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Ultrasonography and Elastography Imaging
Jemds.com Case Report Post Traumatic Hematocele - Ultrasonography and Elastography Imaging Shivesh Pandey1, Suresh Vasant Phatak2, Gopidi Sai Nidhi Reddy3, Apoorvi Bharat Shah4 1, 2, 3, 4 Department of Radio diagnosis, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra India. INTRODUCTION Hematocele with blunt scrotal trauma is an uncommon cause of the testicular pain. Corresponding Author: Elastography is the new recent advance in the field of ultrasound. USG and Dr. Suresh Vasant Phatak, elastography findings of the acute hematocele is described in this aricle. Department of Radiodiagnosis, Jawaharlal Testicular trauma is the third most common cause of acute scrotal pain,1 and Nehru Medical College, Sawangi (Meghe), high-frequency ultrasonography (USG) with a linear array transducer is the first Wardha, Maharashtra – 442001, India. E-mail: [email protected] preferred modality for testicular trauma evaluation. Extra testicular haematoceles or blood collections inside the tunica vaginalis are the most common findings in the DOI: 10.14260/jemds/2021/340 scrotum after blunt injury.2 On clinical assessment, haematocele appears as a hard mass like swelling and causes pain in the scrotum. In the majority of cases, How to Cite This Article: spontaneous resolution occurs with the support of conservative therapy,3 even if Pandey S, Phatak SV, Reddy GSN, et al. Post treated conservatively, may result in infection, discomfort, or atrophy in undiagnosed traumatic hematocele - usg and broad hematoceles and testicular hematomas over time.4 elastography imaging. J Evolution Med A testis with its coverings, epididymis, and spermatic cord are all contained in Dent Sci 2021;10(21):1636-1638, DOI: 10.14260/jemds/2021/340 each hemiscrotum. -
Urological Trauma
Guidelines on Urological Trauma D. Lynch, L. Martinez-Piñeiro, E. Plas, E. Serafetinidis, L. Turkeri, R. Santucci, M. Hohenfellner © European Association of Urology 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1. RENAL TRAUMA 5 1.1 Background 5 1.2 Mode of injury 5 1.2.1 Injury classification 5 1.3 Diagnosis: initial emergency assessment 6 1.3.1 History and physical examination 6 1.3.1.1 Guidelines on history and physical examination 7 1.3.2 Laboratory evaluation 7 1.3.2.1 Guidelines on laboratory evaluation 7 1.3.3 Imaging: criteria for radiographic assessment in adults 7 1.3.3.1 Ultrasonography 7 1.3.3.2 Standard intravenous pyelography (IVP) 8 1.3.3.3 One shot intraoperative intravenous pyelography (IVP) 8 1.3.3.4 Computed tomography (CT) 8 1.3.3.5 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 9 1.3.3.6 Angiography 9 1.3.3.7 Radionuclide scans 9 1.3.3.8 Guidelines on radiographic assessment 9 1.4 Treatment 10 1.4.1 Indications for renal exploration 10 1.4.2 Operative findings and reconstruction 10 1.4.3 Non-operative management of renal injuries 11 1.4.4 Guidelines on management of renal trauma 11 1.4.5 Post-operative care and follow-up 11 1.4.5.1 Guidelines on post-operative management and follow-up 12 1.4.6 Complications 12 1.4.6.1 Guidelines on management of complications 12 1.4.7 Paediatric renal trauma 12 1.4.7.1 Guidelines on management of paediatric trauma 13 1.4.8 Renal injury in the polytrauma patient 13 1.4.8.1 Guidelines on management of polytrauma with associated renal injury 14 1.5 Suggestions for future research studies 14 1.6 Algorithms 14 1.7 References 17 2. -
Ultrasound Induced Cavitation and Resonance Amplification Using Adaptive Feedback Control System
Master's Thesis Electrical Engineering Ultrasound induced cavitation and resonance amplification using adaptive feedback Control System Vipul. Vijigiri Taraka Rama Krishna Pamidi This thesis is presented as part of Degree of Master of Science in Electrical Engineering with Emphasis on Signal Processing Blekinge Institute of Technology (BTH) September 2014 Blekinge Institute of Technology, Sweden School of Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering (AET) Supervisor: Dr. Torbjörn Löfqvist, PhD, LTU Co- Supervisor: Dr. Örjan Johansson, PhD, LTU Shadow Supervisor/Examiner: Dr. Sven Johansson, PhD, BTH Ultrasound induced cavitation and resonance amplification using adaptive feedback Control System Master`s thesis Vipul, Taraka, 2014 Performed in Electrical Engineering, EISlab, Dep’t of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Acoustics Lab, dep’t of Acoustics at Lulea University of Technology ii | Page This thesis is submitted to the Department of Applied signal processing at Blekinge Institute of Technology in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Electrical Engineering with emphasis on Signal Processing. Contact Information: Authors: Vipul Vijigiri Taraka Rama Krishna Pamidi Dept. of Applied signal processing Blekinge Institute of Technology (BTH), Sweden E-mail: [email protected],[email protected] E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] External Advisors: Dr. Torbjörn Löfqvist Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering Internet: www.ltu.se Luleå University of technology (LTU), Sweden Phone: +46 (0)920-491777 E-mail: [email protected] Co-Advisor: Dr. Örjan Johansson Internet: www.ltu.se Department of the built environment and natural resources- Phone: +46 (0)920-491386 -Operation, maintenance and acoustics Luleå University of technology (LTU), Sweden E-mail: [email protected] University Advisor/Examiner: Dr. -
Acoustics & Ultrasonics
Dr.R.Vasuki Associate professor & Head Department of Physics Thiagarajar College of Engineering Madurai-625015 Science of sound that deals with origin, propagation and auditory sensation of sound. Sound production Propagation by human beings/machines Reception Classification of Sound waves Infrasonic audible ultrasonic Inaudible Inaudible < 20 Hz 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz ˃20,000 Hz Music – The sound which produces rhythmic sensation on the ears Noise-The sound which produces jarring & unpleasant effect To differentiate sound & noise Regularity of vibration Degree of damping Ability of ear to recognize the components Sound is a form of energy Sound is produced by the vibration of the body Sound requires a material medium for its propagation. When sound is conveyed from one medium to another medium there is no bodily motion of the medium Sound can be transmitted through solids, liquids and gases. Velocity of sound is higher in solids and lower in gases. Sound travels with velocity less than the velocity 8 of light. c= 3x 10 V0 =330 m/s at 0° degree Lightning comes first than thunder VT= V0+0.6 T Sound may be reflected, refracted or scattered. It undergoes diffraction and interference. Pitch or frequency Quality or timbre Intensity or Loudness Pitch is defined as the no of vibrations/sec. Frequency is a physical quantity but pitch is a physiological quantity. Mosquito- high pitch Lion- low pitch Quality or timbre is the one which helps to distinguish between the musical notes emitted by the different instruments or voices even though they have the same pitch. Intensity or loudness It is the average rate of flow of acoustic energy (Q) per unit area(A) situated normally to the direction of propagation of sound waves. -
THE SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOUND and LIGHT, with IMPLICATIONS for SOUND and LIGHT THERAPY John Stuart Reid ABSTRACT
Theoretical THE SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOUND AND LIGHT, WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR SOUND AND LIGHT THERAPY John Stuart Reid ABSTRACT In this paper we explore the nature of sound and light and the special relationship that exists between these two seemingly unrelated forms of energy. The terms 'sound waves' and 'electromagnetic waves' are examined. These commonly used expressions, it is held, misrepresent science and may have delayed new discoveries. A hypothetical model is proposed for the mechanism that creaIL'S electromagnetism. named "Sonic Propagation of Electromagnetic Energy Components" (SPEEC). The SPEEC hypothesis states that all sounds have an electromagnetic component and that all electromagnetism is created as a consequence of sound. SPEEC also predicts that the electromagnetism created by sound propagation through air will be modulated by the same sound periodicities that created the electromagnetism. The implications for SPEEC are discussed within the context of therapeutic sound and light. KEYWORDS: Sound, Light, SPEEC, Sound and Light Therapy Subtle Energies &- Energy Medicine • Volume 17 • Number 3 • Page 215 THE NATURE OF SOUND ound traveling through air may be defined as the transfer of periodic vibrations between colliding atoms or molecules. This energetic S phenomenon typically expands away from the epicenter of the sound event as a bubble-shaped emanation. As the sound bubble rapidly increases in diameter its surface is in a state of radial oscillation. These periodic movements follow the same expansions and contractions as the air bubble surrounding the initiating sound event. DE IUPlIUlIEPIESEITInU IF ..... mBIY II m DE TEll '..... "'EI' II lIED, WIIIH DE FAlSE 111101111 DAT ..... IUYEIJ AS I lAVE. -
Ultrasound Evaluation of Testicular Vein
[Downloaded free from http://www.njcponline.com on Monday, July 6, 2020, IP: 197.90.36.231] Original Article Ultrasound Evaluation of Testicular Vein Diameter in Suspected Cases of Varicocele: Comparison of Measurements in Supine and Upright Positions UR Ebubedike, SU Enukegwu1, AM Nwofor2 Department of Radiology, Background: Scrotal ultrasonography has high sensitivity in the detection Nnamdi Azikiwe University of intra‑scrotal abnormalities. Various ultrasonographic parameters such as Teaching Hospital, NAUTH Nnewi, 1St Bridget’s the spermatic cord diameter, venous diameter, and venous retrograde flow in Xray Centre Benin City, either supine or upright positions with or without Valsalva maneuver have been 2Depatment of Surgery, Abstract investigated to assess patients suspected of having varicocele. Aims: This study Nnamdi Azikiwe University aimed at comparing testicular vein diameter in supine and upright positions using Teaching Hospital, NAUTH, ultrasonography. Methodology: This is a prospective multicenter study conducted Nnewi, Nigeria between September 2018 and June 2019. Eighty‑two consenting suspected cases of varicocele, 20 years and above, referred for scrotal ultrasonography were included in this study. Results: The study population had a mean age of 42.9 + 14.89 (SD) with a range of 20–96 years. The highest number of participants fell within the age range of 30–39 years 23 (28%). Varicocele was demonstrated in 96.3% of the patients. More patients showed sonographic evidence of varicocele in the upright position, on the right 50 (61%) as well as left 50 (61%). Bilateral varicocele had a higher frequency in the upright position 45 (54.9%), while supine was 23 (28%). Upright position had the widest diameter in 72% of participants on the right and 82% on the left. -
Common and Uncommon Presentation of Fluid Within the Scrotal Spaces
THIEME E34 Review Common and Uncommon Presentation of Fluid within the Scrotal Spaces Authors V. Patil, S. M. C. Shetty, S. Das Affiliation Radiodiagnosis, JSS Medical College, Mysore, India Key words Abstract gin. US may suggest a specific diagnosis for a ●▶ US wide variety of intrascrotal cystic and fluid ▶ ▼ ● ultrasonography Ultrasonography(US) of the scrotum has been lesions and appropriately guide therapeutic ●▶ fluid demonstrated to be useful in the diagnosis of options. The paper reviews the current knowl- ●▶ testis ●▶ scrotum fluid in the scrotal sac. Grayscale US character- edge of ultrasound in conditions with fluid in the izes the lesions as testicular or extratesticular testis and scrotum. The review presents the and, with color Doppler, power Doppler and applications of ultrasonography in the diagnosis pulse Doppler, any perfusion can also be assessed. of hydrocele, testicular cysts, epididymal cysts, Cystic or encapsulated fluid collections are rela- spermatoceles, tubular ectasia, hernia and hema- tively common benign lesions that usually pre- toceles. The aim of this paper is to provide a pic- sent as palpable testicular lumps. Most cysts torial review of the common and uncommon arise in the epidydimis, but all anatomical struc- presentation of fluid within the scrotal spaces. tures of the scrotum can be the site of their ori- Introduction images with portions of each testis on the same ▼ image should be ideally acquired in grayscale and Scrotal conditions associated with fluid can be color Doppler modes. The structures within the received 21.01.2015 accepted 29.06.2015 broadly classified as fluid in scrotal sac, testicular scrotal sac are examined to detect extra testicu- cysts, epididymal cysts and inguinoscrotal hernia. -
Contribution of the Conditioning Stage to the Total Harmonic Distortion in the Parametric Array Loudspeaker
Universidad EAFIT Contribution of the conditioning stage to the Total Harmonic Distortion in the Parametric Array Loudspeaker Andrés Yarce Botero Thesis to apply for the title of Master of Science in Applied Physics Advisor Olga Lucia Quintero. Ph.D. Master of Science in Applied Physics Science school Universidad EAFIT Medellín - Colombia 2017 1 Contents 1 Problem Statement 7 1.1 On sound artistic installations . 8 1.2 Objectives . 12 1.2.1 General Objective . 12 1.2.2 Specific Objectives . 12 1.3 Theoretical background . 13 1.3.1 Physics behind the Parametric Array Loudspeaker . 13 1.3.2 Maths behind of Parametric Array Loudspeakers . 19 1.3.3 About piezoelectric ultrasound transducers . 21 1.3.4 About the health and safety uses of the Parametric Array Loudspeaker Technology . 24 2 Acquisition of Sound from self-demodulation of Ultrasound 26 2.1 Acoustics . 26 2.1.1 Directionality of Sound . 28 2.2 On the non linearity of sound . 30 2.3 On the linearity of sound from ultrasound . 33 3 Signal distortion and modulation schemes 38 3.1 Introduction . 38 3.2 On Total Harmonic Distortion . 40 3.3 Effects on total harmonic distortion: Modulation techniques . 42 3.4 On Pulse Wave Modulation . 46 4 Loudspeaker Modelling by statistical design of experiments. 49 4.1 Characterization Parametric Array Loudspeaker . 51 4.2 Experimental setup . 52 4.2.1 Results of PAL radiation pattern . 53 4.3 Design of experiments . 56 4.3.1 Placket Burmann method . 59 4.3.2 Box Behnken methodology . 62 5 Digital filtering techniques and signal distortion analysis. -
Large Scale Sound Installation Design: Psychoacoustic Stimulation
LARGE SCALE SOUND INSTALLATION DESIGN: PSYCHOACOUSTIC STIMULATION An Interactive Qualifying Project Report submitted to the Faculty of the WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science by Taylor H. Andrews, CS 2012 Mark E. Hayden, ECE 2012 Date: 16 December 2010 Professor Frederick W. Bianchi, Advisor Abstract The brain performs a vast amount of processing to translate the raw frequency content of incoming acoustic stimuli into the perceptual equivalent. Psychoacoustic processing can result in pitches and beats being “heard” that do not physically exist in the medium. These psychoac- oustic effects were researched and then applied in a large scale sound design. The constructed installations and acoustic stimuli were designed specifically to combat sensory atrophy by exer- cising and reinforcing the listeners’ perceptual skills. i Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................................ i Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ ii Table of Figures ............................................................................................................................. iii Table of Tables .............................................................................................................................. iv Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................. -
Incidental Findings General Medical Ultrasound Examinations: Management and Diagnostic Pathways Guidance
w Incidental Findings General Medical Ultrasound Examinations: Management and Diagnostic Pathways Guidance September 2020 Acknowledgements The British Medical Ultrasound Society (BMUS) would like to acknowledge the work and assistance provided by the following in the production of this guideline: The Professional Standards Group BMUS 2019-2020: Chair: Mrs Catherine Kirkpatrick Consultant Sonographer Professor (Dr.) Rhodri Evans BMUS President. Consultant Radiologist Mrs Pamela Parker BMUS President Elect. Consultant Sonographer Dr Peter Cantin PhD. Consultant Sonographer Dr Oliver Byass. Consultant Radiologist Miss Alison Hall Consultant Sonographer Mrs Hazel Edwards Sonographer Mr Gerry Johnson Consultant Sonographer Dr. Mike Smith PhD. Physiotherapist/Senior Lecturer Professor (Dr.) Adrian Lim, Consultant Radiologist In addition, the documentation and protocol evidence from Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Plymouth NHS Trusts and United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust for template derivation. Foreword The introduction of this guidance document regarding the diagnosis and management of incidental findings is timely. The changing landscapes of ultrasound practice combined with the significant communication challenges within a variety of referral sources can often add to the pressures exerted on the ultrasound practitioner. The demand for diagnostic ultrasound examinations is ever increasing. Faster patient throughput and increasing complexities of patient management, coupled with advancing ultrasound technologies leads to an inevitable increase in ‘incidentalomas’. The challenges facing ultrasound practitioners include the re-definition of ‘normal’ due to increased resolution of imaging, dilemmas around reporting of incidental findings and managing the effects of this for the patients and the referring clinicians. These guidelines are a resource that can be used as a basis for diagnostic pathways and reporting protocols, and can be modified as appropriate to align with locally agreed protocols. -
Infrasound and Ultrasound
Infrasound and Ultrasound Exposure and Protection Ranges Classical range of audible frequencies is 20-20,000 Hz <20 Hz is infrasound >20,000 Hz is ultrasound HOWEVER, sounds of sufficient intensity can be aurally detected in the range of both infrasound and ultrasound Infrasound Can be generated by natural events • Thunder • Winds • Volcanic activity • Large waterfalls • Impact of ocean waves • Earthquakes Infrasound Whales and elephants use infrasound to communicate Infrasound Can be generated by man-made events • High powered aircraft • Rocket propulsion systems • Explosions • Sonic booms • Bridge vibrations • Ships • Air compressors • Washing machines • Air heating and cooling systems • Automobiles, trucks, watercraft and rail traffic Infrasound At very specific pitch, can explode matter • Stained glass windows have been known to rupture from the organ’s basso profunda Can incapacitate and kill • Sea creatures use this power to stun and kill prey Infrasound Infrasound can be heard provided it is strong enough. The threshold of hearing is determined at least down to 4 Hz Infrasound is usually not perceived as a tonal sound but rather as a pulsating sensation, pressure on the ears or chest, or other less specific phenomena. Infrasound Produces various physiological sensations Begin as vague “irritations” At certain pitch, can be perceived as physical pressure At low intensity, can produce fear and disorientation Effects can produce extreme nausea (seasickness) Infrasound: Effects on humans Changes in blood pressure, respiratory rate, and balance. These effects occurred after exposures to infrasound at levels generally above 110 dB. Physical damage to the ear or some loss of hearing has been found in humans and/or animals at levels above 140 dB. -
Physics and Medicine: a Historical Perspective
Series Physics and Medicine 1 Physics and medicine: a historical perspective Stephen F Keevil Nowadays, the term medical physics usually refers to the work of physicists employed in hospitals, who are concerned Lancet 2011; 379: 1517–24 mainly with medical applications of radiation, diagnostic imaging, and clinical measurement. This involvement in Published Online clinical work began barely 100 years ago, but the relation between physics and medicine has a much longer history. In April 18, 2012 this report, I have traced this history from the earliest recorded period, when physical agents such as heat and light DOI:10.1016/S0140- 6736(11)60282-1 began to be used to diagnose and treat disease. Later, great polymaths such as Leonardo da Vinci and Alhazen used See Comment pages 1463 physical principles to begin the quest to understand the function of the body. After the scientifi c revolution in the and 1464 17th century, early medical physicists developed a purely mechanistic approach to physiology, whereas others applied This is the fi rst in a Series of ideas derived from physics in an eff ort to comprehend the nature of life itself. These early investigations led directly fi ve papers about physics to the development of specialties such as electrophysiology, biomechanics, and ophthalmology. Physics-based medical and medicine technology developed rapidly during the 19th century, but it was the revolutionary discoveries about radiation and Department of Medical radioactivity at the end of the century that ushered in a new era of radiation-based medical diagnosis and treatment, Physics, Guy’s and St Thomas’ thereby giving rise to the modern medical physics profession.