PEACE Info (February 8-10, 2020)

− KNU condemns prohibition of public peace meeting by − Arms abandonment not necessary for peace: ALP − denies holding 's ruling party official − Military MPs Oppose Merging Myanmar Charter-Change Proposals − Who Is Myanmar’s New Home Affairs Minister? − Another NLD Member Abducted by Unknown Armed Group in Western Myanmar − Minister launches survey in Kayin as govt prepares to close IDP camps − Rakhine issues ultimatum against illegal IDP camp − HARNESSING SALWEEN RIVER: Settlement through confrontation or cooperation? − �မန�မ��ဒ�မ��က�ရစ� �ရရ�ည�တည�တံ�ရန� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ���င�� ဖ�ံ��ဖ ���တ���တက��ရ�သည� အ�ရ��က��ဟ� သမ�တ ��ပ� − ���င�ငံ�တ��၏အတ��င�ပင�ခံပ�ဂ� ��လ� ပင�လ�ံ၌ လ�ထ��တ��ဆ�ံပ��လ�ပ�မည� − �ပည��ထ�င�စ�ထ�က မတ� က���ပ��မ�မ���က�� အင�အ��အ�ဖစ� စ�စည��ရန� အ�ရ��က��ဟ� အတ��င�ပင�ခံ��ပ� − လက�ရ��က�လ �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�မရရင� ဖ�ံ�ဖ ���တ���တက��ရ���င��ဒ�မ��က�ရစ� တည��ဆ�က��ရ�အတ�က� စ�န��ခ�မ�မ�����င�� ရင�ဆ��င�ရ���င�ဟ� ဝန��က��ခ��ပ� ဦ��ဖ ���မင��သ�န�� ��ပ� − က�����န�ဗ��င��ရပ�စ���က�င�� အစ���ရ��င�� ��မ�က�ပ��င���လ�ဖ��� �တ��ဆ�ံ�ရ� အခက�အခ��ဖစ��နဟ�ဆ�� − တပ�မ�တ��န�� �ကံ�ခ��င��ရ� ပ�တ�က ဖ���စည��ပ�ံ �ပင�ဆင��ရ� ဘ��တ� တင�သ�င��ထ��သလ� − ဖ���စည��ပ�ံ�ပင�ဆင��ရ� �ဖစ����င��ခ� �သ��ခ�က� ၂ ခ�က� − တပ�မ�တ��၏ အ��က�င��မ�� ပစ�ခတ�မ�မ�����က�င�� �ဒသခံရ��သ�� ထ�ခ��က�ဒဏ�ရရ��ဟ� KNU ��ပ� − ကရင�လ�ငယ��ခ�င���ဆ�င�မ��� �ပ�ထ�က��ရ� အ�လ�ထ��ပ� − ရမ���ဗ��မ ���နယ� အန�အယ�လ�ဒ�အလ�ပ�မ��ဆ�င� ဦ��ဇယ��မင��က�� �အ�အ ဖမ��ဆ�� − ရမ���ဗ� NLD အဖ���ဝင�က�� မဖမ����က�င�� AA ��ပ� − ဦ��ဇယ��မင��က�� ဖမ��သ���သည�� လက�နက�က��င�အဖ���က AA ဟ�တ�/မဟ�တ� စ�ံစမ���နသည�ဟ� NLD ��ပ� − ဘ��သ���တ�င�န�� ရ�သ��တ�င� တ��က�ပ���တ���က�င�� ဒ�က�သည� တစ��ထ�င��က��� တ���လ� − ဘ��သ���တ�င�ပစ�ခတ�မ�မ�� ��ခ�က���စ�သမ�� က�ည�ထ� − ပလက�ဝ၊ �က��က��တ�� တ��က�ပ���ပင��ထန� − �က��က��ဖ� မ�တ�စလင� ဒ�က�သည��တ� �မ ���ထ��ပန��ရ� ည����င���န − �မ�င��တ�တ�င� စ�တ��က�ဆ� ၉ သ�န���က��� ဖမ��မ�

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KNU condemns prohibition of public peace meeting by Tatmadaw By Kyaw Wai Min | 08 February 2020 The KNU had condemned the prohibition of public peace meeting by the Tatmadaw.

Karen National Union (KNU) issued a press statement which says that the organization condemns the prohibition of holding a public meeting for the awareness of peace work held in the KNU 3d Brigade controlled area by a 5- member team led by an officer of the Tatmadaw (government defence services).

This mass meeting was held on February 4 by the KNU 7th at Bawkataw Camp in Sawhti Township but then the Tatmadaw Battalion (LIB) 124 came and prohibited the meeting.

Joint Monitoring Committee (JMC) of ceasefire Secretary (1), Dr. Sui Kher, said, “Under the terms of Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement (NCA), these mass meetings must be held but we have to look into what type of mass meetings they held. Some meetings need prior permission from the concerned authority. We don’t know yet about it but they can hold mass meetings concerning peace and ceasefire affairs freely. Trust building is crucial in peace efforts. It will be very difficult to build trust when there are suspicions.”

In the statement issued by KNU, it says that this act done by Tatmadaw is in fact forbidding the peace process and KNU assumes that Tatmadaw is not abiding by the terms agreed in NCA and results of bilateral talks between them.

Regarding this incident, Mizzima contacted Tatmadaw True News Information Team Secretary Brig. Gen. Zaw Min Tun and Col. Kyaw Soe Moe from Southern Military Command by phone but to no avail.

KNU is the signatory of Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement (NCA).

http://www.mizzima.com/article/knu-condemns-prohibition-public-peace-meeting- tatmadaw ------

Arms abandonment not necessary for peace: ALP Published 10 February 2020 | EMG

They don’t need to abandon arms for the internal peace initiated in former President ’s era, stated Arakan Liberation Party (ALP) in its formal letter, which was sent to mark 73rd Anniversary of Day on February 7. Page 2 of 42

The 73rd Anniversary of Shan State Day was held at Loi Tai Leng, Headquarter of Restoration Council of Shan State (RCSS) in Myanmar-Thailand border.

“We had signed the nationwide ceasefire agreement (NCA) to build a democratic federal union through political talks,” it said.

It said some facts included in the NCA may make misunderstanding and it may lead to challenges. Informal discussions may bring close understanding and overcome the challenges.

It said the RCSS is taking a leadership role in the Peace Process Steering Team (PPST) and the RCSS can implement a treaty like the Panglong Agreement.

Senior General , Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services said ethnic armed groups need to abandon arms to build eternal peace through discussions in line with democracy.

Moreover any attempt to make unilateral demands by holding arms in the name of peace talks is not in accorded with democracy and it will not be reached to federal and democracy goals desired by ethnics and the world will not be accepted it, stated the senior general in a formal letter sent to mark the 73rd Anniversary of Shan State Day.

https://elevenmyanmar.com/news/arms-abandonment-not-necessary-for-peace-alp ------

Arakan Army denies holding Myanmar's ruling party official Khin Myat Myat Wai | 10 Feb 2020 Rakhine refugees seen at the Dam Mar Yar Ma Monastery temporary camp in , Rakhine. Photo: EPA

The Arakan Army (AA) on Monday denied kidnapping a local official of the ruling National League for Democracy (NLD) in strife-torn .

U Zeya Min, the NLD’s finance officer in Kyaukphyu township, was allegedly seized by unidentified gunmen on Saturday while on his way home.

AA spokesman U Khaing Thu Kha said his group did not detain the NLD official. "You can't blame AA every time someone is reported seized by an armed group,” he added. “He was reportedly arrested by people on motorbikes, so they might be from the government side."

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Colonel Win Zaw Oo, officer of the Tatmadaw’s (military’s) Western Command, quoted a business person who was with the victim when he was seized by eight armed men as saying the AA carried out the kidnapping.

“That person tried to stop the AA but was warned not to interfere. That person told us the AA abducted U Zeya Min because of the public rally held for the State Counsellor in Kyaukphyu township."

The officer was referring to the rally held in Yanbye Island town in December to show support for State Counsellor Daw Suu Kyi’s trip to the International Court of Justice in The Hague to defend the Tatmadaw against accusations of genocide committed against Rakhine Muslims.

The AA has abducted dozens of people, including soldiers and policemen, since it began fighting the Tatmadaw in November 2018. Most of the captives have been released, including Amyotha Hluttaw (Upper House) legislator U Hwei Tin, who was freed last month after nearly three months in captivity. – Translated

https://www.mmtimes.com/news/arakan-army-denies-holding-myanmars-ruling-party- official.html ------

Military MPs Oppose Merging Myanmar Charter-Change Proposals By San Yamin Aung | 10 February 2020 Military-appointed lawmakers arrive at the Lower House of Parliament on Jan. 27, 2020. / Htet Wai / The Irrawaddy

YANGON—Military-appointed lawmakers opposed a proposal by the parliamentary Joint Bill Committee on Monday to merge the military’s constitutional amendment bills with those submitted by the National League for Democracy (NLD) for discussion by Parliament.

The Joint Bill Committee is tasked with scrutinizing the constitutional amendment bills—two from the NLD and five from the military and USDP lawmakers—and reorganizing all the bills into two groups.

The first group will consist of proposed amendments covered by Article 436(a), meaning they require approval by more than 75 percent of Parliament and over 50 percent support in a referendum. The second group would comprise proposed amendments covered by Article 436(b) requiring approval by more than 75 percent of Parliament but no referendum.

The committee’s secretary, Dr. Myat Nyana Soe, said on Monday there are a total of 58 proposals covered by Article 436(a) and 84 proposals covered by Article 436(b) as reorganized by the committee.

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Brigadier General Maung Maung and General Aung San Chit stood up in Parliament and said they disagreed with the merger of the proposals, asking instead to discuss their bills separately.

Rejecting their request, the Speaker warned that, “Now is not the time to debate.”

The military-appointed lawmakers have raised strong objections and resisted all procedures initiated by the NLD to democratize the Constitution since last year.

In January last year, the ruling NLD took its first official step toward amending the Constitution since taking power in 2016, submitting a proposal to form the committee to work on constitutional reform.

Since then, there has been no shortage of confrontations between the NLD and the military appointees in Parliament.

Instead of collaborating with the NLD and the ethnic parties in their push for charter reform, the military MPs chose a parallel path, submitting two amendment bills on their own and three jointly with their ally the Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP). All the proposals seek to protect the military’s interests.

Brig-Gen Maung Maung told reporters after the parliamentary session on Monday that merging the bills is an NLD attempt to take credit for all of the amendments.

Unlike those submitted by the military and its ally, the NLD’s proposed amendments seek to change the provisions that grant the military special powers and privileges—changes the military is not yet willing to accept.

The Speaker announced that lawmakers wishing to debate the proposed charter amendments must sign up by next Monday evening.

Under the Constitution, proposed amendments must by approved by more than 75 percent of lawmakers, meaning they require at least some support from the military bloc, which holds 25 percent of parliamentary seats.

https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/military-mps-oppose-merging-myanmar-charter- change-proposals.html ------

Who Is Myanmar’s New Home Affairs Minister? By Htet Naing Zaw | 10 February 2020

NAYPYITAW—Myanmar’s Chief of Military Security Affairs, Lieutenant General Soe Htut, was approved as the country’s new home affairs minister on Monday, replacing the outgoing Lt-Gen .

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Lieutenant General Soe Htut, the new minister of home affairs and the former chief of military security affairs. / Myo Min Soe / The Irrawaddy

The Union Parliament on Monday approved the nomination of the military intelligence chief, who turns 60 next month, as the new home affairs minister, after President U Win Myint submitted his appointment last week. Union Parliament Speaker U T Khun Myat announced in Parliament on Thursday that the President had submitted his appointment as the new minister.

According to the 2008 Constitution, three ministries—Defense, Home Affairs and Border Affairs—are controlled by the military, known as the Tatmadaw. The heads of the three ministries are nominated by the military chief and the President appoints them with the approval of the Union Parliament.

According to the Constitution, the Parliament does not need to vote to confirm ministerial appointments unless there is proof that the nominee doesn’t meet the qualifications for the position.

Lt-Gen Soe Htut graduated from Intake 64 of the Myanmar military’s Officer Training School and won the best cadet award of that intake, which he attended together with Major- General Soe Shein, a close aide of retired Senior General .

He is the son of late Lun Maung, a minister in the Prime Minister’s Office under the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC) military junta, and for this reason, he led a life of ease as a junior officer in the military, according to a former major general who served as a regional commander who spoke to The Irrawaddy on condition of anonymity.

“He is a hard worker. He also tries hard in schoolwork. But he is not an outstanding fighter. His combat capability is sort of so-so. As his father was a senior military officer, he was able to rise comfortably in the Tatmadaw with the support of his father,” said the officer.

His father, Brigadier General Lun Maung, was killed in a helicopter crash in 2001 along with SPDC Secretary 2 Lieutenant General and other high-ranking military officials. Lt-Gen Soe Htut continued to receive favor from the military leadership as a son of a senior military officer who died in the line of duty.

U Hla Htay Win, who was then a , survived the plane crash, and retired from the military as a general. He is now a lawmaker with the Union Solidarity and Development Party in the national legislature.

“He [Lt-Gen Soe Htut] served as the commander of 88 in Magwe. He then became a regional commander in July, 2010,” said the former major general.

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New Home Affairs Minister Lieutenant General Soe Htut is seen at the Region Military Command on Feb. 8, 2020. / Myo Min Soe / The Irrawaddy

He served as the commander of Eastern Central Command and Central Command. “While he was still a major general and serving as the commander of Central Command in , some of his juniors were promoted to lieutenant general. That was July 2015,” he added.

Some sources said he also served as the commander of the 101st Light Infantry Division in in central Myanmar.

In 2016, he was appointed Judge Advocate-General and promoted to lieutenant general. Soon after, he became Myanmar’s Chief of Military Security Affairs.

“Later, he got very close with the sitting military chief [Senior General Min Aung Hlaing]. And he also won his trust. The military chief put him in a position of authority. He has always accompanied the military chief on all of his local and foreign trips. This shows that the military chief trusts and relies on him,” said the anonymous source.

The home affairs minister position is critical for civil-military relations, and normally the military chief would only nominate someone he thinks is trustworthy and loyal to him for that post, said a senior military officer in active service who asked for anonymity.

“He is moderate. Overall, he is a gentleman. If the Tatmadaw appoints someone, the Tatmadaw believes he is appropriate because the Tatmadaw always checks the personal history and past activities of the appointee to assess his suitability,” he said.

Director U Aung Thu Nyein of the Institute for Strategy and Policy, a think- based in Yangon, suggested civil-military relations can improve if Lt-Gen. Soe Htut can perform well, as he has close ties with the military chief.

“I think there will also be other changes besides this appointment,” he said.

The Irrawaddy has learned that there will be a reshuffle of nearly 30 positions in the military according to a decision made at the Tatmadaw’s recent quarterly meeting. According to sources, Central Region Commander Maj-Gen Kyaw Swa Lin will succeed Lt-Gen Soe Htut as the Chief of Military Security Affairs. The Irrawaddy could not independently confirm those reports.

State Counselor Daw Aung San Suu Kyi said in an interview during her visit to Singapore in 2018 that her relationship with the military—which held her under house arrest for nearly 15 years—was “not that bad” and that the generals in her cabinet were “rather sweet.”

Translated from Burmese by Thet Ko Ko

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https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/myanmars-new-home-affairs-minister.html ------

Another NLD Member Abducted by Unknown Armed Group in Western Myanmar By Min Aung Khine | 10 February 2020 Ramree Township signpost. / Ko Gyi / Facebook

SITTWE, Rakhine State—A member of the ruling National League for Democracy (NLD) party from Rakhine State’s Ramree Island was abducted by unidentified gunmen on Saturday evening.

U Zeyar Min, executive committee member and treasurer for the Ramree Township NLD, was on his way home from his sawmill when he was abducted by eight armed people at about 6 p.m. on Feb. 8, according to U Khin Yee, the secretary of the Ramree Township NLD.

U Zeyar Min runs a sawmill between Kyauksauk Village and Kalarpone Village about 10 miles from Ramree and he was heading home together with one of his cousins when the kidnapping occurred.

“The armed group left his cousin. As they had arms in this area, they could be either members of the Arakan Army (AA) or government troops,” said U Khin Yee.

Leaders of the township NLD had been threatened via phone calls and on Facebook for organizing a rally to support State Counselor Daw Aung San Suu Kyi on Dec. 4 as she traveled to defend against charges of alleged genocide at the International Court of Justice (ICJ), according to U Khin Yee.

AA spokesman U Khaing Thukha denied that members of his group abducted U Zeyar Min.

“We did not abduct Ko Zeyar Min. I have already asked our troops about it. I do not know whether he was abducted by government troops or other people who had problems with him,” U Khaing Thukha said.

The NLD official’s family members reported the abduction to the police and Ramree Police Station has opened a case under Section 50 (a) and (b) and Section 54 of the Counter- terrorism Law for the abduction and is investigating the scene of the crime, according to police Sergeant Soe Naing.

“A team led by the head of our police station has launched a field investigation at the scene,” Sgt. Soe Naing told The Irrawaddy.

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The AA abducted an NLD Upper House parliamentarian from ’s Paletwa Township, U Whei Tin, on Nov. 3 over allegations that he was providing intelligence to the Myanmar military, or Tatmadaw. The AA released him on Jan. 21.

The AA also detained U Ye Thein, the chairman of the NLD in Township, northern Rakhine State, on Dec. 11 and the armed group said on Dec. 25 that the detained NLD Buthidaung Township chief had died after being hit by a heavy weapon round fired by the Tatmadaw, an accusation that the Tatmadaw denied.

U Ye Thein was abducted by the AA just before a rally supporting Daw Aung San Suu Kyi’s defense at the ICJ that was organized by NLD members in Buthidaung Township.

After U Ye Thein’s death, the Tatmadaw told The Irrawaddy that there was no fighting in Buthidaung Township on the day he was killed.

According to a statement released by the AA, heavy weapon rounds fired from Buthidaung- based Operation Headquarters (15) at 9 a.m. on Dec. 25 killed multiple people, including the NLD township chairman, and injured others.

Translated from Burmese by Myint Win Thein https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/another-nld-member-abducted-unknown- armed-group-western-myanmar.html ------

Minister launches survey in Kayin as govt prepares to close IDP camps Swe Lei Mon | 10 Feb 2020 Karen refugees return to Thailand across a bamboo bridge after attending an event at a rebel stronghold in last year. Photo - EPA

The Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement Ministry has begun conducting a survey of camps for internally displaced people in Kayin State to prepare for their closure.

Minister U Win Myat Aye visited Myaing Gyi Ngu special zone on Saturday as part of his agency’s effort to come up with a national strategy to resettle people displaced by conflict in Kayin, Kachin, Rakhine, and Shan states.

“Development depends on stability,” he said. “Peace and stability should be sustained. Our common aim is to build a democratic federal union, so we should endeavour to achieve equality among all ethnic groups.”

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The ministry has provided the 5281 displaced people in temporary camps in Myaing Gyi Ngu a monthly rice allowance of K47.529 million (US$34,000).

U Win Myat Aye met with the heads of 24 villages whose residents were displaced by the clashes between the Tatmadaw (military) and (KNU). He said measures will be undertaken to improve the lives of the ethnic people and their children in the temporary camps.

“Many children are living in the camps, and their future is important for our development,” he said. “To develop their minds and bodies, our ministry is providing cash assistance and education to pregnant mothers and children under two.”

About 162,000 people – mostly ethnic Karen – remain internally displaced in south-east Myanmar, according to the Border Consortium, an organisation supporting the refugees along the Myanmar-Thai border.

Also, around 95,000 people from Myanmar live in Thailand’s nine refugee camps, according to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). More than 300 refugees from six refugee camps returned to south-east Myanmar in July 2019 in a repatriation deal between the two countries, backed by the UNHCR.

https://www.mmtimes.com/news/minister-launches-survey-kayin-govt-prepares-close-idp- camps.html ------

Rakhine issues ultimatum against illegal IDP camp Khin Myat Myat Wai | 10 Feb 2020

A senior Rakhine State official issued an ultimatum on Sunday to a refugee camp for operating in a conflict zone without government permission.

Colonel Min Thant, the state’s minister for Security and Border Affairs, warned that if the refugee camp in Myebon town continues to operate, its administrators would be punished.

“The camp for refugees was opened in an area where there is frequent fighting between the Tatmadaw (military) and Arakan Army (AA),” he said. “How can it be secure? They didn’t ask for permission, and they haven’t obeyed instructions.”

He said the camp was opened in Sanyin village by Mya Tan Saung Sayadaw near enemy territory.

Col Min Thant said it was ordered to close last month but it remains open.

Nearly 600 people living in the camp will be transferred to government shelters in Minbya, Mrauk-U and Ponnagyun townships, according to U Myint Win, spokesperson of the Rakine government.

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“If this is a camp for temporarily displaced persons, it should be in a place with no fighting,” he said. “If they open IDP camps in war-torn areas, villagers could be in harm’s way.”

But Ko Aung Ye Phyo, the camp administrator, said it is impossible to close the camp as 577 people in 180 households live there now, and more and more people are coming.

Fighting in Rakhine between the AA and Tatmadaw since November 2018 has forced thousands to flee their homes.

The Rakhine Ethnic Congress, a local non-governmental group, said the fighting has displaced about 110,000 people. – Translated

https://www.mmtimes.com/news/rakhine-issues-ultimatum-against-illegal-idp-camp.html ------

HARNESSING SALWEEN RIVER: Settlement through confrontation or cooperation? By Sai Wansai | 09 February 2020 The aerial view of Upper Paunglaung hydroelectric power project in Nay Pyi Taw council area, township. Photo: Ministry of Electric Power

Myitsone Dam project is well known for its controversial impact on Myanmar’s political landscape, as it involves on and off pressure from to restart the project in line with the signed contract as soon as possible.

But what is less prominent is the controversy over the projects to dam or harness the power of the Salween River.

In this sense, it is necessary to take a deeper look at the Salween river flow, the dams proposed to be built on it and what kind of ecological and societal effects could befall the population living along the river basin.

Much of the mighty Salween river, known as Nu river in Chinese, Thanlwin in Burmese, Salawin in Thai, Nam Khong in Shan, continues to flow freely.

The Salween River stretches over 2,800 kilometers from its source on the Himalayan Plateau in China to the Andaman Sea and is the second longest river in Southeast Asia after the Mekong River.

The river originates 4000 m above sea level on the mountain Tangula in the Himalayas on the Tibetan plateau in China, then flows southward through Yunnan province, China, down through Shan and Kayah (Karenni) states in the east of Myanmar, along the border between Thailand and Myanmar for about 120 km, then again enters Myanmar and passes through

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Kayan and Mon states before emptying into the Gulf of Martaban in the Andaman Sea. The Moei river, originating in Thailand, becomes the border between Myanmar and Thailand and joins the downstream Salween river, which has also become the border river between Myanmar and Thailand, before again entering Myanmar,” according to Aquastat, Main Database, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations' report titled “Salween River Basin”

The Salween basin, which supports more than 10 million people, representing at least 13 different ethnic groups, is rich in natural resources, including water (both surface and groundwater), forest, wildlife, fisheries and aquatic life and minerals. Part of the basin in Thailand is a national park and wildlife sanctuary. Its beautiful landscapes include many caves, rapids, cliffs, unusual rocks and waterfalls that serve as tourist attractions. Habitats in the Salween eco-region support rich and endemic freshwater fauna. The river is home to at least 140 species of fish, of which one-third are endemic.

The governments of Myanmar and Thailand are also pushing seven dams and a water diversion project for the lower Salween, despite the ongoing conflicts near the dam sites between the Myanmar army or Tatmadaw and ethnic groups in Karenni, Karen and Shan states. Since 2004, communities in China, Myanmar and Thailand have voiced strong opposition to dam construction on the Salween.

SALWEEN DAM PROJECTS

Salween Watch Coalition wrote in 2016 that during the past several decades efforts have been made to develop hydropower projects along the entire length of the Salween River in Myanmar. Accordingly, the proposed projects have faced strong opposition as a result of their expected impacts on people in the region and the environment, as well as ongoing armed conflict between the Tatmadaw and ethnic armed organizations (EAOs) along the river.

According to Alec Scott and Vanessa Lamb in their piece titled: “Hydropower Politics and Conflict on the Salween River” in the table 3.1 using sources from Salween Watch Coalition (2016); International Center for Environmental Management (2017); and International Finance Corporation (2018), identified the scope of planned dams on the mainstream Salween River as follows:

1. Hatgyi Dam located in Karen State will generate megawatt capacity of 1,365 and the developers are Sinohydro (PowerChina), Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand International EGATi (Thailand), Ministry of Electricity and Energy MOEE (Myanmar), International Group of Entrepreneurs IGE (Myanmar). The intended power market is Thailand. The status is Joint Venture Agreement, Memorandum of Agreement (24 April 2010). 2. Dagwin Dam located in Karen State/Mae Hong Son Province will generate megawatt capacity of 729 and the developer is EGATi. The intended power market is Thailand. The status is canceled.

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3. Weigyi Dam located in Karen State/Mae Hong Son Province will generate megawatt capacity of 4,540 and the developer is EGATi. The intended power market is Thailand. The status is canceled 4. Ywathit Dam located in Karenni (Kayah) State (approximately 45 km of Thai border) will generate megawatt capacity of 4,000 and the developers are China Datang Overseas Investment Co., Ltd., PowerChina, MOEE, Shwe Taung Group. The intended power market is reportedly China. The status is Memorandum of Agreement (18 January 2011). 5. Mong Ton Dam located in Shan State will generate megawatt capacity of 7,110 and the developers are China Three Gorges Company CTGC, Sinohydro, China Southern Power Grid, EGATi, MOEE, IGE. The intended power market is Thailand. The status is Memorandum of Understanding (10 November 2010). 6. Nongpha Dam located in Shan State will generate megawatt capacity of 1,200 and the developers are HydroChina (PowerChina) MOEE, IGE. The intended power market is China. The status is Memorandum of Agreement (22 May 2014). 7. Dam located in Shan State will generate megawatt capacity of 1,400 and the developers are Hanergy Holding Group, PowerChina, MOEE, Gold Water Resources (Asia World). The intended power market is China. The status is Memorandum of Agreement (21 May 2010).

CONFLICT POTENTIAL

The hydropower dam issue isn't just one of the economy and development or “business as usual” but thoroughly a political one.

“A fundamental issue regarding dams in the Salween basin is their relationship to contested territories in Myanmar, where there is a complex history of conflict and multiple associated claims for political authority and legitimacy. There are no less than ten non-state EAOs, 18 (BGFs) and 28 militias active in the Salween Basin area,” wrote Carl Middleton, Alec Scott and Vanessa Lamb in the above mentioned piece.

Between September 2011 and April 2012, the military-backed Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP) government renewed and signed new ceasefires with 14 EAOs— nine of which are based in the Salween river basin area—while also initiating a multilateral peace negotiation process, partial nationwide ceasefire agreement (NCA) was signed in October 2015.

Out of some 20 EAOs operating in the country, only eight signed the NCA in 2015 under USDP regime, followed by another two in 2018 during the present ruling National League for Democracy (NLD) government tenure, adding up to ten altogether. This means, 80 percent of the EAOs fighting force which the non-signatory EAOs possessed is pitted against the Myanmar military, mostly placed along the Salween River. According to the expert estimation, the some 20 EAOs combined troops could be between 80,000 and 100,000.

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The NCA-based peace process that is supposed to end the civil war and make necessary constitutional amendments to the military-drafted 2008 Constitution to become a federal union came to a halt more than a year ago, due to various implementation problems including dissatisfaction over developmental projects in ethnic areas. Among them, the proposed dam building is also one of them.

Armed conflict is concentrated in the Salween basin in northern Shan State, and in Karen State alone, since 2016, more than 8,500 civilians have been forced to flee Myanmar army or Tatmadaw military operations, in addition to the serious armed conflict that are going on in Kachin and Rakhine areas beyond the Salween river basin.

Hatgyi Dam is a contested area between Karen National Union (KNU), one of the NCA- signatories, Karen Border Guard Force (BGF), including the Tatmadaw. Mong Ton Dam is an area where some 300,000 people were forcibly relocated and the internally displaced persons (IDP), including refugees in Thailand many of whom still haven't been able to return and claim back their land. In addition, it is an area where the Myanmar military Eastern Central Command was set up in the aftermath of the forced relocation and was established particularly to monitor and control the Shan resistance movements. Thus, it is an area on continuous war-footing with on and off armed conflict occurring with the Shan EAOs, such as Restoration Council of Shan State (RCSS), signatory of the NCA, Shan State Progress Party (SSPP) with the Tatmadaw and even occasional armed engagement and military tension among the EAOs themselves, which also includes the United Wa State Army (UWSA).

Similarly, Nongpha Dam and Kunlong Dam are located in EAOs operational areas. In the former area, in 2015, Tatmadaw forces dispatched troops to lay siege to the SSPP at a strategic point close to the area under the control of the UWSA. As for the latter area, the Shan Human Rights Foundation (SHRF) stated that apart from affecting local villagers, the dam projects on the Salween River will also disrupt the peace process in Myanmar, since then around the dam sites there has been ongoing fighting between Myanmar government troops and the various EAOs. As a result, the local people are calling for a halt to dam construction. At present, dam construction has been suspended due to the ongoing armed conflict and reportedly the dam sites have been abandoned.

The undertaking of such hydropower dams boils down to the fact of whether single sovereign authority is in place which it is a very crucial question to begin with.

“Numerous analysts have linked the current plans for Salween dams to the risk of armed conflict and in some cases ongoing cases of fighting. For instance, around the Hatgyi dam site, fighting between a splinter faction of the Democratic Karen Buddhist Army (DKBA) and a Tatmadaw-allied BGF has sporadically broken out, including in 2014 and 2016, and has been linked by Civil Society Organization (CSO) networks to plans for the project. Similarly, a representative of the Shan Nationalities League for Democracy has suggested the Mong Ton dam could threaten the peace process and national reconciliation, a feeling echoed by CSOs,” according to the report of Carl Middleton, Alec Scott and Vanessa Lamb.

“Contested political authority over territory in the Salween basin requires a different way of looking at water governance, as the assumption of a single sovereign political authority does

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not hold. From a hydropolitical perspective, it means that multiple claims for legitimacy to govern must be given serious regard.”

In sum, an all-out conflict between the EAOs, CSOs, government and Tatmadaw in relation to the hydropower dams is very real and shouldn't be taken lightly. This goes for all Salween river basin areas where most of the various EAOs, ethnic political parties (EPPs) and ethnic population are openly against the projects due to the potential for disrupting their ecological system, livelihood and various other reasons.

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

According to “Strategic Environmental Assessment of the Myanmar Hydropower Sector: Discussion Brief” by International Rivers (December 2018): “In 2016, the International Finance Corporation (IFC)—the -sector lending arm of the World Bank—began a Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA or “the study”) of the Myanmar Hydropower Sector. To conduct this study, it partnered with two Myanmar ministries: Electricity and Energy (MOEE), and Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation (MONREC).”

The assessment process engaged national policymakers, ethnic armed organizations, development partners, private sector representatives, civil society and local communities— among others—and prompted discussions around the development of Myanmar’s energy and hydropower sectors.

Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is a process to ensure that environmental and social concerns are fully addressed in a proposed policy or plan at the outset. As such, SEA should take place early and before decisions are made about whether to adopt a given policy or plan. Therefore, an SEA on hydropower policy examines socio-economic and environmental issues related to hydropower at a broad strategic level, rather than at the level of an individual hydropower project.

From three of the key facts found by the SEA study, two of its recommendations are:

• Recommends no hydropower dams on the mainstream of major river basins, including the Ayeyarwady, Thanlwin (Salween), Mekong, Chindwin, Sittaung. This reflects best practice in maintaining the ecosystem functions of healthy rivers. • Proposes a “Sustainable Development Framework” for hydropower projects that includes a three-step approval process, and the establishment of new institutions and a policy framework for implementation.

The study suggested three steps for the approval of dam projects, which are:

• Project site screening against Basin Zoning Plan (all hydropower projects 10 megawatts or more) - “clearance” certificate needed before a memorandum of understanding (MOU) is agreed.

Page 15 of 42

• A Cumulative Impact Assessment (CIA) for all subbasins or watersheds where new or additional hydropower projects are planned as determined by the MOEE/MONREC Planning Committee. • An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) or Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) for projects (EIA for hydropower projects 15 megawatts or more, or reservoir volume 20,000 Mm3 (cubic mega metres) or reservoir 400 hectares or more; IEE for hydropower projects between 1 and 15 megawatts).

The SEA examined the impacts of the business as usual scenario, which includes all existing, planned and proposed dams across the country: a total of 69 planned projects (52,134 megawatts).

Based on the Basin Zoning Plan and value ratings, the SEA identifies the following guide for the total future development of the hydropower sector:

• existing projects: 3,300 megawatts • new hydropower generation: 8,900 megawatts – under construction: 1,600 megawatts – potential medium- and low-zone development: 7,300 megawatts – lower impact hydropower projects in high-zone basins: not estimated – hydropower projects less than 10 megawatts: not estimated • total sector: 12,200 megawatts or more

GOVERNMENT POSITION

Although the NLD-led government may look reluctant to commit itself in damming the mainstream rivers, as suggested by the SEA study, Myanmar doesn't seem to have a definitive plan for the electricity sector development in the public domain and the government has sent mixed messages on plans for hydropower on the Salween River.

While the NLD’s election manifesto made a commitment not to build new large dams, shortly after the NLD came to power, in August 2016 the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Electricity and Energy declared the government’s commitment to construct large hydropower dams on the Salween River. Moreover, the discussion which has turned to the use of natural gas for domestic electricity generation might suggest that the need to build dams on Salween River could have weakened considerably, according to some commentators, note Alec Scott and Vanessa Lamb.

The Ministry of Investment and Foreign Economic Relations last month announced tax exemptions for investments in selected sectors in all 14 states and regions in Myanmar and the Naypyitaw Union Territory, reported Myanmar Times on January 28.

While energy or power accumulation was not mentioned as the announcement emphasized mainly agriculture, manufacturing and infrastructure, the priorities set to achieve in Shan, Karenni and Karen states included “power” that has to be developed. However, it is not clear whether it is meant to develop dams on the mainstream Salween River or only on its tributaries, as suggested by the SEA.

Page 16 of 42

The government appears to have been sending mixed signals. A local media report in 2019 indicated that the Minister for Electricity and Energy was working on a new hydropower policy.

Reportedly, multiple sources confirmed that the ministry was drafting a white paper on this with technical support from China’s National Energy Administration (NEA), which is responsible for energy planning and regulation, and implements the decisions of the National Energy Commission headed by Premier Li Keqiang.

CIVIL SOCIETY FACTOR

There is no denying that CSOs and community-based organizations (CBOs) are crucial in building awareness where electricity trade, particularly where the impropriety of large dam construction is concerned.

For example, way back in February 2007, a Global Day of Action Against the Salween Dams in Myanmar took place in 19 cities globally, when a petition letter endorsed by 232 organizations was also released.

In July 2015, 122 organizations under the banner of “Save The Salween Network” met in Yangon, announcing absolute rejection of the dam building on the Salween River. And again, in February 2016, a statement was issued echoing the same rejection of the dam projects.

“Local people in the Salween Basin are overwhelmingly opposed to the dam plans, which would devastate their culture and livelihoods. Not only are these dams moving forward without proper scientific study, information transparency, or consent from local communities – but they are major drivers of violent conflict and human rights violations in ethnic areas,” wrote Karen Environmental and Social Action Network (KESAN) under the heading of “Water Governance” in its website.

Moreover, it added: “Water Governance work aims to empower vulnerable communities to advocate for the good governance of water resources – with a focus on the Salween River. The longest free- flowing river in Southeast Asia, the Salween supports incredible biodiversity, and also the livelihoods of the Karen, Karenni, Mon, and Shan peoples in Burma. However, the Salween’s health is threatened by secretive plans to build a cascade of five large hydroelectric dams in order to generate electricity for China and Thailand.”

POWER FOR WHOM?

What is largely lost in the controversy over the building of dams for hydropower in Myanmar is the question of who will benefit from the projects. Myanmar may be thirsting for electrical power but many if not all of the listed dam projects aim to send electricity out of the country, to China or to Thailand, with the host government deriving an income from the projects.

In part, this is one of the reasons why there is local opposition.

Page 17 of 42

As is the case with Myitsone Dam mega project, damming the mainstream Salween River is categorically rejected by the ethnic population in Shan, Karenni, Karen and Mon states.

Out of the seven dam projects - three each in Shan State and Karen State and one in Karenni State - two have been canceled; four have memorandum of agreement (MOA); and one memorandum of understanding (MOU). Thus, it could be taken that the four MOA would be binding, although details are unavailable to the public, while the one MOU could be easily disregarded. The only advantage the four MOA have is that they have not yet reached the maturity stage of implementation and thus should be much easier to handle, in case of wanting to nullify the contracts, compared to the Myitsone Dam project, which has partly been implemented before stopping it in 2011, under the directive of President Thein Sein and his USDP government.

It is not clear how the government will try to go about with the Salween Dam projects as a whole, with so much opposition from the local ethnic people, including hundreds of CSOs countrywide.

From the EAOs' point of view, the hydropower projects, at least concerning the mega ones along the mainstream Salween River are not in line with the National Ceasefire Agreements or NCA, as the government is breaching the agreement regarding the said project and it didn't bother to consult either with the EAOs or the local people in the affected areas, who inhabit the Salween basin.

According to the NCA between the EAOs and the government one paragraph states: “Planning of projects that may have a major impact on civilians living in ceasefire areas shall be undertaken in consultation with local communities in accordance with the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) Standard procedures and coordinated with relevant the Ethnic Armed Organizations for implementation.”

As can be seen the Salween basin is a contested area, where ongoing armed conflict and military tension are rampant between the EAOs and the government troops, including inter- ethnic wars among the EAOs, it is hardly advisable to implement such mega dam projects, for there is no long-lasting security and also lack of a single sovereign authority, as pointed out by the experts and keen observers.

And finally, while proponents of mega dams framed and propagated the undertakings as developmental solutions which will promote regional connectivity, industrialization, electrification and poverty alleviation, the technical framework of these projects overlook the human rights, environment, social impacts, and the ongoing NCA-based peace process, including achieving a federal democratic country in which all can live in harmony.

Indeed, a new report “Watered Down” by International Rivers (December 2019) finds the world’s largest hydropower corporations fail to meet basic social and environmental standards in preparing and constructing new dams. The study revealed several breaches of standard practice. For instance, only one of the seven projects studied made full environmental impact assessments publicly available prior to construction.

Page 18 of 42

In the end, it boils down to two main issues.

Firstly, harnessing the power of the Salween River is fraught with problems in terms of the effects and in terms of who would ultimately benefit, given the main thrust of dam projects appears to revolve around exporting power, not using it for the good of Myanmar.

Secondly, an all-embracing deliberation on resource governance, including the potential to harness rivers, needs to come after peace negotiations bring a political settlement to the ongoing ethnic conflicts. Without a durable peace solution, it is hard to contemplate a comprehensive solution to the critical question of how to handle the Salween.

http://www.mizzima.com/article/harnessing-salween-river-settlement-through- confrontation-or-cooperation ------

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စ��င��ဝဏ� 08 Feb 2020 | �မန�မ�တ��င��မ��န�စ��

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Page 19 of 42

''တ��င��ရင��သ�� ည�အစ�က���မ�င���မ �တ�အ��လ�ံ� ��စ��ပ�င��မ���စ�� လ��လ�� �တ�င��တ�နတ�� ဒ�မ��က�ရစ�အခ�င�� အ�ရ�၊ အ��ခခံ လ��အခ�င��အ�ရ�၊ တန��တ�ည�မ��ရ�န�� က��ယ�ပ��င��ပ��န��ခ�င�� ရရ���ရ�အတ�က� အ��လ�ံ�သ�ဘ�တ� လက�ခံ���င�တ�� ဒ�မ��က�ရစ�ဖက�ဒရယ� �ပည��ထ�င�စ��က���ဖစ�ထ�န�� �ပ��ပ�က� လ�ဖ��� ���င�ငံတစ�ဝန��လ�ံ�က တ��င��ရင��သ�� �တ� ပ���ပ�င��ပ�ဝင��ကဖ��� အထ��လ��အပ� ပ�တယ�''ဟ� ၎င��က ��ပ�သည�။

အ��ခခံမ�မ��� ရရ���ရ�အတ�က� �ပည��ထ�င�စ��င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ� ည�လ�ခံ ၂၁ ရ�စ�ပင�လ�ံတ�င� သ�ဘ�ထ���က��စ�� �စ�စပ�ည����င���ခင���ဖင�� ပ���ပ�င��ပ�ဝင� �ကရန���င�� လ�န�ခ���သ� ၇၃ ��စ�က ရရ��ခ���သ� စည��လ�ံ�ည���တ�မ�မ�����ဖင�� ပင�လ�ံစ�တ�ဓ�တ�က�� �ပန�လည��ဖ��ထ�တ� �ကရန�လည�� ���င�ငံ�တ��သမ�တက တ��က�တ�န��ခ��သည�။

https://myanmar.mmtimes.com/news/135015.html

------

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စ��င��ဝဏ� 09 Feb 2020 | �မန�မ�တ��င��မ��န�စ��

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https://myanmar.mmtimes.com/news/135069.html

------

�ပည��ထ�င�စ�ထ�က မတ� က���ပ��မ�မ���က�� အင�အ��အ�ဖစ� စ�စည��ရန� အ�ရ��က��ဟ� အတ��င�ပင�ခံ��ပ�

By DVB | 9 February 2020

�ပည��ထ�င�စ�ထ�က မတ�က���ပ��တ��တ�က�� အင�အ��အ�ဖစ� စ�စည��ဖ��� အင�မတန�အ�ရ��က��တယ�လ��� �ဒ��အ�င�ဆန��စ��ကည�က မ�န�အမ����သ���န�က�� �ပ�ပ���တ�� သဝဏ�လ��မ�� ထည��သ�င����ပ�ပ�တယ�။

Page 20 of 42

ဒ��န�က��ရ�က��ပ�� ၇၃ �က�မ���မ�က� က�င��ပ�နတ�� အခမ��အန���တ�ဆ�က�� အမ����သ���ပန�လည�သင���မတ��ရ�န�� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�ဗဟ��ဌ�န ဥက��၊ ���င�ငံ�တ��ရ��အတ��င�ပင�ခံပ�ဂ� ��လ�အ�နန�� သဝဏ�လ�� �ပ�ပ���လ��က�တ�ပ�။

�မန�မ����င�ငံဟ� တ��င��ရင��သ��လ�မ�����ပ�င��စ�ံန�� ဖ���စည��ထ��တ�� �ပည��ထ�င�စ����င�ငံ �ဖစ�တ��အ�လ��က� တ��င��ရင��သ��စည��လ�ံ�ည���တ��ရ�ဟ� အင�မတန�အ�ရ��က��တယ�လ��� ဆ��ပ�တယ�။

ဘ���ဘ����တ�ရ�� �ပည��ထ�င�စ�အ�ပ�မက��တ� လက��တ��အ�က�င�အထည��ပ�လ��စဖ��� မတ�က���ပ��တ��တ�က�� အင�အ��အ�ဖစ�စ�စည�����င�ဖ��� အထ��အ�ရ��က��တယ�လ���လည�� ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

�မန�မ����င�ငံမ�� ���င�ငံ�ရ��ပသန��တ�က�� ���င�ငံ�ရ�နည��လမ��န�� မ��ဖရ�င�����င�ခ��လ��� တ��င��ရင��သ���တ� အ�က�� စည��လ�ံ�ည���တ�မ�က�� မတည��ဆ�က����င�ခ��တ�� အက����ဆက�က�တ�� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�န�� အလ�မ���ဝ��ပ�� ဖ�ံ��ဖ ���တ���တက�တ� ����င�������နတ�က�� ဝမ��နည��ဖ�ယ�ရ��တ��ရတယ�လ��� ဆ��ပ�တယ�။

လက�ရ��မ���တ�� အစ���ရအ�နန�� ���င�ငံ�ရ��ပသန��တ�က�� ���င�ငံ�ရ�နည��လမ��န�� ��ဖရ�င��ဖ��� အမ����သ�� �ပန�လည�သင���မတ��ရ�န�� �ပည�တ�င���င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�က�� အ�လ��ပ��က ���ပမ���နတ� အ��လ�ံ� အသ�ပ� �ဖစ�တယ�လ���လည�� ထည��သ�င����ပ�ထ��ပ�တယ�။

�ပည��ထ�င�စ�တ��င��ရင��သ��အ��လ�ံ�ရ�� အ�ပ�မက��ဖစ�တ�� ဒ�မ��က�ရစ�အ�ရ�၊ အမ����သ��တန��တ�အ�ရ�န�� က��ယ���ကမ��က��ယ�ဖန�တ��ခ�င��ရ�ရ�တ��� အမ�န�တကယ� အ�က�င�အထည��ပ�လ�မယ�လ��� ယ�ံ�ကည�တယ�လ���လည�� ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

သ�မလန�� ဝ�မလ မ�န�ည��န�င���စ�ပ��က ဟံသ�ဝတ� ပ�ခ���မ ����တ��က�� စတင�ထ��ထ�င�ခ��တ�� သ�သန�သက�ရ�ဇ� ၁၁၁၆ ခ���စ�၊ တပ���တ��လ�ပည���က��� ၁ ရက��န�က�� မ�န�အမ����သ���န�အ�ဖစ� ၁၉၄၆ ခ���စ�က သံ�ဖ�ဇရပ�မ�� က�င��ပတ�� မ�န�အမ����သ��ည�လ�ခံက ဆ�ံ��ဖတ�ခ��တ�ပ�။

http://burmese.dvb.no/archives/370823

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လက�ရ��က�လ �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�မရရင� ဖ�ံ�ဖ ���တ���တက��ရ���င��ဒ�မ��က�ရစ� တည��ဆ�က��ရ�အတ�က� စ�န��ခ�မ�မ�����င�� ရင�ဆ��င�ရ���င�ဟ� ဝန��က��ခ��ပ� ဦ��ဖ ���မင��သ�န�� ��ပ�

By နန��ခ��င� | 10 February 2020

Photo - Phyo Min Thein

�ဖ�ဖ��ဝ�ရ� ၁၀ ရက�။ ။ လက�ရ��အခ��န� �ပည�တ�င�� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�သည� မရ��မ�ဖစ� လ��အပ��နသည�� အခ��န�က�လတစ�ခ� �ဖစ��နတ���က�င�� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�က�� မတည��ဆ�က����င�ရင� ���င�ငံ၏ ဖ�ံ�ဖ ���တ���တက��ရ� ��င�� ဒ�မ��က�ရစ� တည��ဆ�က��ရ�အတ�က� စ�န��ခ�မ�မ��� ရင�ဆ��င�ရဖ�ယ� ရ���န��က�င�� ရန�က�န�တ��င��ဝန��က��ခ��ပ� ဦ��ဖ ���မင��သ�န��က �ဖ�ဖ��ဝ�ရ� ၉ ရက��န�က �ပ�လ�ပ��သ� မ�န�အမ����သ���န� အခမ��အန��မ�� ��ပ�ဆ��လ��က�သည�။

Page 21 of 42

“ က�န��တ��တ��� ���င�ငံရ�� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�ဟ� မရ��မ�ဖစ� လ��အပ��နတ�� အခ��န�က�လတစ�ခ� �ဖစ�ပ�တယ�။ �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�က�� မတည��ဆ�က����င�ဘ��ဆ��ရင� က�န��တ��တ��� ���င�ငံရ�� ဖ�ံ�ဖ ���တ���တက��ရ�က�� တည��ဆ�က����င�မ�� မဟ�တ� ပ�ဘ��။ ဖ�ံ�ဖ ���တ���တက��ရ�က�� မတည��ဆ�က����င�ဘ� ဒ�မ��က�ရစ����င�ငံထ��ထ�င�ဖ���အတ�က� စ�န��ခ�မ��တ�အမ����က����င�� က�န��တ��တ��� ရင�ဆ��င�ရဖ�ယ� ရ��ပ�တယ�။“ ဟ� ၎င��က ��ပ�သည�။

�င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ� ၊ ဒ�မ��က�ရစ��ရ� ��င�� တ��င��ရင��သ��လ�မ���� အ��လ�ံ� ရ�� တန��တ�ည�မ�အခ�င��အ�ရ��တ� ရ���င�ဖ��� က��ယ��ကံ�ကမ�� က��ယ�ဖန�တ�����င�ခ�င��ရ��တ�� အမ����သ���သ��စည��ည���တ�တ�� ဒ�မ��က�ရစ�ဖယ�ဒရယ� �ပည��ထ�င�စ��က�� တည��ဆ�က�ဖ���က လက�ရ��အစ���ရရ�� ရည�မ�န��ခ�က�ပန��တ��င�လည���ဖစ���က�င�� ဝန��က��ခ��ပ�ကဆ��သည�။

''ဒ�အ��ခအ�နက�� �ရ�က�ဖ���အတ�က� က�န��တ��တ��� ���င�ငံအတ�င��မ� ရ��တ�� ဘ�သ�လ�မ�����ပ�င��စ�ံဟ� ည���တ�တ�� အင�အ��န�� က�န��တ��တ��� ���င�ငံက�� ��ပ�င��လ� ���င�ဖ���အတ�က� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�က�� �ဖ���ဆ�င��ကရမ�� �ဖစ�ပ�တယ� “ ဟ� ၎င��က ��ပ�သည�။

���င�ငံ�ရ��ပဿန�မ���က�� ���င�ငံ�ရ�နည��လမ���ဖင�� ည����င����ဖရ�င��ရန� တ��က�တ�န��ထ���သ� ���င�ငံ�တ��၏ အတ��င�ပင�ခံ ပ�ဂ� ��လ� �ဒ��အ�င�ဆန��စ��ကည�မ� �ပ�ပ���လ��သ� သဝဏ�လ��က��လည�� ဖတ��က��ခ��သည�။

လက�ရ�� အ�က�င�အထည��ဖ���န�သ� �ပည�တ�င���င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ�လ�ပ�ငန��စ��တ�င� တ��င��ရင��သ��အ��လ�ံ�က စည��လ�ံ�ည���တ�မ���င��အတ� ရသင��ရထ��က�သည�� အခ�င��အ�ရ�မ��� ရရ��ဖ��� လ��အပ��န��က�င�� ပ��က�င��ပ�ရ��က��မတ� ဒ� ဥက�� -၂ �ဒ�က�တ� မင��ခင�စ�န�က ��ပ�သည�။

“ အခ�က ပင�လ�ံည�လ�ခံလည�� သ����နတယ�ဆ��တ� အ��လ�ံ�ကလည��သ��န�ပ� ။ တ��င��ရင��သ��အ��လ�ံ�ကလည�� က��ယ�����င�ငံ မ�ပ ��လ�ဖ���အတ�က� အမ����သ��အခ�င��ခ�င�� စည��လ�ံ�ည���တ�မ�န��အတ� တ��င��ရင��သ��အ��လ�ံ� ရသင��ရထ��က�တ�� အခ�င��အ�ရ��တ�လည�� ရရ��ဖ��� လ��တ��ပ�ါ ။ ဒ�လ���မ����လည�� �ဖစ��စခ�င�တယ�။ အခ��တ�� အ��လမ����က�င���တ�� ဦ�တည��န�ပ�။ �ရ�က�တယ�ဆ���တ�� မဟ�တ��သ�ဘ��။ အခက�အခ��တ�� ရ���နတယ� “ ၎င��က ��ပ�သည�။

�ပ��ခ���သ���စ�က ၂ ရက�တ� က�င��ပခ���သ� မ�န�အမ����သ���န� အခမ��အန��က�� ယခ���စ�တ�င� ရန�က�န��မ ��� ရ�� �ပည�သ��ရင��ပင�တ�င� ၁ ရက�တ� က�င��ပခ���ပ���န�က� မ�န�����ရ�အစ��အစ� ��င�� ����ရ� အဝတ�အထည�မ��� �ရ�င��ခ� �ခင�� ၊ မ�န�ယ���က��မ� အကအလ� �ဖ�����ဖ�ခင�� လည�� ပ�ဝင�တင�ဆက�ခ��သည�။

http://www.mizzimaburmese.com/article/66865

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က�����န�ဗ��င��ရပ�စ���က�င�� အစ���ရ��င�� ��မ�က�ပ��င���လ�ဖ��� �တ��ဆ�ံ�ရ� အခက�အခ��ဖစ��နဟ�ဆ��

By စ��င��ဦ� | 10 February 2020

ပ�ံ - NRPC (fb) အစ���ရ က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ�အဖ�����င�� ��မ�က�ပ��င���လ�ဖ���မ� က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ�မ��� ၂၀၁၉ ခ���စ�၊ စက�တင�ဘ� ၁၇ ရက�က က���င��တ�ံ�မ ���မ�� Bilateral စ�ခ��ပ�က�စ� �ဆ�������န�ကစ��

ရန�က�န�၊ �ဖ�ဖ��ဝ�ရ� ၁၀။ ။ အစ���ရ��င�� ��မ�က�ပ��င��မဟ�မ�တ� �လ�ဖ���တ���အ�က�� တ��တ����င�ငံ၊က�မင���မ ���မ�� အလ�တ�သ�ဘ� �တ��ဆ�ံ�ဆ������ရန� ရ�� �သ��လည�� လတ�တ�လ� �ဖစ�ပ����နသည�� က�����န�ဗ��င��ရပ�စ���က�င��

Page 22 of 42

�တ��ဆ�ံရန� ရက�မည����င��ရ�သ���က�င�� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ� အက�����တ���ဆ�င�(PCG)မ� ဦ�လမ��င�ဂ�မ�ဂ��က ��ပ�သည�။

��မ�က�ပ��င��မဟ�မ�တ� �လ�ဖ���မ�� ကခ�င�လ�တ�လပ��ရ�တပ�ဖ���(KIA)၊ ပ�လ�င�(တအန��)�ပည�နယ�လ�တ���မ�က��ရ�တပ�ဦ� ( PSLF/TNLA)၊ ရခ��င�အမ����သ��အဖ���ခ��ပ�(ULA/AA)၊ �မန�မ�အမ����သ��ဒ�မ��က�ရ စ�မဟ�မ�တ� တပ� ဖ���(MNDAA) တ��� ပ�ဝင��က သည�။

ဦ�လမ��င�ဂ�န�ဂ��က "�ဖ�ဖ��ဝ�ရ�လ ၁၅ ရက��လ�က� တ��တ����င�ငံ၊က�မင��မ�� �တ��ဖ��� ခ��န��ထ��တ��တ�� ရ��တယ�။ ဒ��ပမ�� အ ခ� �လ��လ�ဆယ� တ��တ��ပည�မ��က က�����န�ဗ��င��ရပ�စ� �ရ�ဂ���က�င�� တ��တ��ပည�မ�� အဝင�အထ�က� ခက�ခ�တ�� အခ�က� �တ�� �တ��ဆ�ံ���င�ဖ��� ဘ�မ�လည�� မသ�ရ�သ�ဘ��" ဟ� ��ပ�သည�။

ပဏ�မ အပစ�အခတ� ရပ�စ��ရ�စ�ခ��ပ�(Bilateral) �ဆ������ရန� �ကန���က�န�ခင��သည� မည�သည�� အဖ���အစည����က�င�� မဟ�တ�ဘ� တ��တ��ပည�တ�င� �ဖစ�ပ����နသည�� �ရ�ဂ���က�င�� �လ��လ�ဆယ� ရက��ရ��ဆ��င��ရမည�� သ�ဘ� ရ���န�ပ�� ဒ�တစ��ခ�က� �တ��ဆ�ံ���င�ပ�က �က�င��မ�န�သည�� ရလဒ�မ��� ရရ�����င�သလ�� မ�က�ခင� လက�မ�တ��ရ�ထ������င�မည��အဆင�� �ဖစ�လ�လ�မ��မည�ဟ�လည�� �မ���လင��သည�ဟ� ၎င��ကဆ��သည�။

�င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ� �က��မရ�င�(PC) ဦ�လ��မ�င��ရ�က “က���င��တ�ံ �ဆ������ပ���ပ���တ�� တ��တ��ပည�မ�� အလ�တ�သ�ဘ� �ဆ������ဖ��� လ��ထ��တ��တ�� ရ��တယ�။ ဒ��ပမ��လည�� တ��တ� ��စ�သစ�က���န�က� ဗ��င��ရပ�စ� �ဖစ��နတ�ဆ���တ�� သ���ဖ���လ�ဖ���လည�� ခက�ခ��နတယ�။ ဘယ��တ�� �ဆ���������င�မလ� ဆ��တ�လည�� ည����င���န�ကတ�န��” ဟ� ��ပ�သည�။

AA မ� သတင����င���ပန��က���ရ�တ�ဝန�ခံ ဦ�ခ��င�သ�ခက�တ�� ပဏ�မ အပစ�အခတ� ရပ�စ��ရ�စ�ခ��ပ� (Bilateral) �ဆ������ �ရ� အ��ခအ�န��င��ပတ�သက��ပ�� မ�မ� မသ�ရ���သ�ဟ� ��ပ�သည�။

၂၀၁၉ ခ���စ�၊ စက�တင�ဘ� ၁၇ ရက�က ရ�မ���ပည�နယ� အ�ရ��ပ��င��၊ က���င��တ�ံ�မ ���မ�� အစ���ရ က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ���င�� ��မ�က�ပ��င�� �လ�ဖ���မ� က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ�မ��� Bilateral စ�ခ��ပ� ခ��ပ�ဆ�����င��ရ� �ဆ������ခ���ကရ� အခ�က� ၇ ခ�က�က�� ဆက�လက� �ဆ������ ရန� သ�ဘ�တ�ည�ခ���ကသည�။

�ဖ�ဖ��ဝ�ရ� ၁၅ ရက�တ�င� တ��တ����င�ငံ၊ က�မင���မ ���မ�� �တ��ဆ�ံရန� ည����င��ထ��မ�ရ���သ��လည�� တ��တ����င�ငံ၌ က�����န�ဗ��င��ရပ�စ� �ဖစ�ပ����န�ခင����က�င�� ဝင�ထ�က� သ���လ�ရန� အခက�အခ�မ��� ရ��လ�သည��အတ�က� �တ��ဆ�ံမ�ပ� အခက�အခ��ဖစ�လ���က�င�� PCG မ� ဦ�လမ��င�ဂ�န�ဂ��က ��ပ�သည�။

တ��တ����င�ငံ၊ ဟ��ဘ�ပည�နယ�၊ ဝ�ဟန��မ ���မ�� က�����န�ဗ��င��ရပ�စ� �ဖစ�ပ���မ� ၂၀၁၉ ခ���စ�၊ ဒ�ဇင�ဘ�လတ�င� စတင� �တ��ရ��ခ���ပ�� ၂၀၂၀ ခ���စ�၊ ဇန�နဝ�ရ� ၃၀ ရက�၌ ကမ ���က�န��မ��ရ�အဖ���(WHO)မ� ကမ ��လ�ံ�ဆ��င�ရ� အ�ရ��ပ� အ��ခအ �န ��ကည�ခ��ရ� ယခ�အခ�မ���တ�� တ��တ����င�ငံ တဝ�မ��အ�ပင�၊ �ပင�သစ�၊ အ�မရ�ကန�၊ စင�က�ပ�၊ �ဗ�တ�န� အပ�အဝင� ���င�ငံ အမ���စ�သ��� �ပန�� ��ံ သ���ခ��သည�။

လက�ရ��တ�င� က�����န�ဗ��င��ရပ�စ���က�င�� တ��တ����င�ငံမ�� �သဆ�ံ�သ� ၉၀၂ ဦ�ရ���ပ�� က��စက�ခံရသ� ၄၀၀၀၀ (�လ��သ�င��) ဝန�က�င��ရ����က�င�� သ�ရသည�။

အစ���ရ၏ �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ� �ဆ������မ�ဆ��င�ရ� အဖ���အစည��မ��� �ဖစ��ကသည�� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ��က��မရ�င� (PC) ��င�� အမ����သ�� �ပန�လည�သင���မတ��ရ���င�� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ� ဗဟ��ဌ�န (NRPC) တ���သည� ��မ�က�ပ��င���လ�ဖ�����င�� ၂၀၁၈ ခ���စ� �ဖ�ဖ��ဝ�ရ�လ အတ�င��က တ��တ����င�ငံ၊ က�မင���မ ���တ�င� တစ��က�မ�၊ ၂၀၁၉ ခ���စ�အတ�င�� �ပည�တ�င��၌ �လ��က�မ� စ�စ��ပ�င�� င���က�မ� �တ��ဆ�ံ �ဆ������မ�မ��� �ပ�လ�ပ�ထ����က�င�� သ�ရသည�။

http://www.mizzimaburmese.com/article/66866

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တပ�မ�တ��န�� �ကံ�ခ��င��ရ� ပ�တ�က ဖ���စည��ပ�ံ �ပင�ဆင��ရ� ဘ��တ� တင�သ�င��ထ��သလ�

By ထ�န��ထ�န�� | 10 February 2020

၂၀၀၈ ဖ���စည��ပ�ံ အ��ခခံ ဥပ�ဒအ�� ဒ�တ�ယအ�က�မ� �ပ��ပင�ရန� ဥပ�ဒ မ��ကမ��အ�န�ဖင�� အမ����သ�� ဒ�မ��က�ရစ�အဖ���ခ��ပ� (NLD) ပ�တ�ဝင� လ�တ��တ�� က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ� အမ���စ� ဦ��ဆ�င�သည�� လ�တ��တ��ပ���ပ�င�� �က��မတ�က �က ���ပမ���နခ��န� တ�င� တပ�မ�တ��ကလည�� ဥပ�ဒ မ��ကမ��၂ ခ���င�� �ပည��ထ�င�စ� �ကံ�ခ��င��ရ���င�� ဖ�ံ��ဖ ����ရ�ပ�တ� (UDSP) ကလည�� ဥပ�ဒ မ��ကမ�� ၃ ခ�တ���အ�� �ပည��ထ�င�စ� လ�တ��တ��သ��� တင�သ�င��ခ��သည�။

�သဂ�တ�လ ၈ ရက�တ�င� �ပ�လ�ပ�သည�� ဖ���စည��ပ�ံ အ��ခခံ ဥပ�ဒ �ပင�ဆင��ရ� ပ���ပ�င���က��မတ� အစည��အ�ဝ� တခ� / �ပည��ထ�င�စ� လ�တ��တ��

တပ�မ�တ����င�� �ကံ�ခ��င��ရ� ပ�တ�က တင�သ�င��သည�� ဥပ�ဒ မ��ကမ�� ၅ ခ�တ�င� အဓ�ကအ���ဖင�� က�က�ယ��ရ���င�� လ�ံ�ခ�ံ�ရ� �က�င�စ�၏ လ�ပ�ပ��င�ခ�င�� အ�ဏ� တ����မင��ရန�၊ သမ�တ၏ တ��င����င���ပည�နယ� ဝန��က��ခ��ပ� ခန��အပ�ခ�င�� ပယ�ဖ�က�က� သက�ဆ��င� ရ� လ�တ��တ��မ���ထံ အပ���င��ရန�၊ ဝန��က��ခ��ပ�မ���၏ လ�ပ�ပ��င�ခ�င�� အ�ဏ� တ����မင��ရန���င�� ၅၉(စ) ကန��သတ�ခ�က�အ�� �ပည� �ထ�င�စ�ဝန��က����င�� ဝန��က��ခ��ပ�မ��� ခန��အပ��ရ� အထ� သက��ရ�က��စရန� စသည�� �ပင�ဆင�ခ�က�မ��� ထည��သ�င��ထ��က�� လည�� �တ��ရသည�။

၁ ။ ပ�ဒ�မ ၂၆၁ ပ� အပ��ဒ�ခ�� (ခ)၊ (ဂ)၊ (ဃ)၊ (င) တ���က�� �ပင�ဆင�ရန� တင�သ�င���ခင��

သမ�တက တ��င����င���ပည�နယ� ဝန��က��ခ��ပ�မ���အ�� ခန��အပ�ပ��င�ခ�င��က�� ပယ�ဖ�က��ပ�� သက�ဆ��င�ရ� တ��င����င���ပည�နယ� လ�တ� �တ��မ���အ�� ခန��အပ�ခ�င�� အ�ဏ��ပ�ရန� �ပင�ဆင�ခ�က� တင�သ�င���ခင�� �ဖစ�သည�။

�ပင�ဆင�ခ�က� ဥပ�ဒမ��ကမ��အ�� �က��င��က�န���မ ���နယ�၊ �ပည�သ�� လ�တ��တ�� က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ� ဦ�သ�န��ထ�န��က တင�သ�င���ခင�� �ဖစ��ပ�� သက�ဆ��င�ရ� လ�တ��တ��မ���က ဆ��မ��ဖင�� �ရ��ခ�ယ�သ�အ�� ဝန��က��ခ��ပ� အရည�အခ�င�� မ�ပည��စ�ံ��က�င�� ခ��င�လ�ံပ� လ�င� သမ�တက �ငင��ပယ�ခ�င�� ရ��သလ�� လ�တ��တ��ဘက�ကလည�� အစ��ထ��� တင�သ�င��ခ�င�� ရ����က�င��လည�� �ပင�ဆင�ခ�က� ထည��သ�င��ထ��သည�။

၂ ။ ပ�ဒ�မ ၂၆၂(က)(၁)၊ ပ�ဒ�မ ၂၆၂(က)(၃)၊ ပ�ဒ�မ ၂၆၂(င) ၊ ပ�ဒ�မ ၂၆၂(စ)၊ ပ�ဒ�မ ၂၆၂ (ည)၊ ပ�ဒ�မ ၂၆၂ (ဋ)၊ ပ�ဒ�မ ၂၆၂ (ဌ)(၂)၊ ပ�ဒ�မ ၂၆၄(က)၊ ပ�ဒ�မ ၂၆၄(ဂ)

တ��င���ဒသ�က����င�� �ပည�နယ� ဝန��က��မ��� ခန��အပ�ရ�တ�င� ဝန��က��ခ��ပ�မ���၏ လ�ပ�ပ��င�ခ�င��အ�ဏ� တ����မင��ရန�အတ�က� �ပင�ဆင� ခ�က�မ��� တင��ပထ���ခင�� �ဖစ�သည�။

ယင�� ဥပ�ဒမ��ကမ��အ�� ဗ��လ�မ��ခ��ပ� �အ�င�ဆန��ခ�စ�က တင�သ�င��ခ���ခင�� �ဖစ��ပ�� �ပင�ဆင�ခ�က�မ��� အတည��ဖစ�ပ�က တ��င����င�� �ပည�နယ�ဝန��က��မ��� ခန��အပ�ရ�တ�င� သမ�တထံ တင��ပရန� မလ���တ��ဘ� သက�ဆ��င�ရ� လ�တ��တ��၏ သ�ဘ�တ�ည�ခ�က� �ဖင�� ဝန��က��ခ��ပ�က ခန��အပ����င�မည�� သ�ဘ� �ဖစ�သည�။

တ��င����င�� �ပည�နယ� ဝန��က��မ���သည�လည�� သမ�တအ�� တ�ဝန�မခံရ�တ��ဘ� ဝန��က��ခ��ပ�က��သ� တ�ဝန�ခံရမည� �ဖစ�သည�။

၃ ။ ပ�ဒ�မ ၂၃၂ (က)��င�� ပ�ဒ�မ ၂၆၁(က) တ�င� အပ��ဒ�ခ��(၅) အ�ဖစ� ၅၉(စ) �ပဌ�န��ခ�က� ထပ�မံ ထည��သ�င��ရန�

Page 24 of 42

�ဒ��အ�င�ဆန��စ��ကည� သမ�တ မ�ဖစ��ရ� ကန��သတ� ထည��သ�င��ထ���ခင�� �ဖစ���က�င�� �ဝဖန�မ�မ��� ရ��သည�� ပ�ဒ�မ ၅၉(စ) ပ� အခ�က�မ���အ�� �ပည��ထ�င�စ� ဝန��က��မ���၊ တ��င���ဒသ�က����င�� �ပည�နယ� ဝန��က��ခ��ပ�မ��� �ရ��ခ�ယ�ခန��အပ��ရ�တ�င�ပ� ကန��သတ�ခ�က�အ�ဖစ� ထည��သ�င��ရန� တင�သ�င��ထ���ခင�� �ဖစ�သည�။

ယင��ဥပ�ဒ မ��ကမ��အ�� ဗ��လ�မ��ခ��ပ� �မ�င��မ�င�က တင�သ�င��ခ���ခင�� �ဖစ��ပ�� �ပင�ဆင��ဖစ�ပ�က မ�ဘ၊ ဇန��/ခင�ပ�န��၊ သ��သမ�� ��င�� ၎င��တ���၏ ဇန��/ခင�ပ�န��မ���တ�င� �ပည�ပ���င�ငံသ�� ခံယ�ထ��သ� ရ���နပ�က အဆ��ပ� ပ�ဂ� ��လ�သည� �ပည��ထ�င�စ� ဝန��က��၊ တ��င���ဒသ�က����င�� �ပည�နယ� ဝန��က��ခ��ပ� �ဖစ�ခ�င��ရ���တ��မည� မဟ�တ��ပ။

ထ����ပင� ယင�� ကန��သတ�ခ�က�သည� တ��င���ဒသ�က����င�� �ပည�နယ�ဝန��က��မ���၊ �ပည��ထ�င�စ� �ရ���က�က�ပ�� �က�က�မရ�င� အဖ���ဝင�မ��� ခန��အပ��ရ�အထ� သက��ရ�က�မည�� အ��ခအ�နလည�� �ဖစ��နသည�။

၄ ။ ပ�ဒ�မ – ၅ ၊ ပ�ဒ�မ – ၅၉(ဂ)၊ ပ�ဒ�မ- ၂၀၁ �ပင�ဆင�ခ�က�

ပ�ဒ�မ ၅ အရ ဖ���စည��ပ�ံ အ��ခခံ ဥပ�ဒ အတည��ဖစ�သည���န�တ�င� ရ��သည�� ���င�ငံ၏ နယ�န�မ�တ�သည� အတည��ဖစ�သည� ဆ�� သည�� မ�လ �ပ��န��ခ�က�တ�င� “�န�က�ပ��င�� ရရ��သည�� နယ���မမ��� ရ��လ�ပ�ကလည�� ���င�ငံ၏ နယ�န�မ�တ�အ�ဖစ� အတည��ပ� ထည��သ�င��ရန�” ဆ��သည�� စ�သ�� ထည��သ�င��ရန� တင��ပထ���ခင�� �ဖစ�သည�။

ပ�ဒ�မ ၅၉(ဂ) ပ� သမ�တမ���၏ အသက� ကန��သက��ဖစ�သည�� “အနည��ဆ�ံ� အသက� ၄၅ �ပည���ပ��သ�” ဆ��သည�� စက�� ရပ�ထ�မ� “အနည��ဆ�ံ�” ဆ��သည�� စ�သ��အ�� �ဖ�တ�ပယ�ရန� တင��ပ�ခင�� �ဖစ�သည�။

အဓ�က �ပင�ဆင�ခ�က� အ�န�ဖင�� ပ�ဒ�မ ၂၀၁ တ�င� ပ�ဒ�မခ�� တခ�အ�န�ဖင�� က�က�ယ��ရ���င�� လ�ံ�ခ�ံ�ရ� �က�င�စ�၏ လ�ပ�ပ��င�ခ�င�� အ�ဏ�က�� ထပ�မံ တ����မင��ရန� တင�သ�င��ထ���ခင�� �ဖစ�သည�။ တနည��အ���ဖင�� လက�ရ�� က�/လ�ံ တည�ရ��မ�အရ အသ�ရ�န သည�� တပ�မ�တ�� အ�န�ဖင�� က�/လ�ံမ� တဆင�� အစ���ရအ�ပ� ထ�န��ခ��ပ����င�ရန� �က ���ပမ���ခင��ဟ� အဓ�ပ��ယ� သက��ရ�က��န��က�င�� ���င�ငံ�ရ� �လ�လ�သ�မ���က သ�ံ�သပ��ကသည�။

ယင�� �ပင�ဆင�ခ�က�မ���အ�� �ကံ�ခ��င��ရ�ပ�တ�က ကရင��ပည�နယ�၊ မ�ဆ��နယ� အမ�တ� ၅ ၊ အမ����သ�� လ�တ��တ�� က��ယ�စ�� လ�ယ� ဦ�စ��င��သန�����င�က တင�သ�င��ထ���ခင�� �ဖစ��ပ�� �ပင�ဆင����င�ပ�က က�/လ�ံ အစည��အ�ဝ� မ�ဖစ�မ�န ပ�ံမ�န� က�င��ပရမည� �ဖစ�သက��သ��� အ��ခအ�နအရ လ�တ��တ��မ��� ဖ�က�သ�မ��ရန�အထ� ��ပ�ဆ��လ�ပ�က��င�ခ�င�� ရ��လ�မည�� သ�ဘ� သက��ရ�က� �နသည�။

၅ ။ မ�တ��လ��မ ���နယ�၊ �ပည�သ�� လ�တ��တ�� က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ� �ဒ�က�တ� �မ�င�သင��က တင�သ�င��သည�� ဥပ�ဒမ��ကမ��တ�င� ���င�ငံ�တ��၊ ဖ���စည��ပ�ံ အ��ခခံ ဥပ�ဒ၊ လ�တ��တ��၊ အစ���ရ��င�� ဖ���စည��ပ�ံ အ��ခခံ ဥပ�ဒက�� �ပင�ဆင��ခင��ဆ��သည�� စက��ရပ� မ���၏ အဓ�ပ��ယ� ဖ�င��ဆ��ခ�က�မ���အ�� တင�သ�င��ထ��သည�� အ�ပင� ပ�ဒ�မ ၄ ခ�အ�� �ပင�ဆင�ရန� အဆ���ပ�ထ��သည�။

ပ�ဒ�မ – ၂၄၈(ဂ) တ�င� သမ�တသည� တ��င����င���ပည�နယ� ဝန��က��ဌ�နမ��� သတ�မ�တ��ခင��၊ �ပင�ဆင��ခင��၊ ဝန��က��ဦ��ရ တ����ခင�� �လ����ခင�� တ���က�� ဝန��က��ခ��ပ���င��ပ� ည����င���ပ��မ� �ဆ�င�ရ�က�ရန�၊

ပ�ဒ�မ – ၂၆၄(ခ)(၁) တ�င� “ဖ���စည��ပ�ံ အ��ခခံ ဥပ�ဒအ�� က�က�ယ��စ�င���ရ��က� ထ�န��သ�မ��ရန� ပ�က�က�က��သ�” ဝန� �က��ခ��ပ�အ�� သမ�တက ရ�ထ��မ� ထ�တ�ပယ����င���က�င��၊

ပ�ဒ�မ – ၃၂၂ (ခ) တ�င� အ��ခခံ ဥပ�ဒ ခ�ံ��ံ�အ�န�ဖင�� လ�တ��တ����င�� �ပည��ထ�င�စ� အဆင�� အဖ���အစည��မ���၏ လ�ပ��ဆ�င� ခ�က�မ���အ�� ဖ���စည��ပ�ံ အ��ခခံ ဥပ�ဒ��င�� ည�/မည� အနက�အဓ�ပ��ယ� ဖ�င��ဆ��ရန���င��

ပ�ဒ�မ – ၄၀၂ တ�င� �ရ���က�က�ပ�� �က��မရ�င�၏ ဆ�ံ��ဖတ�ခ�က�မ���အ�� အ�ပ�� အ�ပတ�မ�ဖစ��စဘ� �ပည��ထ�င�စ� တရ��လ�တ� �တ�� ခ��ပ�ထ� အယ�ခံဝင����င�မည�� �ပင�ဆင�ခ�က�မ���အ�� အဆ���ပ�ထ���ခင�� �ဖစ�သည�။

Page 25 of 42

ဖ���စည��ပ�ံ အ��ခခံ ဥပ�ဒ �ပင�ဆင��ရ���င�� ပတ�သက��ပ�� ဥပ�ဒ�ကမ�� ၇ ခ�အ�� တ�ပ�င��တည�� စ��ပ�င���ဆ������ရန� �ဖ�ဖ��ဝ� ရ� ၁၇ ရက��န�က�ဆ�ံ�ထ���ပ�� အမည�စ�ရင���ပ�ရန� လ�တ��တ��က ယ�န� ��ကည�လ��က�သည�။

https://burma.irrawaddy.com/news/2020/02/10/215233.html

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ဖ���စည��ပ�ံ�ပင�ဆင��ရ� �ဖစ����င��ခ� �သ��ခ�က� ၂ ခ�က�

10 February 2020 | စမ��ယမင���အ�င�

ဇန�နဝ�ရ� ၂၇ ရက� �ပည��ထ�င�စ�လ�တ��တ��တ�င� တပ�မ�တ��သ��က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ�တဦ�က�� �မင�ရစ�� / ထက��ဝ

အ�ဏ�ရ အမ����သ��ဒ�မ��က�ရစ�အဖ���ခ��ပ� (NLD) က �ပ��ခ��သည�� ဇန�နဝ�ရ�လ ၂၇ ရက��န�က �ပည��ထ�င�စ�လ�တ��တ��သ��� တင�သ�င��ထ��သည�� ဖ���စည��ပ�ံ�ပင�ဆင��ရ�အဆ���ပ�ခ�က� ၁၁၄ ခ�က�တ�င� အဓ�ကအက�ဆ�ံ� အခ�က���စ�ခ�က�က�� �တ��ရသည�။

ပထမဆ�ံ�တခ�က�မ�� တပ�မ�တ��က လ�တ��တ��အတ�င��ရယ�ထ��သည�� အခ����အစ��က�� �လ���ခ�ရန� အဆ���ပ�ထ���ခင���ဖစ�သည�။

၂၀၀၈ ဖ���စည��ပ�ံအ��ခခံဥပ�ဒ ပ�ဒ�မ ၁၄ ��င�� အ�ခ��ဆက�စပ�သည��ပ�ဒ�မ၊ ပ�ဒ�မခ��မ���အရ တပ�မ�တ��အရ�ရ��မ���သည� �ပည��ထ�င�စ�လ�တ��တ��အပ�အဝင� တ��င���ဒသ�က����င�� �ပည�နယ�လ�တ��တ��မ���အ��လ�ံ�၏ အမတ��နရ� ၂၅ ရ�ခ��င���န��က�� �ရ���က�က�ခံစရ�မလ��ဘ� ဝင��ရ�က��နရ�ယ�ထ��သည�။ အဆ��ပ� အထ��အခ�င��အ�ရ�အရ တပ�မ�တ��သည� နယ���မက�က�ယ��ရ�အ�ပင� ���င�ငံ၏ ဥပ�ဒ�ပ��ရ�တ�င�ပ� ဝင��ရ�က�စ�က�ဖက�ခ�င�� ရ��သည�။

လ�န�ခ��သည���လ���စ�တ� က�လတ�လ��က�တ�င� လ�တ��တ��ထ�ရ�� တပ�မ�တ��သ��က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ�မ���သည� အ�ဏ�ရ NLD ပ�တ�၏ အဓ�ကအတ��က�အခံမ��� �ဖစ��က�ပ�� အ�ရ��ခ�ယ�ခံက��ယ�စ��လ�ယ�မ���၏ အဆ���ပ�ခ�က�မ�����င�� �ဆ������ခ�က�တစ�ံတရ�က ဖ���စည��ပ�ံအ��ခခံဥပ�ဒက�� ခ�����ဖ�က�သည� သ���မဟ�တ� တပ�မ�တ��၏ပ�ံရ�ပ�က�� ထ�ခ��က��စသည�ဟ� ယ�ဆပ�က အ�ပင��အထန� ကန��က�က��လ�ရ��သည�။

NLD က လ�တ��တ��တ�င� စစ�တပ�၏ပ�ဝင�မ�က�� ၂၀၂၀ �ရ���က�က�ပ���န�က�ပ��င��တ�င� ၂၅ ရ�ခ��င���န��မ� ၁၅ ရ�ခ��င���န��သ���လည���က�င��၊ ၂၀၂၅ �န�က�တ�င� ၁၀ ရ�ခ��င���န��သ��� လည���က�င��၊ ၂၀၃၀ �န�က�တ�င� ၅ ရ�ခ��င���န��သ���လည���က�င�� တ�ဖည���ဖည�� �လ���ခ�ရန� အဆ���ပ�ထ��သည�။ သ����သ�� ယင��အဆ���ပ�ခ�က�တ�င� စစ�တပ�က�� လ�တ��တ��မ� လ�ံ�ဝဖယ�ရ���ရန� မပ�ဝင��ပ။

NLD ၏ ရည�မ�န��ခ�က���င�� ဆန��က�င�စ�� တ��င��ရင��သ��ပ�တ�မ���က စစ�တပ�က�� လ�တ��တ��မ� တခ�တည�� အ�ပ��သတ�ဖယ�ရ���လ���ကသည�။

၎င��တ���၏ �ပ�����ပ�င��သည�� ခ����ကပ�မ�က�� တပ�မ�တ��က လက�ခံရန� စ���စ���က�င�� စ���စ�����င�သည�ဟ� NLD က ယ�ဆဟန�ရ��သည�။ ထ��ခ����ကပ�မ�က အလ�ပ��ဖစ�မည� မ�ဖစ�မည�က�� မည�သ�မ�မသ����င�။ သ����သ�� �သခ����ပ����င�သည�က အကယ�၍ NLD သ� တပ�မ�တ��သ��မ���က�� လ�တ��တ��မ� ခ�က��ခင��ဖယ�ရ���ရန� အဆ���ပ�တင�သ�င��ခ��လ�င� ယခ�ထက� ပ��မ��အ���က�င��သည�� ဆန��က�င�မ�မ��� �က�ံ�နရမည��ဖစ�သည�။

Page 26 of 42

အဓ�ကအက�ဆ�ံ��ဖစ�သည�� �န�က�အခ�က�တခ�က�မ�� အ��ခခံဥပ�ဒ�ပင�ဆင��ရ� မည�သည��အဆ���ပ�ခ�က�က��မဆ�� တ��ဆ�����င�သည�� တပ�၏ ထ��ရ�က�သည��ဗ�တ��က�� ဖယ�ရ���ရန��ဖစ�သည�။

ဖ���စည��ပ�ံအ��ခခံဥပ�ဒပ�ဒ�မ ၄၃၆ အရ ဖ���စည��ပ�ံ၏ �ပဌ�န��ခ�က�မ���က�� �ပင�ဆင�လ��လ�င� �ပည��ထ�င�စ�လ�တ��တ��က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ�အ��လ�ံ�၏ ၇၅ ရ�ခ��င���န���က���က သ�ဘ�တ�လက�ခံရန� လ��အပ�သည�။ ထ�����က�င�� တပ�မ�တ��သ��မ���၏ သ�ဘ�တ�ည�ခ�က�မပ�ဘ� မည�သည���ပင�ဆင�ခ�က�မ� လ�ပ�ရန� မ�ဖစ����င��ပ။

NLD က ထ��ပ�ဒ�မတ�င� လ�တ��တ��အမတ�အ��လ�ံ�၏ ၇၅ ရ�ခ��င���န���က��� သ�ဘ�တ�ည�ခ�က�ရမ� �ပင�ဆင����င�မည��အစ�� “�ရ���က�က�တင���မ�က�ခံ �ပည��ထ�င�စ�လ�တ��တ��က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ� သ�ံ�ပ�ံ��စ�ပ�ံ�က���က �ပင�ဆင�ရန� သ�ဘ�တ�လ�င�” ��ပ�င��လ����င�ရန� အဆ���ပ�သည�။

အကယ�၍ NLD က အဆ���ပ�ထ���သ� �ပင�ဆင�ခ�က�သ� အတည��ဖစ�လ�င� က�ယ��ပန��စ�� �ဝဖန�ခံ�နရသည�� အ��ခခံဥပ�ဒက�� �ရ���က�က�ခံက��ယ�စ��လ�ယ� အမ���စ�က သ�ဘ�တ�လ�င� တပ�မ�တ��သ��မ���၏ သ�ဘ�ထ��မပ�ဘ� �ပင�ဆင����င�မည��ဖစ�သည�။

NLD က အဆ���ပ�ထ���သ� �ပင�ဆင�ခ�က�အ��လ�ံ�က�� တပ�ကလက�ခံရန�မ�� မ�ဖစ����င��သ��လည�� အထက��ဖ���ပပ� အဆ���ပ�ခ�က���စ�ခ�က�ထ�မ� တခ�က�က�� တပ�မ�တ��အ�န�ဖင�� လက�ခံရန� က������က�င��ဆ��လ���ဟန�ရ��သည�။ ယင��သ��� အခ�က�တခ�က�မ� လက�ခံလ�င�ပင� �မန�မ�� ဖ���စည��ပ�ံသည� ဒ�မ��က�ရစံ��န��မ�����င�� ည���တ��သ� ဖ���စည��ပ�ံ�ဖစ�လ����င�မည� �ဖစ�သည�။

လ�တ��တ��တ�င� တပ�မ�တ��သ��က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ�မ���က ၂၅ ရ�ခ��င���န���အ�က� �လ���ရ��လ�င� သ���မဟ�တ� ဖ���စည��ပ�ံ�ပင�ဆင�ရန� လ�တ��တ��က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ� ၇၅ ရ�ခ��င���န���က���က သ�ဘ�တ�ရန� မလ���တ��လ�င� အ��ခခံဥပ�ဒ�ပင�ဆင�မ�အ�� တပ�၏ ပ�တ�ဆ������င�စ�မ��က�� ဖယ�ရ������င�မည��ဖစ�က� ဒ�မ��က�ရစ�နည��မက��သ� �ပ��န��ခ�က�မ�����င�� ဖက�ဒရယ��ပည��ထ�င�စ�က�� တည��ထ�င�ရ� အတ��အဆ���ဖစ��န�သ� �ပ��န��ခ�က�မ���က�� �ပင�ဆင�ရ�တ�င� မ���စ�� လ�ယ�က�သ���မည��ဖစ�သည�။

သ����သ�� �ပ��ခ��သည�� တ��စ�တ�အတ�င�� NLD ��င�� တ��င��ရင��သ��ပ�တ�မ���၏ လ�တ��တ���က��မတ�တခ�ကတဆင�� အ��ခခံဥပ�ဒ�ပင�ဆင��ရ� �ဆ�������က ���ပမ��မ�မ���အ��လ�ံ�က�� တပ�မ�တ��သ��လ�တ��တ��က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ�မ���က ဆန��က�င�ခ���ကသည�။ ထ���က��မတ�တ�င� ပ���ပ�င���ဆ�င�ရ�က��ခင��မ�ပ�ဘ� ၎င��တ���က သ�တ���၏ က�ိ�ယ�ပ��င��ပင�ဆင��ရ�အဆ���ပ�ခ�က�မ���က��သ� တင�သ�င��ခ��သည�။ ယင��အဆ���ပ�ခ�က�မ���က�� �ကည��လ�င� ၎င��တ���၏အက����စ��ပ���က�� မထ�ခ��က����င��သ� �ပ��ပင���ပ�င��လ�မ� အနည��ငယ�က��သ�လ�ပ�ရန� �က ���ပမ��သည��ပ�ံရ��သည�။

ယခ� ဖ���စည��ပ�ံ�ပင�ဆင��ရ��က ���ပမ��မ�မ���က�� တပ�မ�တ��က သ�ဘ�မတ�လ�င� NLD အ�နန��ဘ�လ�ပ�ဖ���ရ��ပ�သလ�ဟ� �မ��မန���သ�အခ� NLD ၏ အမ����သ��လ�တ��တ�� က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ� �ဒ�က�တ��မတ�ဉ�ဏစ���က လက�ရ��ဖ���စည��ပ�ံအ��ခခံဥပ�ဒအရ လ�တ��တ��က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ� ၇၅ ရ�ခ��င���န���က��� သ�ဘ�မတ�ခ��လ�င� ဘယ�လ��မ�လ�ပ�လ���မရ ဟ� �ပန���ဖခ��သည�။

“အ��ဒ�က အဓ�က အဟန��အတ��ပ�”ဟ� ၎င��က��ပ�သည�။

�ဒ�က�တ��မတ�ဉ�ဏစ���သည� �ပည��ထ�င�စ�လ�တ��တ�� ဖ���စည��ပ�ံအ��ခခံဥပ�ဒ�ပင�ဆင��ရ� ပ���ပ�င���က��မတ�၏အတ�င���ရ�မ���ဖစ��ပ�� �က��မတ�သည� ���င�ငံ�ရ�ပ�တ� တဒ�ဇင�ခန��ဆ�မ� အ�ကံ�ပ��ပင�ဆင�ခ�က�မ���က�� စ�စည��ခ���ပ���န�က� ယခ� လ�တ��တ��သ��� တင�သ�င��ခ��သည�� အဆ���ပ�ခ�က� ၁၁၄ ခ�က� ပ�ဝင�သည�� ဖ���စည��ပ�ံ�ပင�ဆင��ရ�ဥပ�ဒ�ကမ��၂ခ�က�� �ရ�ဆ��ခ��သည�။ အ�ပ�စ�အ��လ�ံ�အ�န��င�� မတ�ည�သည��အ�မင�မ�����င�� မ�မ�တ���အဖ��� အက����စ��ပ���မ���က�� �ဘ�ဖယ��ပ�� ���င�ငံအတ�က� အတ�တက� ပ���ပ�င���ဆ�င�ရ�က�ပ�က ဖ���စည��ပ�ံ�ပင�ဆင��ရ�သည� မ�ဖစ����င�စရ�မရ����က�င�� �ဒ�က�တ��မတ�ဉ�ဏစ���က ထပ�မံ��ပ��က��သည�။

Page 27 of 42

�က�ရ�ည�စ���စ�င��စ��ခ��ရသည�� အ��ခခံဥပ�ဒ�ပင�ဆင��ရ�အတ�က� တခ�����သ� လ�တ��တ��က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ�မ���က �ပ��ပင���ပ�င��လ�မ� အနည��ငယ��ဖစ�လ�ရန� �မ���လင��ခ�က�မ��� ရ���န�ကသည�။

တပ�မ�တ��က�က�ယ��ရ�ဦ�စ��ခ��ပ�ကလည�� အ��ခခံဥပ�ဒက�� �ပင�ဆင��ရ�က�� တပ�မ�တ��အ�န��င�� မကန��က�က���က�င�� ��ပ�ထ���ပ��၊ ယခင�အ�ဏ�ရပ�တ��ဟ�င�� �ပည��ထ�င�စ��ကံ�ခ��င��ရ���င�� ဖ�ံ��ဖ ����ရ�ပ�တ�ကလည�� ၎င��တ���ပ�တ�အ�န�ဖင�� ဖ���စည��ပ�ံက�� �ပင�ခ�င���က�င�� ��ပ�ဆ��မ�မ���ရ���ပ�� NLD ��င�� တ��င��ရင��သ��ပ�တ�မ���က ဖ���စည��ပ�ံ�ပ��ပင���ပ�င��လ��ရ� တ�န��အ���ပ��န�သ���က�င�� �ပင�ဆင�ခ�က�အခ���� အတည��ဖစ�လ�မည�ဟ� �မ���လင����က�င�� တ��င��ရင��သ�� လ�တ��တ��က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ�တဦ�က �န�ပည��တ��လ�တ��တ��တ�င� ��ပ�သည�။

“�ပ��ပင���ပ�င��လ��ရ�က �ရ��ဆက�သ����နရင�က�� က��န��တ���အတ�က� �အ�င��မင�မ�ပ�” ဟ� သ�က ဆ��သည�။

(San Yamin Aung ၏ Two Possible ‘Keys’ to Unlocking Charter Reform in Myanmar က�� ဘ�သ��ပန�သည�။)

https://burma.irrawaddy.com/article/2020/02/10/215208.html

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တပ�မ�တ��၏ အ��က�င��မ�� ပစ�ခတ�မ�မ�����က�င�� �ဒသခံရ��သ�� ထ�ခ��က�ဒဏ�ရရ��ဟ�KNU ��ပ�

�ဖ�ဖ��ဝ�ရ� ၁၀ ရက�၊ ၂၀၂၀ ခ���စ�။ �ကအ��င�စ�

(KNU တပ�မဟ� ��ံ�ထ��င�မ�� ဗ��လ�မ�� �စ�ကလယ�ဒ���)

မ�တ�ရ��(ဖ�ပ�န�)ခ���င�တ�င� လ�ပ�ရ����နသည�� တပ�မ�တ��၏ တပ�ဖ���ဝင�မ���သည� လက�နက��က�� လက�နက�ငယ�မ����ဖင�� အ��က�င��မ�� ပစ�ခတ�မ�မ��� လ�ပ��ဆ�င�သည��အတ�က� �ဒသခံ ရ��သ��မ��� ထ�ခ��က�ဒဏ�ရ�ရမ�မ��� ရ��ခ��သည�ဟ� KNU-ကရင�အမ����သ��အစည��အ��ံ� တပ�မဟ� (၅)က ယမန��န� (�ဖ�ဖ��ဝ�ရ� ၉ရက�)�န�စ���ဖင�� အ�ရ���တ�င�တ��င��စစ�ဌ�န ခ��ပ���င�� �တ�င�ပ��င��တ��င�� စစ�ဌ�နခ��ပ�တ��င��မ��တ���ထံ �ပ�ပ���သည�� ကန��က�က�စ�တ�င� �ဖ���ပထ��သည�။

၎င��ကန��က�က�စ�ထ�တ�င� �ပ��ခ��သည�� ဇန�နဝ�ရ�လ ၂ရက��န�က အ�ရ���တ�င�တ��င�� စစ�ဌ�နခ��ပ� လက��အ�က�ခံ စကခ -(၈) ခမရ (၄၀၈)မ� ဒ�ရင��မ�� အဆင��ရ�� �န�င�ထ�န�� ဦ��ဆ�င�သည� တပ�ဖ���ဝင�မ���သည� မ�တ�ရ��ခ���င�၊ ဒ�ယ�လ����မ ���နယ� �လ�ဖ���ထ� �က��ရ��အ�ပ�စ�ရ�� ဝ�သ���ခ�� �က��ရ��သ����စ�ဦ�အ�� ပစ�ခတ�ခ��သ�ဖင�� ရ��သ�� �စ�စ�န�သန�� (၆၀)��စ���င�� �စ��ဇ�တ�က (၆၃)��စ�ဆ��သ� ��စ�ဦ�မ�� �ပင��ထန�စ��ဒဏ�ရ�ရရ��ခ��သည�ဟ� KNU က �ဖ���ပထ��သည�။

�ကအ�န�ယ� တပ�မဟ� (၅) ��ပ�ခ�င��ရသ� ဗ��လ�မ�� �စ�ကလယ�ဒ���က “ဝ�သ���ခ��ရ��မ�� က��န��တ��� ၁၀၂တပ�ရင��က တပ�ဖ���ဝင��တ�ရ��တယ�။ ဗမ�စစ�တပ�က ဝင�လ��တ�� ပစ�ခတ�မ�အနည��ငယ��ဖစ�တယ�။ �ပ���တ�� ၁၀၂တပ�ရင��က လ��တ��ရ��င�လ��က�တယ�။ စစ�တပ�က ရ��ထ�ဝင��ပ���န�က� ရ��စ�န�မ�� �နရ�သ���ယ�တယ�။ အ�ဒ�အခ�မ�� ရ��သ�� ��စ��ယ�က�က အသ�ဘခ�ဖ��� လ��သပစ�ည���တ�က�� အရင�သ���ပ���တ��အခ�မ�� စစ�တပ�န��တ����ပ�� အပစ�ခံရတ�။ အ�ဒ�မ�� ကမ�မ�င��က အ�ပ�ခ��ပ��ရ�မ��က�� မ���ပ���တ�� အ�ဒ�လ���စ��ယ�က�က�� ဖ��အံ�ဆ���ံက�� ပ���လ��က�တယ�လ��� �က��တယ�။ သ�တ����ဖ���ပတ�က တ��က�ပ���ဖစ�တ��အခ��န�မ�� ထ�တ�လ��� ��ပ�တယ�။ တကယ�က ဘ�မ�မဆ��င�ဘ��။ ပစ�ခတ�မ� �ဖစ�တ�က မနက�ပ��င��။ အခ� အပစ�ခံရတ� �န�လည�အခ��န�မ�� ”ဟ� �ကအ��င�စ�သ��� ��ပ�သည�။

Page 28 of 42

ထ���အ�ပင� တပ�မ�တ��သည� ဝ�သ���ခ��မ��န၍ မယ�စ�ခ��ရ��(မ��ဇ��င���ခ��င��ဖ���)ရ�� �ပည�သ�မ���အ�� ပစ�မ�တ�ထ���ပ�� လက�နက��က��မ����ဖင�� တစ��နက�န� အ��က�င��မ�� ပစ�ခတ��ခ�မ����ခ�က�မ�မ��� လ�ပ��ဆ�င�ခ��သည�ဟ�လည�� KNU တပ�မဟ� (၅) ဆ��သည�။

KNU ၏ ကန��က�က�စ�အရ �ပ��ခ��သည�� ဇန�နဝ�ရ�လ ၃၁ ရက��န�တ�င�လည�� တပ�မ�တ��မ���မ� လ��သ��မ ���နယ� စ��ဒ��ဒသအတ�င��ရ�� �ဒသခံ �ပည�သ�မ��� လ�ပ�က��င�သ���လ�သည�� �နရ�မ���တ�င� လက�နက��က�� ၆၀ မမ (၅)လ�ံ���င�� M-79 လက�နက� (၇)လ�ံ� ပစ�ခတ�ခ��သလ�� �ဖ�ဖ�ဝ�ရ�လ ၃ရက�မ� ၈ရက��န�အထ� လ��သ��မ ���နယ�အ တ�င��ရ�� �မန�မ��တပ�မ�တ��၏ အထ��င�စခန��မ����ဖစ��သ� ပ���ခ�ခ�� (�ဘ��စ�ခ��)စ ခန����င�� က�လ�က����၊ က�ခ��စခန��မ���ရ�� �မန�မ��တပ�မ�တ��သည� �ဒသခံရ��သ��မ��� လ�ပ�က��င�စ�� �သ�က�ရ� တက�ဒ�၊ က��ဒ�၊ တ�သ��ဒ� �ဒသမ���ရ�� �က��ရ��မ����ဖစ�သည�� ဒ��တ�ပ�လ�၊ မယ�လယ�ထ�၊ တ��ဖ�ထ��၊ ဝယ��လထ၊ တ�လ�ဒ�ခ��၊ ခ��ပ��မ��ဒ�၊ ����လ� ပ��ဒ���င�� ပလ��ဝ���ဒ�စသည�� �က��ရ��မ���သ��� နံနက� ၁၀န�ရ� မ�နစ� ၅၀ မ� ည�န ၁န�ရ� ၃၀မ�နစ�အထ� လက� နက��က�� အလ�ံ� (၄၀) တ�တ� ပစ�ခတ�ခ��သည�ဟ� �ဖ���ပထ��သည�။

ထ��ပစ�ခတ�မ���က�င�� တက��ဒ��က��ရ��အတ�င��သ��� လက�နက��က�� (၅)လ�ံ���င�� က��ဒ��က��ရ��အတ�င��သ��� လက�နက��က�� ရလ�ံ� က��ရ�က�ခ��သည��အ�ပင� ၎င���ဒသရ�� �ဒသခံ �ပည�သ�မ���သ���လ�လ�ပ�ရ���သည�� က��လမ����င�� လမ��မ���တ�င� လည�� ကင��ပ�န��ဝပ��ခင��၊ �ခ��င����မ�င��ပစ�ခတ�မ� ပစ�ခတ�မ�မ���က�� �ပ�လ�ပ�လ�က�ရ��သည��အတ�က� လက�ရ��အခ��န�တ�င� က��ဒ��က��ရ��ရ�� အ�မ��ထ�င�စ� ၄၅ စ�မ� လ�ဦ��ရ ၃၃၂ဦ�မ�� လ�တ���မ�က�ရ� �နရ�မ���သ��� ထ�က���ပ�တ�မ���ရ��င��နရသည�ဟ� KNU တပ�မဟ� ၅ဘက�က ��ပ�သည�။

�င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ� �ဆ������စ��က�လအတ�င�� �မန�မ��တပ�မ�တ��ဘက�က ယခ�လ�� လက�နက��က��၊ လက�နက� ငယ�မ����ဖင�� �ပည�သ�မ���သ���လ�လ�ပ�က��င�စ���သ�က�ရ��နရ�မ�����င�� �ဒသခံ�ပည�သ�မ��� သ���လ�လ�ပ�ရ���ရ� �နရ�မ���အ�� အ����င��အယ�က��ပ��ခင��၊ ပစ�ခတ�မ�မ��� �ပ�လ�ပ��ခင��သည� တစ�ဖက���င��တစ�ဖက� ယ�ံ�ကည�မ�က�� ထ�ခ��က��စ ���င�သည��အ�ပင� ပဋ�ပက�ဘက�က�� ဦ�တည��စ���င� သည�ဟ�လည�� KNU တပ�မဟ� ၅ ��ပ�ခ�င��ရသ� ဗ��လ�မ���စ�ကလယ�ဒ���က ��ပ�သည�။

အဆ��ပ� လ�ပ��ဆ�င�ခ�က�မ���သည� တစ����င�ငံလ�ံ� ပစ�ခတ�တ��က�ခ��က�မ� ရပ�စ��ရ� သ�ဘ�တ�စ�ခ��ပ� ( NCA) စ�ခ��ပ�ပ� ��စ�ဖက��လ�စ��လ��က�န�ရမည�� ပစ�ခတ�တ��က�ခ��က�မ� ရပ�စ��ရ�ဆ��င�ရ� စည��မ����စည��ကမ��မ�����င�� စစ�ဘက�ဆ��င�ရ�က�င��ဝတ�မ��� (CoC) Code of Coduct ၏ အခန�� (၂)၊ စ�ပ��ဒ�(၇)၊ စ�ပ��ဒ�ခ�� (ခ)(ဂ)(ည)��င�� (ထ)ပ� အခ�က�မ���အ�� �ဖ�က�ဖ�က�က���လ�န�သည��အ�ပင� အခန�� (၃)၊ စ�ပ��ဒ�(၈)၊ စ�ပ��ဒ�ခ�� (က)(ခ)ပ� အခ�က� မ�����င�� စ�ပ��ဒ� (၉ )၊ စ�ပ��ဒ�ခ�� (ဃ)ပ�အခ�က�မ���အ�� �ဖ�က�ဖ�က� က���လ�န��နသည��အတ�က� ၎င��လ�ပ�ရပ�မ���အ�� �ပင���ပင��ထန�ထန�ကန��က�က�သည�ဟ� KNU က ��ပ�သည�။

ယခ�က�စ���င��ပတ�သက�၍ �တ�င�ပ��င��တ��င�� စစ�ဌ�နခ��ပ�-တပခ ��ပ�ခ�င��ရသ� ဗ��လ�မ���က���က���စ���မ���အ�� ဖ�န���ဖင�� အ�က�မ��က�မ� �က ���စ��ဆက�သ�ယ�ခ���သ��လည�� ဆက�သ�ယ�၍ မရခ��သလ�� ကရင��ပည�နယ� ပစ�ခတ�တ��က�ခ��က�မ� ရပ�စ��ရ�ဆ��င�ရ� ပ��တ���စ�င���ကည���ရ��က��မတ�(JMC-S) ၏ ��ပ�ခ�င��ရ��သ�မ���က�� လည�� ဆက�သ�ယ��မ��မန��၍ မရရ��ခ���ပ။

NCA စ�ခ��ပ�ပ� Code of Conduct ၏ အခန�� (၂) အရပ�သ���ပည�သ���င�� ပတ�သက�၍ �စ�င��ထ�န��လ��က� န�ရမည�� က�င��ဝတ�စည��ကမ��မ��� စ�ပ��ဒ� (၇) စ�ပ��ဒ�ခ�� (ခ)တ�င� �ပည�သ�ထ�ထ�အ�� လ�တစ�ဦ�တစ��ယ�က�၏ ဂ�ဏ�သ�က��က�� ထ�ပ�� �စသည�� လ�ပ�ရပ�မ���၊ အ�ကမ��ဖက��ခင��၊ ဥပ�ဒမ�� ဖမ��ဆ��ခ��ပ� ����င��ခင��၊ �ပန��ပ�ဆ���ခင��၊ ည�င��ပမ�����ပ�စက��ခင��၊ လ�သ��မဆန�စ�� �ပ�မ�ဆက�ဆံ�ခင��၊ အက����ခ��ခင��၊ သတ��ဖတ��ခင����င�� �ဖ��က�ဖ�က��ခင�� မ�ပ�လ�ပ�ရ။ စ�ပ� ိဒ�ခ�� (ဂ) တ�င� �ဒသခံ�ပည�သ�မ���က�� အဓမ��နရပ�စ�န��ခ���စ�ခင��၊ �ရ����ပ�င���စ�ခင�� မ�ပ�လ�ပ�ရ။ (ည)တ�င� �ပည�သ�လ�ထ�၏ စ��နပ�ရ�က��စ��ဆ�င���ခင��၊ က�န�ပစ�ည��မ�����င�� �က�က�ပ�သ����ံမ���က�� တပ��င�တ���င� သယ�ယ�ပ����ဆ�င� �ရ�င��ခ� �ခင��၊ က��သန���ရ�င��ဝယ��ခင�� လ�ပ�ငန��မ���က�� ����င��ယ�က�ဟန��တ���ခင��မ�ပ�လ�ပ�ရ။ (ထ)တ�င� အရပ�သ���ပည�သ� မ��� စ���ရ�မ���က�င���ကမ�မရ��ဘ� အပစ�ရပ�နယ���မမ���အတ�င�� လ�တ�လပ�စ�� သ���လ�ခ�င���ပ�ရန�ဟ� �ဖ���ပထ��သည�။

Page 29 of 42

ထ���အ�ပင� အခန�� (၃) ၏ စ�ပ��ဒ� (၈) စ�ပ��ဒ�ခ�� (က)တ�င� အပစ�ရပ�နယ���မအတ�င�� တစ�ဖက���င��တစ�ဖက� အ�က�� နယ���မစ���မ���မ� တပ�လ�ပ�ရ����ခင��၊ ကင���ထ�က��ခင��၊ အင�အ��တ���ခ����ခင��၊ လက�နက�က��င� တ��က�ခ��က�မ�မ���၊ အင�အ�� တ���ခ����ခင��၊ လက�နက�က��င�တ��က�ခ��က�မ�မ���၊ မ��င���ထ�င��ခင��မ���၊ အ�ကမ��ဖက�တ��က�ခ��က�မ�မ���၊ ��ပ�ဝတ��မ��� ဖ�က�ဆ�� �ခင����င�� ထ���စစ�ဆင��ခင��မ���က�� ရပ�ဆ��င��ရန�၊ (ခ)တ�င� တစ�ဖက���င��တစ�ဖက� ရန�မ�သည�� (သ���မဟ�တ�) �စ��က��မ��ဖစ��စသည�� တ��က����က� (သ���မဟ�တ�) သ�ယ�ဝ��က�သည�� လ�ပ�ရပ�မ���က�� မ�ပ�လ�ပ�ရဟ�၍ �ဖ���ပထ��သလ�� စ�ပ��ဒ� (၉ ) စ�ပ��ဒ�ခ�� (ဃ)တ�င� တပ�မ�တ����င�� တ��င��ရင��သ��လက�နက�က��င� အဖ���အစည��မ��� သည� မ�မ�တ��� လက�နက�က��င�တပ�ဖ���ဝင�မ���အ�� သတ�မ�တ��နရ�မ���တ�င�သ� ထ��ရ��ရန�ဟ�၍ ပ�ရ��သည�။

http://kicnews.org/2020/02/တ�ပ�တ�္၏-�အၾက�င္းမ��-ပစ/

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ကရင�လ�ငယ��ခ�င���ဆ�င�မ��� �ပ�ထ�က��ရ� အ�လ�ထ��ပ�

February 10, 2020 38 | (အယ�ဒ�တ�� အ��ဘ��)

လက�ရ�� ကရင�လက�နက�က��င��တ��လ�န��ရ� အသ��င��အဝ��င��တ�င� �သ��လည���က�င��၊ ကရင� ���င�ငံ�ရ�ပ�တ�မ��� တ�င� �သ��လည���က�င��၊ ကရင�လ�မ�အဖ���အစည�� အသင��အပင��မ���တ�င� �သ��လည���က�င�� မ����ဆက�သစ� ကရင�လ�ငယ��ခ�င�� �ဆ�င�မ��� နည��ပ���နသည�က�� �တ��ရသည�။ လ�ငယ�ဟ�သည� “ယ�န�လ�ငယ� �န�င�ဝယ� လ��က��” ဆ��သက��သ�� ့ နယ�ပယ�စ�ံ၌ �ခ�င���ဆ�င�မ�တ�ဝန�က�� ဆက�ခံရ မည��သ�မ���သ� �ဖစ�သည�။

ယ�န� �ခတ�ကရင�လ�ငယ�မ���အ�န�ဖင�� �မန�မ����င�ငံ၏ အ��ခအ�နအရ ယခင�ထက� �ခတ��က�င��က�� �ဖတ�သန�� ရသ�မ��� �ဖစ�သည�။ ���င�ငံ�ရ�လ�ပ�ခ�င��ရ��သည�၊ အမ����သ���ရ�တ�င�လည�� အလ�ယ�တက�ပ�ဝင��ဆ�င� ရ�က����င�သလ�� သတင�� ဆက�သ�ယ��ရ�နည��ပည���က�င�� မည�သည��ပည�ရပ�မဆ�� အ��ထ�တ�က�တစ��က�မတ�မတ� �လ�လ����င�သည�။ ထ���အ�ပင� သတင���ခတ� �ဖစ�သည��နည��တ� သတင��အခ�က�အလက�မ���က�� အလ�ယ�တက� လက�လ�မ��မ����င�သည�� အ��ခအ�န �ဖစ�သည�။

တ�ခ�� တစ�ဖက�တ�င�မ� ��ပ�ဝထ�� �ပ�မ���သည��အတ�က� ���င�ငံ�ရ�၊ အမ����သ���ရ�တ���ထက� အ�ခ���သ� ��ပ�ဝထ��ပ��င��မ���တ�င� ပ��မ��အ��သ�သ����လ� ရ��တတ��ပန�သည�။ ထ�����က�င�� အမ����သ���ရ�လ�ပ�ငန��မ���က�� လ�ငယ�မ��� အ���လ���သ��� တတ�သည�� သ�ဘ�လည�� ရ���ပန�သည�။ ယခ�လ�� အ��ခအ�နမ����တ�င� ကရင�လ�ငယ�မ���က�� သ�န�သင�လမ���ပ၊ လက�တ���ခ� တတ�ရန�လ�� အပ�သည�။ လမ��ဖ�င�� �နရ��ပ�ရန� လ��သည�။

ကရင�လ�ငယ�မ���အ�န�ဖင��လည�� �မ��ရ�ပ� သမ��င���ပ�တ�ဝန�မ���ရ��သည�က�� သ�န��လည��ပ�� ���င�သည��ဘက�မ� လ�ပ��ဆ�င��ပ�ရန�လ��သည�။ ထ���အ�ပင� လ�ပ�ဂ� ��လ� တစ�ဦ�ဦ��သ��လည���က�င��၊ အသင��အဖ��� တခ�ခ�အတ�က� �သ��လည���က�င�� အသ�ံ�ခ�ခံမ�ဖစ��ရ�အတ�က� သတ��ပ�ဆင��ခင�ရမည��ဖစ�သည�။

ထ���အတ�က� ကရင�လ�ငယ�မ��� အ�န�ဖင�� က��ယ�ခံအ�� �က�င��ရန�လ���ပ�� အမ����သ���ရ� စ��ပမ���၊ အ�ထ��ထ� ဗဟ�သ� တရမည�� စ��ပမ���က�� ဖတ�မ�တ�က� �န�င�တခ���န�တ�င� အမ����သ���ရ�အတ�က� က��ရ�က�သည���နရ�မ� ဦ��ဆ�င�သ��� ���င��ရ�အတ�က� �ပင�ဆင�ရမည� �ဖစ�သည�။

ကရင��အမ����သ���ရ�တ�င� လ�ငယ��ခ�င���ဆ�င�မ��� �မ��ထ�တ��ရ�မ�� ��ပ�သ�လ�က� လ�ယ�သည��က�စ�မဟ�တ�ဟ� ဆ�����င� သည�။ သ����သ�� လက��တ��လ�ပ��ဆ�င�သ����ရ�သည�သ� အ�ရ��က��သည�။ ယခ���စ�ဆ��လ�င� အ�ထ��ထ� �ရ���က�က�ပ�� က�င��ပရန�ရ���ပ�� ကရင�လ�ငယ�မ���က�� မ�ဆ�ယ�စည����ံ��ရ�ထက� ဦ��ဆ�င�သည�� က��ဖစ��သ� အ�ရ��ခံသည�� အပ��င��တ�င�ပ� လက�တ���ခ��ကရန� ��ပ�လ��သည�။

Page 30 of 42

အလ��တ� �ကအ�န�ယ�- ကရင�အမ����သ��အစည��အ��ံ�၏ ၁၇ �က�မ���မ�က� က�န�ဂရက�လည�� ယခ���စ�တ�င� က�င��ပသ��� ဖ�ယ�ရ���ပ�� က�န�ဂရက�တ�င� �ခ�င���ဆ�င�မ����ရ��ခ�ယ�ရ�၌ လ�ငယ�မ���က��လည�� လက�တ���ခ�ယ� �နရ��ပ�က� �ခ�င���ဆ�င� မ� အ�တ��အ�က�ံမ��� ရ�င�သန��အ�င�လ�ပ��ဆ�င�သ��� �စလ��သည�။

အ��စ�ခ��ပ���ပ�လ��သည�မ�� ကရင��အန�ဂတ�သည� အန�ဂတ�တ�င� �ခ�င���ဆ�င�သ���မည�� ကရင�လ�ငယ�မ��� အ�ပ�တ�င�မ�တည��နသည��အတ�က� အမ����သ���ရ� နယ�ပယ�အသ��သ��တ�င� ကရင�လ�ငယ��ခ�င���ဆ�င�မ��� �ပ�ထ�က�လ��ရ� အ�လ��ပ�က� သင���တ��သည�� အစ�အမံမ���ခ�မ�တ�၍ လက��တ��လ�ပ��ဆ�င�သ���ရန� တ��က�တ�န��လ��သည�။

http://kicnews.org/2020/02/ကရင ��ငယ္ေခ�င္းေဆ�င�်/

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ရမ���ဗ��မ ���နယ� အန�အယ�လ�ဒ�အလ�ပ�မ��ဆ�င� ဦ��ဇယ��မင��က�� �အ�အ ဖမ��ဆ��

By ဝဏ�ခ����� | 9 February 2020

ရခ��င��ပည�နယ�၊ ရမ���ဗ��မ ���နယ� အမ����သ��ဒ�မ��က�ရစ�အဖ���ခ��ပ� (အန�အယ�လ�ဒ�) အလ�ပ�အမ��ဆ�င�အဖ���ဝင� ဘ���ရ�မ�� ဦ��ဇယ��မင��က�� �ဖ�ဖ��ဝ�ရ� ၈ ရက��န� ည ၆ န�ရ��လ�က�မ�� �အ�အအဖ���က ဖမ��ဆ���ခ��ဆ�င�သ���တယ�လ��� ရမ���ဗ� အန�အယ�လ�ဒ�က ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

ရမ���ဗ��မ ��နယ� အန�အယ�လ�ဒ� အလ�ပ�မ��ဆ�င� အတ�င��မ�� ဦ�ခင�ရ�က “အ�ဒ�မ�� �က��က��ဆ�က� ဆ��တ��ရ��န�� က�လ��ပ�န�� ဆ��တ��ရ���က��မ�� အဖမ��ခံရတ�။ သ�တ���ည�အစ�က�� ��စ��ယ�က�က အလ�ပ��ပ��လ��� ရန�က�န�-�က��က��ဖ� က��လမ��က�န ဆ��င�ကယ�န�� �ပန�လ�တ��အခ��န�မ�� �အ�အအဖ���က�န ဖမ��ဆ��သ���တ�ပ�။ လက�နက�က��င�ထ��တ�� လ� ၈ �ယ�က��န ဖမ��ဆ��သ���တ�ပ�။ သ�တ��� ၈ �ယ�က�လ�ံ�မ��လည�� ဆ��င�ကယ�န��၊ အစ�က���ဖစ�သ�က���တ�� မဖမ��ဘ��၊ လ�တ�လ��က�တယ�။ က���ဇယ��မင��က���တ�� ဖမ��ဆ��သ���တ�” လ��� ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

ဦ��ဇယ��မင��ဟ� က�လ��ပ�န���က��ရ��မ�� သစ�စက�လ�ပ�ငန�� လ�ပ�က��င��နသ�တ�ယ�က� �ဖစ��ပ�� �အ�အအဖ���က အခ�လ�� ဖမ��ဆ��သ���တ��အ�ပ� ရ�စခန��မ�� အမ�ဖ�င��လ�စ�မယ�လ��� ဦခင�ရ�က ဒ�ဗ��ဘ�က�� ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

“သ�တ���မ�� �သနတ�ပ�တယ��လ။ အ�ဒ���က�င�� က��န��တ���က �အ�အလ��� ��ပ�တ��ပ��။ က��န��တ���နယ�မ�� �အ�ခ�မ��တယ��လ။ �သနတ�က��င�တယ� ဆ��တ�လည�� �အ�အပ� က��င�မ���ပ��။ အခ� က��န��တ��� က���ဇယ��မင�� မ�န��မန�� ရမ���မ ���မရ�စခန�� �ရ�က��နတယ�။ အမ�ဖ�င��ဖ���ဆ���ပ���တ�� အခ��လ�တင�ပ� �ရ�က��န�ကပ�တယ�။ မ�န��မ�ဖစ�သ�က���တ�� ရ�စစ��ဆ�ခ�က� ယ��နပ�တယ�။”

မ�က�ခင��သ�ခင�က ရမ���ဗ��မ ���မ�� ���င�ငံ�တ��အတ��င�ပင�ခံပ�ဂ� ��လ� �ဒ��အ�င�ဆန��စ��ကည�အ�� �ထ�က�ခံပ�� လ�ပ��ဆ�င�ခ��တ���က�င�� ဦ��ဇယ��မင��က�� ဖမ��ဆ���ခ�သ���တယ�လ��� ယ�ဆ��က�င�� ဦ�ခင�ရ�က ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

ရမ���ဗ��မ ���နယ� အမ����သ��ဒ�မ��က�ရစ�အဖ���ခ��ပ� အလ�ပ�မ��ဆ�င�ဘ���ရ�မ�� ဦ��ဇယ��မင��က�� �အ�အအဖ���က�န ဖမ��ဆ���ခ��ဆ�င�သ���တ���နရ�ဟ� ရမ���ဗ��မ ���နယ�န�� ၁၀ မ��င��လ�က�သ� က���ဝ�တယ�လ��� သ�ရပ�တယ�။

အခ�က�စ�န��ပတ�သက�လ��� ရက� ��င��တပ��တ���အ�အ ��ပ��ရ�ဆ��ခ�င��ရ��သ� ခ��င�သ�ခက�� ဒ�ဗ��ဘ�က�� ဆက�သ�ယ��န�ပမယ�� ဆက�သ�ယ�လ��� မရ�သ�ပ�ဘ��။

http://burmese.dvb.no/archives/370794

Page 31 of 42

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ရမ���ဗ� NLD အဖ���ဝင�က�� မဖမ����က�င�� AA ��ပ�

�ဖ��ဖ�ခ��င� | 2020-02-09

အမ����သ��ဒ�မ��က�ရစ�အဖ���ခ��ပ�ရ�� ရခ��င��ပည�နယ� ရမ���ဗ��မ ���နယ� အလ�ပ�အမ��ဆ�င�တစ�ဦ��ဖစ�တ�� ဦ��ဇယ��မင��က�� ရက� ��င��တပ��တ�� AA က ဖမ��ဆ��သ���တယ�လ��� မ�သ��စ�ဝင��တ�န�� ပ�တ�တ�ဝန�ရ��သ��တ�က ��ပ�လ��က�ပ�တယ�။

ဖမ��ဆ��ခံခ��ရတ�� ဦ��ဇယ��မင��ဟ� ရမ���ဗ��မ ���နယ� �က��က��ဆ�က�ရ��ဇ�တ� �ဖစ��ပ�� သ��စ��က�ခင��က�� သ����ကည���ပ�� အ�ပန� က�လ��ပ�န��န�� �က��က��ဆ�က�ရ���က��မ�� ဖမ��ဆ��ခံခ��ရတ�လ��� ဇန�� မ�လတန���ပဆရ�မ �ဒ��မင���မင��သန�� က ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

ခင�ပ�န���ဖစ�သ� ဦ��ဇယ��မင�� အခ�လ�� ဖမ��ဆ��မခံရခင�တ�န��က NLD ပ�တ�က�န ထ�က�ဖ��� �ခ�မ����ခ�က�စ��တ� သ�ံ��က�မ�ခန�� �ရ�က�ရ��ခ��တယ�လ���လည�� �ဒ��မင���မင��သန��က ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

“က�န�မအမ����သ��က�� လ��င��ကဖ�တ��တ�ရ��တယ�။ စ�န���ခ�မ����ခ�က�တ��တ�ရ��တယ�။ မင��NLD ကထ�က��ပ��။ NLD မ��ဆက�မလ�ပ�န��။ ထမင���က�င���က�င�� မစ��ခ�င�ဘ��လ��။ အ�လ��မ���� လ��င��ကလ� အ�မ�ဖ�တယ�။ �ခ�မ����ခ�က� စ��တ� တစ�ခ���စ�ခ�ရ���ပ� ရ��က���ရ�က�တ�။”

ဒ�လ��ဖမ��ဆ��တ�ဟ� �ခ�မ����ခ�က�တ�လ��� အမ����သ��ဒ�မ��က�ရစ�အဖ���ခ��ပ� NLD ပ�တ� ��ပ��ရ�ဆ��ခ�င��ရ��သ� �ဒ�က�တ� မ������န��က ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

“ရ��တစ�ရ���ပ���လ။ အ�ဒ�မ�� သ��ရ�က��နတ�န��မ�� AA အဖ���ဝင� ရ�စ�ဦ�က�န�ပ���တ�� လ��ရ�က��ပ�� ဖမ��ဆ�� သ���တယ�လ��� က�န��တ��တ����လ��လ�ဆယ��တ�� သ�ရပ�တယ�။ ဒ��တ�ရ�� အဓ�ကအရင��ခံ �ပဿန�က�တ�� လက�နက�က��င�ပဋ�ပက�ပ�ပ�။ ���င�ငံ�ရ��ပဿန�က�� လက�နက�န�� ��ဖရ�င��မယ�ဆ��ရင� �န�က�ဒ�လ���ဖစ�ရပ�မ���� အ�မ�တမ���ဖစ��နအ�ံ�မ��ပ�။”

လက�နက�က��င�တပ�ဖ���ဝင�မဟ�တ�တ�� �ပည�သ��တ�၊ ဥပ�ဒန��အည� �ဆ�င�ရ�က��နတ�� ���င�ငံ�ရ�ပ�တ� အဖ���ဝင��တ�က�� ဖမ��ဆ��တ�ဟ� ���င�ငံ�ရ� ရည�ရ�ယ�ခ�က�အရ လ�ပ��ဆ�င�မ� မ����န�ပ�လ���လည�� သ�က AA အဖ���က�� �ဝဖန�လ��က�ပ�တယ�။

AA အဖ���က ဖမ��ဆ���ခ��ဆ�င�သ���တယ�ဆ��တ�� ��ပ�ဆ��ခ�က�န�� ပတ�သက�လ��� ရက� ��င��တပ��တ�� AA ��ပ�ခ�င��ရသ� ခ��င�သ�ခက�တ�� သ�တ���မဟ�တ���က�င�� �ငင��ဆ��ပ�တယ�။

“ဒ��ဖစ�စ��န��ပတ�သက��ပ�� က�န��တ��တ���ဌ�နခ��ပ�က�� ဘ�သတင��မ� �ရ�က�လ��တ��မရ���သ�ဘ��။ က�န��တ��တ��� လည�� �မ��ကည��တယ�။ က�န��တ��တ���လ��တ� လ�ပ�တ�မဟ�တ�ဘ��လ��� သ�ရတယ�။ အ�ဒ�မ�� ဘယ�သ��တ� ဖမ��သ���တယ�ဆ��တ�က���တ�� က�န��တ��တ���လည�� မသ�ဘ��။”

ခ��င�သ�ခ က လက�ရ�� AA အဖ��� ထ�န��သ�မ��ထ��တ��အထ�မ�� အရပ�သ���ပည�သ�တစ��ယ�က�မ� မရ��ဘ� စစ�ဘက�န�� သက�ဆ��င�သ��တ�သ�ရ���ပ�� အ�သ�စ�တ�က���တ�� လ�ံ�ခ�ံ�ရ�အရ ထ�တ��ဖ��မ��ပ����င���က�င�� RFA က�� ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

ဦ��ဇယ��မင��ရ�� ဇန���ဖစ�သ� �ဒ��မင���မင��သန��က�တ�� AA အဖ���က ဖမ��ဆ��တ�လ���သ� ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

“NLD ပ�တ�က သ�ယ�ံ�ကည�လ��� သ�လ�ပ�တ�ပ�။ AA က��တ��က�ခ��က�တ�လည�� မရ��ဘ��။ စစ�တပ�န�� �ပ�င���ပ���တ��လည�� အဆက�အသ�ယ�လည�� မလ�ပ�ဘ��။ သ��မ�� ဘ�မ�အ�ပစ�မရ��ဘ�န�� AA ကဘ���က�င��ဖမ��တ�လ�ဆ��တ� က�န�မက��ယ��

Page 32 of 42

တ��င��ရင��သ��အခ�င��ခ�င�� ဒ�လ��မလ�ပ�သင��ဘ��။”

ရမ���ဗ��မ ���နယ� ရ�စခန��မ�� ဒ�က�န�မနက�ပ��င��က အ�ကမ��ဖက�မ�ဥပ�ဒပ�ဒ�မန�� အမ�ဖ�င��ထ���ပ�� ရ�လ�ပ�ငန��စ���တ�က�� ဆက�လက��ဆ�င�ရ�က��နတယ�လ��� ရမ���ဗ��မ ���နယ� ရ�စခန�� တ�ဝန�ရ��သ�တစ�ဦ�က��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

ရခ��င��ပည�နယ� အမ����သ��လ�တ��တ��က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ� �ဒ�ထ��မ က အခ�လ���ဖစ�တ��အ�ပ� �ဒသခံ�တ�အတ�က� စ���ရ�မ�တယ�လ��� ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

ရခ��င��ဒသမ�� AA န�� တပ�မ�တ��ရ�� တ��က�ပ���တ� အခ���စ�ဆန��ပ��င��မ�� ထပ�မံ�ပင��ထန�လ��န�ပ�� အခ�လ�� ဖမ��ဆ��စစ��ဆ�မ��တ�က��လည�� ��စ�ဘက�စလ�ံ�က လ�ပ��န�ကတ�ပ�။

AA အဖ���ဟ� ခ�င���ပည�နယ� NLD ပ�တ� အမ����သ��လ�တ��တ�� က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ� ဦ��ဝ��တင��န�� NLD ပ�တ�ရ�� ဘ��သ���တ�င��မ ���နယ� ဥက�� ဦ�ရ�သ�န��တ���က�� �ပ��ခ��တ����စ�ထ�မ�� ဖမ��ဆ��ခ��ပ�တယ�။ ဦ�ရ�သ�န��က�တ�� ဖမ��ဆ��ခံထ��ခ��န�က�လအတ�င��မ��ပ� �သဆ�ံ�ခ���ပမယ�� ဦ��ဝ��တင��က���တ�� မ�က��သ�ခင�က �ပန�လ�တ��ပ�ခ��ပ�တယ�။

https://www.rfa.org/burmese/news/aa-arrested-nld-Executive-zayyarmin-in-ramree- 02092020052338.html

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ဦ��ဇယ��မင��က�� ဖမ��သ���သည�� လက�နက�က��င�အဖ���ကAA ဟ�တ�/မဟ�တ� စ�ံစမ���နသည�ဟ� NLD ��ပ�

By �က����ဝမင�� | 10 February 2020

ရန�က�န�၊�ဖ�ဖ��ဝ�ရ� ၁၀။ ။ ရခ��င��ပည�နယ�၊ ရမ���ဗ��မ ���နယ�မ� အမ����သ��ဒ�မ��က�ရစ�အဖ���ခ��ပ�(NLD)၏ ဘ��ရ�မ��တစ�ဦ� �ဖစ�သ� ဦ��ဇယ��မင�� �ပ��က� ဆ�ံ��န�ခင����င�� ပတ�သက��ပ�� AA အဖ��� ဖမ��ဆ��သ���သည�ဆ���သ� သတင��မ��� ထ�က��ပ�မ�အ�ပ� AA ဖမ��ဆ���ခင�� ဟ�တ�/ မဟ�တ� စ�ံစမ���နသည�ဟ� NLD ပ�တ�မ� ��ပ�ခ�င��ရပ�ဂ� ��လ� �ဒ�က�တ�မ������န��က ��ပ�သည�။

ရခ��င��ပည�နယ�၊ ရမ���ဗ��မ ���နယ�မ� NLD ပ�တ�၏ ဘ��ရ�မ�� တစ�ဦ��ဖစ�သ� ဦ��ဇယ��မင��က�� လက�နက�က��င� လ�တစ�စ�က �ဖ�ဖ��ဝ�ရ� ၉ ရက�က ဖမ��ဆ���ခ��ဆ�င�သ�����က�င�� �ဒသတ�င�� သတင��မ��� ထ�က��ပ��န�သ�� လည�� AA ဘက�မ� မ�မ�တ��� မဟ�တ���က�င�� �ငင��ဆ��ထ��မ�မ���ရ���နရ� NLD ပ�တ� အ�န�ဖင�� စ�ံစမ���န��က�င�� သ�ရသည�။

NLD မ� ��ပ�ခ�င��ရပ�ဂ� ��လ� �ဒ�က�တ�မ������န��က “က�န��တ��တ��� ဒ�က�� Confirm လ�ပ����င�ဖ��� �က ���စ���နပ�တယ�၊ �ဒသတ�င��က AA လ��� ��ပ�လ��� က�န��တ��တ��� အခ�က�အလက��တ�က�� အတည��ပ����င�ဖ��� �ဆ�င�ရ�က��နပ�တယ�။ အခ�နယ���မခံ ပ�တ�ဝင� �တ�ဆ� �ဒတ� လ�မ���တ�င��တ�မ�����တ� လ�ပ��နပ�တယ�”��ပ�သည�။

AA သတင����င���ပန��က���ရ�တ�ဝန�ခံ ဦ�ခ��င�သ�ခက လက�နက�က��င�အဖ���က ဖမ��သည�ဆ��တ��င�� AA က�� �မင��န�ခင��က မ�က�င����က�င��၊ ဦ��ဇယ��မင��က�� မ�မ�တ��� မဖမ����က�င�� ��ပ�သည�။

“ အ�ဒ�က�စ�က က�န��တ��တ���န��လည�� ဘ�မ� ပတ�သက�မ�မရ��ဘ��၊ လက�နက�က��င� အဖ���က ဖမ��သ���တယ� AA လ��� စ�ပ�စ��တ�� ဟ�က�တ�� လက�ခံ���င�စရ�မရ��ဘ��၊ ဘ���က�င��လည�� ဆ��လ���ရ��ရင� �မန�မ�စစ�တပ�က သ�တ���သည� ရခ��င��ပည� အ��ံမ�� လက�နက�က��င��ပ�� သ����နတ��ဟ��တ� ရ��တယ�၊ အထ��သ�ဖင�� တခ����ရ���တ�မ�� ဆ��လ���ရ��ရင�

Page 33 of 42

စစ�တပ�ဘက�က အရပ�သ�� ပ�ံစံမ���� သ���လ� လ�ပ�ရ���တ�ရ��တယ�၊�န�က�တစ�ခ� စ���စ��စရ�ကက��တ�� အခ�လက�ရ�� �ဖစ��နတ�� NLD အစ���ရန�� က�န��တ��တ��� ရခ��င�တပ��တ���က��မ�� တင��မ�မ��တ� ပ���ပ���တ�� အရ��န��မင��လ��အ�င� စစ�တပ� ဘက�က�န �ပ���တ�� လ�ပ��ဆ�င�တ�လည�� �ဖစ����င�တ�ပ�”ဟ� ၎င��က ��ပ�သည�။

တပ�မ�တ��သတင��မ�န��ပန��က���ရ�အဖ��� အတ�င���ရ�မ�� ဗ��လ�မ��ခ��ပ� �ဇ��မင��ထ�န��က�တ�� တရ��ဝင� ���င�ငံ�ရ�ပ�တ� တစ�ခ� က�� တပ�မ�တ��ဘက�က ဖမ��ဆ��စရ� အ��က�င��မရ����က�င��၊ AA အ�န�ဖင�� မည�သည�� အခ��န�ကမ� ဖမ��ဆ��သည�ဟ� ဝန�ခံဖ�� �ခင��မရ����က�င�� ��ပ�သည�။

“တပ�ဘက�က�တ�� ဖမ��စရ� အ��က�င��မရ��ပ�ဘ��ဗ��၊ တရ��ဝင� ���င�ငံ�ရ�ပ�တ�တစ�ခ�က�� တပ�ဘက�က�န�ပ�� ဖမ��ဆ��စရ� အ��က�င��လည�� မရ��ပ�ဘ��၊ က�န��တ��တ��� ရခ��င�နယ�ဘက�မ�� AA န�� ပတ�သက�တ��သ��တ� ဖမ��ဆ�� တ��တ�င� တရ��ဥပ�ဒန�� မည�ပ� ဖမ��ဆ��လ��� မရပ�ဘ��။ က�န��တ��တ��� ဖမ��ဆ��တ� စစ��ဆ�တ� ရ���က�င��ရ��မယ� တရ��ဥပ�ဒအရပ� က�န��တ��တ���က အမ�ဖ�င��ရတယ�၊ တရ����ံ� အပ���ံရတယ� ဒ��တ� ဆ�င�ရ�က�ရ တ��ဖစ�တယ� AA အ�နန��က ဘယ�တ�န��ကမ��� ဝန�ခံဖ��လည�� ဗ��၊ အရင� ဥပမ�တစ�ခ� ထင�ထင�ရ���ရ��� က�န��တ���ပရရင� Mytel က ဝန�ထမ����စ��ယ�က� ဖမ��သ���တယ� သ�တ��� ဖမ��ဆ�� တ� မဟ�တ�ပ�ဘ��ဆ���ပ�� �ငင��တယ�၊ �ပန�လ�တ��ပ�တ�� အခ�က��တ�� Mytel က တစ��ယ�က�က �ပန�လ�တ�လ�တ�ခ�င��ပ� က��တ�� ထ�တ��ပန�ခ�က��တ� ထ�က�လ�တယ� ဒ�မ�����ဖစ�စ���တ� အမ����က��ပ�ပ�”ဟ� ၎င��က ��ပ�သည�။

AA အဖ���သည� ၂၀၁၉ ခ���စ�၊ ���ဝင�ဘ� ၃ ရက�က NLD ပ�တ�မ� ခ�င���ပည�နယ�၊ ပလက�ဝ�မ ���နယ�မ� အမ����သ��လ�တ��တ�� က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ� ဦ��ဝ��တင��က�� ၂ လ�က��� ဖမ��ဆ��ထ�န��သ�မ��ခ���ပ���န�က� ၂၀၂၀ ခ���စ�၊ဇန�နဝ�ရ� ၂၁ ရက�တ�င� �ပန�လ�တ� �ပ�ခ��သည�။

ထ����န�က� ၂၀၁၉ ခ���စ�၊ ဒ�ဇင�ဘ� ၁၃ ရက�ကရခ��င��ပည�နယ�၊ ဘ��သ���တ�င��မ ���နယ�မ� NLD ပ�တ�ဥက�� ဦ�ရ�သ�န��က�� AA မ� ဖမ��ဆ��သ���ခ���ပ��ဒ�ဇင�ဘ� ၂၅ ရက�မ���တ�� ဖမ��ဆ��ထ�န��သ�မ��ခံထ�� ရ�သ�ဦ�ရ�သ�န���သ ဆ�ံ�သ��� ��က�င��၊ ထ��သ��� �သဆ�ံ��ခင��မ��တပ�မ�တ��မ� ပစ�ခတ�လ��က��သ�လက�နက��က��က��ရ�က� �ပ�က�က��မ�မ��ထ�မ�န��သဆ�ံ�သ����ခင�� �ဖစ� ��က�င�� AA ဘက�က ထ�တ��ပန�ခ��သည�။

တပ�မ�တ��ဘက�ကမ� ထ��စ�ပ�စ��ခ�က�က�� �ငင��ဆ��ထ���ပ�� AA ဖမ��ဆ�� ထ�န��သ�မ��မ�အတ�င��မ��ပ� �သဆ�ံ��ခင�� �ဖစ�သည�ဟ� �ပန�လည� တ�န���ပန� ��ပ�ထ��သည�။

���င�ငံ�ရ��လ�လ�သ�ံ�သပ�သ� ဦ��မ�င��မ�င�စ���က�တ�� လက�ရ�� အ�ဏ�ရပ�တ� NLD ��င�� ဆက�စပ�သ� တခ����က�� AA က ဖမ��ဆ��မ�မ��� ရ��လ��ခင����က�င�� �င�မ��ခ�မ���ရ� တည��ဆ�က��ရ� အ��ခအ�န �ဝ�က��သ������င���က�င��၊ ��စ�ဖက� တ�ဝန� ရ��သ�မ��� �တ��ဆ�ံ �ဆ������သင����က�င�� ဆ��သည�။

http://www.mizzimaburmese.com/article/66862

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ဘ��သ���တ�င�န�� ရ�သ��တ�င� တ��က�ပ���တ���က�င�� ဒ�က�သည� တစ��ထ�င��က��� တ���လ�

�ဝယံမ����မင�� | 2020-02-10

ဘ��သ���တ�င�န�� ရ�သ��တ�င��မ ���နယ��တ�မ�� �မန�မ��တပ�မ�တ��က �လ��က�င��တ��က�ခ��က�မ��တ�န�� လက�နက��က��ပစ�ခတ�မ��တ���က�င�� �က��ရ�� ၂၀ �က���က �ဒသခံ တစ��ထ�င��က���ဟ� �ဘ�လ�တ�ရ�က�� ထ�က���ပ��န�ကရတယ�လ��� ဘ��သ���တ�င��မ ���နယ� �သကံခ�ဆ�ံ �က��ရ��အ�ပ�ခ��ပ��ရ�မ�� ဦ�ည�ည�က ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

Page 34 of 42

ရခ��င��ပည�နယ� စစ��တ��မ ��� ကန��တ���က��ရပ�က�က� ဘ�န���က���က��င��က�� ထ�က���ပ��ရ�က�ရ��လ�သ��တ�က�� ၂၀၂၀၊ ဇန�နဝ�ရ� ၁၅ ရက��န�က �တ��ရစ�� ဓ�တ�ပ�ံ - မင��သ�န���အ�င�/ RFA

"အခ��ရ�က�တ� တစ��ထ�င�တစ�ရ��က���ရ��တယ�။ �ရ�က�တ� ၅ ရက��န�ထ�က �ရ�က�တ�၊ မ�န�က ၉ ရက��န�အထ��ပ��။ လ�မ�ဝန�ထမ��က လ� ၆၀၀ စ��ပ�တယ� �န�က�ထပ�တင�ထ��တ�ရ��တယ�၊ ၆၀၀ စ�က ရထ���ပ��သ����ပ�။ သ�တ���က�� ဘ�န���က���က��င��မ�� ထ��တယ�၊ ရ��ထ�မ��ထ��တယ�။ ဘ�န���က���က��င��မ�� မဆံ�တ�က�� အ�ဆ�င��တ� �ဆ�က��ပ�� တန��လ���ထ���ထ��တယ�။ "

စစ��ဘ�ဒ�က�သည��တ�အတ�က� တစ�ဦ�က�� တစ�လမ�� ဆန� သ�ံ��ပည�ခ����န�� လ�မ�ဝန�ထမ��ကယ�ဆယ��ရ�န�� �ပန�လည��နရ�ခ�ထ���ရ�ဝန��က��ဌ�နက �ပ��နပ�တယ�။

ဘ��သ���တ�င��မ ���က�� ထ�က���ပ�လ�တ�� စစ��ဘ�ဒ�က�သည��တ�အတ�က� ယ�ယ��နထ��င�ဖ����ဒသခံ�တ�က စ�စ���ပ��န�ပ�� တစ�သ�န�� ��စ��သ�င���လ�က�တန�ဖ���ရ��တ�� ယ�ယ�တ��တ� �ဆ�က�လ�ပ�ဖ��� အလ�ခံ�နပ�တယ�။

ထ�က���ပ�လ�တ�� ဒ�က�သည��တ�ဟ� ရ�သ��တ�င��မ ���နယ�က က�န��တန��၊ က�လ���ခ��င��၊ �ဇယ���မ ��င�၊ အ����ဖ�က�၊ သမ��လ� ရ��သစ�၊ သမ��လ� ရ���ဟ�င��၊ အ�န���ခ��င��စတ��ရ���တ��ဖစ��ပ�� ဘ��သ���တ�င��မ ���နယ�က �က��က��ပင�ဆ�ပ�၊ ဆ�တ�ခ�စတ���က��ရ���တ�က �ဖစ�ပ�တယ�။

�လ��က�င���ရ�၊ �ရ��က�င���တ�န��ပ� တပ�မ�တ��က ပစ�ခတ�မ��တ���က�င�� �ဒသခံ�တ�က ��က�က��ပ�� ထ�က���ပ�လ��ကတ�လ��� ဘ��သ���တ�င��မ ���နယ� �ပည�သ�� လ�တ��တ��က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ� ဦ��အ�င��သ�င���ရ�က ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

"မ��စ�ထ�က ထ�က���ပ��နတ� အ�ဒ�ဘက�မ�� ၁၀ ရ���လ�က�ရ��တယ�၊ �စတ��တ�င�မ��ရ��တယ�၊ ဘ��သ���တ�င�မ��ရ��တယ�။ တခ����က န��စပ�ရ� ဆင�ခ�ံ�တ��င�က��သ���တ�လည�� ရ��တယ�။ နယ���မရ�င��လင���ရ� လ�ပ�တယ�၊ လက�နက��က��က�ရင� ထ�က���ပ�လ��ကတယ�။ �န�က� �အ�ခ�မ���ပ�၊ လက�နက��က��န�� မပစ��တ��ဘ��ဆ��ရင� �ပန�သ����ကတယ� အ��လ��ပ�။ အခ�က�တ�� အင�တ�နက��တ� �ဖတ�လ��က��ပ���န�က� �လ��က�င���ရ� �ရ��က�င���ရ� အက�န�ပစ�လ��� ��က�က��ပ�� ထ�က���ပ�လ��ကတ�။"

�ဖ�ဖ��ဝ�ရ� ၃ ရက��န�က အင�တ�နက� �ဖတ��တ�က�လ��က��ပ���န�က�ပ��င�� ဘ��သ���တ�င�န�� ရ�သ��တ�င��မ ���နယ��တ�မ�� နယ���မရ�င��လင���ရ�ဆ���ပ�� ပစ�ခတ�မ��တ� �န�စ�� ရ���နတ�လ��� �ဒသခံ�တ� က ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

တ��က�ပ���ဖစ�ပ���တယ�ဆ��တ�ထက� မယ��မစ�ကမ���ဘ�က �က��ရ���တ�က�� AA �တ�ရ���န���င�တယ�ဆ��တ�� ယ�ဆခ�က�န�� တပ�မ�တ��က လက�နက��က���တ�န�� ပစ�ခတ��နတ�လ��� AA ��ပ�ခ�င��ရ ခ��င�သ�ခ က ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

"မယ��မစ� တစ��လ��က�မ��ရ��တ�� ဘ��သ���တ�င�န�� ရ�သ��တ�င�က ရ���တ�က�� လ��က�ဖ�က�ဆ���နတ�။ အဓ�က ဖ�က��လ�ဖ�က� စစ�ဆင��ရ��ပ��။ ရ��သ���တ�မရ��ရင�AA �တ�မ�န���င�ဘ���ပ��၊ ရ�က���တ� မရ�တ��ဘ���ပ��။ မည�င���တ�င�ဘက�မ��ဆ��ရင� စပ��ပ�ံ�တ�က�� ရ�တ��ပ��သ�� �ခ��လ���ပ��သ�� စပ��ပ�ံ�တ�က�� မ�����တ��တ�ရ��တယ�။ ရဟတ�ယ����တ��ပ�က ပစ�လ��� မ���လ�င�တ��တ�လည�� ရ��တယ�။ စစ�သ���တ�က စပ��ပ�ံ�တ�က�� မ��လ��က����တ��တ�လည�� ရ��တယ�။"

အ�ဒ��က��ရ���တ�မ�� AA �တ� ရ���နတ��အတ�က� နယ���မရ�င��လင���ရ� လ�ပ��ဆ�င��နတ�လ��� အမ�န�ပ�လ��� အ�န�က�ပ��င��တ��င��စစ�ဌ�နခ��ပ� တ��င��ဦ�စ�� ဗ��လ�မ���က�� ဝင���ဇ��ဦ�က RFA က����ပ�ပ�တယ�။

Page 35 of 42

"AA က��လက�ခံထ��ရင��တ�� တ��က�ပ��က�ဖစ�မ��ပ�၊ ဒ��န�မနက� ၁၀ န�ရ�ဝန��က�င��လ�က�မ�� ဘ��သ���တ�င�န�� ရ�သ��တ�င��မ ���နယ�အစပ��ပ��။ AA က အ��ဒ�မ�� က�င�လည� က�က�စ���ပ���တ�� မယ��မစ�ကမ��မ��သ����နတ�� �ရယ����တ�က�� ဟ��ဟ�လ�ပ� ဒ�ဟ�လ�ပ� လ�ပ��နလ��� နယ���မရ�င���နတ�။ "

ရခ��င��ပည�နယ� ��မ�က�ပ��င�� ရ�သ��တ�င�၊ ဘ��သ���တ�င�၊ �မ�င��တ�၊ ��မပ�ံန�� ခ�င���ပည�နယ� ပလက�ဝ�မ ���နယ��တ�မ�� �ပ��ခ��တ�� �ဖ�ဖ��ဝ�ရ�လ ၃ ရက��န�စ�ပ�� အစ���ရက အင�တ�နက�လ��င���တ�က�� �န�က�တစ��က�မ� �ဖတ��တ�က�ခ��ပ�တယ�။

အ�ဒ�လ�� အင�တ�နက�လ��င�� �ဖတ��တ�က�လ��က��ပ�� �န�က�တစ�ရက� �ဖ�ဖ��ဝ�ရ� ၄ ရက��န�က စတင��ပ�� တပ�မ�တ��ဘက�က �ကည��၊ �ရ၊ �လ တပ��တ�န�� နယ���မရ�င��လင���ရ��တ� လ�ပ��ဆ�င��နတ�လ��� �ဒသခံ�တ�န�� လ�တ��တ�� က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ��တ�က ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

တစ���စ��က��� �က��မင���န�ပ��ဖစ�တ�� တပ�မ�တ��န�� AA တ���ရ�� တ��က�ပ���တ���က�င�� ရခ��င��ပည�နယ�မ�� စစ��ဘ�ဒ�က�သည�တစ�သ�န�� ��ခ�က��ထ�င��က���ရ���န�ပ�လ��� ရခ��င��ပည�နယ� အ��ခစ��က� ရခ��င�တ��င��ရင��သ��မ������ယ�စ�မ��� အစည��အ��ံ� REC က �ပ��ခ��တ�� ဇန�နဝ�ရ�လက ထ�တ��ပန�ထ��ပ�တယ�။

https://www.rfa.org/burmese/news/rathedaung-refugees-flee-02102020012509.html

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ဘ��သ���တ�င�ပစ�ခတ�မ�မ�� ��ခ�က���စ�သမ�� က�ည�ထ�

သန��ဇင�ဦ� | 2020-02-08

ဘ��သ���တ�င��မ ���နယ�၊ ငလ�မ���ပင�အ�ပ�စ�ထ�က �င��တ�င�ရ��ထ�က�� မ�န�ည ၇ န�ရ��လ�က�က လက�နက��က�� လက�နက�ငယ��တ�န�� ပစ�ခတ�တ���က�င�� အသက� ��ခ�က���စ��က���အရ�ယ� မခ�မ���အ��ဖ ��� �သနတ�က�ည�ဆံ ထ�မ�န��ပ�� ဒဏ�ရ�ရသ���လ��� �စတ��ပင� တ��က�နယ��ဆ���ံက�� အ�ရ��ပ� ပ����ဆ�င�ထ��ရတယ�လ��� �င��တ�င�ရ��သ�� �မ�င�ဆန��ဝင��က RFA က����ပ�ပ�တယ�။

"ဇက�ရ��တယ�၊ �နဗ�ရ��တယ� �မစ�ထ�မ��၊ အ�ဇက��ပ�ကပစ�တ�၊ စစ��ဖစ�တ�လည�� မရ��ဘ��၊ အ�ပန�အလ�န� ပစ�တ�လည�� မရ��ဘ��၊ သက�သက�မ�� က�န��တ��တ���ရ��ဘက�က�� တည��တည���က��ပစ�တ�ပ�။ လက�နက��က���ရ� လက�နက�ငယ�ပ� အမ����က��ပ�၊ က�န��တ��တ���ရ��ကလည�� �တ���တ�င�ကလည�� ရ��တ�မဟ�တ�ဘ��၊ စစ�ပ�� တစ�ခ�မ�လည�� မ�ဖစ�ဖ���တ�� ဘယ�လ����ပ�ရမလ� ပ�န��ခ��ဖ����နရ�လည�� လ�ပ�လ���မ�ဖစ�ဘ���လ၊ မ�န��က�လ� �က��င��သ��လ�တစ��ယ�က��တ�� နည��နည��ဒဏ�ရ�ရသ���တယ�၊ မခ�မ���အ��ဖ ����ပ�င�က�� ထ�သ���တ�၊ �စတ��ပင��ဆ���ံ�ရ�က�သ���တယ�။"

က�န�ခ��တ�� ��စ�ရက��လ�က�က�တ�� သ�တ���ရ��အန�� တ�ခ���က��ရ���တ�မ�� တ��က�ပ���ဖစ�ပ���တ��တ� ရ��ခ���ပမယ�� မ�န�က လက�နက��က�� လက�နက�ငယ��တ�န�� �မစ�ထ�က�န တပ�မ�တ��က ပစ�ခတ�တ��အခ��န�မ�� အ�ပန�အလ�န� ပစ�ခတ�တ��တ� တ��က�ပ���ဖစ�တ��တ�မရ��ဘ��လ��� �မ�င�ဆန��ဝင��က ဆ��ပ�တယ�။

ဘ��သ���တ�င��မ ���နယ� �ပည�သ��လ�တ��တ�� က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ� ဦ��အ�င��သ�င���ရ�ကလည�� ဒ��ဖစ�စ��က�� �င��တ�င�ရ�� �ဒသခံက ဖ�န��ဆက���ပ�လ��� ဒဏ�ရ�ရတ�� က�လ�ငယ�က�� �စတ��ပင��ဆ���ံက�� ပ���ထ��တယ�ဆ��တ� သ�ထ���ပမယ�� အတ�အက��တ�� မသ�ဘ��လ��� ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

Page 36 of 42

ဒ��န� �န�လယ� ၁၁ န�ရ�ခန��မ��လည�� စစ��တ��မ ���အန��က �ရ�မင��ဂံ�က��ရ��န�� �က���တ�ရ���က��မ�� �ရ�မင��ဂံ ဘက�က�ပန�လ�တ�� တပ�မ�တ��ယ���တန�� မ��င��ခ�� တ��က�ခ��က�ခံခ��ရပ�တယ�။

မ��င��တစ�လ�ံ�သ�က���ပ�� ထ�ခ��က�မ�မရ����က�င��န�� �န�က�ထပ� မ��င����စ�လ�ံ�က���တ�� တပ�မ�တ��က ရ�င��လင�� သ�မ��ဆည�����င�တယ�ဆ��တ�� သတင���က��သ�ရ��က�င�� �က���တ�ရ�� အ�ပ�ခ��ပ��ရ�မ�� ဦ�ဝင��သ� RFA က����ပ�ပ�တယ�။

"�က��တ�က�တ�� �ရ�မင��ဂံက�ပန�အလ�မ�� အ�ယ���တန��က�� မ��င���ပ�က�တယ�ဆ���ပ���တ�� သတင���က��တယ�၊ ၁၁ န�ရ�ဝန��က�င��လ�က�က�ဖစ�တ�၊ ထ�ခ��က�မ��တ�� ဘ�မ�ရ��ဘ��လ����တ�� �က��တယ�၊ မ��င��တစ�လ�ံ�က�တ�� �ပ�က�တယ� က�န�တ��မ��င��ရ���တ�� ��စ�လ�ံ�ရသ���တယ�လ��� ��ပ�သံ�က��တယ�၊ အ�လ��ပ��က��တယ� က�န��တ��တ���လည�� အ�ဒ�အန��က�� သ���လ���ရတ�လည�� မဟ�တ�ဘ��၊ တ��က�ပ���တ�ဘ��တ��တ�� �ဖစ�တယ�မ�က��ဘ��။ "

ရ�သ��တ�င��မ ���နယ�၊ အင��မ���က��ရ��န�� �တ�င�ဦ��က��ရ��န��မ��လည�� ဒ�က�န� မနက�ပ��င��ကတည��က တ��က�ပ���တ��ဖစ��နတယ�လ��� သတင���တ�ထ�က��ပ��နပ�တယ�။

�ဖ�ဖ��ဝ�ရ� ၆ ရက��န�ညကလည�� ရခ��င��ပည�နယ� ရ�သ��တ�င��မ ���နယ� ��မ�က�ပ��င�� �ရပ�တ�န�� �ဆ�က�ခပ��က��ရ�� မ�� ရ��ထ�က��ပစ�ခတ�ခံရလ��� အမ����သမ�� သ�ံ��ယ�က� ထ�ခ��က�ဒဏ�ရ�ရသ���လ��� စစ��တ��ဆ���ံက�� ပ����ဆ�င� ထ��ရပ�တယ�။

ဒ�က�န� �ဖစ�ပ���တ�� တ��က�ပ��၊ ယ���တန�� မ��င��ခ��ခံရတ��အ��ခအ�နန�� မ�န�ညက �မယ��မစ�ထ�မ��ရ��တ�� တပ�မ�တ���ရရ�� ဇက��ပ�က ပစ�ခတ�တယ�ဆ��တ�� ��ပ�ဆ��မ��တ�အ�ပ� တပ�မ�တ��သတင��မ�န��ပန��က���ရ�အဖ��� အတ�င���ရ�မ�� ဗ��လ�မ��ခ��ပ� �ဇ��မင��ထ�န��န�� အ�န�က�ပ��င��တ��င�� စစ�ဌ�နခ��ပ� တ��င��ဦ�စ�� ဗ��လ�မ���က�� ဝင���ဇ��ဦ�တ���ဆ�က�� RFA က ဆက�သ�ယ��ပမယ�� ည�နပ��င��အထ� ဖ�န��လက�ခံ��ဖ�က���ခင�� မရ���သ�ပ�ဘ��။

ရက� ��င��တပ��တ�� AA ရ�� �ပန��က���ရ�တ�ဝန�ခံ ခ��င�သ�ခက�တ�� ပလက�ဝ�မ ���နယ� မ���ခ��င��တံတ��အန��မ��ရ��တ�� တပ�မ�တ��ရ�� လက�နက��က�� ပစ�က�တပ�စခန��န��န�� �က��က��တ���မ ���နယ�က ဝက�မက�ရ��အန��မ���တ�� မ�က�ခဏ တ��က�ပ���တ�ဆက��ဖစ��န�ပ�� ယ���တန��မ��င��ခ��ခံရတ��သတင��န�� ရ�သ��တ�င�က တ��က�ပ��သတင���တ� က�တ�� တက�မလ��သ���က�င��သ� �ပန�လည���ဖဆ��ပ�တယ�။

"ဘ��သ���တ�င��မ ���နယ�၊ ငလ�မ���ပင�ရ��ဘက�မ���တ�� က�န��တ��တ���န�� တ��က�ပ���ဖစ�တ��တ�� မရ��ဘ��ဗ�၊ �ရ�မင��ဂံဘက�မ�� မ��င��ဆ��တ��က�ခ��က�တယ�ဆ��တ�� သတင��က�တ�� က�န��တ��ဆ��တ�� ဘ�မ��ရ�က�လ�တ� မရ���သ�ဘ��ဗ�၊ ရ�သ��တ�င��မ ���နယ� �တ�င�ဦ�ဘက� တ��က�ပ���ဖစ�တယ�ဆ��တ��သတင��လည�� က�န��တ��ဆ�က�� ဘ�မ��ရ�က�လ�တ� မရ���သ�ဘ��ဗ�။"

ရခ��င��ပည�နယ���မ�က�ပ��င�� ရ�သ��တ�င�၊ ဘ��သ���တ�င�၊ �မ�င��တ�၊ ��မပ�ံန�� ခ�င���ပည�နယ� ပလက�ဝ�မ ���နယ��တ�မ�� �ပ��ခ��တ�� ဇန�နဝ�ရ�လ ၃ ရက��န�စလ��� အစ���ရက မ��ဘ��င��အင�တ�နက�လ��င���တ�က�� �ဖတ��တ�က�ခ���ပ���န�က� ဆက�တ��က�သလ�� တ��က�ပ���တ�လည�� �ပင��ထန�လ��နပ�တယ�။

�ပ��ခ��တ�� ၂၀၁၉ ခ���စ�အတ�င��မ��ဆ��ရင� အရပ�သ�� ထ�ခ��က�ဒဏ�ရ�ရမ�ဟ� လ��ပ�င�� ၂၅၀ �က���အထ�ရ��ခ��တယ�လ��� စစ��တ��မ ���အ��ခစ��က� ရခ��င�တ��င��ရင��သ��မ������ယ�မ��� အစည��အ��ံ� (REC) က ထ�တ��ပန�ထ��ပ�တယ�။

အခ���စ�ဆန��ပ��င�� ဒ���စ�လတ� က�လအတ�င��မ��လည�� အရပ�သ��ထ�ခ��က�မ�ဟ� လ��ပ�င�� ၃၀ ထက�မနည�� ရ���နတယ�လ��� �ဒသခံ�တ�က ��ပ�ဆ���န�ကပ�တယ�။

https://www.rfa.org/burmese/news/buthedaung-sittwe-attack-02082020055535.html

Page 37 of 42

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ပလက�ဝ၊ �က��က��တ�� တ��က�ပ���ပင��ထန�

10 �ဖ�ဖ��ဝ�ရ�၊ 2020 | ���င�က�န��အ�န�

�မန�မ�စစ�တပ�န��ရခ��င�လက�နက�က��င�AAအဖ���တ���အ�က�� ခ�င���ပည�နယ�၊ ပလက�ဝ�မ ���နယ�န�� ရခ��င��ပည�နယ� �က��က� �တ��၊ မင���ပ���မ ���နယ�ဘက�မ�� ဒ�က�န�န��မ�န�တ�န��က တ��က�ပ���ပင���ပင�� ထန�ထန��ဖစ�ပ����နတ�ပ�။ ဒ�လ��စစ��ရ�တင��မ�မ� �ဖစ�စ��အတ�င�� အရပ�သ�� ဒဏ�ရ�ရရ��မ��တ� ရ���န သလ�� �ဒသတ�င�� စစ��ရ��င��တ� လည�� တ���လ��နပ�တယ�။ ဗ��အ���အ�မန�မ�ပ��င��သတင���ထ�က� ���င�က�န��အ�န�က�န သတင���ပ�ပ���ထ��ပ�တယ�။

ခ�င���ပည�နယ�အစပ� ပလက�ဝ�မ ���နယ�န�� ရခ��င��ပည�နယ��က��က��တ�� မင���ပ���မ ���နယ�ဘက�မ�� ဒ�က�န�န��မ�န� တ�န��က �မန�မ�စစ�တပ�န�� AAရခ��င�လက�နက�က��င�အဖ���တ���တ��က�ပ���ပင��ထန�ခ��တယ�လ��� AA��ပ�ခ�င��ရခ��င�သ�ခက ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

“ဒ��န� �ဖ�ဖ�ဝ�ရ�လ(၁၀)ရက��န�မ�� ပလက�ဝ�မ ���နယ�မ���ခ��င��တံတ��ထ�ပ�မ��ရ��တ�� လက�နက��က�� စခန��မ��လ� (၅)ရက���မ�က��န�အ�ဖစ� တ��က�ပ���တ�က�တ�� ��စ�ဖက� အ�ပန�အလ�န� ပစ�ခတ�မ��တ� ဆက��ပ���တ��ရ���နတ��ပ��။ (၉)ရက��န�မနက�(၁၂)�က���က�န�ပ���တ�� မနက�(၃)န�ရ�အထ��ပ�� အ�ဒ�မ�� ဂ�က��လယ���(၂)စ��န�� လ��ပ���တ�� အ�ပင��အထန�ထ���စစ�ဆင�တ��က�ခ��က�ခ��တ�ရ��တယ�။ မ�န�က စတ�တ���မ�က��န�မ��လ�ဘ� တ�န�လ�ံ�န��ပ�� ��စ�ဘက� အ�ပန�အလ�န�ထ���စစ��တ�ကရ���နခ��တ��ပ��။

မ�န�က�က��က��တ���မ ���နယ� တင��မရ��အန��မ��လ�ဘ� က�န��တ��တ���ရ�� တပ�ဖ����တ�က�� �မန�မ�စစ�တပ� ဘက�က�န�ပ���တ�� မနက�(၁၁)န�ရ�(၄၅)မ�နစ�က�န �န�လယ�(၁၂)န�ရ�(၅)မ�နစ� အထ��ပ���န��အ�ဒ�မ�� တ�က�မ� ရဟတ�ယ���န��လ�ပစ�တ�ရ��တယ�။ ရဟတ�ယ���(၂)စ��န��။ �မန�မ� �ရတပ�စစ�သ�ဘ�� (၂)စ���ပ���န��။ အ�ဒ��ရယ���(၂)စ���ပ�က�န လက�နက��က��ပစ�က��တ�န��လ��ပ���တ��ပစ�ခတ�တ��က�ခ��က� ခ��တ�ရ�� တယ�။ က�လ��တန��မစ�တ�င��ထ�က�န�ပ���တ��။ အ�ဒ��ရတပ�စစ� သ�ဘ���တ�က�� က�န��တ��တ���ဘက�ကလ� �ရ��ကက� �တ�န���န�ပ���တ�� �ပန�လ�န�ပစ�ခတ�မ��တ��တ��ရ��တယ�ဗ�။

�န�က�တ�နရ�က�တ�� မင���ပ���မ ���နယ�သလ��ခ��င��ရ��အန��မ��ရ��တ�� က�န��တ��တ���ရ��တပ�ဖ����တ�က�� �မန�မ�စစ� တပ�ဘက�က အင�အ��အလ�ံ�အရင��န�� ၀င��ရ�က�တ��က�ခ��က�လ�တ��အတ�က���က�င��မ���လ��� တ��က�ပ���ဖစ�တ�ရ��တယ�။ အ�ဒ�မ��ရန�သ�ဘက�ကထ�ခ��က�က�ဆ�ံ�မ��တ��တ��ရ��တယ�။ အ�ဒ�မ�� က�န��တ��တ���ဘက�ကလ�ဘ� ဒဏ�ရ�ရသ�တခ���� ရ��တယ�။”

အ�န�က�ပ��င�� တ��င��စစ�ဌ�နခ��ပ� တပ�မ�တ����ပ�ခ�င��ရ ဗ��လ�မ���က��ဝင���ဇ��ဦ�က�တ�� ပလက�ဝန�� �က��က��တ�� �မ ���နယ�ဘက�မ�� တ��က�ပ���ဖစ�ပ�����က�င�� ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

“တ��က�ပ��က�တ��ဆက��ပ���ဖစ��နတ��ပ��။ မ��ဝစခန��က�� လ��ပ���တ�� ပစ�တ��အတ�က���က�င��မ���လ��� �ပန��ပ���တ�� ပစ�ခတ�မ��တ��တ��ရ��တယ�။ �န�က�ဆ�ံ�ဆ���တ�� သ�ပစ�က��ယ�ပစ� ခ��နတ�န���ဖစ�တယ�။ ”

ရခ��င��ပည�နယ��က��က��တ���မ ���နယ�အတ�င�� ဒ��န�မနက�က�လ��တန��မစ�ဘက�က�နပစ�ခတ�မ���က�င�� �မ��က� �တ�င��က��ရ��က အမ����သမ��တဦ� အန��န��ရ���တ��ဖစ�တ�� �တ�င��ဘ�ရ��သစ�က မ�တ�ဆလင�က�လ�ငယ�(၃)ဦ� ဒ���ဖ�ရ��က ရ��သ��တဦ�စ�စ��ပ�င��(၅)ဦ� ထ�ခ��က�ဒဏ�ရ�ရ ရ��ခ��တယ�လ��� �မ��က��တ�င� �က��ရ��အ�ပ�ခ��ပ��ရ�မ�� ဦ��အ�င�လ�စ�န� က��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

“မနက�(၄)န�ရ��လ�က�ကတ�က�မ� က�န��တ��တ���ရ��ဘက�က���န�ပ��ပစ�တယ�။ က�န��တ��တ��� က�လ��တန��မစ�ထ��လ။ �က��က��တ��ကတက�လ�တယ�။ တက�လ��ပ���တ�� က�န��တ��တ���ရ��ထ�က�� ရ�ယ��ပ��

Page 38 of 42

ပစ�တယ�။ အ�တ�မနက�(၁၀) န�ရ��လ�က�က�ပန�ဆင��လ�တယ�။ �ပန�ဆင��လ� �ပ���တ��က�န��တ��တ���ရ��ထ�ပ��ပ�က�က�� �စတ�ရ��တ���နရ�။ အ�ဒ� �နရ�ဘက�က��လ�ပစ�တယ�။ က�လ�မတ�ယ�က�ဒ�။ ဒဏ�ရ�က�တ��အ�မ�မ���ပ��။ တ��င�မ��လက�နက��က��က�ည�ထ��ပ�� �တ�� အစပ�င��တ�။ အ�ဒ�က�လ�မ�လ�ကအ�မ��အ�က�မ��။ အ�မ�မ���ပ�က��ပ�� က�လ�တ�။ အခ��ဆ���ံက��ပ���သ��� တယ�ခင�ဗ�� အခ�။ �က��က��တ���ဆ���ံမ��ခင�ဗ�။ ဒ���ဖ�ရ��မ��က ဒ�လ�န�က�တ��တ�ယ�က�ဘ� က�တယ�ဗ�။ ဒ�အဖ����က�� ဒဏ�ရ��တ��သ�ပ�မ�ပင��ဘ��။ �တ�င��ဘ��က��ရ��သစ�လ����ခ�တယ�။ က�န��တ��တ���ရ��န�� �တ�င��ဘ�န�� တဘက�တကမ��။ ဒ�ထ�မ��တ�ခ�က�ပစ�တယ�။ မ�တ�ဆလင�(၃) �ယ�က� �န�လယ�ပ��င��က �က��က��တ�� ဆင��သ���တယ�။ တ�ယ�က��တ���သမ��။ အ�တ�လ��တ�င��ဘ� အ�ပ�စ�ထ�မ��ပ�။ မ�တ�ဆလင��တ�။ စ�စ��ပ�င��ဆ��ရင� (၅)�ယ�က�။ �မ��က��တ�င�တ�ယ�က�။ ဒ���ဖ�တ�ယ�က�။ အ�ဒ�မ�ဆလင�ရ��(၃)�ယ�က�။ တ��က�ပ���တ���ဖစ� တယ� လ���မ�က��လ��က�ဘ��။ ဘယ�လ��ဆ���ပ�� ပစ�တ�လ��တ�� က�န��တ��လ�မသ�ဘ��။ ”

�မ��က��တ�င�ရ��ရ��တဘက�ကမ���တ�င��ဘ�ရ��သစ�ထ� ဒ�မနက�ပ��င�� လက�နက��က�� က��ရ�က� �ပ�က�က�� တ�မ�� အသက�(၁၅)��စ��အ�က�မ�ဆလင�က�လ�(၃)ဦ�ထ�ခ��က�ဒဏ�ရ�ရသ���သလ�� တဦ�က�တ�� အသက�အ� �ရ�ယ� စ���ရ�မ�ရတ��အ��ခအ�နမ��ရ���နပ�တယ�။

�ဒသခံ�တ�က�တ�� တ��က�ပ��မရ��ဘ� တပ�မ�တ���ရတပ�က ပစ�ခတ��နတယ�လ�����ပ�ဆ���နသလ�� အ�န�က�ပ��င�� တ��င��စစ�ဌ�နခ��ပ� တပ�မ�တ����ပ�ခ�င��ရ ဗ��လ�မ���က��ဝင���ဇ��ဦ�က�တ�� က�လ��တန��မစ���က�င�� တ�လ��က� တ��က�ပ���ဖစ��နတယ�လ�����ပ�ပ�တယ�။

“အ�ဒ�ဘက�မ��လ�တ��က�ပ���တ���ဖစ��နတ�ရ��တယ�။ က�န�တ� ဒဏ�ရ� မ�န�တ�ထ�တ�က���တ�� က�န��တ���တ�� မ�က�� မ�ဘ��။ အ�ဒ�က�လ��တန��မစ���က�င��တ�လ��က�မ�� တ��က�ပ���ဖစ��နတ� မ�န�တယ�။ ဒ�ဘ���ပ�လ���ရတယ�။ ”

ဒ�ရက�ပ��င��အတ�င��ရ�သ��တ�င��မ ���နယ�ထ�မ�� ပစ�ခတ�မ��တ���က�င�� ရ���ပ�င��(၂၀)က ရ��သ��ဦ��ရ (၂၀၀၀)ခန�� ဟ� ဘ��သ���တ�င��မ�ိ��နယ� �သကန�ခ�ဆ�ံရ��ဘက�က�� စစ��ဘ�တ�မ���ရ��င��နရတယ�လ��� ခ�ဆ�ံရ�� လ�မ�က�ည��ရ� အဖ���ဝင� မခင��စ��အ�က��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

“ဟ�တ� အခ��တ���တ��မ����ရ�က��နပ�တယ�။ လက�နက��က��သ�ပ��ပ��ပစ�တယ�။ ��က�က��ကတယ�။ ရ�သ��တ�င� နယ� အ�န���ခ��င�� သမ��လ� ရက�ခ�န��တ��င� အ����ဖ�က� �ဇယ���မ ��င� အခ�(၂၀၀၀)�က���လ�����ပ�တယ�။ အတ�အက� �တ��မသ��သ�ဘ��။ ခန��မ�န����ခ (၂၀၀၀)�က����လ�က�ရ��မယ�ထင�တယ�။ �ဆ�မ����ရ��တ��သ�ကရ��ထ�မ���နတယ�။ �ဆ�မ����မရ��တ��သ�က ဘ�န���က���က��င��မ�� �နတယ�။ အစ���သ�က��တ�က ရ��ထ�က လ��တ� အက�ည��ပ�တယ�။ ”

ရ�သ��တ�င��မ ���နယ�ဘက�မ�� ဒ�လဆန��ကစ�ပ�� �မန�မ�စစ�တပ�န��ရခ��င�လက�နက�က��င�AAအဖ���တ��� တ��က�ပ���ပင�� ထန�လ�တ���က�င�� ခ�ဆ�ံရ��အ�ပင� ရ�သ��တ�င��မ ����ပ�န���စတ��ပင� �က��ရ��ဘက�က�� စစ��ရ��င�အမ���အ�ပ�� �ရ�က�ရ���နပ�တယ�။

�မန�မ�စစ�တပ�န�� ရခ��င�လက�နက�က��င�AAတ���တ��စ�တ�တ��က�ပ���ဖစ�စ��အတ�င�� စစ��ရ��င�ဦ��ရ (၁၀၆၀၀၀)�က��� တ���ပ���လ��န�ပ���ဖစ�ပ�တယ�။

https://burmese.voanews.com/a/intense-fighting-in-rakhine-/5281625.html

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�က��က��ဖ� မ�တ�စလင� ဒ�က�သည��တ� �မ ���ထ��ပန��ရ� ည����င���န

2020-02-08

ရခ��င��ပည�နယ� �က��က��ဖ��မ ���နယ�က �က��က�တစ�လ�ံ� ဒ�က�သည�စခန��မ�� �နထ��င�သ��တ�က�� �ပန�လည� �နရ�ခ�ထ���ပ�ဖ��� ကယ�ဆယ��ရ�န�� �ပန�လည��နရ�ခ�ထ���ရ� ဝန��က��ဌ�နက �ဖ�ဖ��ဝ�ရ� ၃ ရက��န�က သ����ရ�က�ည����င��ခ��ပ�တယ�။

Page 39 of 42

၂၀၁၂ ခ���စ�မ���ဖစ�ပ���ခ��တ�� ဘ�သ��ရ� ပဋ�ပက���က�င�� �က��က�တစ�လ�ံ�ဒ�က�သည�စခန��က�� ဖ�င��လ�စ�ခ��တ��ဖစ��ပ�� မ�တ�စလင� အ�မ��ထ�င�စ� ၃၆၀ �က��� လ�ဦ��ရ တစ��ထ�င��က���ရ��ပ�တယ�။

သ�တ���က�� �က��က��ဖ��မ ���ထ�မ�� �ပန�လည��နရ�ခ�ထ��ဖ��� စ�စ���န�ကတ��ဖစ�ပ�တယ�။

�က��က�တစ�လ�ံ�ဒ�က�သည�စခန�� စ�မံခန��ခ���ရ��က��မတ� ဥက�� က���ဖ��ခ�က သ�တ���မ�� မ�လ�နထ��င�ခ��တ�� အ�မ�ပ��င� �နရ��တ� ရ��ခ��တ��အတ�က� မ�လ�နရ�မ�� �ပန�လည��နထ��င�ဖ����တ�င��ဆ��ထ��တယ�လ��� ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

"က��ယ�တ���က���ပန�လည��နရ�ခ�မယ�ဆ��ရင� က��ယ�တ���မ�� �မ ����ပ�ရပ�က�က�မ�� �အ��ရဂ�င�နယ� အ�မ�ရ��တယ� အ���အ�မ�ရ��တယ�။ တခ����က �ရ�င��ခ�ထ��တယ� သ�တ���က�� �ပန�လည��နရ�ခ�ထ���ပ�မယ�ဆ��ရင� �မ ����ပ�ရပ�က�က� မ�� �နရ�ခ�ထ���ပ�ရမယ� အ�မ�ရ��တ��သ��တ�က�� သ�တ���အ�မ��ပန��ပ�ရမယ� အ�လ���တ�င��ဆ��ထ��တယ�။"

�က��က�တစ�လ�ံ�ဒ�က�သည�စခန��မ�� �နထ��င�သ��တ�ဟ� �က��က��ဖ� �မ ����ပ�ရပ�က�က� �ဖစ�တ�� အရ�ရ��ရပ�က�က�၊ ပ��က�သည�ရပ�က�က�၊ သမ��န��ခ��င��ရပ�က�က�န�� �ပင��ဖ��မ��ရပ�က�က��တ�မ�� မ�လက �နထ��င�ခ���ကသ��တ��ဖစ�ပ�တယ�။

�က��က��ဖ��မ ��� �ဒသခံတစ�ဦ��ဖစ�သ� ဦ�ထ�န���ကည�က �မ ���ထ�ကသ��တ�က မ�တ�စလင��တ�က�� မ�လ�နရ��တ�မ�� �ပန�လည��နရ�ခ�ထ��မ��က�� လက�မခံ�ကဘ��လ��� ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

"တခ���� က�မ ���ထ�က�� �ပန�သ�င��ဖ���ဆ��တ�က�� လက�မခံဘ��။ သ�တ���က�� အ��နရ�မ��ပ�ထ��ဖ��� ��ပ�တယ�။ အစ���ရ က�တ�� စ�မံက�န���တ�ခ��ပ�� IDP ကန���တ� ဖ�က�သ�မ��ဖ���လ�ပ��နတ��အခ� သ�တ���က�� ထ��ဖ��� �န�က�တစ��နရ� အ�ဒ�န��မ��ပ� ထ��ဖ��� စ���စ��ထ��တ�ရ��တယ�လ����က��တယ�။ အ�ဒ�လ��က��တ��လည�� နယ�ဘက�ကလ��တ�က လက�မခံဘ�� နယ�ဘက�ဆ��တ�� အ�ဒ�န��ကလ��တ� သ�တ���ကလည�� လက�မခံ�ကဘ��။ "

�က��က��ဖ��မ ���ထ�မ�� �ပန�လည��နရ�ခ�ထ���ပ�ဖ��� စ�စ���နတ�က�� �ဒသခံ�တ�က လက�မခံ��က�င�� ��ပ�ဆ��ခ�က��တ�န�� ပတ�သက��ပ�� ရခ��င��ပည�နယ� အစ���ရအဖ���န�� လ�မ�ဝန�ထမ��ကယ�ဆယ��ရ�န�� �ပန�လည��နရ� ခ�ထ���ရ�ဝန��က��ဌ�န �ပည��ထ�င�စ�ဝန��က�� �ဒ�က�တ� ဝင���မတ��အ� တ���က�� RFA �မ��မန��ဖ����က ���စ��ခ���ပမယ�� ဆက�သ�ယ�လ��� မရခ��ပ�ဘ��။

လက�တ�လ�အ��ခအ�နအရ ဒ�က�သည�စခန��ကသ��တ�က�� �နရ��ပန�လည�ခ�ထ���ပ����င��ရ�အတ�က� ��စ�ဘက�အသ��င��အဝ��င��က�� ည����င���နဆ��ဖစ��ပ�� �က��က�တစ�လ�ံ� ဒ�က�သည�စခန��က�� ခ�က�ခ�င����ပ�င���ရ��ဖ��� မဟ�တ�ဘ� စခန��မ���နထ��င�သ��တ�ရ�� အသံ�တ�က�� န���ထ�င�တ��ဖစ�တယ�လ��� အစ���ရအဖ���က ��ပ��က�� ထ��ပ�တယ�။

ဒ�က�သည��တ�က သ�တ���မ�လ�နရ�က�� �ပန��တ�င��ဆ��ထ��တယ�လ��� �က��သ�ရ�ပ�� မ�ရင���နထ��င�သ��တ�က လက�မခံတ��အခ� �ပဿန�က�� ပ��ဆ����စမယ�လ��� �မင���က�င�� �က��က��ဖ��မ ���နယ� �ပည�နယ�လ�တ��တ�� က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ� ဦ��က���လ�င�က ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

"မ�တ�စလင��တ� �က��က��ဖ��မ ���အတ�င�� သ�တ����နခ��တ���နရ��တ�မ�� �ပန��နခ�င�တယ�ဆ���ပ�� �တ�င��တ� �က��တယ�။ ဒ��ပမ�� လက�ရ��မ�� အ�လ���ဖစ�လ�ရင� �ဒသခံက လက�ခံ���င�မခံ���င�ဆ��တ�လည�� ရ���သ�တယ�။ သ�တ���လက�မခံရင� တစ�ခ�ခ�ဆ�� ပဋ�ပက�က�� ပ���က���အ�င� လ�ပ�တယ�လ��� �မင�တယ�။ လ�တ��တ��က��ယ�စ��လ�ယ� တစ��ယ�က�ရ�� အ�မင�ပ�။"

မ�တ�စလင� ဒ�က�သည�စခန���တ� ပ�တ�သ�မ��ဖ��� ည����င���နတ�ဟ� လ�မ�ဝန�ထမ��ကယ�ဆယ��ရ�န�� �ပန�လည� �နရ�ခ�ထ���ရ� ဝန��က��ဌ�နရ�� �ပည�တ�င���နရပ�စ�န��ခ��သ�မ��� �ပန�လည��နရ�ခ�ထ���ရ���င�� ယ�ယ�ခ��လ�ံရ� စခန���တ� ပ�တ�သ�မ���ရ�ဆ��င�ရ� အမ����သ��အဆင�� မဟ�ဗ��ဟ� စ�မံခ�က�အရ ၂၀၁၈ ခ���စ�ထ�က စတင� �ဆ�င�ရ�က��နတ� �ဖစ�ပ�တယ�။

Page 40 of 42

�က��က�တစ�လ�ံ�စခန��က လ��တ�က�� လက�ရ��စခန��ရ�� ��စ�ဖ�လ�ံ အက���လ�က�က �နရ�က�� �ပန�လည��နရ�ခ�ထ��ဖ��� လ��ထ��ခ�က�ရ��တယ�လ��� �က��က��ဖ��မ ���နယ� အ�ထ��ထ�အ�ပ�ခ��ပ��ရ�မ�� ဦ�စ���မ����က���က ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

လ��ထ��တ�က �မ ���ထ�မ���တ��မဟ�တ�ဘ�� အ�ဒ��နရ�န�� ��စ�ဖ�လ�ံအက��မ��ပ�။

"လ�ကယ��ပန�ဝန��က��ဌ�နက မဟ�ဗ��ဟ� ဆ��ထ��တ� ရ��တယ��လ။ �ပည�တ�င���နရပ�စ�န��ခ��သ�မ��� �ပန�လည� �နရ�ခ�ထ���ရ�ဆ���ပ�� ဘယ��နရ�မ��ဆ��တ� လ��ထ��ခ�က�ပ� ရ��ပ�တယ�။ �နရ�ခ�ထ���ပ�တ��တ�� မဟ�ဗ��ဟ�စ�မံခ�က� အတ��င��ပ�။ လ��ထ��တ�က �မ ���ထ�မ���တ��မဟ�တ�ဘ�� အ�ဒ��နရ�န�� ��စ�ဖ�လ�ံအက��မ��ပ�။ အ�မ��ထ�င�စ� ၃၆၃ လ�ဦ��ရ ၁၀၁၀ ပ�။"

ဒ�က�သည�စခန���တ� ပ�တ�သ�မ��ဖ���ဆ��တ� က��ဖ�အ�နန��က��မရ�င�ရ�� အ�ကံ�ပ�ခ�က��တ�ထ�မ�� တစ�ခ�အပ� အဝင��ဖစ��ပ�� ICJ ရ�� �က���ဖတ� အမ�န���လ�ခ�က�ထ�မ��လည�� ���ဟင�ဂ��မ�တ�စလင��တ�က�� အသ�အမ�တ��ပ�ဖ���န�� လ�တ�လပ�စ��သ���လ�ခ�င���ပ�ဖ���ဆ��တ� အခ�က�တစ�ခ�က�အ�နန�� ပ�ရ��ပ�တယ�။

က��ဖ�အ�နန��က��မရ�င�ရ�� အ�ကံ�ပ�ခ�က�ထ�မ�� စခန���တ� ပ�တ�သ�မ���ပ�� �နရပ��ပန�ဖ���ဆ��တ�ပ�ဝင��ပ�� စခန��တစ�ခ� ပ�တ��ပ�� �န�က�စခန��တစ�ခ�က�� ��ပ�င���ရ��ဖ���ဆ��တ�မ����မဟ�တ�ဘ��လ��� က��ဖ�အ�နန� �က��မရ�င� အဖ���ဝင��ဟ�င�� ဦ��အ�လ�င�က ��ပ�ပ�တယ�။

"အ�ကံ�ပ�ထ��တ�က သ�တ����နရပ��ပန�ဖ���ပ� စခန���တ�သ�မ���ပ�� �န�က�စခန��တစ�ခ���ပ�င��ဖ��� အ�ကံ�ပ�ထ��တ��အထ�မ�� မရ��ပ�ဘ��။ လ��အဖ���အစည�� ��စ�ခ� သဟဇ�တ �ဖစ��ရ�ဆ��တ� လ�ပ�ယ�ရမယ�၊ �ဆ������ရမယ�။ စ���ရ�မ�စ�တ�ရ��သ��တ�က��လည�� သဟဇ�တရ���ရ� �တ��ဆ�ံ ည����င��ရမယ�၊ �ဆ������ရမယ�။ ထ��တ��မ�မ���လ�ရင� အရင�ကလည�� တ�တ��နခ��တ�ပ� က��ယ�အ�မ�က��ယ��ယ�က�� �ပန�ဖ���ဆ��တ� သ�ပ��ပဿန�ရ��ဖ����တ��မရ��ပ�ဘ��။"

လက�ရ��အစ���ရက ဒ�က�သည��တ�က�� �ပန�လည��နရ�ခ�ထ���ရ� �ဆ�င�ရ�က�ရ�မ�� မ�လ�နရ��တ�က�� �ပန�လည��နထ��င�ခ�င���ပ�တ�မ���� မဟ�တ�ဘ� ရပ�က�က� (ဒ�မ�မဟ�တ�) �က��ရ��တစ�ခ�ပ�ံစံန�� �ပန�လည� �နရ�ခ�ထ���ပ��နတ��ဖစ�ပ�တယ�။ အ�ဒ�လ�� �ဆ�င�ရ�က�တ�ဟ� က��ဖ�အ�နန��က��မရ�င� အ�ကံ�ပ�ခ�က��တ�န�� က��က�ည�မ� မရ����က�င��လည�� �ဝဖန�မ��တ� ရ���နပ�တယ�။

မ�တ�စလင� ဒ�က�သည�စခန���တ� ပ�တ�သ�မ�����င��ရ� အစ���ရ�ဆ�င�ရ�က��နတ�မ�� �က��က��တ���မ ���နယ�က န�ဒင�စခန��က�� ၂၀၁၈ ခ���စ� �သဂ�တ�လမ�� အ�ပ�� ပ�တ�သ�မ�����င�ခ��ပ�တယ�။

အ�ဒ�စခန��က အ�မ��ထ�င�စ� ၈၅ စ�န�� လ�ဦ��ရ ၅၈၀ �က���ဟ� မ�လက �က��က��တ���မ ����ပ�မ�� �နထ��င�ခ���ကတ� �ဖစ��ပမယ�� ဒ�က�သည��တ�န�� သ�ဘ�တ� ည����င��မ�အရ သ�တ���က�� မ�လ�နရ�မ�� �ပန�လည��နရ�မ�ပ�ဘ� န�ဒင��က��ရ�� အ�န�က�ဘက� လယ�က�င���ပင�မ�� လ�ံ�ခ�င���နအ�မ��တ� �ဆ�က�လ�ပ��ပ�� �ပန�လည��နရ� ခ�ထ���ပ�ခ��တ��ဖစ�ပ�တယ�။

ဒ��အ�ပင� ဒ�က�သည� သ�ံ��ထ�င��က���ရ��တ�� ��မပ�ံ IDP ကယ�ဆယ��ရ�စခန��အတ�က� �နအ�မ� ၆၀၀ �လ�က� �ဆ�က�လ�ပ�မ���ဖစ��ပ�� လက�ရ��မ�� �နအ�မ�အလ�ံ��ရ ၁၀၀ �လ�က��ပ��စ���န�ပ��ဖစ�တ���က�င�� မ�သ��စ��တ� ��ပ�င���ရ���နထ��င��န�က�ပ�လ��� ဆ��ပ�တယ�။

၂၀၁၈ ခ���စ�ထ�က စစ��တ��မ ��� သက�ယ��ပင�၊ �ခ�င��ဒ�က�� စခန�� ၁၊ ၂ စတ�� ဒ�က�သည� စခန�� သ�ံ�ခ�က��လည�� �ပန�လည��နရ�ခ�ထ���ပ����င�ဖ��� ည����င���ဆ�င�ရ�က�ခ���ပမယ�� ဒ��န�အခ��န�ထ� သ�ဘ�တ�ည�ခ�က� မရ�သ�ဘ� �ဖစ��နပ�တယ�။

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https://www.rfa.org/burmese/program_2/kyaukphyu-muslim-refugess-resettlement- 02082020074156.html

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�မ�င��တ�တ�င� စ�တ��က�ဆ� ၉ သ�န���က��� ဖမ��မ�

By DVB | 10 February 2020

ရခ��င��ပည�နယ� �မ�င��တ��မ ���နယ�မ�� ရ�တပ�ဖ���ဝင��တ�က �မ���တ��ယ��� ၁ စ��အ�� စစ��ဆ�ဖ��� ရပ�တန��ခ��င��ရ� �မ�င����င�ထ�က���ပ�တ���က�င�� လ��က�လံ ပစ�ခတ�ဖမ��ဆ��ခ���ပ�� စ�တ��က�ဆ��ပ�� ၉ သ�န���က��� သ�မ��ဆည��ရမ�ခ��တယ�လ��� သ�ရပ�တယ�။

မ��ယစ��ဆ�ဝ��တ��ဆ�����မ�နင���ရ�ရ�တပ�ဖ���ဝင��တ� ပ�ဝင�တ�� ပ���ပ�င��အဖ���ဟ� �မ�င��တ��မ ���၊ ပ���ပ�င��စစ��ဆ��ရ�ဂ�တ�မ�� �ဖ�ဖ��ဝ�ရ� ၉ ရက��န� မနက� ၁၁ န�ရ��က����လ�က�က �မ���တ��ယ����တ� စစ��ဆ��နစ�� လင��လင��ထ�န�� ၂၇ ��စ�န�� အမ����သ�� ၁ ဦ� (စ�စစ�ဆ�) �မ�င����င�လ�တ�� MDY 5J/xxxx Voxy ယ���က ရပ�တန��မ�မရ��ဘ� �မ�င��တ��မ ���ဘက� �မ�င����င�ထ�က���ပ�သ���တ���က�င�� လ��က�လံဖမ��ဆ��ခ��တယ�လ��� �ပည�ထ��ရ�က ထ�တ��ပန�ပ�တယ�။

အဆ��ပ��မ���တ��ယ���ဟ� စတ��လ��က��ရ��လမ��မ�� ရပ�တန��က� လင��လင��ထ�န��န��အ�ပ�င��အပ�တ��� ထ�က���ပ�တ���က�င�� ရ�တပ�ဖ���ဝင�တဦ�က BA-72 �သနတ�န�� ၁ ခ�က� သတ��ပ�ပစ�ခတ�ခ��ရ�မ�� လင��လင��ထ�န��အ�� က�ည�ထ�မ�န�ဒဏ�ရ� ၁ ခ�က�ရရ���ပ�� အခင���ဖစ��နရ�မ�� �သဆ�ံ�ခ��တယ�လ��� ဆ��ပ�တယ�။ က�န�တဦ�က�တ�� ထ�က���ပ�လ�တ���မ�က�သ���တယ�လ��� သ�ရပ�တယ�။

အ�လ�င��အ�� �မ�င��တ��ပည�သ�� �ဆ���ံက�� ပ����ဆ�င�ခ���ပ�� အဆ��ပ��မ���တ��ယ����ပ�မ� စ�တ��က�ဆ��ပ�� ၉၁၄၅၅၀ �ပ��၊ ဖ�န�� ၁ လ�ံ�၊ လင��လင��ထ�န��အမည�ပ� ယ���အ�မ�င��သင�(လ��င�စင�) ၁ ခ�တ��� သ�မ��ဆည��ရမ�ခ��ပ�တယ�။

လင��လင��ထ�န��(�သဆ�ံ�)န�� အမ����သ�� ၁ ဦ�(စ�စစ�ဆ�) တ���အ�� �မ�င��တ��မ ���မရ�စခန��၊ မယ(ပ) ၅/၂၀၂၀၊ မ��/စ�တ�ပ�ဒ�မ ၁၉(က)/၂၁ န�� အမ�ဖ�င��စစ��ဆ��နတယ�လ��� သ�ရပ�တယ�။

http://burmese.dvb.no/archives/371036

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