times of the spread. Although it's spread, isolate the infected people mathematics modelling prediction is not and quarantine the ones showing always totally accurate, it helps in many symptoms. Tech played an important role others ways. in tracing contact and spreading. It Conclusion helped to inform people about infected Even though we are having an people in their vicinities, use of data to abundance of advanced technological monitor the rate, etc. Even CCTV help to our side, we haven't been able to cameras along with facial recognition stop the outbreak or developed a vaccine technologies can help in identifying and to date, several people are losing infected people who break the rules and their lives due to the virus. This explains step out despite being quarantined. For that we were not prepared for this kind of few such precautionary purposes, the pandemic situation. So the next pandemic is not a matter of “if it happens”, but “when it happens”. Would we be prepared in advance against the pandemic at an individual and collective level? The word you're looking for is preparedness. Indeed, technology has advanced more and will continue too exponentially, but the human institutions and societies need to accelerate in adapting to it and continue investing in building such systems in order to be fully prepared. After the COVID-19 outbreak, it is evident that, from AI to robotics, the technology innovations are helping us manage the epidemic and better equip to fight future public health emergencies in a timely, systematic, and calm manner.

Aman Syed FE COMP C 33 S How Technology has helped T ght coronavirus U

The Indian government imposed a mode of payment might carry the lockdown on March 25th 2020 due to virus. This makes online payments outspread of COVID-19 virus. As a the safest and most recommended measure to contain the virus all the mode of money transfer. People shops, malls, theatre, schools and have started using and getting D public spaces got closed. This gave comfortable with this way of payment technology a huge opportunity. and giving mobile apps like Google- pay, Phone-Pe, Paytm an Opportunity #1: opportunity to prove how technology 3D printing technology has improved can be useful. and has a massive scope in developing quality products. A single Opportunity #4: printer can produce a variety of Now that the whole country being E products based on different design locked. Many companies have asked files and materials, and simple parts their employees to work from home. can be made onsite quickly without Technology has played a very requiring a lengthy procurement important role in the smooth process and waiting time for the functioning of this. shipment to arrive. Technologies including virtual private networks (VPNs), voice over internet Opportunity #2: protocols (VoIPs), virtual meetings, N The online shopping business went cloud technology, work collaboration from a nice-to-have to must-have. tools and even facial recognition The pandemic boosted the e- technologies that enable a person to commerce platform in India and appear before a virtual background delivered all the necessary products to preserve the privacy of the home. with the safety and precautionary Along with School and College being measures needed. closed technology has provided an online platform for learning. T Opportunity #3: Conducting lectures and giving The online payment services have assignments using the various tech picked up. Cash being the largest available has cleared many contained as much as possible and proper measures can be taken. It improves surveillance, contact tracing. One of the simplest tech used in this app is Bluetooth. When two smartphones with the app installed in them come in each other's Bluetooth range the app will exchange information. If one of the user is positive, the other person will be alerted about the possibility of being infected.

This lockdown and being quarantined has prepared everyone for digitalization and demonstrated the importance of technology which allows the flow of business and life to be as normal as obstacles we would face if such tech possible. Building the necessary didn't exist. infrastructure to support the latest technologies will be essential for any Opportunity #5: country to remain competitive in the Although isolation has reduced physical coming years. interaction, Technology has given a platform for people to be creative. The Harshith Maragal film industry has been releasing movies SE A online. People have the facility to watch movies and web series online to keep themselves entertained.

Many lives have been lost due to this novel virus outbreak and the number is increasing as the days pass. The Indian government introduced the "Aarogya setu" app to make the citizens of India aware of people affected in their surroundings so that the situation can be S Impact of Lockdown due to T COVID-19 Outbreak U

It's almost been 6 months since the for all of us to rise to the occasion world learnt of a new disease called during these testing times. the Covid-19 which has changed Whichever way it goes, COVID 19 is many things in our lives. While going to affect our lifestyles and lives initially, the challenge was fighting for some time now. D against the virus, it is established Changes in the way we learn now that this is the new normal. In Learning has always been one of his Ted talks in 2015, tech associated with attending classes in giant Bill Gates had predicted that the physical form. Of course, online viruses pose the greatest risk of learning and certifications have also global catastrophe; when compared been around. But with COVID, the to other threats of humanity. If entire gamut of classes has gone anything kills over 10 million people online. Covid has given a huge lift to E over the next few decades, it's most online learning both in the metros likely to be a highly infectious virus and non-metros. Educational rather than a war or missiles, he institutions, business organisations warned. His fears were not among others, have taken online unfounded. Five years later, education to a new level by offering Coronavirus or as we say Covid 19, classes, coaching and courses in an has brought the world to its knees. innovative way to keep their Businesses have been shut, schools audience hooked at these times of N and colleges are closed, travel lockdown. In India, students and banned. The whole world is in a professionals are signing up for complete lockdown. No one knows online classes- from entrance exams how long the current wave will go on. like JEE and NEET or for upskilling, Experts predict that Coronavirus may the demand has grown manifold. go off like the SARS virus or keeping According to reports, courses on recurring like the seasonal flu. But cybersecurity, cloud, DevOps, AI and as they say, adversity creates data science have witnessed a jump T opportunities. Covid-19 may have of 15% in March. turned our lives upside down but it A Rise in Hygiene Consciousness has certainly provided an opportunity There is certainly more focus on overall hygiene after the outbreak of the documentaries on various subscription- Corona Virus. People have started taking based services like Netflix, Hotstar, personal hygiene more seriously. The Amazon Prime, etc or the television. New ritual of washing hands, sanitizing things movies are also planned to be released before use, that started as a compulsion online on these platforms. Musical is becoming a habit. Now that the concerts, theatre performances or talks lockdown has been relaxed in many parts are all being streamed online. Online of the country and people are venturing gaming is another entertainment avenue. out of their homes, commonly used While it is normal to spend more time surfaces like the door handle, elevator online, do not forget to give yourself a buttons, work areas, shops will see more break from the devices once in a while. disinfection and sanitising happening. It is Moreover, it is also a good time to good for you to keep your efforts at engage with your family, and do activities maintaining high levels of hygiene at that are fun for everyone. Reviving your home and your workplaces. Make use of old hobbies or learning something new masks in public places and do not let may also be interesting. your guard down just yet. Work-life changes Coronavirus has changed the way The Big Question is that will these everyone works. For most of us, it has changes continue after the lockdown is been work from home and looks like the lifted? A first look at these changes same is going to continue for some more reveals that people from all walks of life time. Well, honestly speaking it was have imbibed the alterations. Digital life never a new concept. Many IT companies has become a detox. Watching live in the West and even in India has been youtube shows for hours have become practising it with perfection. Quite a few popular. Similarly, people are getting companies like Twitter and the Square used to WFH culture. According to our have allowed their employees to work Law Minister Ravi Shankar Prasad, WFH from home forever. Covid 19 has taken it will become a norm in the post-Covid to another level with almost all world. Sanitizing things before use, is companies asking its employees to WFH. likely to continue, as people have Even if people get back to work, there is recognized the need to stay healthy more going to be a marked difference in the so, with no vaccine on Covid insight for a way people conduct themselves at work. long time to come. Social distancing and From meetings to tea breaks to having wearing mask in public is also going to lunch with colleagues, everything will be stay for a while. But then, the bigger done differently. Being at work may seem question remains: Is India's infrastructure isolating and less motivating due to the well equipped to sustain these changes social distancing norms in place. It is when things normalize? More importantly, good to be prepared for the changes will these changes enhance our economy even before you get back to your or infuse more trouble in terms of workplace and not let the changes affect employment? The answer lies in how your productivity at work. things will shape up in a few months. Till Changes in the way we entertain then, it's wait and watch. ourselves Vacations, movies, a visit to the mall or Rushi Mehta even dining out with friends and family all SE COMP A seems remote. The modes of entertainment have reduced. The current focus is on being safe. So many of our entertainment-related activities happen online, whether it is watching movie or S Impact of Social Media during T COVID-19 U

As we all know that since the locate the best nearby hospital pandemic of COVID-19 has started it available to the patient. Along with has become impossible or rather this, the blood plasmas of the very difficult for people to commute recovered COVID patients who have from one place to another. As a played a major role in curing the result of this, the physical COVID patients can be easily found D communication between people has out with the help of social media stopped and they can interact with websites. Also, people are helping each other only through virtual financially weak persons by providing means. This has made social media them with money with the help of a very important platform to interact social media. Recently a man lost his with people all around the world. mangoes worth 30,000 rupees as People from all walks of life are using some people stole it from him. When social media to express their opinion, this news came on social media he E register their complaints or requests was repaid almost 8 lakh rupees by to the government. Hence it can be the people through the online easily identified that social media has payments. made an important impact during this 2) Entertainment pandemic. But the impact has been It is very difficult for people to stay seen in both directions. It had a positive throughout this pandemic as positive as well as a negative impact there have been job losses, loss of on humans. human life due to the COVID as well N First, let's discuss the positive impact as staying away from the loved ones of social media during COVID-19: for such a long time. This can result 1) Accessibility in people moving towards sadness Many people are sadly infected by over their uncertain future which can the COVID-19 in India and sometimes lead to depression. sometimes they are unable to get Hence it is very important for people beds due to the high number of to stay positive throughout this crisis. cases but social media has come to In such a situation social media has T the rescue of them many times by played a major role in terms of giving them accessibility virtually to keeping people entertained, happy, and motivated. Celebrities and well political parties to help the government to known public figures are helping by restrict the spread. Instead, there has posting various motivational and been a lot of online feuds on social media entertaining videos which helps them a between different political parties lot. Speaking to IANS on psychological regarding the performance of each one well-being, Samir Parikh, Director, Mental during COVID in different states. This has Health &Behavioural Sciences, Fortis only hampered the preparations of the Healthcare in New Delhi, said: "Amidst fight and led a big loophole of trust the ongoing global pandemic, there is between them. Each one wants credit for likely to be an adverse impact on our creating hospitals and restricting the virus mental as well as physical health, being and are busy with their publicity. Instead, cooped up indoors, coupled with the if they had worked together we would anxieties and uncertainties associated have been more successful than we are with what is going on, especially related currently. to the future. And such concerns are With all these aspects, social media has inevitable, be it financial, professional, or proven to be very effective in these interpersonal.” "At such a time, it is terrible times. People are now virtually indeed helpful if celebrity figures come connected more than ever and it has forward to share their thoughts, and help greatly impacted our most pertinent encourage people to follow the concern about this global situation - how guidelines, stay safe, and yet maintain we choose to react towards it. positivity in their lives," Parikh said. Along with the positive effects of social Mayank Roongta media, it does have a few negative points SE COMP B as well. 1) Fake News A major concern of social media since the last few years has been the increase in the number of fake news stories that are being spread through it. It has exponentially increased during COVID. People are sharing fake news ranging from deaths to vaccines which creates panic among the people. Sometimes fake photos of people having COVID are been shared online and this misguides the people especially those who don't have enough knowledge about this virus. Along with this fake news are being shared targeting certain community for the spread of the virus which in some places has created civic unrest among the people. Fake news about the masks and sanitizers are also spread by the companies to create false demand. Hence this fake news has to be controlled by the concerned authorities as it is very harmful to the citizens. 2) Political Feuds The pandemic has caused a huge workload for the government to control the virus from spreading as well as other S IMPERATIVENESS OF CHANGE T IN EDUCATION U

Talking specifically of India, the digitally. This has contributed to a educational sector has always been very good thing- the people coming criticized by the people because of closer digitally - and thus having its loopholes. We always find a new learners connected virtually in a new way to improve the education system world where the digitalization of of India but due to many problems in things is inevitable. Thus the D our country, it seems that most of transformations will be that learners those new ideas are not publicly and tutors will not be restricted to accepted or implemented correctly. physically attendees in schools or Since the pandemic this year colleges but if the circumstance ask (COVID-19) the education sector they could have an online digital where millions of students are platform where the academic would enrolled found themselves in a fix. be conducted as smoothly as in the There were many issues as of how practical class. E they are going to cope with the However, everyone knows the cons plethora of studies owing to their of these transformations and absence in their respective schools. changes that the devices required is There is going to be huge not in everyone's capacity to have transformations in the education and thus might prove to be system of our country because the ineffective for the students belonging people will learn from the various to lower middle-class and thus will be circumstances in the pandemic era futile for people wanting for overall N and then apply them to post-COVID implementation of these changes. world. Here the transformations that There are many solutions which can may take place in the educational be given for that. The very first is sector is going to be discussed that, in this technology-loving world precisely. there can be no argument accepted First of all, this pandemic has paved to say that learners shouldn't have the way for schools, teachers and access to electronic devices, and for students to come out on a virtual having full access one must procure T platform if not physically and the device. The government need to academics can be taught and done realize that learners must be given the devices they need for in their studies. There should be massive online campaign for the people, by the people and of the people, and the government or any other reliable institution subject to the people of India should be given the task of impartially giving away the devices the underprivileged and needy students need for their overall development. In this way there should be no discrimination as compared to those learners which are having the devices and the idea of having the conduct of academics will be best suited for in extreme situations. Also in the currently laid educational sector, officials were not fully prepared of some other plans or 'Plan B' in case of not having the conduct of academics physically in institutions. Thus there were very much ambiguity of how to conduct and keep up with the studies and connectivity with students. Due to that many instances were seen in this global pandemic where teaching and smart classroom (online) were not in place for a longer time because the administration of those institutions were not able to frame the changes and new transformations to be able to connect online. Thus learning from these incidents, in the future institutions will be very much prepared to deal with any obstacle and challenges coming their way and rather make those challenges a benefit for them. People will be now much reliable to the internet and online platform that they can ask doubts and any queries regarding their studies to their respected teachers even when they are not present in the school. These changes and thus the transformations that will eventually follow will be very beneficial for the evolving educational sector in India and therefore will prove to be fundamental for our students learning in this tech-savvy world.

Change is the end result of all true learning.

TARIQUE AHMAD SABIR NIZAMUDDIN FE COMP C 35 S Importance of Mental Health in T a Student's Life U

What mental health needs is more important for students to reach out to sunlight, more candor, and more friends, family, or professionals to unashamed conversation.” support them during tough times. As a – Glenn Close whole, 45% of college students experience some depressive Breathe in, breathe out. You're symptoms. There are a multitude of D headed off to college, and your elements that influence the onset of parents won't always be there for a depression and depressed feelings. good cry sesh when everything seems Some of the common stressors overwhelming. College brings on a lot include a conflict between work and of new emotions and stressors. It isn't family, problems with relationships, always easy to seek out your place in financial concerns, and poor college, and sometimes mental health performances at school or college, struggles can arise as students are lack of social support or networks, a E affected by social stress alongside sense of not belonging in the society, academics and extracurriculars, and having fewer friends, and also trying to stay in-tuned with family experiencing loneliness. The and friends. economy has also had an impact on every part of our society, including Depression and anxiety among education. These are the different college students is something that factors that influence the emotional experts have been focusing on for the and mental health of college students. N past twenty years. The information A combination of factors leads the they have been collecting ranges from students to feel depressed. People the different stressors of college life to deal with these stressors in different the effects of one's own culture on how ways. If they are not addressed, the they deal with depression or anxiety effects can include sleep loss, anxiety, symptoms. They have identified a few stress, and substance abuse. core characteristics of depression and suicidal thoughts. These are both Some of the common struggles T serious concepts where people students face are: should not hesitate to seek help. It is ● Anxiety: Anxiety is an emotion characterized alcohol and drug abuse by feelings of tension, worried thoughts and physical changes like Mental health is a very vital issue but increased blood pressure, unfortunately, it's not much discussed and headache, tension. Some of the in most cases either ignored or c o m m o n s y m p t o m s a r e suppressed. People are scared of restlessness, muscle tension, discussing mental health because they trouble sleeping, getting tired easily, have the fear of being judged or being intensely worried about mistreated. In many cases, people try to things out of your control for suppress this issue which in turn leads to extended periods of time. Studies devastating results. The most common show that about 45% of the questions that pop up in the mind are: Will students suffer from some sort of people judge me if I speak out about my anxiety disorder. mental struggles? Who should I go and talk to first? Do other students face similar issues too or is it only me? Is my problem important enough? So here are the answers to these doubts that hover about ● Depression: in the students' minds. Depression is a mood disorder that involves persistent feelings of In college, you may have the tendency to sadness, hopelessness, and loss of fall back into a high school mentality of that interest in previously enjoyable closed-in environment where everyone activities. People experiencing has time for one another and everyone depressive episodes may also pays attention to what everyone else is experience mood swings, appetite doing. But everyone in college is so busy changes, sleep disturbances, and securing an internship, keeping their headaches and body pains that grades up, or interviewing for jobs that no have no apparent physical cause, one will judge you just for dealing with not finding in joy in things you used anxiety or depression. People can't even to love doing, constantly feeling like figure out what struggles you might be life isn't worth living, feeling left out, facing just by looking at you, so walk limited range of emotions, feeling around with confidence as best you can sad and hopeless. Studies have while you deal with these problems. If shown that about 45% of the you're feeling hesitant about talking to a students suffer from depression. professional, feel free to reach out to your ● Substance Abuse: parents or your friends, or anyone you can Substance abuse refers to the trust with these issues. Talking about your harmful or hazardous use of feelings with your support system helps. If psychoactive substances, including negative emotions and excessive mental alcohol and illicit drugs. Many tension persist, your trusted support youngster fall prey to this and end system can ultimately guide you to up putting themselves in severe someone trained to help you with these trouble. The most common mental health struggles. Try reaching out symptoms are irritability, emotional to a psychological center for a regular sensitivity, loss of interest in college therapist as a pre-emptive action. or friends, drinking alone, erratic, or Sometimes your depression may come violent behavior. These practices and go in waves, particularly if you suffer can severely affect the students from Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). health as well as academic Even if you only feel this way during End progress. Studies have shown that Semester Exams or when you're having about 31% of student suffer from friend disputes, it's still good to know you always have someone you can call when anxiety in healthy individuals as well as these issues arise to prevent your those with pre-existing mental health emotions from spiraling out of control. Our conditions. This virus outbreak has caused college also has appointed a counselor to a lot of disturbance worldwide. Individuals, whom you can reach out to and discuss families, and communities experience any issue you are facing. You can even feelings of hopelessness, despair, grief, discuss these issues with any professor bereavement, and a profound loss of with whom you might be comfortable. purpose because of pandemics. Perceived mixed information from Is there a definitive number as to how government or health officials can also many more other students would be lead to public confusion, uncertainty, and struggling with mental health issues? Well fear. The current state of the COVID-19 the answer is way more than you would illness already paints a picture of inevitable think. One in every four students struggle and large-scale quarantine. In the case of with mental health issues, but many statistics say that only 50% of students mass quarantine, experiencing social report their negative feelings. So actually, it isolation and an inability to tolerate could be that up to half of your fellow distress escalate anxiety and fear of being students could feel exactly like you at least trapped and loss of control, and the spread some of the time. One of the most of rumors. This can make people feel discouraging parts of mental illness is the lonely and tense. fact that it can make you feel isolated in your experience. Even if you don't feel Recovery from the negative impacts of this comfortable speaking out yet, just know pandemic must include plans for that you literally are not alone in your addressing mental health issues for both struggles. You may hesitate to go to public and healthcare professionals. therapy at the beginning because you Public health surveillance during and after have never been diagnosed with anxiety or this pandemic must include plans for depression, and feel like you are wasting mental health surveillance to allow for an your time. But at the end of the day, there's adequate response to the anticipated only you who experiences your mind on mental health issues. Fear and isolation of the intense level, and if you don't take care those who are sick or quarantined, of it, there could be no one else who can breakdown of social support structures, reach out for that help for you in the same disruption of everyday life that we take for that way that you can, for yourself. You granted, and mental health impacts are need to believe that your problems are real and anticipated outcomes of this important enough, no matter how big or pandemic. It is found that 78.4% of small they may seem to you. patients during the outbreak had mental health issues ranging from anxiety, In case of the current COVID-19 depression, somatic symptoms, worry, pandemic, People tend to feel anxious, and sleep problems. Practical steps to disturbed, and unsafe when the manage our mental health during these environment changes. In the case of difficult times include managing social infectious disease outbreaks, when the media consumption and accessing cause or progression of the disease and information which allows us to take outcomes are uncertain, rumors grow and practical steps to protect ourselves and our loved ones from the virus. We must try close-minded attitudes eventuate. We to stay in touch with others and make know that anxiety levels have risen efficient use of technology to always stay significantly. Fear of the unknown, in this connected. Setting up regular phone calls case, the spread of the deadly virus and or video conferences with family, friends, the impact on people, health, hospitals, and colleagues can bridge the gaps and economies, for example, raises brought on by social distancing. As social beings, we need each other. As we are being asked to act in an increasingly unsocial way in order to overcome the challenges of this pandemic, we must remember that we are all in this together and act accordingly.

Even if you don't think you're ready to seek formal treatment yet, seeking out your closest friends and family for guidance can never hurt. If these people are worth keeping in your life, they'll appreciate your reaching out, and you could even become closer once you explain the reasons behind some of your behavior.

“ITS OKAY NOT TO BE OKAY”

Smit Trailokya, SE COMP B S Rise of Metaverse in the post- T Pandemic World U

Some speculate that COVID-19 persistent virtual space. Remember might just become another endemic 'The Matrix'? or 'Ready Player One'? virus in our community that might Metaverse is similar in concept never go away. Such speculations where we interact with one another make us think about the kind of world in a computer-based virtual reality. that will emerge in the 'post- Imagine having your own online D pandemic era' and how this new avatar, using which you could world will be shaped by the traverse inside a boundless virtual uncharted times we are living world. through. The internet is known as a vast What has become apparent though, ocean of data & information, but they is that emails, social media, and all exist in the digitized form which video chat platforms that we rely on are loosely connected by links, for communication these days Google searches, social media E cannot replace real connections and posts, etc. On the other hand, interactions with others. The world metaverse unifies all these luxuries - demands a new medium to offered by the internet – and allows communicate and socialize with them to exist simultaneously in a others without stepping out and shared virtual space. meeting them physically, and this might just launch us into the age of One such example can be found in the METAVERSE. the recent Work from Home N scenario. Platforms such as Zoom & The Metaverse is a continuation of Skype enable work groups to discuss social networking in virtual about their projects, while Google environments that holds boundless Docs and Google Sheets gives us possibilities and is arguably the next the ability to collaborate on the same iteration or the next version of what document simultaneously. But this the Internet will be. It is a collective routine is not as efficient as working virtual shared space, created by the together in the same room and co- T convergence of virtually enhanced ordinating face-to-face. In physical reality and physically Metaverse, these invisible barriers are non-existent as it connects separate Several collaborations and working experiences of video calling and real-time groups have already been established to collaborative documentation in a shared create the types of standards and virtual space - allowing for a feeling of protocols that are needed to support being in the same pre-fabricated virtual interoperability between virtual office room. environments in the upcoming Another example can be shopping. E- Metaverse. commerce stores have been the main It has become the newest macro-goal for source of shopping that we can many of the world's tech giants. This has participate in amid lockdown. But resulted in quite a few big players moving browsing stuff via flat pages on your a lot of money around and competing to device screens feels kind of boring and become the dominant player. As a result, lacks the feeling of physically looking out we may see several versions of the for stuff you want in a mall. In Metaverse, Metaverse appear. If this happens, there users can step into a 3D virtual Mall and is likely to be a protracted arms race buy anything they see in it. situation. On the contrary, for a more This evolution of digital experience by robust Metaverse, the big players might combining the power of VR and the also come together to build a unified Metaverse will be just as, if not more, platform that they all can operate on. impactful to every aspect of businesses and life as the internet has been over the Although the full vision for the Metaverse last few decades. remains seemingly fantastical, its arc - long and unpredictable, its end state – So where is the metaverse today? And lucrative, and probably years or decades why is it not available to help us through away, the pieces have started to feel very this pandemic? real. A simple answer is that most people were mentally and physically consumed by our - Chirag Bangera daily lives and we simply did not have the SE COMP A time, energy or even need of a Metaverse, or to adopt to its changes when real life was so demanding. We are now forced to live and work in our home environment. It is this new reality that has left some wondering why we do not have a means to take us away from what for many is a suboptimal existence. S NEURALINK T BRAIN MACHINE INTEGRATION U

Introduction your senses everything your Neuralink, a company based on experience in life it's all just neurons integrating the brain with Computer firing electrical signals. Now multiply interface owned by our real world this process by a hundred billion and iron man Elon Musk. The technology that is your brain in a nutshell. that seems to be time travelling from Electrodes are the way that neuralink D the future. In the past there have and other medical practices study been similar attempts to achieve this. your brain activity by placing these In 2012 there was demonstration of electrodes on the brink of the the technology in which paralyzed neurons the action potentials that patients were able to control Robotic make electric fields inside your brain arm. However Elon musk doesn't are often detected and transferred to want to stick with what's already a machine that records and possible. measures the info. Neuralink plans to E He hopes that Neuralink could one do this to its advantage. The day establish “Symbiosis” between implants are going to increase our Human and Artificial intelligence. The capabilities by multiple orders of technology also aims to treat magnitude. They plan to increase the Neurological disorders and amount of neurons providing access restoration of sensory and motor to certain parts of the brain that may functions.So let's dig into the science no longer be active which will behind this extraordinary technology. ultimately help the medical patients. N How does the Brain work? It plans to allow input and output directly from your brain to whatever So your brain consists of neurons. you are doing on the machine or Neurons connect together and form vice-versa. It's like going from writing a network which will ask one another using the quill to having the pencil to through synapses they're the having the keyboard to having siri to connection points between neurons potentially having nothing but the and that they communicate with each power of your own brain. This is T other through chemical signals where the brain machine interface known as neurotransmitters all of comes in and they change everything. surgery; your head isn't going to be completely peeled open for these chips to BRAIN MACHINE INTERFACE be inserted. Each chip will be inserted A brain machine interface or BMI is into your head through a small incision of composed of two things: a brain and a eight millimeters you won't need stitches; machine. The machines are often it's hardly any surgery at all by the way anything: a phone, a computer, a bionic those chips are inserted are completely arm, anything that provides you with wireless.To use this interface there's no sensory inputs from the surface world. usb port sticking out of your head with the These inputs are then returned back into use of single wireless battery powered your brain where you can process them computer behind your ear it will actually but you need something artificial in your able to connect to your smartphone head to return the data. But don't worry effectively making your phone official part its not like putting a CPU inside your of you. head it's actually quite tiny each chip is roughly 4*4 mm with a thousand FUTURE SCOPE AND USES electrodes each its feasible to put up to. The potential for this technology is Ten of these are inside your brain in limitless and is only going to improve different areas all to measure and affect over time. Now I don't want to over here different parts of the brain. The potential and throw out ideas that are impossible to help people with a wide range of so I won't but i will give some solid uses clinical disorders using just 256 and some pretty cool ideas. Currently you electrodes. Neuralink actually made a play games on the computer using a robot that is used to insert these with mouse and keyboard or a controller to extreme precision which is pretty move character in games. But Neuralink mandatory; humans couldn't do it if they may be eventually change this if the wanted. And it really isn't even a huge patient is avail to an robotic arm with his or her mind then it's not unfeasible to believe that you may be able to control characters and video games with your brain as well considering its all Bluetooth all wireless it's not too ask this coupled advancements with advancements in virtual reality. Telepathy is no longer unrealistic the electrode implants that detects neural signals wirelessly transmit their data back to small computer behind the your ear so the idea of transferring data back and forth between these devices is relatively simple to imagine and because the electrodes can both read and write data you could theoretically communicate back and forth between people who also have Neuralink implants. I see this as an invention that is on the scale of the Internet. It will change the world. Neuralink will open the door's for a new era of digital age, a transition from current generation. Just as computers and phones have become extensions of human beings and pivotal in connecting the entire planet. These implants are going to have a similar and honestly even larger effect. As Neuralink progresses and gets better and better its cultural impact will grow larger and larger kids born today will grow up in a world vastly different than one we are living in today. However humans adapt and we move forward if you think we're living in the peak of digital age you have no idea what's around the corner.

By Vinayak Jha FE COMP B 11 S Opportunities for innovation in T a crisis U

Innovation is the process of organizations. translating an idea into a service that During World War II, American GI's creates value or for which customers kept trucks and jeeps rolling even will pay. The purpose of innovation is when spare parts weren't available. to come up with new ideas and They used to tinker with jalopies in technologies that increase their garages, the young soldiers D productivity and generate greater were able to jury rig fixes with output with the same input. whatever materials were on hand. John F. Kennedy once observed that Also, in response to the coronavirus the word “crisis” in Chinese is pandemic, innovators are jumping in composed of two characters—one to help. Around the world, a lot of representing danger, the other beermakers and distilleries have opportunity. He may not have been shifted their focus in producing hand entirely correct on the linguistics, but sanitizers. In Italy, a start-up E the sentiment is true enough: a crisis engineering company began quickly presents a choice. using 3D printers to create the valves What all innovations will have in used in ventilators. Those valves are common is that they will solve now saving lives. problems, which is always at the So, a crisis forces an individual to heart of innovation. But there is think of an idea and convert it into a much more to the generative nature product that can become useful to of a crisis that leads to innovation the citizens. N than simply an opportunity to solve Every cloud has a silver lining, and problems. Crises present us with while this is a horrible situation in unique conditions that allow many ways, it will also present innovators to think and move more positives and opportunities. Change freely to create rapid, impactful is of itself, a friend of innovation. change. For learning leaders, these New situations and new problems conditions provide us with the require new, innovative solutions. opportunity to do our best to help, New habits and behaviors will also T and for our teams to do their most emerge, and with them, new innovative work in the service of our opportunities. Many people will be forced to explore virtual meetings, work innovation is a long game, and so from home, and to embrace more flexible bringing game-changing ideas to market working conditions. Habitual behaviors, usually involves taking a long view. such as travel will be challenged, Tightening budgets and the short-term business processes will be expedited. focus that inevitably comes with crisis And it's not just in the business process creates shorter time horizons, reduces where opportunities will emerge, there tolerance for productive failure, and so will also be some inevitable changes in almost always precipitates an increase in consumer behavior and psychology that smaller, faster initiatives at the expense will open doors for innovation. of big, slower burning, but potentially As organizations grow, they harden their game-changing ideas. This can not only structures to create predictability, impact long-term company growth but efficiency, and stability. Crises change all also how much fun it is to be an that. For example, the COVID-19 crisis innovator. The bigger the crisis turns out has upended the way that grocery chains to be, and the longer it goes on, the more manage inventory, a process that has we'll all end up working emergency cost- been refined over many years to saving projects. maximize profitability by carrying smaller Turning innovation and creativity into inventories and turning that inventory action is important in times of crisis. more quickly. With the huge spike in Entrepreneurial leaders are some of the demand for products, purchasing fastest learners because they are among managers have bypassed these finely the best experimenters. They aren't tuned processes in favor of shortcuts that worried about being wrong, but will very source larger quantities of products much quickly change directions when they are. more quickly. The bureaucratic overhead They know inaction is worse than making of review and approval for dramatic a mistake. change was effectively gone, allowing for Those of us who can keep the innovation fresh thinking to be applied quickly to pipeline moving, and focus on big, stable address the challenge. long-term goals, while still attending to But even if we come out of this without pressing, immediate short-term needs will long-term damage to the broad global be more likely to win the innovation race economy, recovery will take time, and in the long-term. funds will be tighter than they have been, if only in the short-term. It actually Ayush Tiwari, SE COMP B represents a huge innovation opportunity. If competition shifts resources away from long-term innovation, we can create a meaningful advantage if we can find ways to continue to innovate behind the scenes, even if we do so at a reduced rate. As the world changes, so do opportunity spaces and consumer needs, and still being here tomorrow may require us to shift some resources to solve immediate, pressing issues. But it's crucial not to look at tomorrow through today's eyes. In a year or so, what was a really cool idea before we were hit with the current storm will still quite likely still be a cool idea once the storm has passed, and we are no longer focused on short-term damage limitation. But S PANDEMICS – A RADICAL T AWAKENING U

How the pandemic has changed us? but also make the employee work The virus has hit us and it has hit from the comfort of his own home. harder than ever. It's the Bubonic It's a small world out there, internet is plague but colourised. We have making it smaller but can the Internet grown as a species but have we fortify the importance of physical grown ourselves? The answer is no, contact. The pandemic has made us D Humans are still the primitive and realise that even though everything delusional species which we were works perfectly fine online, man is a over ages ago. We think we are at social animal and social media can't top of the food chain and an apex bridge the gap between online and predator but the fact of the matter is offline. we are not. A virus which is smaller We all rave about nationalism and than a grain of sand can make us go how our own country is the best in numb and can kill us. Its very scary if the world. A miniscule Chinese virus E you think about it. cannot affect the nation. This The virus has changed our lives pandemic has shown the real form more than we can expect. All of us and raw skill of the governments of had imagined this to be trivial thing the world. It has shown the world which will be gone in a few weeks. how developed a country really is. A How wrong were we. It has country is only powerful and a escalated to a scale that it is now at superpower when it can face a our doorstep. Welcome to the brave situation like this. Not a huge military, N new world of COVID-19. not a charming leader but its medical As the pandemic and quarantine hit, facilities. The pandemic has made us work couldn't stop, hence we used realise the true face of the leader of our greatest power at hand, the ever- the world and how do they handle a evolving Internet. We realised that situation like this. It has made us most of the work could be done just realise were we right in electing him, as easily and smoothly without the to represent our best interests. We need to meet in person. This will be have changed. T adopted widely by offices as it We live in a world which is run by reduces the financial load on them Consumerism. For a society to run like clockwork, we consumers need to be sheep and constantly consume. The pandemic has led to us consuming tragically less. This rapid decline in the service industry has led to a huge losses incurred by them. It has made us realise what keeps the society rolling. It's none of the actors, pop singers, sports players and TV personalities. What really matters are the doctors and medical staff. They don't get the attention and respect they deserve. The pandemic has made us realise that it's a concrete jungle out there and we are no longer the lions of the kingdom.

Siddharth Thorat FE COMP B 64 S PERSONAL CYBERSECURITY IN T THE TIME OF PANDEMIC U

Would you be comfortable living in a games, reading news, shopping, and house that someone else had the doing everything we associate with key to? What if an underground the internet today. Other devices tunnel led into it from a public park, started talking to the network or its windows could never quite too—phones, and cars, and close all the way? Would you trust it refrigerators, and elevators and D with your safety and your privacy? power plants, and much more. The internet is that house. This is not But the ease of all of those devices to say—never go into the house, but talking to each other came at a price: rather, you should know the hazards security. One computer could send before you store all of your valuables another instructions to delete there—and do what you can to everything on it or take it over—we protect them. call these viruses and malware, or So why is it insecure, and why can't one person could steal another's E we just fortify it until it's safe? Well, identity by guessing, cracking, or first of all, the internet was not extracting a password. Vulnerabilities originally built to be what it is today. such as these will never completely The internet originally developed go away because they're built into when computers were huge and so the internet's very architecture. expensive to own that only Criminals use them to steal billions of universities, big businesses, and a dollars, governments use them for few governments had them. The surveillance, and hacktivists use N point, originally, was to let these them to further their political goals. massive supercomputers talk to each Between 2004 and 2013, over 1 other. And as soon as two computers billion records of personal could send information back and information were stolen or leaked forth, we had a network. The network through data breaches of major gradually grew, until personal organizations. The U.N. computers emerged in the 1980s, disarmament chief said the COVID- and then it exploded. Soon people 19 pandemic is moving the world T were not just talking to each other, toward increased technological but also exchanging money, playing innovation and online collaboration but warned that "cybercrime is also on the rise, with a 600% increase in malicious emails during the current crisis." Cybercrime in India has surged amidst the country's unprecedented coronavirus lockdown. Cyber attacks in India have soared 86% in the four weeks roughly between March and April, according to a recent Reuters report quoting Indian Home Ministry officials. Since the nationwide lockdown has started from March 2020, all non- essential businesses have shifted to a remote work-from-home model. Therefore, it is of the utmost importance to make our computers secure during this pandemic. The good news is, even with our flawed internet, there are simple things you can do to protect yourself, some of the safety measures are: 1. Back up data regularly to be safe from ransomware 2. Use Password Managers to generate strong passwords and to store them; change your passwords periodically 3. Use a VPN while surfing the web 4. Regularly update the computer system for patches 5. Perform periodic full system scans 6. Install anti-spyware and anti- malware software 7. Use secure cloud storage options like Mega.nz to store data so that it can't be accessed remotely when your computer is compromised 8. Beware of phishing links and do not download files from untrusted sources The house that is the internet may be built on a shaky foundation, but it's been a home to innovation and an unprecedented free exchange of ideas. It's up to us to make it liveable despite its flaws.

Ameya Kharkar SE Comp A 45 S Rise of Digital Payments T during COVID19 U

Of late, we come across the term provide access to the net banking called digital payment. A digital through registered customer ID and payment occurs when goods or password. services are purchased through the use of various electronic mediums. It Online Banking is kind of bank at is a facility offered in the era of one's fingertips. The user can check D modern technology by banks and the account statement, open a fixed financial institutions that allow deposit account, pay utility bills such customers to process banking as water bill and electricity bill, services over the internet without recharge prepaid mobile/DTH, make involving the bank and cash directly. merchandise payments, transfer There are various types and modes funds, order for a cheque book and of digital payments. Some of these process various transactions such as include the use of debit/credit cards, buy general insurance, tax payment. E internet banking, mobile wallets, The benefits of online banking, which digital payment apps, Unified makes it in the plate of people's Payments Interface (UPI) service, favourites, are: One can avail the Unstructured Supplementary Service banking services round the clock Data (USSD), Bank prepaid cards, throughout the year. Most of the mobile banking, etc. services offered are not time- Out of the various mode of digital restricted; the user can check their payments, Internet banking (also account balance at any time and N called online banking, e-banking or transfer funds without having to wait net banking) is the most popular for the bank to open. Secondly, using because the customers need not visit the services offered by online their branch to avail this banking banking is simple and easy. Also, it is service and it is a more secure mode at the convenience of the person as of payment. This facility is available one need not leave their chores at the request of the customer at the behind and stand in a queue at the time of opening an account or bank's branch. It also leads to time T otherwise when required. For the efficiency, one can complete any safety of the customer funds, banks transaction in a matter of a few minutes via internet banking. Funds can the chosen password must comply with be transferred to any account within the the rules stated by the banks. Individuals country or open a fixed deposit account must change the password frequently to within no time on net banking. All the avoid password theft which can be a transactions performed on a bank's hassle to remember by the account internet banking portal is recorded and holder himself. can be used as a proof of the transaction Banks are using a combination of cutting if required in future. Details such as the edge technology and industry best payee's name, bank account number, practices to protect user's personal and amount paid, date and time of payment, financial information on internet banking. and remarks if any is updated in the Programs like anti-virus and anti-malware bank's records immediately. protection programs help to detect and Despite having so many benefits, people prevent viruses and malicious software. are reluctant to access Internet Banking Banks use up-to-date programs to weed due to following reasons: out malware and prevent viruses from · Internet Requirement: If one does spreading. Firewalls screen data coming not have access to the internet, one in and out of computer networks, blocking cannot make use of any facilities offered unauthorized access and stopping traffic online. from unsafe internet sources. By placing · Transaction Security: Irrespective a cookie on your computer after your of the advanced encryption methods initial login, banks can then recognize or used to keep user data safe, there have authenticate your computer when you log been cases where the transaction data is in to your account again. If you use a new compromised. This may cause a major computer to log in to your account or you threat such as using the data illegally for erase your cookies you will be required to the hacker's benefit. enter additional information at the time of · Difficult for Beginners: There are your next login. people in India who have been living lives far away from the web of the internet. It Secure Socket Layer (SSL) encryption might seem a whole new deal for them to creates a secure connection with your understand how internet banking works. browser when you log in, fill out an · Securing Password: Every internet application, register for services and banking account requires the password more. And although the technology is to be entered to access the services. sophisticated, it's easy to make sure that Therefore, the password plays a key role SSL encryption is active on the page in maintaining integrity. If the password is you're using. Most banks automatically revealed to others, they may utilise the log out of the secure session after a information to devise some fraud. Also, period of inactivity to help prevent others people to opt for online transactions. Apart from being contactless, which is critical in the current scenario, virtual bills also are safe and comfortable. Once the economic system reopens, there may be a further push for contactless payments as opposed to cash exchanging hands, due to sustainable worries in the region of the virus. Digital bills will continue to grow as the financial system rebounds. Nevertheless, this pandemic has led to increased adoption of virtual payments at an unimaginable pace throughout the from seeing or using your online country. The Reserve Bank of India accounts. Multi-factor authentication can (RBI), National Payment Corporation of take many forms and requires the use of India (NPCI), along with two or three different authentication authorities/various bodies, banks, factors. For example, you likely enter a financial institutions and regulatory password or PIN when you log in to your government agencies, are already bank's website. If the site needs teaming up to quicken the method of additional verification from you, it may virtual payment adoption within the prompt you to answer a question that country. only you know the answer to or send a Banks are promoting their apps which security code to a device that you've allow the cash holders to set up ATM registered. This is also known as 2-factor withdrawals from their phone. The or multi-step authentication. customer can open their app, take a picture of QR code on to the ATM to link Recently, the Government of India has to the transaction and wait to the cash to been taking several measures to be dispensed. The app makes the promote and encourage digital payments transaction faster, it also saves the in the country. As part of the 'Digital India' transaction request as well as reducing campaign, the government aims to the need for a paper receipt. Banks are create a 'digitally empowered' economy well equipped with channel-based that is 'Faceless, Paperless, and banking using online and mobile. And a Cashless'. Most of the transactions in majority of the utility bills to providers and India used to show up via cash but this different purchases may be realised via fashion had modified post google pay, Paytm and so forth while demonetization as digital transactions in having contactless transactions. India registered 19.5 consistent with cent in fee in 2018-19 as in line with the RBI report. Further due to covid-19 By, pandemic, an acceleration in the digital Khyaati Shrikant, SE COMP A transactions is been observed in the last Palak Furia, SE COMP A few weeks. The overall consensus Vaishnavi Gupta, SE COMP A among experts is that avoiding cash and touch would be much safe. Money changes hand frequently so the fear of catching the virus resulted in a large number of virtual transaction.

Once the lockdown is over, there could be a risk for the second wave of coronavirus and this fear will pressurize S Sentiment Analysis using NLP T U

The amount of data we are Language Processing, knowledge of producing in today's era is truly mind- the language, text analysis, and boggling. Ninety percent of today's machine learning techniques. data is generated in just a span of Sentiment is often coined as a binary two years. Hence, it is necessary to distinction (positive vs. negative), but organize this procured data for it can also be more precise, like D various reasons such as increasing identifying emotions a writer is the ease of access, maintaining expressing. It can help an regulatory compliance, and to meet entrepreneur to understand the various other business or personal customer review on their product/ objectives. However, over eighty service and can make updates percent of the data generated cannot accordingly. be classified and is unstructured/ unorganized. Humongous amounts Sentiment analysis is used for many E of data such as chats, emails, social applications, especially in business media conversation, support tickers analysis. It can be used to evaluate are created every day and therefore, survey responses, discussions it becomes arduous to sort, tag, and around a certain topic or it can also comprehend the data, not to mention help an organization understand the it is also time-consuming and reviews of its stakeholders during expensive. urgent times. Sentimental Analysis Here, Sentiment Analysis comes to has been around the 1950s. During N our rescue. With the help of that time, it was rule-based and Sentiment Analysis, industrialists can static. These rules may include sort unstructured text by tagging it various techniques developed in and consequently, can help us in computational linguistics, such as a. analyzing the text. Therefore, we can tokenization, Stemming, part-of- define sentiment analysis as a speech tagging, and parsing. And b. contextual mining concept which can Lexicons (i.e. lists of words and detect polarity by extracting expressions). Ruled based sentiment T subjective information within the text. analysis, had a major drawback that For doing the same, it uses Natural it was only a good resort for a basic document level text. A purely rule-based the model. The algorithms which are system is outdated today as the cons generally used are Naïve Bayes, Logistic weighed more than its pros. It should Regression, Support Vector Machines, or contain every word combination in the Neural Networks. sentiment library because of which, it is time-consuming for coders who work on Hybrid Approach combines the desirable the sentiment library. And still, after the elements of rule-based and automatic manual labor, it doesn't guarantee the techniques into one system. The biggest confidentiality of the prediction as the advantage of this system is that the context and lingo play an important role. results are the most accurate via this Another drawback of the traditional method. Previously, the sentimental method is that the human language analysis was only restricted to coders but keeps evolving and in the modern era it is today multiple online tools can help any more and more common for people to person to access this privilege of butcher the English language and that is technology. One can use sentimental why the rules cannot keep up with the analysis on Excel as well as Google increasingly varying trends. sheets to save time and get more done. For Python, library Beautiful Soup comes In addition to all of the above, a rule- in handy for extracting data out of web based system fails to consider negators pages. Then using the Praw library we and intensifiers are inherently naïve, as can interact with the Reddit API [because we've seen along with being very the data is extracted for reddit] and pull delicate. When the system fails to out the input, i.e. the comments from the analyze a piece of text, it usually cannot subreddits. Finally, one can use TextBlob assign it a score too. The negators also to perform sentiment analysis on the contribute as a major factor that affects extracted comments. One can also use sentiment analysis. For instance, “The Natural Language Toolkit to train a model collection was good. But I won't bother with any desired algorithm. For R, the coming back to this place.” In this Tidytext package is useful for using a example, although both parts of the sentiment lexicon and with the ggplot2 statement are perceived in the positive package, one can easily visualize the light, as a viewer we know that the data. Firstly, we can tokenize the data second part of the text is actually a critic and compare it with the lexicon. which the system fails to comprehend. Usually, Sentiment Analysis helps us to The next approach is Automatic. process whether a piece of text is written Automatic systems that rely on machine positively, negatively, or with a neutral learning. Contrary to the previous naïve mindset. Sentiment Analysis can be method, the automatic method doesn't classified into different rely on manually crafted regulations. It types viz., fine-grained, emotion treats sentiment analysis as a detection, aspect-based, and multi- classification model as categorizes the layered sentimental analysis. In the first text. This method divides the dataset into type of analysis, we review the degree of two parts. One being training data and superlatives of the words. For instance, the other being testing data. The model “The food at this restaurant is awesome!” learns to associate and establish a will be graded more points as in relationship between the input text and comparison to “The food at this the output tag. Then the tags are fed into restaurant was good”. Secondly, in a machine learning algorithm in order to emotion detection, the analysis can be generate a model. Then the system done by either lexicon or by machine predicts the output tags from unseen learning. However, by using lexicons the input text by using the feature vector from analysis becomes very complex because lexicons cannot detect complex emotions such as sarcasm or it can also cause confusion without understanding the context. For instance, “killing” can be used in two ways. One being “Our product is so bad it is killing me.” And the other being “You are killing it, well done.” The third type of analysis is aspect based. In this, verbatim such as “good/ bad” is not used and the text is usually contextual. For instance, “The processor is slow”; in such cases, the analysis has to be done without the help of adjectives. Lastly, multi-layered analysis is used when the same piece of text is positive and negative. For example, “The camera quality is good but the processor is bad.”

Sentiment analysis applications can be found for Social media monitoring, Brand monitoring, Voice of the customer (VoC), Customer service, and Market research. A case study showed that before the 2016 US Presidential elections there were over 4 lakh 50 thousand tweets about Donald Trump and 4 lakh 50 thousand tweets about Hilary Clinton. And visualizations proved that Donald Trump had a better positive to negative comment ratio compared to Hilary Clinton. Hence, it is no surprise that sentimental analysis can not only help in predicting a result but also monitor the chatter around your brand. Hence, it is safe to say that sentiment Analysis is the new big thing and that day is not far when we could perform real-time sentiment analysis.

Vidhi Punjabi SE COMP B S Transformations In The Educational Sector After The T Pandemic U

The current pandemic of classroom learning amidst all this coronavirus has brought the entire via world to a standstill and various online mode which includes video industries and conferencing and using social media sectors have been affected by it. platforms to get engaged with D This has brought about a lot of loss students and teachers. Of course, and destruction to mankind. But at all these things were there before the the pandemic and there is nothing same time, this crisis has also lead new to the geniuses from around the that we have made, the only new globe to come up with innovative thing that has been introduced is the ideas application of these utilities for and techniques to maintain the pace successful spreading of knowledge. E of Life as it was before this So definitely, there is a new normal pandemic and of course, technology arising in educational field and has wondering about how will it been an integral pioneer in this influence the field post pandemic process. The practice of Work from will leave us in awe. Here, we Home(WFH) has been immensely mention 5 possible due to technology. most noteworthy applications However, one notable field which implemented in educational sector N has tried to overcome all barriers to to keep the teaching-learning facilitate process in students get continuous learning perfect continuation: exposure even though situations Access to learning improves: outside are alarming is in fact the Clearly, learning has become a education sector. easily accessible entity and in a Today all educational institutions single click of mouse, vast across are globe are shut to abate knowledge has T the spread of COVID-19. However, reached every student which is a big many institutions have come up with success. Many Edutech institutions innovative ways to replicate are running various nline courses with certifications for explore the real power of technology. So free to ensure that students can in fact we can bring some olearn things out of box amount of technological interference in amidst this pandemic. Also, use of online education to make it more streamlined. learning platform has made education Some of the ways that we might see lively. In fact, we institutions implementing in long run are: might see this trend being applied in 1. In one of the schools of Lebanon, future on regular basis in schools and online learning is implemented even for colleges. subjects such as physical education. In a long run, the educational Community-based learning: sector can be fully transferred to digital As learning has achieved a wide scope learning even after and spread due to use of online the on-going pandemic. Only the exams technology, people from different should be conducted offline in the school. communities, countries are able to easily 2. Education in our developing world has come together via online platforms to experienced some major changes aside share their knowledge, ideas from the disruption and help each other resulting in strong faced due to novel coronavirus. Learning peer discussions. doesn’t have to solely occur through age- Content became free: old methods as it is the In this testing times, many organizations acquisition of knowledge. Implementation and institutions have come up with of technology, integrated learning and providing students with free experiential learning can be certification courses along with internships to ensure that students continue to get professional knowledge and good backing. Also, many were able to read interesting books written by their favorite authors. Learning grew inclusively: Learning will become reciprocal and collaborative. Students, especially from remote locations and underserved communities, will share valuable information and knowledge with older generations. Parents will in turn enrich their children’s the approaches that will power the learning with insights from their own education in schools. experience. 3. Now-a-days everyone has a TV in their house. So, government can make a new Parents enrich the online experience: channel in which Many of the parents might be active live lectures can be casted. Due to this, workers in field of IT industry and having students with low financial status can regular exposure to online also get the benefits of mode of communication. So, this has digital learning. The lectures can be seen enabled parents to give their inputs to the on mobile-phone and also the students educational institutions and can download and teachers as to how technology can be record the lectures as per their effectively used to deliver a effective requirement. This method will become learning-teaching experience to handy for the students. students even though they are at their 4.We can create a centralized areas homes and far away from schools. within villages and cities wherein a The current scenario has taught us to to school. This will really help to save a lot of time and extra efforts can be put in. Conclusion: Thus we can see that educational sector will be deeply benefitted if maximum things turn online post COVID-19. However, this might see some amount of dip in physical attendance of students in the institutes. So to overcome that, institutes can chalk of rules and regulations. After all, we can't totally rely on ersonalized Television can be used technology to complete our daily chores. p Finally, the most important and burning to connect teachers and students from a question that comes into particular village or district. This can be mind is to how can we conduct exams of especially beneficial in the students seeking distance learning. Well cases of extreme poverty and lack of that can be met by online facilities like internet, mobiles etc. means and ensuring safety measures of Students can attend the lecture by the individuals and fairness. coming at this place which will be equipped by TV which many students -Deep Kothari FE COMP B 23 together can view and easily gain -Mihir Gharat FE COMP B 37 knowledge. This will reduce the expense required by the student to actually go to the school/college to attend lectures and it will be really affordable to poor people who don't have enough money to go to school. 5.By such techniques, students can actually learn at their place itself without going to another town to seek education. In fact, they can learn from any University/college/school across the globe by going to such centers in their city itself. 6.f a student remains absent for a day or twp, he tends to miss some part of portion taught for the day. However, by the use of technology, teachers can dedicate at Least 1 extra hour per day to create video lectures for such students and upload it either on YouTube or any digital platform so that such students can easily cover up what they have actually missed in the class 7.The trend of taking extra hour lectures in cases when syllabus has to be completed within short time might soon disappear with teachers chalking plans to conduct extra lectures online without actually calling students S The Shift to the Digital Campus T After the pandemic U

n the wake of the global channels providing online pandemic, nearly 91% of the teaching-learning contents. With the Istudents have been affected use of the advanced technology, because of their academic loss. Due professors can schedule to the lockdown imposed by the a live classroom lecture with the D government, exams have students. Students can interact with been either cancelled or postponed the teachers and ask throughout the country. However, their queries regarding the topics in the schools and the same manner as in the colleges have adopted several traditional classrooms. The measures to ensure a continuous resources related with the modules learning process virtually with can be easily shared as Pdf file the help of the technology. Digital through the internet. It E Transformation has become a new perhaps makes the education norm with educational delivery meaningful and productive. institutes across the country. The Online platforms such as sudden switch from traditional Coursera, Udemy have witnessed a classroom system to the significant rise in the number of virtual teaching method will have a students enrolling for pro-longed effect over the teaching their online certification courses. It process in the provides an edge over the traditional N upcoming years. classroom teaching method as learners can access the Virtual Classrooms : content anytime, anywhere in their Many Institutions are all set to comfortable space. implement Virtual Classroom methods wherein Online Assessment : students can attend the lectures Amidst the pandemic, several through online platforms. Before the institutions were using Google Docs T pandemic, there were for conducting online platforms such as Youtube Test through the Online mode. which consisted of thousands of However, Online Test will never be ood choice for the Computer Science or IT streams through online g mode. Students can install the required institutions since they can’t monitor the students during the examination time. software and run Since, students them on their Desktops/Laptops. are attempting the test at their home, it is Students find themselves more focused possible for students to cheat in the on the learning online test rather than the risk factors of the without the fear of being caught and traditional labs, and have reportedly therefore, the integrity of the test is being performed better in compromised. virtual labs. Hence, the result generated by conducting Online Test will never be fair The shift to the digital campuses can help and legitimate. in an uninterrupted academic continuity. However, Proctored Offline Mock Test The educational institutions are adapting can be transformed into a Non-Proctored the growth in the digital and internet- Online based Mock Test which would be more efficient technologies to offer several courses and save resources. through the online mode. Management of Online Assignments are proven to be a online plus-point for the Digital Campus. They learning will be integrated into existing can academic leadership structures and boost the learning process with the use of processes. the technology. Students can get instant result and FE COMP C 19 Aman Singh can analyze their mistakes in the test. Online evaluation can help the teacher in quick result generation process rather than sitting for hours and checking each and every paper. It saves time which can be effectively utilized for self-learning purposes.

Virtual Laboratory : Laboratory experience is a key factor in technical and scientific education. In the recent years, several Engineering Institutions have begun using Virtual Labs for the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) courses. Virtual labs are cost-effective and offer several advantages over the traditional laboratories such as repeatability, quick results and flexible access. It enables sharing of ideas and resources between a wide range of users and institutions. It can all start with the implementation of practical related with S Transformation In The T Educational Sector U

Managing with institutions to use asynchronous the unanticipated challenges caused learning programs as Discussion by the covid-19 widespread has Board and Digital Library, taken a significant toll with an aim to assist students to on individuals all over the world. It interact with online content, in the D has changed the way students are absence of a facilitator. educated across the globe. Those Thus, we can say, the pandemic has changes give us an insight into how led to the digitization of the education could change educational sector. for the better and the worse in the long term. The traditional method of Post pandemic, the educational teaching has changed. sector can be a combination of both COVID-19 has become a catalyst conventional and E for educational institutions digitalized methods. This can reduce worldwide to look for the time one has to spend in the innovative solutions in a relatively school/college and on short period of time. During COVID-19 pandemic, the the screen. Learning can become educational institutes from schools more flexible and synchronized. to colleges have found Digital learning solutions it important to shift to virtual based on problem-based learning N platforms. Many schools and can be introduced which emphasize colleges have built intranet on learning methods systems, while many use tools like that are constructive, collaborative Google Classroom, WhatsApp, E- and calls the students’ attention to a mail for sharing real-world approach important resources and platforms to learning. Traditional lectures can like Zoom, Google Hangouts, exist along with the modern learning WebEx. for video tools and T communication. Furthermore, the technology, where the lecture pandemic-led barriers have materials can be provided as a prompted educational supplement to classroom activities and moved online for students to reference outside of the classroom. Classroom time can be better used for discussing the curriculum, engaging in activities with teams and completing class projects. Practical learning can be improved. With this, students will have the option to pace their learning and even study ahead with a digital learning tool if they wish to do so. Learning can be enhanced by helping students think outside their typical learning modes, digital learning inspires creativity and lets individual feel a sense of accomplishment that encourages further learning. Digital learning tools and technology fill the gaps where traditional classroom teaching lacks. In this way, learning can be done in an effective way with minimum cost, maximum resources. This can heighten both reach and impact for students and educators alike.

JINAL JAIN SE COMP A S Use of technology to combat T Covid-19 U

We all know that technology cannot COVID-19 in two major ways. First, prevent the onset of pandemic but the company is working with the what we know is that we can use United States government to develop technology to prevent it and with the an educational website to host help of technology we can spread, resources on COVID-19. The idea is D educate, warn, and empower the to create a central location where people so that they are aware of the people can find all the correct correct situation and hence information without having to sift contribute towards eradicating the through misinformation. pandemic. As part of Google's fight against COVID-19, the company has Fighting misinformation contributed its DeepMind program to its AlphaFold system. Both systems E Misleading information about the are part of Google's artificial statistical data related to the disease, intelligence solutions, but DeepMind like medicines, vaccines, aims to predict the protein structures government policies, fatalities, related to the SARS-CoV-2 virus that diagnosis and treatment options, etc causes COVID-19 in order to create often creates more panic and anxiety effective treatments. among the people. This may lead to An Alphabet-owned company called widespread of chaos, panic, Verily is in the process of developing N hoarding of essential commodities, a patch for COVID-19 patients to increase of prices, violence, wear that detects a fever and conspiracy theories, discrimination communicates with a phone app to and many such things which may catch an early diagnosis of COVID- result to be harmful to us. In order to 19 or the flu. reduce spread of false information So as people receive accurate companies like Google, Facebook information about the pandemic a and YouTube are working on transparent scenario can be created T upgrading their systems and are and the people can be informed trying to improve their technology. about the right steps to take. Google is using technology to fight help in the tasks like virtual meetings, secure access to data, cloud conferencing, etc. Remote working is like a blessing that comes due to technology and is one of the greatest solution that helps us in social distancing.

Robotics for fighting pandemics

Technology supported temperature Robots have proven to be an important monitoring tool during the time of pandemic as the help us to perform our tasks with ease Now a days wireless thermometer guns and also ensure social distancing. The and other instruments which use infrared field in which the robots are most useful rays for measuring our body temperature is the medical field as there as hospitals are used and have become the most fill up fast, robots can attend the patients important tool that are being uses at and provide some relief to the doctors every checkpoints like airports, hotels, and nurses. Also hospitals need high hospitals, train stations, shops and many level sanitisation and robots can help in other such public places. These this area, robots can be used to clean the technologies are effective as they enable floors with disinfectants and other us to check the body temperature from a surfaces to prevent spread of the safe distance and pinpoint the individuals disease. who need further investigation. Further there are automated facial recognition machines which make the process quicker and more effective.

Remote working technologies to support social distancing and maintain business continuity

Due to the pandemic situation the business world is threatened and work from home ensures that the business is continued and also social distancing is During Ebola pandemic in 2015 White maintained. In such situations House acknowledged how robots were technologies are like the leaders which helpful for clinical care, but further the projects were unfunded and now COVID- 19 pandemic has highlighted their usefulness again. Health care centres around the globe have turned to robotics engineers for help.

Mobile applications to track the spread of pandemic

The most commonly used way of tracking the spread of COVID -19 by governments across the globe is by location tracking, the location information provided by their phones has been crucial to identifying and device connectivity assistance. where an infected person went before being quarantined and how many people Positioning technologies were in close proximity to the patient. These technologies can come in quite India has also set up a app that will tell handy as it can help track patients and users if they came in contact with affected places , thus containing the someone who later tested positive for outbreak. These technologies have Covid-19. The app will be based on already played a crucial role to combat location data obtained from the infected other disasters and crisis. Reliable data person's smartphone. It will also use and precise mapping and imagery could short-distance Bluetooth signals between help towards the building of new phones, which helps authorities trace makeshift hospitals across the country, for transportation planning, to transport essential relief goods faster, to monitor congested public areas and relaying real- time information about the pandemic safety measures to people.

contacts of a patient.

Online learning Nowadays due to technology people can learn even while they aren't in the classroom. Teachers and students can Positioning technologies have direct confrontation due to apps like These technologies can come in quite zoom, skype etc. This wasn't possible at handy as it can help track patients and the time of Spanish flu. Initiatives taken affected places , thus containing the by different industries/organizations will outbreak. These technologies have support education-focused non-profit already played a crucial role to combat organizations and business partners to other disasters and crisis. Reliable data provide students without access to and precise mapping and imagery could technology with devices and online help towards the building of new learning resources. The initiative will makeshift hospitals across the country, enable computer availability, online for transportation planning, to transport virtual resources, study-at-home guides essential relief goods faster, to monitor congested public areas and relaying real- time information about the pandemic safety measures to people.

Satellite monitoring

Data captured via satellite and aerial methods – which in the scientific community is called remote sensing – is less accurate compared with data different things. Nowadays it is said that there's a technology which can identify people even if they are wearing masks like a special facial recognition. Apps are also being used to monitor movements of people and check whether they have come in contact with an infected person or not. These apps if used properly can track millions of people of daily. These apps can also be used to develop a color coded health rating system. It can assign three colours to people --green, yellow ,red – on collected on the ground, which is usually from people taking measurements and automatic monitoring devices in place. However, in many places it is not practical or there are insufficient resources to generate useful in situ data. That leaves remote sensing data as the best or only option available. It also allows scientists to cover large geographical areas for long periods of time at a very low cost and from the convenience of an office. Monitoring environmental conditions such basis of their travel and medical history. as temperature and rainfall that foster populations of disease-carrying Drones mosquitoes is critical to prevent or slow In some critical areas , where humans outbreaks. were at high risk of getting affected by the Through monitoring it is possible to identify virus, drones helped a lot and came to the in advance places where mosquitoes rescue. Drones transported medical goods might thrive. Fluctuations in rainfall and as well as patient samples , saving a lot by temperature are strongly dependent on the enhancing speed of deliveries and also sea surface temperatures over the tropical prevented contamination of patient eastern Pacific Ocean, better known as samples. the El Niño oscillation – meteorological Drones were also flying with QR code conditions that can be monitored by placards which could be scanned to enter satellite. health information. In agriculture drones were used to spread disinfectants to get rid of microorganisms, pests etc. Drones equipped with facial recognition where also used to warn people not to step out of their homes and scold them for not wearing face masks.

By, Utkarsh Kulkarni, SE COMP A-48 Shashakt Jha, SE COMP A-36

Health sensors and apps Smartphone apps like Aarogya setu can warn people about the dangers of infections as well inform people about S Web Scraping COVID-19 Cases T Across The Globe U

eb scraping or web categories. First, which can be crawling is a technique locally installed in your computer Wused to extract large and second, and second which runs amounts of data from websites This in the cloud browser-based. information is collected and then WebHarvy, OutWit Hub, Visual Web D exported into a format that is more Ripper, etc. are samples of web useful for the user. scraping software that may be Data displayed by most websites installed on your computer, whereas can only be viewed employing a import.io, Mozenda, etc. are browser. They do not offer the examples of cloud data extraction functionality to save lots of a replica platforms. of this data for private use. The only 2. Writing code option then is to manually copy and You can hire a developer to create E paste the info - a tedious job which custom data extraction software for may take many hours or sometimes your specific requirement. The days to finish. Web Scraping is that developer can in-turn make use of the technique of automating this web scraping APIs which helps process so that rather than manually him/her develop the software easily. copying the info from websites, the For example, apify.com allows you online Scraping software will to easily get APIs to scrape data perform an equivalent task within a from any website. N fraction of the time. In this era of Working of Web Scrapers information, it becomes very crucial First, the web scraper will be given for all of us to analyze as well as one or more URLs to load before visualize data at our fingertips. With scraping. The scraper then loads the technology at our aid in this crisis of entire HTML code for the page in COVID-19, we decided to get actual question. More advanced scrapers insights from the world and will render the whole website, elucidate our approaches to it. including CSS and Javascript T Methods of Web Scraping elements. 1. Using software Then the scraper will either extract Web Scraping software falls under 2 all the data on the page or specific ata selected by the user before the attach and extract the info stored in project is run. various places. It can pull data from any d platform. Tableau can extract data from Ideally, the user will go through the any database, be it Excel, PDF, Oracle, process of selecting the specific data or maybe Amazon Web Services. they want from the page. For example, When Tableau is launched, ready data you might want to scrape an Amazon connectors are available which allows product page for prices and models but you to connect to any database. are not necessarily interested in product Depending on the version of Tableau that reviews. you have purchased the number of data connectors supported by Tableau will Lastly, the web scraper will output all the vary. data that has been collected into a format The pulled data are often either that is more useful to the user. connected live or extracted to the Most web scrapers will output data to a Tableau's data engine, Tableau Desktop. CSV or Excel spreadsheet, while more This is where the data analyst, data advanced scrapers will support other engineer work with the data that was formats like JSON which may be used for pulled up and develop visualizations. The an API. created dashboards are shared with the We are using a web scraper for the data users as a static file. The users who collection. receive the dashboards views the file Parsehub may be a great web crawler using Tableau Reader. which supports collecting data from The data from the Tableau Desktop can websites that use AJAX technology, be published to the Tableau server. This JavaScript, cookies, etc. Its machine is an enterprise platform where learning technology can read, analyze collaboration, distribution, governance, then transform web documents into security model, automation features are relevant data. supported. With the Tableau Server, the The desktop application of Parsehub top users have a far better experience in supports systems like Windows, Mac OS accessing the files from all locations be it X, and Linux. You even can use the web a desktop, mobile, or email. app that is built within the browser. As a freeware, you'll find out no quite five public projects in Parsehub. The paid We have used Tableau as a data subscription plans allow you to make a extractor to extract COVID -19 data from minimum of 20 private projects for websites. By using the Tableau we have scraping websites. visualized the live data on COVID-19 and Case Study obtained the results. Tableau is a software used to simplify raw Output (Data Visualization) data into a very easily understandable The most important part of Data Science format with zero technical skills and is you ought to come to a result i.e your coding knowledge. visualization can give answers to the Data analysis is extremely fast with questions. Tableau and therefore the visualizations 1)Representation of insights for real-time created are within the sort of dashboards cases of COVID-19 worldwide and worksheets. The data that's created The visualization is formed with Title using Tableau is often understood by “Corona Cases Per Country” speaks professionals at any level in a everything, on the y-axis, there are all the corporation. It even allows a non- countries infected with COVID-19 in technical user to make a customized descending order, and on the x-axis, it's dashboard. the number of cases. The major work of Tableau software is to As you'll see that the USA has the speaks everything. On the y-axis, there are all the countries infected with COVID- 19 in descending order. On the x-axis, it's

th place. 4 a variety of death rates. As you'll see that the USA has a higher 2)Representation of insights for daily no. of death rates and India is in 8th cases of COVID-19 month-wise place. The visualization is formed with the Title 4)Representation of insights for real-time “Daily Case Count” speaks everything. cases of COVID-19 worldwide On the y-axis, there are a total number of The visualization is formed with the Title “ cases and on the x-axis, it consists of Cases Per Country”. Here a map is employed to point out all the corona cases worldwide. This sort of advanced

months from 1st of Jan 2020 to 20th of June 2020. As you'll see that the cases tool is merely available in Tableau took an increase within the month wherein after specifying the longitude between March and April and latitude you'll get a gorgeous map on 3)Representation of insights for a real- your dashboard. time death rate of COVID-19 worldwide References The visualization is formed with the Title 1.https://data.europa.eu/euodp/en/data/d “Death thanks to Corona Per Country” ataset/covid-19-coronavirus-data S T WWCI2020 U

Innovation has many definitions. Washing hands properly for at least Innovation is also subjective. 20 seconds can help prevent the Keeping in mind these facets of spread of illness. In a first-of-its-kind innovation we had to create a cutoff innovation for a wearable, Apple reason for inclusion or exclusion of Watch uses the motion sensors, some idea. So with this article we microphone, and on-device machine D have gladly taken in new innovations learning to automatically detect - useful or wacky, jugaads of India handwashing motions and sounds. It and creative new ways to do things then initiates a 20-second countdown while stuff which is repurposed for timer, and if the user finishes early, the situation, or improvements to they will be prompted to keep existing solutions/ products got the washing. Apple Watch boot. So, here is our list of can also conveniently remind the WorldWide Covid Innovations - user to wash their hands when they E return home. 1. Automatic handwash detection on The Health app on iPhone will show Apple watch frequency and duration of the user's handwashing, as well as information on the importance of handwashing, as it relates to overall health.

2. Adopt a keg by Clarsberg N Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries have had to enforce strict lockdown measures, which took a hard hit on the hospitality industry. In support of Denmark's local bars, Danish multinational brewer Carlsberg partnered up with Grey Europe to launch the “Adopt a Keg” T campaign, which lets people fill up an adopted virtual keg online and exchange it for a real pint of beer in a effectively isolate the high-risk suspects. The Covid-19 testing bus has been made with the help of Krsnaa diagnostic and IIT Alumni council. With the help of Cloud Transform, the Radiology department experts and doctors will be able to trace the coronavirus patients easily now.

4. Remote cheer app by Yamaha

bar or restaurant when they reopen. Participation is simple. Beer-drinkers just have to enjoy a shop-bought bottle or can of Carlsberg at home and scan the label to add it to their virtual keg on Carlsberg's website. Those taking part can add up to one beer to their keg a day, and it takes four scanned beers to fill it up, which will then earn them two post-lockdown draft beers. Carlsberg will be fronting payment for the beer that is redeemed, which will No one's going to live sporting events go to support local bars.By June, 10,000 anytime soon. Yamaha hopes it can keep kegs had been created, 600 bars had team spirit alive with its new app, though. signed up to be included in the initiative. Remote Cheerer lets fans tap on their devices to support their favourite players 3. BMC mobile testing stations -- or boo their challengers. The app is meant to be linked to a stadium's audio system so that athletes can hear the pre- recorded soundbites as if people were actually in the stands. The company placed 58 speakers around the outdoor venue and had users send applause and jeers to different sections. The company says that users were able to feel like they were at the soccer match, despite the size of the stadium.

Though this test was for a soccer game, In its efforts to ramp up coronavirus the Remote Cheerer app could have testing in the city, the BMC has the applications in areas like esports or other 'CovidBus' designed for mass screening live events that fans watch via livestream by using a combination of fever, O2 or TV. If athletes are able to compete, but saturation & AI-based Xrays's for spectators aren't able to attend a game, detecting coronavirus. this could be a fun way to stay involved -- and could be particularly useful during a Additionally, the bus is equipped with RT- global pandemic. PCR swab collection facility. BMC has said that the COVIDBus will be 5. Contact tracing technology visiting various slum locations & In April, rivals Google and Apple made an support device for severe Covid-19 cases. As a result the machine has seen numerous innovations enhancing different aspects of it like portability, cost and accessibility. A new iteration of the machine makes news every fortnight and thus it finds a spot on the covid innovation list.

Project Praana indigenously built at IISc Bengaluru is an ICU grade ventilator made to reduce India's dependence on countries like China. The ventilator uses only components made in India or those, which are easily available in the domestic supply chains at low cost.

7. NBA Oura ring

unprecedented move of joining hands to help governments in tracing contacts of Covid-19-positive people. Their collaborative effort built a technology to enable the use of Bluetooth technology to help governments and health agencies reduce the spread of the virus, with user privacy and security central to the design.

6. Ventilators A hot, futuristic, $300 titanium smart ring that's getting everyone talking about, the Oura - to prevent and detect the deadly coronavirus. The ring tracks and analyses data like sleep, heart rate, body temperature, respiratory function, and more. The sci-fi wearable's hype is that it detects coronavirus symptoms up to three days in advance with 90 percent accuracy. The titanium 2nd Oura rings are water resistant, weigh from four to six grams and can run for up to 7 days on a charge. Once drained, they can power up Developing respiratory support devices on their wireless inductive charging plate which are affordable, accessible and in about 80 minutes. Otherwise the rings portable was the need of the pandemic. are similar to larger fitness trackers and Once a medical device which was never smart watches with infrared LED found outside the ICU room, now it has sensors, three body temperature emerged as the most important life sensors, an accelerometer and a gyroscope. The key to their design is that out of it via Zoom call. Players get 90- they're intended for wear 24/7, with up to minute challenge to solve the puzzle and six weeks of data stored onboard that the it costs $25 for up to 6 players. syncs to your iOS or Android phone via Bluetooth Low Energy. The study The dread and helplessness many of us included around 600 front line healthcare feel is a painful, yet perfectly reasonable, workers in its first phase, and is now response to the mad times we are living scaling up to get data from thousands of through. Take out that pent up aggression participants. on invading demon spawn from hell. If you've got a Chromebook, you can pick 8. Office environment in WFH up and play the OG Doom and Doom II games for free, at least for a limited time. Conversely, if you prefer a more cultured method of response, the Criterion Collection has released an archive of movies from black filmmakers for your free perusal.

10. AI progress in Covid-19 screening

An office noise generator website to provide you with soothing tones of the modern office life to help you focus when working from home. (imisstheoffice.eu) You can choose the number of colleagues, the objects and the other office things which make the noise in a typical office. Developed the Kids creative agency this bring the mood in work from home.

9. Offline experience with online games Now, the HCG Cancer Centre in Bengaluru, has decided to start using chest x-rays on a pilot basis, to detect signs of Covid pneumonia early on. Even before patients are subjected to Covid tests, which are in short supply, chest x- rays will screen patients for Covid-related lung problems. Not only will the chest X- ray be cost-effective, it is Artificial Intelligence-based.(A1). A chest x-ray and analysis at HCG will cost Rs 250, while a Covid-19 test could be either Rs The coronavirus pandemic has caused 4500 (if a person goes directly to a people to rely on digital entertainment like private hospital) or Rs 2600 (if he is never before and companies are referred by a government hospital). transforming their offerings to reach The pilot headed by Dr.Rao said that people staying indoors. The US-based currently the test accuracy is in the range Puzzle Break created a virtual escape of 96 to 97 per cent. "However, since it's room that challenges you and your a machine learning tool, the more x-rays friends or co-workers to solve your way it analyses, the accuracy will be in the range of 99 per cent at full capacity," he 12. Portable UV sterilizer said. UVC light is great for killing 99.99% of The use of X-rays for Covid-19 screening viruses and bacteria. CleansBox is a is being researched all over the world. pocket-size box that enables people to carry and sanitize their masks anywhere 11. Local improv entertainment at any time, thanks to UVC light. The Detachable UV light can also be used to clean surfaces and objects. UVCcleans had started a fundraising campaign on Indiegogo, with great success.

13. No touch tools

'We are in this together' - it is a message Fashionable germophobia accessories. that has reverberated around the world Covid-19 is single-handedly responsible showcasing that humanity is still alive in for creating new categories of products these dire times. Numerous cities saw we never knew we needed a few months lockdown imposed as a preventive ago. The most famous tool to hit the measure for Covid-19, but the creativity market is the No touch key - a usually of humans was still free. The never seen metal made, ergonomic tool toopen all before isolation periods called for some kinds of doors, to press buttons, to easily social entertainment like the normal days manoeuvre lever handles, and to carry and communities around the world found plastic shopping bags from the ways to party while adhering to the social supermarket. No matter the brand, the distancing. Some notable events are the general design of these accessories is balcony parties in the small lanes of Italy the same. Some say these no-touch to David Guetta's open DJ in Miami. tools may be more hype than help. “Yes, Closer home in bungalow colonies of they can serve as that important in- India we saw balcony housie and tons of between keeping your bare hands from whatsapp games by our beloved touching an infected surface—and given neighbourhood admin. enough time, viruses will die on antimicrobial metals,” writes Nick Guy of WireCutter. “But if you're just tossing the tool back into your pocket or bag after you use it, you could still be exposing yourself to what you're trying to avoid.”

14. Social distancing hats Burger king has a new and fun way to ensure their customers follow social distancing rules in Germany. The fast food giant adopted the social distance hotspots.

Back home, India's first known 'disinfectant tunnel' was installed in Tiruppur, Tamil Nadu on 1 April 2020. Following this, many other states soon began setting these tunnels up at market places, and roads. Unlike the common perception they don't spray sanitiser liquid instead they spray a mist of sodium hypochlorite solution. On 16 May, the World Health Organisation (WHO) cautioned against crowns concept for a test run. A Burger large-scale spraying or fumigation in king representative told 'the do-it-yourself outdoor spaces. “Spraying disinfectants, social distance crown was a fun and even outdoors, can be noxious for playful way to remind our guests to people's health and cause eye, practice social distancing while they are respiratory or skin irritation or damage enjoying food in the restaurants.' Another example of a 'fun campaign' is in Special mentions - The JUGAADS Italy where the food chain seems to sell a social distancing whopper — a burger Social distancing at shops that has three times the amount of raw onions. why? to give people bad breath and keep them farther away.

15. Disinfection tunnels

In February this year, China – then the epicentre of Covid-19 – installed With relaxation of lockdown norms, the disinfectant tunnels in the city of omnipresent kirana just around the Chongqing in a desperate attempt to corner saw a sudden increase in its control the spread of the virus. The footfalls. As a result, many shopkeepers tunnels are equipped with infrared also concerned with their own health, detectors that activate a spray from created a unique product delivery misters when a person enters the tunnel. system. The food ration spots used pipe Other countries were quick to follow suit. to drop grains in the buyer's bag while From malls, stadiums, airports, bus others used trays to hand out products in stations to market places, disinfectant a contactless manner. tunnels were installed in important public Touchless sanitisers When the lockdowns around our country relaxed, new things were created to get comfortable with the new normal. Among the notable stuff was the foot operated public sanitisers which has now become a common sighting at entrances of buildings. An ingenious, frugal and most importantly a very useful idea.

Gaurang Beli SE A

F Transformations and changes in Lifestyle : Non Action A Meditation-A source of Bliss C

This special year of 2020 has been this lockdown to make us strong from witnessing deluge in the form of within. Initially one feels unstable at Covid '19 pandemic. Many are the level of body, then at the level of affected and many shall be. Very thoughts; but slowly if you are recently, we all have been introduced consistently practicing, you are able U to the casualty occurrence with a to attain peace. renowned actor. One aspires to have We have identified deeply with the fame and luxury in life; which the body and forgotten our identity. We actor had…then what went wrong? all know that our body needs 8 hours So this is where one needs to work of sleep. Similarly, the mind too in terms of building his/her inner needs rest. Meditation is the only strength in unforeseen times as the path to it. People feel that meditation current one. is for the old. Its not true at all. I L We are truly blessed to be born in would like to state a simple India…a country full of spirituality; example…if I have never ridden a where people are filled with faith in bicycle in my lifetime, then is it God. This faith makes us believe that possible for me to learn it post my He will definitely bring us out of this. 60s? Definitely not! So those of you It's truly said in Akbar Birbal quotes: who feel that 'nhi hoga', for them do “Ye waqt bhi guzar jaega”. Thus the you remember the phase of learning only solution to keep one's soul and to ride a bicycle / car / two wheeler? T mind safe is through faith in God and It didn't happen in a single go. Right? surrendering Himself completely. It required constant practice and self Believe me…He will take care of us monitoring. Same is the case here. aa He has been taking always. Initially, your body because it has The current times has proven that it been provided the habit of doing one is truly important do develop our thing or the other, won't be stable. It Adversity Quotient, which has is fine totally. Just monitor it as if you become even more important than are separate from your body. If you Y Intelligence quotient or Emotional are able to pass through this phase, quotient in such time. Each one of us you reach the next phase where should devote time for Meditation in thoughts keep wandering in your mind. Again one doesn't have to deter from his/her path. Be vigilant of your thoughts instead of flowing with them. It is something like, if I try to clean a drain, definitely more fowl smell starts coming from it. So, should I stop the process? Definitely not! As I progress through the cleaning process, we all know that at one point of time, the smell reached its peak and if I stop the process here, I would never be able to complete it. Similarly, as we keep practicing and observing our thoughts, at one point of time, they stop coming because they are being observed. Thus Non action Meditation is not to be done. It is being oneself…just that we don't experience it in the turmoil of our thoughts. The outcome of this is if at any point of time, I have viceful thoughts emanating from my mind, because I am observant, they stop there. Thoughts lead to actions…so no more viceful thoughts and hence no more misdeeds. Thus to conclude: Meditation is not Doing…It is a state of being aware of yourself each moment. Your each moment will become an act of worship. You will feel oneness with God. Thus to begin…practice it on a one minute basis initially, then slowly increase the time and frequency. This small change in lifestyle will definitely help you sail smoothly through this pandemic.

By, Shiwani Gupta A.P. and Deputy HOD - COMP F Every coin has two side “is it A lock down or no lock down” C

When we consider lockdown we talk lockdown" providing a horrible of human civilization come to halt, no situation for other in planet earth. business around the world, all This all reminded me how the lord transport medium come to end and advent on planet earth, it is said social distancing only way to survive. when mother see pious people U So what is no lock down, not unable to perform righteous activity lockdown when mother earth is because of impious person and maa taking breath, no carbon dioxide bhumi feeling burden the lord emission from factory, no jams on himself take birth or send his roads, animals are happy they got messenger depends on Servite of space, less slaughtering of animal, the problem. wrong food chain habit is at halt for so why cant this no lock down for while. in short lockdown human others is a payer of earth and many L civilization is no lockdown for other, if other living creatures to the lord who this true let think in contrapositive was abusive by the unsustainable way no lockdown of human lifestyle of the human being in name civilization is lockdown for mother of development. nature and other living entities. Lets us see some statics how this Let us talk about some statics, lockdown payer help for them from In the name urbanization and our human clutches by the industrialization We were pumping appearance of small covid:- social T 2.4 million pound CO2 per second in distancing and self-isolation is made the atmosphere, As a result of mandatory, hence many industries, deforestation started by humans vehicles are closed down which Amazons forest lost 20% of adversely affect the economy but it vegetations, all these things were helps our Maa Bhumi to heal, right directly contributing to global now CO2 emission has decreased warming. Arctic ice was melting by more than 50%, which is helping quickly, unusual climate change was the ozone layer to regenerate, even Y at peak, ozone layer was depleting global warming rate decreases. On rapidly and pollution was the other hand, due to the lockdown everywhere. This is what "No is many parts of the earth deforestation rate also decreased, the slaughter of innocent animal has decrease unusual food habit comes to halt. It is really sad many people died of this but we human should question our self are we human a diseases for the earth ? is this COVID-19 is medicine , God has given us chance to contemplate whether to proud of more human civilization or be humble and go in hand in hand with other is the solution for life….

Mr. Vikas Singh Associate Professor. F A AI and DS Job Apportunities C

Artificial intelligence has been Data science is all about data and around since the mid 1950s. There we use data science to make were multiple groups of people business decisions. We all know that across the globe working on every single tech company out there bettering their neural networks. But it is collecting huge amounts of data. U became super popular recently Data is revenue. The more data you because of the advancements in have, the more business insights you processing capabilities. As during can generate. Using data science, those days there wasn't the you can uncover patterns in data that necessary computing power to you didn't even know existed. realize AI. Today, we have the fastest Companies are using data science to computers the world has ever seen. build recommendation engines, and And the algorithm implementations predicting user behaviour, and much L have improved so much that we can more. All of this is only possible run them on commodity hardware, when you have enough amount of even your laptop or Smartphone. data so that various algorithms could Artificial intelligence is the ability that be applied on that data to give you can be imparted to computers which more accurate results. enables these machines to Job Opportunities and Salary Trends understand data, learn from the data, : According to a Gartner report, and make decisions based on Artificial Intelligence, Machine T patterns hidden in the data, or Learning Engineers, Software inferences that could otherwise be Engineers and Data Scientists have very difficult for humans to make close to 2.3 million job opportunities manually. Depending on the size of by the year 2020. Salary trends for AI your training data and nature of engineer or Data scientist is on and application, you can choose various average 7 lakh in India and $100000 algorithms for your model. Nowadays in US. every major tech company like Y Google, Amazon, IBM, Facebook, Recommended Roadmap for Data etc. was investing heavily in machine Scientists and ML / AI Developers: learning and deep learning. Ÿ Start learning Python including Pandas Amazon and NumPy. Ÿ Get your basics cleared on Linear Algebra, Probability, Multivariate Calculus, and Inferential Statistics Ÿ Get introduced to SQL for data science Ÿ Start engaging in data science and machine learning forums and communities Ÿ Learn the basics of Machine Learning – Linear Regression, Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Naïve Bayes, Vector, Supervised & intel Unsupervised Learning Ÿ Spend time on building your GitHub profile Ÿ Study the advances in machine learning – Random Forest, Ensemble Learning, Time Series, and Hyper- parameter Tuning, Recommender Systems, Neural Networks and Deep Learning, Convolutional Neural Network and Computer Vision and NLP – Text Processing, Cleaning, and Facebbok Classification Ÿ Work on your resume, network with people, participate in competitions (e.g. Kaggle), and look for projects and/or internships and Apply for Jobs

AI/Data Science Industries: Google nvidia Burtch Works and IIA (International Institute for Analytics), the scenario for data science, AI and analytics professionals are promising. Demand for data-oriented occupations and skillsets increased in 2019 and 2020. Data scientists and data engineers have built- in job security relative to other positions as businesses transition their operations to rely more heavily on data, data HiSilicon science, and AI. COVID-19 crisis is likely to trigger growth in the AI sector and Data Science, Analytics & AI Trends 2020-2021 for Job Seekers and Study Abroad Aspirants. Following are the trends in AI and DS for young engineers. Ÿ AI, ML & Data Analytics in Biomedical Research Ÿ Cloud Computing in Making Ÿ AI and Neural Networks in EdTech, Fitness, Entertainment, Social Media and OTT Platforms Syntiant Ÿ AI, ML, and Cybersecurity in FinTech Ÿ AI, ML, IoT & Analytics in Supply Chain Management & Logistics Ÿ Deep Learning & IoT in Monitoring Mobility and Social Distancing Ÿ Data Science & AI in Controlling the COVID-19 Situation through Social Media

- Dr. Megharani Patil Upcoming AI/Data Science Job Market : Associate professor COMP The coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak is having a growing impact on the global economy. So, how is the impact of COVID-19 going to be on the tech job market. Just like biosciences, there are a few tech job profiles that are likely to be in high demand during and post- pandemic recession. The heat, hiring in the AI sector is supposed to stay positive during this phase. Between February and March 2020, job titles that include the keyword 'artificial intelligence' (AI) are on track to increase by 11%. 285 AI-related companies in the U.S. raised $6.9 billion in the first quarter of 2020 and the number of AI jobs worldwide could increase by 16% in 2020, reaching a total of 969,000 (sources: WSJ, and Forbes). According to the recent survey report by S Adaptation of cloud computing T pre and post covid-19 U

With the young discovering old ways areas of business, including to connect and the old connecting accountancy firms. with the new, the Covid-19 outbreak Despite cloud computing having has turned some assumptions about been around for over a decade, its cloud computing and the success can now begin to be demographics of the Internet on its measured thanks to its adoption by D head. large financial institutions. In the ever Technology drives our lives today more regulated world, and where and we are impacted by it in many political and economic uncertainty ways. The new normal of life under have dominated business agendas, lockdown includes virtual house the financial services sphere has had parties with long-lost friends, job to switch their focus to technology interviews on video conferencing and innovation to gain a competitive apps, 'memeing' at work, live movie edge. With an increased focus on E streaming with online companionship cost efficiency, continuing to deliver or a live charity concert of your against a very aggressive technical favourite pop star performing from roadmap has become the norm in his or her home. the current financial environment. Some may come out on top when While technology giants such as this topsy-turvy world ends. Cloud Amazon, Google, and Microsoft were computing is the delivery of on- focusing on the beginning of the new demand computing services -- from cloud technology, the Financial N applications to storage and Services industry was experiencing processing power -- typically over the all-time high revenues and profits internet and on a pay-as-you-go due to an extremely bullish basis, it offers faster innovation, environment. Global Markets flexible resources, and economies of technology teams needed to quickly scale. deliver software to meet client and Rise of cloud computing pre covid- banking needs. As a result, short- 19: term projects were staffed and T Demand for anytime, anywhere approved immediately without access to information is disrupting all considering long-term IT strategic vision. This type of short-term view has However there is one sector that has led to: non-scalable applications, a lack emerged stronger from this event, it of appropriate controls, manual short-cuts would be the cloud computing industry. and workarounds and increased IT costs. From Facebook recording the surges beyond what it normally experiences Benefits of cloud computing during New Year's Eve to Netflix reporting twice as many new subscribers as expected this quarter, it's clear that the internet - and it's surrounding ecosystem – has become more valuable than ever. The less obvious is the increasing technology expertise that non-digital natives are gaining. Technology adoption by the more 'senior' professionals has also picked up, in the absence of any scope to conduct face-to-face meetings or interviews with many favouring app- based video calls on Zoom and Skype. cloud computing has been widely used in The tables, however, have turned with several areas and has become one of the younger candidates asking for more major key technologies in our day-to-day popular chat apps to be used rather than life – from cellular phones to connected tailor-made and professional video-calling vehicles to the networked society. The apps. emerging trends in cloud computing Previously perceived technology including edge computing (cloudlets, obstacles and barriers to adoption may mobile-edge computing, and fog no longer be as indicative or computing), IoT (smart grids, smart cities) insurmountable, as technology becomes and big data, 5G networks, cloud radio some of the only accessible or viable access network (C-RAN), tactile Internet, alternatives to consumers. cloud software define networking (SDN), computing has been growing at 6 times network function virtualization (NFV), the rate of cloud IT infrastructure augmented reality, virtual reality, and spending. And in the next few years, the mixed reality, network slicing, and growth is expected to be further containerization. accelerated. Impact Of Covid 19 On Cloud Computing Enabling Dependable Online Commerce Industries: The blurring boundaries between home As governments all over the world and work have been especially difficult for implement lockdowns and community entry-level executives on the front line of quarantines, people and businesses rely managing continuous business on technology to continue with their lives. connectivity and coordination for The covid-19 pandemic has upended businesses. As a result, businesses many lives and businesses on an across myriad industries -- government, unprecedented scale. Deprived of their retail, finance, real estate among several usual ability to move around physically, others -- have turned to digital tools to they turn to the internet and various web support this new way of working. tools to continue to work, conduct Stores that still use traditional web business, or entertain. Amidst the hosting are likely to experience lockdowns, there is still the need to get downtimes as they run out of network food and supplies. Almost all online resources to handle the drastic increases retailers rely on the cloud to operate in traffic. Cloud hosting solutions are especially as they face a surge in highly scalable, so a sudden rise in traffic transactions. is unlikely to disrupt business. On one end of the spectrum, there are organisations deploying technologies for distance. Telehealth is becoming more the first time to help cope with the new useful as people try to avoid personally work environment. interacting with other people. It's useful With retail supply chains progressively for diagnosing certain types of conditions challenged due to COVID-19 as well as for the processing of precautions, many consumers may have healthcare claims. initially been faced with empty shelves Students And Institutions( E-learning) when searching for high demand Cloud computing has turned out to be products both in-store and online. And our saviour. Technology is constantly this could compel some consumers to improving and doing more impressive look for alternative online sources to find things, and it has a huge impact on the the products they need. Direct-to- field of education. With the help of consumer (DTC) businesses have technology, students can learn on a evolved at a rapid pace in the last few global scale. years, predominantly driven by smaller, As of mid-April, 191 countries announced often local players, who have identified or implemented school or university niche segments or consumer needs, and closures, impacting 1.57 billion students. recognize the advantages of direct Many educational institutions started consumer reach, powered by technology. offering courses online to ensure The impact has also been felt by education was not disrupted by technologies companies themselves. quarantine measures. Technologies Cisco, for example, not only found that it involved in distant learning are similar to was assisting customers to transition to those for remote work and also include the new way of working, but it was also virtual reality, augmented reality, 3D making that happen internally. printing and artificial-intelligence-enabled Regardless of what stage of adoption robot teachers. businesses are at, there has been no Slack- Slack CEO Stewart Butterfield shortage of evidence demonstrating the revealed the company added 9,000 paid significant spike in companies uptaking customers between February 1 and cloud. March 25. In each of the previous Supporting Health Services quarters, Slack only registered 5000 new Many hospitals, healthcare institutions, users. As of last week, active users and government health service agencies jumped from 10 million to 12 million have digitalised and brought their data to Zoom- Teleconferencing tool Zoom is the cloud to optimise services and also riding the wave of usage following maximise patient outcomes. the shift to remote working and social This early cloud adoption is a big benefit distancing measures. Zoom CEO has in the fight against the pandemic as it confirmed that till December there were improves on the ability to analyse 10 million users and now it has reached relevant data to improve response. Cloud to 200 million users. computing is more than just about data Google Meet -Over the last few weeks, storage. It also lowers IT costs for health Meet, Google's video conferencing facilities as they avoid the need to train product, day-over-day growth surpassed personnel, purchase equipment, and 60%, taking daily usage to more than 25 provide physical space for the IT people times what it was in January. and hardware. Additionally, it eases Teams -In a blog post, Microsoft said interoperability by enabling data and workplace collaboration tool Teams has system integrations. seen a 775% increase. In total Teams Moreover, the cloud supports now has over 44 million daily users, who telemedicine. Remote data accessibility generated over 900 million meeting and and interactive online tools make it calling minutes daily in a single week at possible for doctors and other health the end of March. workers to provide services from a Amazon- AWS, the cloud on which much of Zoom and Slack's architecture is They are made possible by cloud based, committed $20 million in cloud computing. Without cloud technology, credits to help accelerate research and sites and web services will struggle to development of Covid-19 diagnostic cope with the traffic surge, causing them solutions. to suffer downtimes and frustrating users. Entertaining Those Sheltered At Home Other forms of media such as video Physical distancing is a struggle not only games have also been surging in when it comes to obtaining food and popularity, it's usage had shot up by supplies. The prolonged isolation and approximately 75% a mere week after inability to do the usual routines can also quarantine was imposed. take its toll on mental health. Fortunately, Impact On Cloud Service Providers the gadget and internet age offers a (Challenges And Opportunities) multitude of options for entertaining at CHALLENGES: home without the need to personally Cloud service providers will face interact with other people. significant challenges to their service due Netflix, HBO Go, Hulu, Amazon Prime to increased demand. Specifically, Video, and several other streaming service providers should be aware of the services provide extensive lists of movies following: and series to binge-watch on. For video · Remote workers will demand gaming enthusiasts, online games on greater capacity from networks, storage mobile devices or consoles can be a and services during the crisis because viable pastime. There are also entire they will work remotely either by choice industries built around game or by mandate. streaming–sites like Twitch for instance. · Digital events to avoid in-person On the other hand, social media activities transmission of the virus (such as are having a massive bump during the videoconferences in place of live forced quarantine periods. Many are also meetings) will stress the capabilities of doing vlogs as a way of entertaining services. people, inspiring others, and making · Independent software vendors some money on the side. Then, there's (ISVs) and content providers like Netflix the TikTok phenomenon. will face an increase in demand for streaming as people confined to their home will increase their use of digital media and streaming services. This will also create additional demand for bandwidth on the internet as well as on cloud providers' networks. · Operations teams supporting the cloud service offerings will be challenged to maintain service availability and performance, while working remotely, or with reduced staff. More people working from home means more people accessing their files and accounts remotely. This not only puts a The downloads of these apps jump at strain on physical resources (like servers) least 60% in Italy, 30% in Spain and 9% as more people are adopting cloud in America. All of these entertainment services but also on the network activities allow people to have fun and infrastructure (and traffic, implicitly). And some form of connection with others let's not forget about the security online to address boredom and prevent procedures organizations need to put in more serious issues such as cabin fever. place to make remote working possible. like auto-subscriptions and personalized location alerts will change the way consumers buy and speed up the adoption trajectory of more sophisticated tools like A/VR. And these will start to become more widespread as consumers recognize the advantages they can bring both inconvenience and experience. Technology will be one of the most significant game-changers for FMCG retailers and manufacturers in the immediate and longer-term. OPPORTUNITIES: Imagine the world without cloud It is worth noting that giants such as computing. It may not collapse, but it will Amazon Google and Microsoft derive surely be mired by inefficiencies and a much of their revenue and growth from debilitating lack of options to go on with not only their respective cloud day-to-day living. The absence of cloud businesses but also their supplementary solutions would mean a long spell of services such as e-commerce and boredom and inconvenience for many software licenses. As a result, it remains people. For businesses, it can result in highly unlikely that COVID-19 will impact interruptions in commercial activities the bottom line of these companies to without viable alternatives. The cloud has any significant degree. brought stability and flexibility for web- Companies have now started to realize based platforms and services so that the benefits and values of cloud they can continue working without getting computing. So it is likely that many overwhelmed by the sudden rise of businesses will begin to scale up their people going online to do business, work, digital transformation efforts and invest in or play. IT and cloud resources. For example Cloud computing adoption is on the rise · QR codes from We Chat and every year, and it doesn't take long to Alipay, leveraging location data from the see why. Enterprises recognize cloud telecommunications industry, are computing benefits and see how they highlighting where individuals have impact their production, collaboration, travelled and provide real-time exposure security and revenue. By using a cloud- to health risks. based solution, an enterprise can prevent · Wiebo is keeping consumers a lot of problems that plague continuously updated and informed of organizations that rely on on-premises events. infrastructure. COVID-19 BECAME THE · E-commerce options are UNEXPECTED CATALYST FOR CLOUD promoting a growing reliance on their ADOPTION. services among existing online shoppers and those that were previously hesitant. PALAK FURIA · Tech health screening for food SE COMP A delivery drivers is providing vital DR. ANAND KHANDARE consumer reassurances. ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR The Cloud Is Indispensable During A Pandemic Progression in technology usage may start with the basic functionality offered by smartphones such as product discovery and mobile payments. As consumers become more comfortable with these tools, further advancements

Effect of Technology on IT sector during Covid-19 Pandemic

1. Can you tell me about your profession? A: I am currently working as a Software Engineer at LiftOff LLC in Bangalore. I work mostly on machine learning applications and scalable cloud architectures. Previously, I used to work on my own startup, based on augmented reality and A mobile applications.

2. What is the impact of Covid-19 outbreak on technology sector? A: When we talk about the technology sector, the scope is pretty vast, I'll talk about the IT sector specifically. The business impact has been significant, but, not as bad as other sectors. Due to lockdowns in various countries, the Indian IT sector has taken a hit, because, a majority of the IT work is outsourced to India from other countries. IT sector is very well dependant on other sectors' L performance as well. For eg., if transport businesses won't run, how would an IT company which provides an ERP sell their product? A similar impact is seen due to the restricted opportunities for new startups to come up in various international markets due to COVID-19, which in turn means a direct loss of those IT projects for India. Talking about IT companies catering to India, the impact has been far worse. Even the largest corporates have started giving pay cuts or restricting salary hikes. This is evidence of how the sector has been negatively impacted. However, due to COVID-19, newer opportunities have U come up related to solving problems that occur due to lockdown. Right now the business has indeed slowed down, but according to me, there would be absolutely no long term negative impacts on the IT sector.

3. How can we bring an advancement in education during this pandemic? A: Well, talking about advancement in education, even if we talk about pre- pandemic times, our education system wasn't doing great in creating industry- ready professionals. So the problem might not be that the students are not able M to physically attend the classes, our education system needs a revamp, education v2.0! However, the problems which have occurred due to this pandemic, immediate measures have been already taken by educational institutions, like video conferencing, online assignments, etc. In my perspective, if we have to advance our education system, it does not require any Iron Man or Rocket level technologies, some simple changes in the core of the education system would also bring significant impacts. N 4. Do you think work from home is as effective as working in an office? A: This is quite a debatable question, and the answer is really relative to the person and the work. If you enjoy your work, you will work with the same passion from home as well. I have experienced this myself, I enjoy my machine learning projects, hence my productivity is at the same level. However, I do feel that the office environment gives you a more structured and disciplined work life, which surely allows us to be productive without putting much effort into ensuring high productivity.

I 5. What are the various survival strategies for business during the lock-down caused by Covid-19? A: Going digital is what comes to everyone's mind, but that is not a solution for every business. Not all businesses can turn digital in a few months. According to me, hibernating the business until things go back to normal is the safest way. Meanwhile, other income sources for employees and for the company should be found. Again, when we talk about alternative sources, everyone thinks about manufacturing and selling masks, PPE kits, etc. We have to think more creatively and come up with some innovative business opportunities. When we look at the core of any business, it simply is solving some real-life problem, and the pandemic has given us a lot of problems to deal with, why can't we think of business opportunities around them? Being creative and experimenting with new business opportunities while hibernating your core business is the only sensible way in my opinion.

6. What are various challenges and opportunities in Post-Covid-19 world? A: It is really hard to envision the post-COVID-19 world. One major challenge which we surely gonna have is, how do we deal with the next such pandemic. We cannot simply wait for another pandemic to occur. Not all diseases are prevented by masks! Our main focus should be to create plans and strategies to deal with such situations in the future. As far as the business is concerned, it'll surely come back to normal once everything is resolved. There would be some irreparable damage, but we cannot be bailed out of this situation without paying any price! It is no different than the first earthquake, or the first tsunami. We just need to learn and prepare ourselves to tackle future occurrences of such events.

7. As the global economy is shrinking day-by-day, employment risks are getting higher. Do you suggest a new framework for employment? A: Why are we so inclined towards employment? Why don't we teach our students that entrepreneurship is way better than employment? We are a country with lots of existing problems, and most of them can be converted into a business with a solution. We will have to change our mindset of having stable stipend-level paying jobs. We need to encourage our students to try their own businesses and go global. If there are more entrepreneurs, more will be the number of successful businesses, and in turn, more would be the number of jobs!

8. What are the ways to sustain the world of business in Post-Coronavirus world? A: Again, we do not know what the post-COVID-19 world would be like. Will it be ever resolved or will we have to learn to live with it. I guess it is too early to think about all these things. One thing which every business should preferably do is to reduce their dependency on manual on-ground workforce and increase dependency on technology. Computers never fall sick!

9. One last question. How is technology going to help the industries recover the devastating effect due to lock-down? A: Simply by allowing them to be lesser dependant on manual workforce and increasing their overall reliability. Technology is not a magic wand, it has its own limitations. What we need to do is to change our approach towards everything and think from a fresh perspective and then apply technology only where it actually solves some problem. A shower with a speaker is surely an innovation, but that doesn't mean it makes any sense! We need to apply technology sensibly and not try to solve everything with technology.

Mr. Saurabh Indoria Software Engineer at LiftOFF LLC Success is the result of perfection, hard work and determination. Team Nimbus has always been dedicated in bringing the best Nimbus every semester. With the same determination, we have worked hard to bring this edition. We would like to extend our deepest gratitude to the Chairman, Trustees and CEOs of Thakur Educational group. Also, we are deeply thankful to our Principal, Dr. B.K. Mishra, Mentor Dean, Dr. R.R. Sedamkar and Vice-Principal Dr. Deven Shah for their constant encouragement and support. Heartiest accolades for our HOD Dr. Sheetal Rathi and Faculty In-charge Dr. Rekha Sharma, without them Nimbus wouldn’t have been what is today. At the end we would like to express our sincere thanks to all the students, teachers and industry experts for providing us with their valuable inputs through articles and interviews.

-Team Nimbus 9.1